CN106256473B - A kind of Laser Rapid Prototyping System and method for aluminium wire - Google Patents
A kind of Laser Rapid Prototyping System and method for aluminium wire Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106256473B CN106256473B CN201610914792.2A CN201610914792A CN106256473B CN 106256473 B CN106256473 B CN 106256473B CN 201610914792 A CN201610914792 A CN 201610914792A CN 106256473 B CN106256473 B CN 106256473B
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- Prior art keywords
- laser
- wire
- aluminium
- aluminium wire
- rapid prototyping
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Laser Rapid Prototyping Systems and method for aluminium wire, belong to laser forming technology field.The system includes laser light source, laser transmission focus pack, temperature controllable heated filament wire feed system, protective gas system, substrate, digital control system；Laser light source is 700nm 900nm laser beams for providing wavelength；Laser transmission focus pack forms molten bath for focusing and being radiated on substrate the beam transmission of generation；Temperature controllable heated filament wire feed system is used to supply aluminium wire for formation system；Protective gas system is used for the injection protection gas when formation system works.Aluminium alloy wire of the present invention is as raw material, simultaneously laser fast shaping is carried out using 700 900nm band lasers, not only it had solved the problems, such as using powder as raw band but also had significantly improved utilization ratio of laser energy and shaping efficiency, it effectively reduces cost, greatly push the development of aluminium alloy rapid laser-shaping technique, application prospect extremely wide.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser forming technology fields, are related to a kind of Laser Rapid Prototyping System and method for aluminium wire.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy is most widely used one kind non-ferrous metal structural material in industry, and density is low, but intensity is relatively high,
Near or above high-quality steel, plasticity is good, can be processed into various proximate matters, has excellent electric conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion stability, is navigating
It has been widely applied in sky, space flight, automobile, machine-building, ship and chemical industry.But tradition aluminum alloy part production method is past
Toward model or mold is needed, production process is time-consuming, effort, of high cost, the production cycle is long, and production process is flexible poor, is not easy to
The update of product.
Traditional aluminum alloy part production can effectively be solved the problems, such as using rapid laser-shaping technique.Laser is fast
Fast forming technique is the new and high technology that developed recently gets up, and utilizes laser technology, CAX technologies, automatic control technology, green wood
Material technology, direct moulding quickly manufacture a multidisciplinary synthesis technology of product model.Rapid laser-shaping technique changes tradition
" removal " contour machining procedure is processed, and uses " accumulation " contour machining procedure, there is epoch-making meaning in manufacture field.
For the laser fast shaping of aluminium alloy, Al alloy powder is usually used and is processed molding as raw material.And
It is more demanding for powder raw material, in addition to having good plasticity, also require grain size is small, sphericity is high, good fluidity, pine dress
Density is high, is had the following problems in addition using powder raw material：(1) shaping efficiency is low, and high processing costs easily introduce impurity；(2) material
Expect that utilization rate is low, Powder Recovery is difficult using recycling；(3) it easily drifts, has pollution to environment；(4) powder sending quantity and uniformity control
System is difficult；(5) it can not be processed under microgravity environment.Based on the above analysis, present invention proposition is swashed using aluminium alloy silk material
Light rapid shaping selects silk material to be had the advantage that as raw material：(1) at low cost, shaping efficiency is high, energy conservation and environmental protection；(2) material
Utilization rate is almost 100%；(3) environmentally safe；(4) it easily realizes and accurately controls；(5) it is suitable for microgravity environment.Therefore
Laser fast shaping is carried out using aluminium alloy silk material, extensive market prospects will be possessed.
However since aluminium alloy is higher to laser reflectivity, cause capacity usage ratio low, shaping efficiency is low.General solution
Method is mostly to increase laser power, and processing cost is caused to increase.Fig. 2 is aluminium alloy absorption spectra, it can be seen from the figure that in 700-
900nm absorptivities have a peak value.Based on this analysis, the present invention is special to be proposed to carry out laser using the laser of 700-900nm wave bands
Rapid shaping.
Invention content
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Laser Rapid Prototyping System and method for aluminium wire, profit
Laser fast shaping is carried out to aluminium and aluminium alloy silk material with the laser of 700-900nm wave bands, realizes the aluminium and aluminium of high-efficiency high-quality
Alloy wire laser fast shaping, has broad application prospects.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions：
A kind of Laser Rapid Prototyping System for aluminium wire, the system include laser light source, laser transmission focus pack, can
Temperature adjustment heated filament wire feed system, protective gas system, substrate, digital control system；
The laser light source is 700nm-900nm laser beams for providing wavelength；
The laser transmission focus pack forms molten bath for focusing and being radiated on substrate the beam transmission of generation；
The temperature controllable heated filament wire feed system is used to supply aluminium wire for formation system；
The protective gas system is used for the injection protection gas when formation system works.
Further, the aluminium wire is fine aluminium, aluminium alloy or aluminum matrix composite silk material.
Further, the aluminium wire cross section is round or rectangular, wherein a diameter of 0.01-10mm of round aluminium wire, square aluminum
Silk thickness is 0.1-10mm, width 0.1-10mm.
Further, it is to appoint in continuous laser, pulse laser or quasi-continuous lasing that the wavelength, which is 700nm-900nm laser beams,
Meaning is a kind of.
Further, the laser light source uses semiconductor laser, solid state laser or optical fiber laser.
Further, the laser transmission focus pack includes the optical mirror slip or optical fiber transmitted for realizing laser, and
The condenser lens focused for realizing laser.
Further, the protective gas system, which is divided into, has molding chamber and without molding two kinds of situations of chamber：There is molding chamber
Include the molding chamber door taken out for workpiece, the watch window for visually observing is used for the laser light incident window of laser input,
And realize the gas communication port of gas circulation and control climate, when there is molding chamber, vacuumized, vacuum pressure is less than
100Pa is filled with protective gas in molding room as needed；When without molding chamber, protection gas is supplied gas spray from coaxial wire feed
It is sprayed in mouth.
Further, the temperature controllable heated filament wire feed system include wire feeder, it is wire-feeding pipe, straightening mechanism, heating device, micro-
Structure preparation facilities, wire shearing machine structure, special fixture；Wherein the wire feeder is given for realizing aluminium wire；The heating
Device has resistance heating and sensing heating two ways, can be by aluminium wire end heat to 0-600 DEG C；It is prepared by the micro-structure
Device, aluminium wire surface that can be after the heating prepare anti-reflection microstructure；The wire shearing machine structure can be cut off after per pass shapes
The liquid bead of silk end；The fixture is, it can be achieved that angle is freely adjusted with position between laser and aluminium wire.
Further, the digital control system, which is divided into, has manipulator and without two kinds of situations of manipulator：When there is manipulator, substrate
It is static, molding is realized by mechanical hand-motion laser and wire guiding nipple relative motion；When no manipulator, laser and wire guiding nipple do three certainly
It is moved by degree rectangular co-ordinate, metal substrate lifting.
Controllable temperature substrate can realize -100 DEG C of -600 DEG C of temperature controls of substrate temperature, in addition, when the use of substrate being steel plate,
Surface of steel plate daub is realized and forms frangible compounds between aluminum products molded part and steel substrate, facilitates molded part and substrate
Separation.
The present invention also provides a kind of laser rapid-forming methods for aluminium wire, and this approach includes the following steps：
1) geometrical model is established using computer, plans that scan path, establishment molding process are input to computer numerical control system
System, adjusting sweep speed are 2-100mm/s；
2) starting protection gas system is vacuumized when there is molding chamber, and vacuum pressure is less than 100Pa or root
Protective gas argon gas or helium are filled in molding room according to needs.When without molding chamber, protection gas is supplied gas spray from coaxial wire feed
It is sprayed in mouth, gas flow 0.2-30L/min；
3) start substrate temperature-controlling system, it is -100 DEG C -600 DEG C to adjust temperature；Startup wavelength is 700-900nm lasers,
Adjust laser power be 200~5000W, defocusing amount be 0~90 ° of -3~3mm, aluminium wire and laser interfascicular angle, laser spot with
It is 0~5mm that aluminium wire, which falls silk point spacing i.e. chevilled silk spacing,.
4) starting temperature controllable heated filament wire feed system and supply aluminium wire, aluminium wire passes through straightening mechanism and heating devices heat successively,
It is 0-600 DEG C to adjust preheating temperature, and wire feed rate is 0.2~20m/min, is molded using laser rapid melting aluminium wire；
5) molding finishes, and molded part is detached with metal substrate.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：Aluminium alloy wire of the present invention uses 700-900nm waves as raw material
Section laser carries out laser fast shaping, had not only solved the problems, such as using powder as raw band but also had significantly improved laser energy
Utilization rate and shaping efficiency are measured, effectively reduces cost, has greatly pushed the development of aluminium alloy rapid laser-shaping technique, is applied
Foreground is extremely wide.
Description of the drawings
In order to keep the purpose of the present invention, technical solution and advantageous effect clearer, the present invention provides following attached drawing and carries out
Explanation：
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of the method for the invention；
Fig. 2 is 6061 aluminium alloy silk material laser absorption collection of illustrative plates；
Fig. 3 is the overall structure diagram for aluminium wire Laser Rapid Prototyping System, and Fig. 3 (a) is to have forming chamber, Fig. 3
(b) it is without forming chamber；
Fig. 4 is heating device principle schematic in temperature controllable heated filament wire feed system, and Fig. 4 (a) is resistance heating, and Fig. 4 (b) is
Sensing heating.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of the method for the invention, as shown, this method includes the following steps：1) meter is utilized
Calculation machine establishes geometrical model, generates scan path；2) vacuum or protective gas processing environment are provided, basal plate preheating is started；3)
Start wire feed system and supply aluminium wire, is 700~900nm laser fusion aluminium wires using wavelength；4) judge whether processing is completed, it is no,
Step 3) is repeated, is, terminates scanning, enters step 5)；5) molding finishes, and molded part is detached with metal substrate, takes out product.
Fig. 3 is the overall structure diagram for aluminium wire Laser Rapid Prototyping System, and Fig. 3 (a) is to have forming chamber, Fig. 3
(b) it is without forming chamber；Fig. 4 is heating device principle schematic in temperature controllable heated filament wire feed system, and Fig. 4 (a) is resistance heating,
Fig. 4 (b) is sensing heating.
Embodiment one：
The present embodiment makes the rectangular aluminum alloy specimen of width 50mm, thickness 10mm, high 60mm, and specific manufacturing step is as follows：
1) it is thick 6061 aluminium sheets of 10mm to select the ER2319 aluminium welding wires of a diameter of 0.6mm, shaping substrate, and substrate is fixed on
It is molded on table top；
2) geometrical model is established using 3 d modeling software, and cutting is carried out to the threedimensional model using Slice Software, often
Layer subdivision height is set as 0.6mm, plans that scan path, establishment molding process are input to computer numerical control system according to cutting result
System, adjusting sweep speed are 40mm/s；
3) there is molding chamber, closed forming cavity is carried out to vacuumize operation, reach 10Pa to 100Pa models in evacuated pressure
When enclosing, stop vacuumizing；
4) start substrate temperature-controlling system, by bottom plate heating to 200 DEG C, start temperature controllable heated filament wire feed system, by aluminium wire end
Portion is heated to 300 DEG C, and setting wire feed rate is 3m/min, and defocusing amount 0, chevilled silk spacing is 0.5mm, laser beam and aluminium wire angle
60°；
5) open laser, selections wavelength be 808nm semiconductor lasers, output power 400W, spot diameter 0.8mm,
Utilize laser fusion aluminium wire；
6) it is successively molded, detaches molded part and substrate after molding, take out molded part；
Embodiment two：
The present embodiment makes the cylindrical aluminium alloy sample of internal diameter 50mm, outer diameter 80mm, high 100mm, specific manufacturing step
It is as follows：
1) it is 10mm thickness Q235 steel plates to select the ER2319 aluminium welding wires of a diameter of 0.6mm, shaping substrate, and surface of steel plate is smeared
Substrate is fixed on molding table top by the coating containing aluminium oxide and boron nitride；
2) geometrical model is established using 3 d modeling software, and cutting is carried out to the threedimensional model using Slice Software, often
Layer subdivision height is set as 0.6mm, plans that scan path, establishment molding process are input to computer numerical control system according to cutting result
System, adjusting sweep speed are 40mm/s；
3) without molding chamber, protection gas is sprayed from coaxial wire feed feed nozzle, gas flow 10L/min；
4) start bottom plate heating system, by bottom plate heating to 200 DEG C, start temperature controllable heated filament wire feed system, by aluminium wire end
Portion is heated to 300 DEG C, and setting wire feed rate is 3m/min, and defocusing amount 0, chevilled silk spacing is 0.5mm, laser beam and aluminium wire angle
60°；
5) open laser, selections wavelength be 808nm semiconductor lasers, output power 400W, spot diameter 0.8mm,
Utilize laser fusion aluminium wire；
6) it is successively molded, detaches molded part and substrate after molding.
Finally illustrate, preferred embodiment above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted, although logical
It crosses above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, however, those skilled in the art should understand that, can be
Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of Laser Rapid Prototyping System for aluminium wire, it is characterised in that：The system includes that laser light source, laser transmission are poly-
Burnt component, temperature controllable heated filament wire feed system, protective gas system, substrate, digital control system；
The laser light source is 700nm-900nm laser beams for providing wavelength；
The laser transmission focus pack forms molten bath for focusing and being radiated on substrate the beam transmission of generation；
The temperature controllable heated filament wire feed system is used to supply aluminium wire for formation system；
The protective gas system is used for the injection protection gas when formation system works；
The temperature controllable heated filament wire feed system includes wire feeder, wire-feeding pipe, straightening mechanism, heating device, micro-structure preparation dress
It sets, wire shearing machine structure, special fixture；Wherein the wire feeder is given for realizing aluminium wire；The heating device, there is resistance
Heating and sensing heating two ways, can be by aluminium wire end heat to 0-600 DEG C；The micro-structure preparation facilities can add
Aluminium wire surface after heat prepares anti-reflection microstructure；The wire shearing machine structure can cut off the liquid of an end after per pass shapes
State bead；The fixture is, it can be achieved that angle is freely adjusted with position between laser and aluminium wire.
2. a kind of Laser Rapid Prototyping System for aluminium wire according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The aluminium wire
For fine aluminium, aluminium alloy or aluminum matrix composite silk material.
3. a kind of Laser Rapid Prototyping System for aluminium wire according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The aluminium wire is horizontal
Section is round or rectangular, wherein a diameter of 0.01-10mm of round aluminium wire, rectangular aluminium wire thickness are 0.1-10mm, width is
0.1-10mm。
4. a kind of Laser Rapid Prototyping System for aluminium wire according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The wavelength is
700nm-900nm laser beams are any one in continuous laser, pulse laser or quasi-continuous lasing.
5. a kind of Laser Rapid Prototyping System for aluminium wire according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The laser
Light source uses semiconductor laser, solid state laser or optical fiber laser.
6. a kind of Laser Rapid Prototyping System for aluminium wire according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The laser
Defeated focus pack includes the optical mirror slip or optical fiber transmitted for realizing laser, and saturating for realizing the focusing that laser focuses
Mirror.
7. a kind of Laser Rapid Prototyping System for aluminium wire according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The protection gas
System system, which is divided into, has molding chamber and without molding two kinds of situations of chamber：It includes the forming cavity taken out for workpiece to have molding chamber
Door, the watch window for visually observing for the laser light incident window of laser input, and realize gas circulation and atmosphere control
The gas communication port of system is vacuumized when there is molding chamber, and vacuum pressure is less than 100Pa or as needed toward molding
Interior is filled with protective gas；When without molding chamber, protection gas is sprayed from coaxial wire feed feed nozzle.
8. a kind of Laser Rapid Prototyping System for aluminium wire according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The numerical control
System, which is divided into, has manipulator and without two kinds of situations of manipulator：When there is manipulator, substrate is static, by mechanical hand-motion laser and leads
Molding is realized in silk mouth relative motion；When no manipulator, laser and wire guiding nipple do three degrees of freedom right angle coordinate movement, metal substrate
Lifting.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610914792.2A CN106256473B (en) | 2016-10-20 | 2016-10-20 | A kind of Laser Rapid Prototyping System and method for aluminium wire |
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| CN201610914792.2A CN106256473B (en) | 2016-10-20 | 2016-10-20 | A kind of Laser Rapid Prototyping System and method for aluminium wire |
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| CN106256473B true CN106256473B (en) | 2018-08-03 |
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| CN110405203A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2019-11-05 | 长沙嘉程机械制造有限公司 | Coaxial compound multiple laser+electric heating silk material deposition method |
| CN110625259B (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2022-02-11 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | Full-automatic high-energy-beam metal additive manufacturing method under weightlessness and vacuum working conditions |
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