CN103752825B - Utilize the device and method of metal melting deposition formation thin-walled workpiece - Google Patents
Utilize the device and method of metal melting deposition formation thin-walled workpiece Download PDFInfo
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- CN103752825B CN103752825B CN201310751473.0A CN201310751473A CN103752825B CN 103752825 B CN103752825 B CN 103752825B CN 201310751473 A CN201310751473 A CN 201310751473A CN 103752825 B CN103752825 B CN 103752825B
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Abstract
The invention discloses and a kind ofly utilize the device and method of metal melting deposition formation thin-walled workpiece: comprise metal wire material and wire feed running roller, nozzle does x-y plane motion according to the cross section profile information of thin-walled workpiece, extrude simultaneously and control molten metal fluid flow, the metal liquid of melting is deposited on substrate equably, thin-walled parts cross section profile is formed after quick cooling, after one formable layer completes, substrate declines the height of a cross-sectional layers, carry out the deposition of lower one deck again, circulation like this, finally obtain the product prototype of metal thin-wall structural member, there is process flexibility high, constant product quality, heat affected area is little, workpiece thermal deformation is little, the advantage that following process amount is little, effectively improve manufacture efficiency and the performance of thin-walled workpiece, and greatly reduce manufacturing cost, improve the possibility that metal melting deposition process carries out producing in batches.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal thin-wall structural member Quick-forming field, particularly utilize metal melting deposition process (FDM) to manufacture the apparatus and method of thin-walled workpiece.
Background technology
Rapid shaping technique is a new and high technology of rising in the later stage eighties 20th century, and it is integrated with the technology of CAD/CAM, numerical control and material science aspect.Its basic thought is: utilize delamination software, the three-dimensional entity model that CAD sets up is cut into series of thin cross-sectional layers, the 2-D data that formation system is formed according to each cross-sectional layers, adopt the means such as bonding (clinkering), polymerization or chemical reaction, successively solidified liquid (or bonding solid) material selectively, thus rapid accumulation goes out physical model.Quick shaping process comparatively ripe at present has: stereolithography (SL), laminated solid mass manufacture (LOM), selective laser sintering (SLS), fused glass pellet (FDM).Wherein FDM is a kind of quick, safe, cheap quick shaping process, and it has easy operation, nonpoisonous and tasteless advantage.Because this technique has above-mentioned remarkable advantage, develop very rapid.Current FDM system accounts for 30% in the mounted rapid prototyping system in the whole world.
So far, thin-walled parts majority is the vital part of product.In Aerospace Products, General Requirements physical dimension is large, lightweight, precision is high, and therefore thin-walled parts is also more some more.Such as, wing just belongs to typical thin-walled parts, domestic at present have the higher thin-walled parts of a lot of required precision mostly to adopt traditional car, milling, plane, mill to complete, there is the situation adopting UVC and High-speed Machining Technology etc. to carry out manufacturing processing abroad, but these methods very easily produce distortion in the mill, be difficult to meet required precision, have a strong impact on product quality, thus quick, the high accuracy of thin-walled parts process a great problem be still in machine-building.In addition, in the design and manufaction of wing, in order to weight reduction, phenomenon foamed plastics or different types of honeycomb applied as sandwich structure core is more common, but such structure too increases operation and the time of processing.
The current material therefor of fusion sediment method is the wire rod of paraffin, plastics, pottery etc. or powder material mainly.In fuse wire, main material is ABS, artificial rubber, casting wax and poly-extremely hot thermoplastic plastic.The California, USA university product that metallic aluminium fusion sediment obtains improves 30% than fine aluminium block tensile strength, and hardness improves 100%, and product micro-structural obtains remarkable refinement.But at present, utilizing fused deposition method (FDM) to manufacture thin-walled workpiece, is particularly that raw-material method had not also been appeared in the newspapers and led with metal wire material.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of device and method utilizing metal melting deposition formation thin-walled workpiece.
For achieving the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme.
A kind of device utilizing metal melting deposition formation thin-walled workpiece, the device of this shaping thin-walled workpiece comprises substrate and metal melting deposition module, described metal melting deposition module comprises support, the screwed pipe be arranged on support, the heating tube that is arranged at the heat block on screwed pipe and is arranged in heat block, the port of export of screwed pipe is provided with the nozzle relative with substrate, and the arrival end of screwed pipe is provided with wire feeder.
The surfacing of described substrate, the sustainable heating of substrate.
Described metal melting deposition module is arranged at the top of substrate, and metal melting deposition module can move horizontally, substrate liftable.
Described substrate and metal melting deposition module are arranged at and are filled with in the protective cover of protective gas, and the cross section profile of thin-walled workpiece completes shaping in the environment being filled with protective gas.
The device of described shaping thin-walled workpiece also comprises the front heating device for forming homogeneous temperature field between the exit and substrate of nozzle.
The above-mentioned method utilizing the device shaping thin-walled workpiece of metal melting deposition formation thin-walled workpiece, comprises the following steps:
1) heating tube is utilized to make heat block be warming up to the temperature of setting;
2) after step 1), be moulding material with metal wire material, utilize wire feeder to be carried to nozzle by the entrance of metal wire material from screwed pipe, metal wire material becomes molten metal by the role transformation of heat block temperature in the process of conveying; Simultaneously, described metal melting deposition module is made to do plane motion according to the cross section profile information of thin-walled workpiece, make molten metal flow out from nozzle and be deposited on substrate in plane motion process, after being deposited on the molten metal cooling on substrate, form one deck cross section profile of thin-walled workpiece;
3) make substrate decline the height of one deck cross section profile, then utilize the molten metal flowed out in nozzle to carry out the deposition of next layer cross section profile, make next layer cross section profile be formed on the cross section profile on substrate;
4) step 3) is repeated until obtain complete thin-walled workpiece.
Before deposition ground floor cross section profile, the temperature of substrate is adjusted to as far as possible close to but be less than the fusing point of plated metal, before obtaining complete thin-walled workpiece, keep the temperature of substrate.
The flow of molten metal is controlled by nozzle and wire feed rate.
The diameter of described metal wire material at grade to micron order.
Described molten metal flows out in the process be deposited on substrate or cross section profile from nozzle, and molten metal is solidified gradually by molten condition under extraneous homogeneous temperature field effect.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
The present invention adopts screwed pipe, nozzle and heat block and heating tube to realize motlten metal silk material and exports shaping metal liquid, not only rational in infrastructure, cost is low, easy maintenance, and the restive problem of metallic material state can be solved, make metal wire material change liquid metal into smoothly and be deposited on substrate, and coordinate acquisition by the stacked complete thin-walled workpiece formed of plane SH wave structure by the lifting of substrate.
Metal wire material is delivered to nozzle by wire feeder and is heated to molten state by the present invention, nozzle does x-y plane motion according to the cross section profile information of thin-walled workpiece, control molten metal fluid flow simultaneously, the metal liquid of thickness is deposited on substrate equably, thin-walled parts cross section profile is formed after quick cooling, after one formable layer completes, substrate declines the height of a cross-sectional layers, carry out the deposition of lower one deck again, circulation like this, finally obtain the product prototype of metal thin-wall structural member, owing to have employed the principle of fusion sediment, and employ metal as moulding material, therefore, there is process flexibility high, constant product quality, heat affected area is little, workpiece thermal deformation is little, the advantage that following process amount is little, effectively improve manufacture efficiency and the performance of thin-walled workpiece, and greatly reduce manufacturing cost, improve the possibility that fused deposition method carries out producing in batches.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that the present invention utilizes metal melting deposition process shaping thin-walled workpiece;
Fig. 2 is the Electron microscope figure that same cladding layer multiplication factor is different; A () is amplification 40 times; B () is amplification 120 times;
In figure: 1, substrate; 2, front heating device; 3, nozzle; 4, heat block; 5, heating tube; 6, support; 7, screwed pipe; 8, metal wire material; 9, wire feeder.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
See Fig. 1, the device of metal melting deposition formation thin-walled workpiece that utilizes of the present invention comprises substrate 1 and metal melting deposition module, the surfacing of described substrate 1, the sustainable heating of substrate 1, described metal melting deposition module is arranged at the top of substrate 1, metal melting deposition module can move horizontally, substrate 1 liftable; Described metal melting deposition module comprises support 6, the screwed pipe 7 be arranged on support 6, the heating tube 5 that is arranged at the heat block 4 on screwed pipe 7 and is arranged in heat block 4, the port of export of screwed pipe 7 is provided with the nozzle 3 relative with substrate 1, and the arrival end of screwed pipe 7 is provided with wire feeder 9; The device of described shaping thin-walled workpiece also comprises the front heating device 2 for forming homogeneous temperature field between the exit of nozzle 3 and substrate 1.
Described substrate 1 and metal melting deposition module can be arranged at and be filled with in the protective cover of protective gas, and the cross section profile of thin-walled workpiece completes shaping in the environment being filled with protective gas.
Based on the device of above-mentioned shaping thin-walled workpiece, the invention provides a kind of method utilizing metal melting deposition formation thin-walled workpiece, its Forming Theory is: metal wire material delivers to nozzle by wire feed running roller (wire feeder) by screwed pipe, and heat block (being specially heated aluminum block) inside is provided with heating tube.Different according to metal wire material fusing point, by regulating different temperature, when making metal wire material deliver to nozzle, can be heated to molten state.Nozzle does x-y plane motion according to the cross section profile information of thin-walled workpiece, extrude simultaneously and control the flow of motlten metal, the metal liquid of thickness is deposited on the substrate of preheating equably, quick cooling forms the cross section profile of layer of metal thin-walled workpiece afterwards, after one formable layer completes, carry out the deposition of lower one deck again, so circulate, finally obtain the product prototype of metal thin-wall structural member.
The above-mentioned method utilizing metal melting deposition formation thin-walled workpiece, comprises the following steps:
1) heating tube 5 is utilized to make heat block 4 be warming up to the temperature of setting; 2) after step 1), with metal wire material 8 for moulding material, utilize wire feeder that metal wire material 8(common metal silk material diameter is less than 2mm) to carry from the entrance of screwed pipe 7 to nozzle 3, metal wire material 8 becomes molten metal by the role transformation of heat block temperature in the process of conveying; Simultaneously, described metal melting deposition module is made to do plane motion according to the cross section profile information of thin-walled workpiece, nozzle is one of part of metal melting deposition module, metal melting deposition module is moved, then nozzle also does corresponding motion, make molten metal flow out from nozzle 3 and deposit on substrate 1 in plane motion process, after deposition molten metal cooling on substrate 1, form one deck cross section profile of thin-walled workpiece; 3) make substrate 1 decline the height of one deck cross section profile, then utilize the molten metal flowed out in nozzle 3 to carry out the deposition of next layer cross section profile, on the cross section profile that next layer cross section profile is shaped on substrate 1; 4) step 3) is repeated until obtain complete thin-walled workpiece.
In the method, before deposition ground floor cross section profile, the temperature of substrate 1 is adjusted to as far as possible close to but be less than the fusing point of plated metal, make to be deposited on cross section profile on substrate close to molten state, before obtaining complete thin-walled workpiece, keep the temperature of substrate 1, controlled the flow of molten metal by nozzle 3 and wire feed rate; Described molten metal flows out in the process be deposited on substrate or cross section profile from nozzle 3, and molten metal is solidified gradually by molten condition under extraneous homogeneous temperature field effect.
Be specifically introduced below: as shown in Figure 1, in thin-walled workpiece forming process, with metal wire material 8 for moulding material, metal wire material 8 enters screwed pipe 7 until nozzle 3 by wire feed running roller, screwed pipe 7 is located by support 6, it is the heat block 4 that heating tube 5 is equipped with in inside outside screwed pipe 7, screwed pipe 7, nozzle 2, support 6, heating tube 5 and heat block 4 are fixed together, nozzle, heat block, support, screwed pipe and wire feed running roller etc. are all arranged on the top of substrate, the mass motion on x-y direction can be realized, substrate 1 is fixed on the workbench that can move up and down, not interfering also can the coordinated movement of various economic factors mutually to ensure each other (moving up and down between the motion of x-y direction of substrate) by separate control system.Different according to metal wire material fusing point, different temperature can be carried out by heating tube to heat block to regulate, melt when making metal wire material deliver to nozzle segment and formed melt liquid and extruded by nozzle, nozzle does x-y plane motion according to the cross section profile information of thin-walled workpiece under control of the computer, the melt liquid (molten drop) extruded is deposited into the upper surface of substrate 1 with certain speed v, such metal melting material is just optionally deposited on substrate 1.After quick cooling, (it is very fast that metal itself solidifies) forms one deck thin-walled workpiece (such as wing) cross section profile (cross-sectional layers), substrate 1 is fixed on the workbench that can move up and down, according to the control of computer, after one formable layer completes, substrate declines the height of a cross-sectional layers, carry out the deposition of lower one deck again, so circulate, finally obtain the product prototype of thin-walled workpiece.The method is adopted to substantially increase the forming property of thin-walled workpiece.
For avoiding, in forming process, burning occurs, whole shaping should be carried out in the protective cover that the protective gas such as argon gas or nitrogen is housed.
The parameters such as the thickness of every one deck deposition can control its optimum configurations by computer, carry out regulating and optimizing according to part requirements.
Preheating is carried out to substrate, the amalgamation of metal drop and substrate can be ensured, the temperature after basal plate preheating as far as possible close to and lower than the fusing point of metal wire material.In forming process, substrate keeps the temperature of preheating always.
The present invention with solder stick (metal wire material) for research object has carried out preliminary test, make it to be formed the substrate that to drip to respectively after molten drop and do not heat and be heated on below fusing point about 5 DEG C substrates contrast when being heated to more than solder stick fusing point, cut sample respectively and carry out Metallographic Analysis (perpendicular to shaping track length direction).Corrode with ferric trichloride aqueous hydrochloric acid solution after sand papering, then utilize Electronic Speculum to sprawl state to it and interior tissue compares, as shown in Figure 2.Visualization result is obtained by test, when base plate heating deposits to close to during metal wire material fusing point, now molten drop and substrate best in conjunction with effect, can melt together well, and not when the substrate of preheating carries out molten drop deposition, molten drop solidifies very soon, can not well merge with substrate, easily causes the final thin-walled workpiece distortion be shaped.
Install front heating device at jet expansion near workpiece place, front heating device provides uniform temperature field.
In addition, through test, the present invention also show that droplet size is less, and the precision forming product is higher.Meanwhile, the roughness of substrate is larger, is more unfavorable for sprawling of molten drop, also makes molten drop and substrate well not merge.
The parameters such as the temperature of the diameter of metal wire material, nozzle diameter and deposition velocity, substrate can carry out regulating and optimizing according to part requirements.
Metal wire material is moulding material, and for ensureing forming accuracy, its diameter is generally less than 2mm and even arrives micron order.
The heat block 4 of the present invention with heating tube 5 instead of laser instrument, keep molten metal material just on fusing point, the motion of nozzle controls by CAD individual-layer data, when it moves along x-y direction, the metal wire material of molten state squeezes out from nozzle, and solidify the thin layer forming contour shape, every layer thickness scope is at 0.025-0.762mm, one stacked one deck, finally forms the model of thin-walled workpiece.Another innovative point of the present invention adopts metal wire material.Its maximum advantage is the stability of size, is not only easily shaped, and forming accuracy is high, the tanning by the sun of time and environment all can not change be shaped after the size of workpiece or other feature.After reaching indoor temperature, size is changeless.Except These characteristics, after adding front heating device, the thin-walled workpiece be shaped achieves unexpected improvement effect in performance: make melt liquid slow down process of setting after mass flowing nozzle on the one hand, the structural member of shaping is made to be in comparatively uniform temperature field on the other hand, motlten metal gradually cooled and solidified completes deposition, reduces formation of parts internal stress, strengthens the fusion of part layer and interlayer, avoid the final thin-walled workpiece inside be shaped to have hole, thus avoid cracking.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) need not use expensive laser instrument, and safeguards simple, and cost is low.(2) metal wire material is changed easily in forming process.Adopt metal wire material direct forming, after processing, just wire can be taken away.Waste of material can not be caused.(3) shaping speed is very fast, by test, has the model of some design feature, and the highest shaping speed is own through reaching 60cm
3/ h, by software optimization and technological progress, expectation can reach 200cm
3the high speed of/h.
The present invention is not only a kind of new method that thin-walled workpiece manufactures, and is fused deposition method (FDM) innovation in material.Process by the method, flexibility is high, constant product quality, and heat affected area is little, and workpiece thermal deformation is little, and following process amount is little, effectively improves thin-walled workpiece performance, and greatly reduces manufacturing cost.
Claims (10)
1. one kind utilizes the device of metal melting deposition formation thin-walled workpiece, it is characterized in that: the device of this shaping thin-walled workpiece comprises substrate (1) and metal melting deposition module, described metal melting deposition module comprises support (6), the screwed pipe (7) be arranged on support (6), the heating tube (5) that is arranged at the heat block (4) on screwed pipe (7) and is arranged in heat block (4), the port of export of screwed pipe (7) is provided with the nozzle (3) relative with substrate (1), and the arrival end of screwed pipe (7) is provided with wire feeder (9).
2. a kind of device utilizing metal melting deposition formation thin-walled workpiece according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the surfacing of described substrate (1), substrate (1) sustainable heating.
3. a kind of device utilizing metal melting deposition formation thin-walled workpiece according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described metal melting deposition module is arranged at the top of substrate (1), metal melting deposition module can move horizontally, substrate (1) liftable.
4. a kind of device utilizing metal melting deposition formation thin-walled workpiece according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: described substrate (1) and metal melting deposition module are arranged at and are filled with in the protective cover of protective gas, the cross section profile of thin-walled workpiece completes shaping in the environment being filled with protective gas.
5. a kind of device utilizing metal melting deposition formation thin-walled workpiece according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the device of described shaping thin-walled workpiece also comprises the front heating device (2) for forming homogeneous temperature field between the exit of nozzle (3) and substrate (1).
6. utilize a method for the device shaping thin-walled workpiece of metal melting deposition formation thin-walled workpiece as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) heating tube (5) is utilized to make heat block (4) be warming up to the temperature of setting;
2) after step 1), with metal wire material (8) for moulding material, utilize wire feeder (9) to be carried from the entrance of screwed pipe (7) to nozzle (3) by metal wire material (8), metal wire material (8) becomes molten metal by the role transformation of heat block temperature in the process of conveying; Simultaneously, described metal melting deposition module is made to do plane motion according to the cross section profile information of thin-walled workpiece, make molten metal flow out from nozzle (3) and be deposited on substrate (1) in plane motion process, after being deposited on the molten metal cooling on substrate (1), form one deck cross section profile of thin-walled workpiece;
3) make the height of substrate (1) decline one deck cross section profile, then utilize the molten metal flowed out in nozzle (3) to carry out the deposition of next layer cross section profile, on the cross section profile that next layer cross section profile is formed on substrate (1);
4) step 3) is repeated until obtain complete thin-walled workpiece.
7. utilize the method for the device shaping thin-walled workpiece of metal melting deposition formation thin-walled workpiece according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: before deposition ground floor cross section profile, the temperature of substrate (1) is adjusted to as far as possible close to but be less than the fusing point of plated metal, before obtaining complete thin-walled workpiece, keep the temperature of substrate (1).
8. utilize the method for the device shaping thin-walled workpiece of metal melting deposition formation thin-walled workpiece according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the flow being controlled molten metal by nozzle (3) and wire feed rate.
9. utilize the method for the device shaping thin-walled workpiece of metal melting deposition formation thin-walled workpiece according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the diameter of described metal wire material (8) at grade to micron order.
10. utilize the method for the device shaping thin-walled workpiece of metal melting deposition formation thin-walled workpiece according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described molten metal flows out in the process be deposited on substrate or cross section profile from nozzle (3), molten metal is solidified gradually by molten condition under extraneous homogeneous temperature field effect.
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| CN2564336Y (en) * | 2002-04-04 | 2003-08-06 | 同济大学 | Spiral extrusion injector for fast forming system |
| CN1586862A (en) * | 2004-08-06 | 2005-03-02 | 同济大学 | Crew extruding table type quick forming machine |
| DE102010054824A1 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2012-06-21 | Kai Parthy | Print head for rapid prototyping printer for extruding thermoplastic or reactive plastic wires, has heating unit in which wire supply openings are inserted, where wires are supplied or retracted via openings |
| CN103112166B (en) * | 2013-02-17 | 2015-06-17 | 磐纹科技（上海）有限公司 | Extrusion device applied to fused deposition modeling high speed 3D (Three Dimensional) printer |
| CN103331840B (en) * | 2013-06-05 | 2015-10-14 | 吴江中瑞机电科技有限公司 | A kind of resin material wire feeder for three-dimensional printer |
-
2013
- 2013-12-31 CN CN201310751473.0A patent/CN103752825B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021204295A1 (en) | 2021-04-29 | 2022-11-03 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Gob applicator and method for producing molten metal gobs |
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| CN103752825A (en) | 2014-04-30 |
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