A kind of high vacuum multi-function metal 3D printing equipment
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal 3D printer manufacturing fields, and in particular to a kind of high vacuum multi-function metal 3D printing is set
It is standby.
Background technology
High energy beam 3D printing (also known as increasing material manufacturing) is one kind of rapid shaping technique.The technology is with digital model file
Basis is superimposed with adhesive materials such as powdery metal or plastics by continuous physical layer, and complicated Three-dimension process is turned
Become simple two dimension processing, greatly reduces the forming difficulty of complex parts, it can not to be expected to solution conventional machining techniques
The figuration manufacture problem of the complex structural member of completion.In recent years, 3D printing technique is gradually applied to the manufacture of actual product,
In, the 3D printing technique development of metal material is especially rapid.In national defence, European and American developed countries pay much attention to 3D printing technique
Development, do not stint input huge fund studied, and 3D printing metal component be always study and application emphasis.With laser
High output and control, the development of adjustment technology, new 3D printing machine occur in succession.According to statistics, metal 3D printer
Equipment and material in the world up to 300,000,000 dollars.Although compared with advanced resin printer, only 1/10 or so,
It is expected that the year two thousand twenty is up to 1,200,000,000~2,100,000,000 dollars.Metal 3D printer has shown very wide application prospect, in automobile
The fields such as manufacture, mold, aerospace, weaponry, medical treatment, ship, the energy have powerful growth momentum.
Although metal receives expectation with 3D printer, and shows explosive growth situation, there are still more technologies
Sex chromosome mosaicism.
(1) commercial equipment is when carrying out the laser 3D printing of metal powder, it usually needs is continually fed into inert protective gas
To prevent metal powder from being aoxidized under laser action, but manufacturing cost can be undoubtedly significantly increased in consumption to inert gas for a long time.It is low true
Reciprocal of duty cycle, rich oxygen content are easily formed oxide when to the material 3D printing of oxidisability sensitive metal, to reduce 3D printing part
Mechanical property.
(2) functions of the equipments are single, and a such as 3D printing equipment can only often realize selective laser melting (SLM), laser
Near-net-shape (LENS) or laser melting coating reparation share laser, galvanometer, a machinery if can be integrated by above-mentioned function
The resources such as device then can largely reduce production cost.
(3) substrate heating helps to reduce temperature gradient and thermal stress, avoids drip molding deformation and cracking;Substrate cools down then
Help to adjust drip molding heterogeneous microstructure.But current equipment mostly uses greatly substrate heating and is preheated to powder, no cooling
Function, and substrate/stage is adiabatic using thermal insulation board.If can be integrated by substrate heating-refrigerating function, will be promoted
3D printing functions of the equipments adapt to the 3D printing of wider metal material.
Invention content
For the disadvantages described above or Improvement requirement of the prior art, a kind of high vacuum of present invention offer, multi-functional metal 3D
Printing device.The equipment can meet the condition of high vacuum degree requirement of printing chamber, avoid the lasting consumption of inert gas;Collection selectivity
Laser fusion (SLM), laser near-net-shape (LENS) and laser melting coating repair function are in one, and by heating-cooling of substrate
Function is integrated.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of high vacuum multi-function metal 3D printing equipment, is used for geometry
The increasing material manufacturing of complicated metal parts and device comprising vacuum chamber, the galvanometer being located at the top of the vacuum chamber, with institute
The connected laser of galvanometer is stated, the vacuum chamber is internally provided with powder-laying roller, and the bottom of the vacuum chamber is equipped with workbench,
The bottom of the workbench is equipped with working cylinder and hoistable platform, which further includes:
Sealing unit is set between the workbench and the hoistable platform, including connecting rod and sealing threaded pipe, institute
Connecting rod is stated for connecting the workbench and hoistable platform, it is made to make elevating movement, the sealing spiral shell in the working cylinder
Line pipe is connect with working cylinder and hoistable platform, for realizing the sealing of the working cylinder and hoistable platform;
Powder falling unit, including powder falling bucket and powder bucket, the powder falling bucket be set to the workbench above, by tube cell with it is described
Powder bucket connects, and for persistently providing metal powder, the powder bucket is set to the outside of the vacuum chamber, for reducing vacuum chamber
Size improves vacuum degree and shortens the pumpdown time;
The cooling integrated unit of heating, is set on affiliated workbench, for carrying out heating or cold to the metal powder
But, to promote the function of 3D printing equipment, the 3D printing of wider metal material is adapted to.
Further, which further includes vacuum treatment unit comprising vacuum valve, mechanical pump and molecular pump, it is described
Vacuum valve is set on the vacuum chamber side wall, and the mechanical pump and molecular pump are connect with the vacuum valve successively, are used for
Vacuumize process is carried out to the vacuum chamber.
Further, groove depth groove width is adjustable on the wheel hub of the powder falling bucket, and hub rotation speed is adjustable, to control powder falling
Amount meets the laser 3D printing forming of different size parts.
Further, it is equipped with cover board on the upside of the powder falling bucket, metal powder is avoided to overflow.
Further, the vacuum chamber is two, and one of vacuum chamber is for being arranged selective laser melting list
Member, another vacuum chamber is for being arranged laser near-net-shape and laser melting coating unit.
Preferably, the tube cell is equipped with two or more sealing valves, in the selective laser melting unit or
When laser near-net-shape and laser melting coating cell operation, the supply of the metal powder is controlled.
Preferably, the number of the quantity and the vacuum chamber of the sealing unit, powder falling unit, the cooling integrated unit of heating
Measure it is equal, to realize multi-functional 3D printing.
Further, the cooling integrated unit of the heating includes upper substrate and lower substrate, and perforation, institute are offered in lower substrate
Perforation is stated for accommodating Elema or other electric heating bodies.
Further, the upper substrate is equipped with runner, for being passed through water or other cooling liquid to the 3D printing material
Or drip molding is cooled down.
Further, the lower substrate is equipped with lower flow channel, for be passed through water or other cooling liquid to the connecting rod and
Hoistable platform is cooled down.
In general, through the invention it is contemplated above technical scheme is compared with the prior art, can obtain down and show
Beneficial effect:
(1) in technical scheme of the present invention, cancel powder cylinder, working cylinder uses sylphon seal with lifting platform surface, larger
Degree diminution shapes chamber volume.And it is combined with molecular pump, it can be achieved that 10 using mechanical pump-3Pa and higher vacuum degree.
(2) in technical scheme of the present invention, the vacuum degree of chamber is shaped up to 10-3Pa or more, condition of high vacuum degree, hypoxemia contain
Amount, avoids under laser action, and metal material is reacted with oxide to be generated brittle oxide and drip molding performance is caused to decline.
(3) in technical scheme of the present invention, by selective laser melting (SLM), laser near-net-shape (LENS) or laser
Cladding reparation is integrated, shares the resources such as laser, galvanometer, a mechanical device, then can largely reduce production cost.
(4) in technical scheme of the present invention, by heating-refrigerating function of substrate it is integrated, it can be achieved that powder preheating and
The regulation and control of part tune shape are effectively formed in drip molding rapid cooling.In addition, cooling duct is arranged in a substrate, will can effectively heat the substrate
It is thermally shielded between working cylinder, hoistable platform.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that a kind of working cylinder that high vacuum multi-function metal 3D printing equipment is related to of the embodiment of the present invention and lifting fill
Set sealing schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is a kind of selective laser melting that high vacuum multi-function metal 3D printing equipment is related to of the embodiment of the present invention
(SLM), laser near-net-shape (LENS) and laser melting coating one layout drawing;
Fig. 3 is a kind of powder falling bucket wheel hub section that high vacuum multi-function metal 3D printing equipment is related to of the embodiment of the present invention
Figure;
Fig. 4 is that a kind of integrated substrate of high vacuum multi-function metal 3D printing equipment heating-cooling of the embodiment of the present invention is set
Meter figure.
In all attached drawings, the same reference numeral indicates identical structure and part, wherein:1-SLM formings vacuum chamber,
2- heating, cooling integrated substrate, 3- workbench, 4- working cylinders, 5- connecting rods, 6- sealing threaded pipes, 7- hoistable platforms, 8- lifting
Leading screw, 9- galvanometers, 10- powder-laying rollers, 11- powder fallings bucket, 12- vacuum valves, 13- tube cells, the sealing valve on 14- tube cells 13,15- powder
Metal powder, the 22- that bucket, the sealing valve on 16-- tube cells 17,18- nozzles, 19- vacuum valves, 20- laser, 21- nozzles spray
Laser, 23-LENS and laser melting coating repair vacuum chamber, 24- vacuum pump systems, 25- upper substrates, 26- for cooling down sample
Runner, 27- lower substrates, 28- are used to be inserted into the through-hole of calandria for the runner of heat-insulated connecting rod and lifting gear, 29-.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below that
Conflict is not constituted between this to can be combined with each other.
Laser 3D printing chamber is different from general chamber, and there are elevating mechanisms.The up and down motion of elevating mechanism so that its is close
Envelope is more difficult.If entire elevating mechanism is placed in vacuum chamber, it is slow that it will cause pumping speed, and time-consuming, and vacuum degree is low, lazy
Property gas usage is big, it is less economical the problems such as.Fig. 1 is a kind of high vacuum multi-function metal 3D printing equipment of the embodiment of the present invention
The working cylinder being related to seals schematic diagram with lifting gear.As shown in Figure 1, hoistable platform 7 is avoided directly to be connected with workbench 3,
Connecting rod 5 is designed between, and when the leading screw 8 of elevating mechanism is moved with moving platform 7, connecting rod 5 lifts therewith, to band
Dynamic workbench 3 moves together, realizes elevating function.Motion platform 7 and working cylinder 4 are sealed using bellows 6, bellows 6
The flexible up and down motion that can meet elevating mechanism, and its leakproofness is not influenced, to realize the sealing of 3D printing chamber.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, as shown in Fig. 2, being combined using mechanical pump+molecular pump, 3D printing vacuum is realized
The condition of high vacuum degree of chamber.In order to meet this requirement and improve efficiency, the present invention cancels powder cylinder, using powder falling bucket and external powder bucket
In conjunction with mode, realize continue powder supply.On the one hand elevating mechanism cost is saved in the cancellation of powder cylinder, reduce metal powder pollution;Separately
On the one hand vacuum chamber size is reduced, conducive to improving vacuum degree and shortening the operating time.
Fig. 3 is a kind of powder falling bucket wheel hub section that high vacuum multi-function metal 3D printing equipment is related to of the embodiment of the present invention
Figure.As shown in figure 3, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the wheel hub of powder falling bucket is designed using gear type, groove depth groove width on wheel hub
Adjustable, hub rotation speed is adjustable, controls powder falling amount accordingly.Powder falling bucket width direction size adjustable meets swashing for different size parts
Light 3D printing shapes.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is equipped with cover board on the upside of powder falling bucket, metal powder is avoided to overflow.
As shown in Figure 1, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, 5 monometallic bars of shown connecting rod, bimetallic lever or mostly golden
Belong to bar.
Fig. 2 is a kind of selective laser melting that high vacuum multi-function metal 3D printing equipment is related to of the embodiment of the present invention
(SLM), laser near-net-shape (LENS) and laser melting coating one layout drawing.As shown in Fig. 2, the present invention is by selective laser melting
(SLM), laser near-net-shape (LENS) carries out integrated design with laser melting coating.
As shown in Fig. 2, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, according to selective laser melting (SLM), laser near-net-shape
(LENS) with the processing characteristic of laser melting coating, selective laser melting (SLM) function is placed on a vacuum chamber 1, will be swashed
Light near-net-shape (LENS) is placed on adjoining vacuum chambers 23 with laser melting coating function.
When carrying out selective laser melting (SLM) progress part forming:
(1) sealing valve 16 on powder conduit that external powder bucket 15 is connected with chamber 23 first is closed;By vacuum pump set
The sealing valve of 24 (mechanical pumps+molecular pump) and chamber 23 is closed.
(2) substrate 2 is fixed on workbench 3.
(3) metal powder for meeting requirement is placed in powder bucket 15, it is ensured that powder accessible can be delivered to powder falling bucket
11。
(4) it is vacuumized after closing vacuum chamber 1.
(5) wait for the vacuum degree of vacuum chamber 1 up to 5 × 10-3Gas washing when Pa, after gas washing when the vacuum degree of vacuum chamber 1 again
Up to 5 × 10-3When Pa, it is passed through circulated inert gas.
(6) powder falling in working region of powder falling bucket 11, the powdering therewith of powder-laying roller 10.
(7) laser 22 is opened, SLM formings are carried out to powder using galvanometer system 9, by adjusting turning for powder falling bucket wheel hub
Speed controls the angle of rotation (angles θ in such as Fig. 3) of tooth socket, controls powder falling amount.
When carrying out laser near-net-shape (LENS) or laser melting coating is repaired:
(1) sealing valve 14 on powder conduit that external powder bucket 15 is connected with chamber 1 is closed;By 24 (machine of vacuum pump set
Tool pump+molecular pump) it is closed with the sealing valve of chamber 1.
(2) fixed substrate or part on workbench 2.
(3) metal powder for meeting requirement is placed in powder bucket 15, it is ensured that powder accessible can be delivered to nozzle 18.
(4) it is vacuumized after closing vacuum chamber 23.
(5) wait for the vacuum degree of vacuum chamber 23 up to 5 × 10-3Gas washing when Pa, when vacuum degree is again up to 5 × 10 after gas washing-3Pa
When, it is passed through circulated inert gas.
(6) laser 22 is opened, using nozzle 18 to carrying out laser near-net-shape (LENS) or laser melting coating reparation.
As shown in Fig. 2, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, powder bucket connect powder conduit with each chamber and is equipped with valve
Door, you can adjust powder flow, can also seal, vacuum chamber and external powder bucket are separated.
When carrying out selective laser melting (SLM) progress part forming, big temperature gradient often causes big heat
Stress/residual stress is cracked or is deformed so as to cause workpiece.It needs to heat the substrate at this time, reduces temperature gradient, to
Reduce thermal stress/residual stress, workpiece is avoided to deform or crack.To certain materials, such as amorphous alloy, then need to carry out quick
Cooling is to obtain certain heterogeneous microstructure of higher amorphous content or material.Fig. 4 is one kind of the embodiment of the present invention
High vacuum multi-function metal 3D printing equipment heating-cooling integrates substrate design figure.As shown in figure 4, adding for the present invention is hot-cold
Integrated substrate can realize above-mentioned function well, promote 3D printing functions of the equipments, meet the 3D of wider metal material
Printing.
As shown in figure 4, substrate is made of upper substrate 27 and lower substrate 25, the processing perforation 29 on lower substrate 27, by silicon-carbon
Stick or other electric heating bodies, which are inserted into hole 29, can carry out substrate heating.The upper substrate be equipped with upper runner, for be passed through water or
Other cooling liquid cool down the 3D printing material or drip molding;The lower substrate is equipped with lower flow channel, for being passed through water
Or other cooling liquid cool down the connecting rod and hoistable platform.During heating, in order to avoid substrate temperature pair
Elevating mechanism impacts, to being passed through the cooling water of certain flow close to the runner 28 of operating position.After heating, close
Heating power supply leads to cooling water to runner 26, cools down to the upper machine plate 25 close to part position rapidly.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, for the ease of processing, flow channel depth is respectively accounting for half, is closing substantially above and below
It is exactly a whole runner to be sealed.
As shown in figure 4, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the upper substrate, lower substrate can select stainless steel, copper/
The metal materials such as copper alloy, aluminium/aluminium alloy, titanium/titanium alloy, cast iron, steel.
As shown in figure 4, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the upper runner, lower flow channel can with the degree of lip-rounding, back-shaped, field shape,
Other geometries such as mesh shape, day shape design.
As shown in figure 4, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, in close hoistable platform or substrate close to powder cylinder side
Position can design runner, be passed through cooling water, avoid influence of the high temperature to elevating mechanism or powder cylinder.
In technical scheme of the present invention, cancel powder cylinder, working cylinder uses sylphon seal with lifting platform surface, largely
Reduce forming chamber volume.And it is combined with molecular pump, it can be achieved that 10 using mechanical pump-3Pa and higher vacuum degree, metal material
It is reacted with oxide and generates brittle oxide and drip molding performance is caused to decline.Meanwhile the present invention is by selective laser melting
(SLM), laser near-net-shape (LENS) or laser melting coating are repaired integrated, share laser, galvanometer, a mechanical device etc.
Resource then can largely reduce production cost, in addition, the present invention is integrated by heating-refrigerating function of substrate, it can be real
Existing powder preheating and drip molding rapid cooling, are effectively formed the regulation and control of part tune shape.In addition, cooling duct is arranged in a substrate, can have
Effect will be heated the substrate to be thermally shielded between working cylinder, hoistable platform.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not used to
The limitation present invention, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention made by all any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.