CN108500266B - 7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing method and system - Google Patents
7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108500266B CN108500266B CN201810356248.XA CN201810356248A CN108500266B CN 108500266 B CN108500266 B CN 108500266B CN 201810356248 A CN201810356248 A CN 201810356248A CN 108500266 B CN108500266 B CN 108500266B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/22—Driving means
- B22F12/222—Driving means for motion along a direction orthogonal to the plane of a layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
- B22F12/43—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam pulsed; frequency modulated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/22—Direct deposition of molten metal
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Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of metal part processing, and provides a 7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing method and a system, wherein laser and indirect electric arc are used as heating sources of wire materials in the method, so that respective advantages of the laser and the indirect electric arc can be fully exerted, and low heat input and high fusion rate are taken into consideration; meanwhile, the 7000 series aluminum alloy is synthesized by using heterogeneous three wires, so that the problem that the 7000 series aluminum alloy wire-shaped raw material is difficult to prepare is solved, and the defect of low forming efficiency caused by adopting powdery raw material is overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal part machining, and particularly relates to a 7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing method and system.
Background
Additive manufacturing is commonly known as 3D printing, and is a manufacturing technology which integrates computer aided design, material processing and forming technology, is based on a digital model file, and is used for stacking special metal materials, non-metal materials and medical biological materials layer by layer through software and a numerical control system according to modes of extrusion, sintering, melting, photocuring, spraying and the like to manufacture solid objects. Compared with the traditional processing mode of removing, cutting and assembling raw materials, the method is a manufacturing method through material accumulation from bottom to top, and is from top to bottom. This enables the manufacture of complex structural components that were previously constrained by conventional manufacturing methods and were not possible.
With the rapid development of advanced manufacturing technology, metal additive manufacturing methods using laser, electron beams and electric arcs as heating heat sources are continuously emerged, and the methods have wide application prospects in the fields of aerospace, biomedicine, energy chemical engineering, micro-nano manufacturing and the like, but the methods have obvious defects when applied to 7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing: if the raw materials adopt powder, the deposition efficiency is low; the 7000 series aluminum alloy adopting the wire material has difficulty in preparing the wire material due to the super-strong mechanical property.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a 7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing method and system, so as to solve the problems of difficulty in raw material preparation and low deposition efficiency in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
establishing a geometric model for a metal part to be manufactured, and performing layered dispersion;
connecting the heterogeneous double wires with two electrodes of an indirect arc power supply respectively, and forming indirect arcs between the heterogeneous double wires;
melting the heterogeneous dual wires by using indirect electric arc energy to form molten drops, and irradiating the molten drops by using pulse laser to generate evaporation recoil force to assist the molten drops to be transferred to a molten pool;
feeding a third wire and mixed powder into a molten pool by using a wire powder coaxial device, mixing a molten drop formed by melting heterogeneous double wires and the third wire in the molten pool to realize the composition of 7000 series aluminum alloy, forming ceramic particles on the 7000 series aluminum alloy melt by the mixed powder, and promoting the formation of isometric crystals and the grain refinement of the ceramic particles in the solidification process of the molten pool until the solid position is solidified and formed;
the three-dimensional movement mechanism moves to the next solid position of the workpiece along the XY horizontal direction until the metal wire is formed at all solid positions of the current layer in the workpiece;
the three-dimensional movement mechanism moves one layer height along the Z direction until the metal wire is formed on each layer solid position in the workpiece and is stacked into an entity;
removing the base material at the bottom of the solid to obtain the 7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing part with the isometric crystal structure.
Further, the heterogeneous double wires are 2219 aluminum alloy wire with the diameter of 1.2mm and 5183 aluminum alloy wire with the diameter of 1.2 mm.
Further, the wire feeding speed of the heterogeneous double wires is 0.1-15 m/min.
Further, the mixed powder is 200-mesh titanium powder and boron carbide powder.
Further, the third wire is a zinc wire with a diameter of 0.8 mm.
Further, the wire feeding speed of the third wire is 0.1-15 m/min.
Further, the powder feeding speed of the mixed powder is 0 to 50 g/min.
Further, the output current of the indirect arc power supply is square wave current, and the peak current is 20-300 amperes.
Further, the ceramic particles are TiB2Ceramic particles and TiC ceramic particles.
The utility model provides a 7000 series aluminum alloy vibration material disk system, includes heterogeneous double filament, indirect electric arc power, wire drive feed unit, the coaxial feed arrangement of silk powder, laser instrument, three-dimensional motion control system and substrate, heterogeneous double filament is connected respectively two electrodes of indirect electric arc power, heterogeneous double filament with the coaxial feed arrangement of silk powder all is located the upper portion of substrate, heterogeneous double filament is installed in the wire drive feed unit, indirect electric arc power the laser instrument wire drive feed arrangement with the coaxial feed arrangement of silk powder all connects three-dimensional motion device.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: according to the invention, by designing the 7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing method, the laser and the indirect electric arc are used as heating sources of the wire material, so that the respective advantages of the laser and the indirect electric arc can be fully exerted, and meanwhile, the low heat input and the high melting rate are considered; meanwhile, the 7000 series aluminum alloy is synthesized by using heterogeneous three wires, so that the problem that the 7000 series aluminum alloy wire-shaped raw material is difficult to prepare is solved, and the defect of low forming efficiency caused by adopting powdery raw material is overcome.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a logic flow diagram of a 7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a 7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. heterogeneous double filaments; 2. an indirect arc power supply; 3. a three-dimensional motion control system; 4. a laser; 5. a silk powder coaxial feeding device; 6. a substrate; 7. carrying out molten dripping; 8. a molten bath.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.
In order to explain the technical means of the present invention, the following description will be given by way of specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a logic flow diagram of a 7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided, and the 7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing method includes the following steps:
step S101, establishing a geometric model for the metal part to be manufactured, and performing layered dispersion.
And step S102, connecting the heterogeneous double wires 1 with two electrodes of an indirect arc power supply 2 respectively, and forming indirect arcs between the heterogeneous double wires 1.
And step S103, melting the heterogeneous dual-wire 1 by using indirect arc energy to form a molten drop 7, and irradiating the molten drop 7 by using pulse laser to generate evaporation recoil force to assist the molten drop 7 to transit to the molten pool 8.
And step S104, feeding the third wire and the mixed powder into a molten pool 8 by using a wire-powder coaxial device, mixing the molten drops 7 formed by melting the heterogeneous double wires 1 and the third wire in the molten pool 8 to realize the composition of 7000 series aluminum alloy, forming ceramic particles on the 7000 series aluminum alloy melt by the mixed powder, and promoting the formation of isometric crystals and the grain refinement of the ceramic particles in the solidification process of the molten pool 8 until the solid position is solidified and formed.
And S105, moving the three-dimensional moving mechanism to the next solid position of the workpiece along the XY horizontal direction until the metal wire is formed at all the solid positions of the layer in the workpiece.
And S106, moving the three-dimensional motion mechanism by one layer height along the Z direction until the metal wire is formed at each solid position in the workpiece and stacked into a solid.
And S107, removing the base material 6 at the bottom of the solid body to obtain the 7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing part with the isometric crystal structure.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:
(1) compared with a composite heat source of laser and traditional electric arc, the composite heat source of laser and indirect electric arc is used as a heat source of metal wire materials, so that respective advantages of laser and indirect electric arc can be fully exerted, and low heat input and high deposition rate are considered.
(2) By using heterogeneous three-wire to synthesize 7000 series aluminum alloy, the problem of difficulty in preparing 7000 series aluminum alloy wire-shaped raw materials is solved, and the defect of low forming efficiency caused by adopting powdery raw materials is overcome.
(3) The mixed powder is used for forming ceramic particles on the aluminum alloy melt, so that the formation of an equiaxial crystal structure and the grain refinement in the solidification process can be promoted.
As shown in fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of a 7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing system according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided, where the 7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing system includes a heterogeneous dual-wire 1, an indirect arc power supply 2, a wire feeding device, a wire powder coaxial feeding device 5, a laser 4, a three-dimensional motion control system 3, and a substrate 6, the heterogeneous dual-wire 1 is respectively connected to two electrodes of the indirect arc power supply 2, the heterogeneous dual-wire 1 and the wire powder coaxial feeding device 5 are both located on an upper portion of the substrate 6, the heterogeneous dual-wire 1 is installed in the wire feeding device, and the indirect arc power supply 2, the laser 4, the wire feeding device, and the wire powder coaxial feeding device 5 are all connected to the three-dimensional motion device. During operation, heterogeneous pair of silk 1 is owing to connect indirect electric arc power supply 2, forms indirect electric arc between the two and forms heterogeneous pair of silk 1 droplet 7, and laser instrument 4 shines droplet 7 and produces evaporation recoil force and assist droplet 7 and pass through to molten bath 8, and the coaxial advancing device 5 of silk powder is with third silk and mixed powder feeding molten bath 8, and droplet 7 and the third silk that heterogeneous pair of silk 1 formed form the composition constitution of 7000 series aluminum alloy in molten bath 8, and the mixed powder forms ceramic particle on 7000 series aluminum alloy. Then the three-dimensional motion control system 3 controls the three-dimensional motion mechanism to move according to the set coordinates to finally form the 7000 series aluminum alloy parts.
The 7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing system uses the laser-indirect electric arc composite heat source to manufacture the 7000 series aluminum alloy workpiece, can give full play to the respective advantages of the laser and the indirect electric arc, and simultaneously gives consideration to low heat input and high fusion rate; meanwhile, the 7000 series aluminum alloy is synthesized by using heterogeneous three wires, so that the problem that the 7000 series aluminum alloy wire-shaped raw material is difficult to prepare is solved, and the defect of low forming efficiency caused by adopting powdery raw material is overcome.
In one embodiment of the invention, the wire feeding speed of the heterogeneous double wire 1 is 0.1-15 m/min, the wire feeding speed of the third wire is 0.1-15 m/min, and the powder feeding speed of the mixed powder is 0-50 g/min. The wire feeding speed, the third wire feeding speed and the powder feeding speed of the heterogeneous double-wire 1 are all adjustable, and the speed is set according to the model of 7000 series aluminum alloy produced actually specifically so as to meet the composition of 7000 series aluminum alloy.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the mixed powder is 200 mesh titanium powder and boron carbide powder. TiB is formed on 7000 series aluminum alloy melt by titanium powder and boron carbide powder2The ceramic particles and TiC ceramic particles can promote the formation of an equiaxial crystal structure and the grain refinement in the solidification process.
The following description is provided by way of example of an additive manufacturing process for producing 7050 aluminum alloy:
(1) establishing a geometric model for a metal part to be manufactured, and performing layered dispersion; the software in the computer completes the slicing processing of the workpiece model, and controls the three-dimensional motion control system 3 after generating each layer of data of the workpiece.
(2) 2219 aluminum alloy wire materials and 5183 aluminum alloy wire materials with the diameters of 1.2mm of the heterogeneous double wires 1 are respectively connected with two electrodes of the indirect arc power supply 2, an indirect electric arc is formed between the heterogeneous double wires 1, and the current amplitude value is 100A, the wire feeding speed of the 2219 aluminum alloy wire materials is 2.1m/min, and the wire feeding speed of the 5183 aluminum alloy wire materials is 3.4 m/min.
(3) The heterogeneous dual-filament 1 is melted by the energy of the indirect electric arc to form a molten drop 7, pulse laser generated by the fiber laser 4 irradiates the molten drop 7 to generate evaporation recoil force to assist the molten drop 7 to transit to a molten pool 8, the frequency of the pulse laser is 30Hz, and the power is 1000W.
(4) Third wire (Zn wire material) and mixed powder (Ti and B) by means of a wire powder coaxial apparatus4C) Feeding into a molten pool 8, wherein molten drops 7 formed by melting heterogeneous twin wires 1 and Zn wire material realize the composition of 7000 series aluminum alloy (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) in the molten pool 8, Ti and B4Formation of TiB from C powder on Al alloy melt2Ceramic particles and TiC ceramic particles, the wire feeding speed of the Zn wire is 0.6m/min, and Ti and B4The powder feeding speed of the C powder is 5g/min, and the TiB powder2The ceramic particles and TiC ceramic particles promote the formation of isometric crystals and the grain refinement in the solidification process of the molten pool 8 until the solid position is solidified and formed.
(5) The three-dimensional movement mechanism 10 moves to the next solid position of the part along the XY horizontal direction until the metal wire is formed at all the solid positions of the current layer in the part.
(6) The three-dimensional motion mechanism 10 moves one layer height along the Z direction until the metal wire is formed on each solid position of each layer in the part and stacked into a solid body.
(7) And removing the base material 6 at the bottom of the solid to obtain the 7050 aluminum alloy additive manufacturing part with the isometric crystal structure.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
establishing a geometric model for a metal part to be manufactured, and performing layered dispersion;
connecting the heterogeneous double wires with two electrodes of an indirect arc power supply respectively, and forming indirect arcs between the heterogeneous double wires;
melting the heterogeneous dual wires by using indirect electric arc energy to form molten drops, and irradiating the molten drops by using pulse laser to generate evaporation recoil force to assist the molten drops to be transferred to a molten pool;
feeding a third wire and mixed powder into a molten pool by using a wire powder coaxial device, mixing a molten drop formed by melting heterogeneous double wires and the third wire in the molten pool to realize the composition of 7000 series aluminum alloy, forming ceramic particles on the 7000 series aluminum alloy melt by the mixed powder, and promoting the formation of isometric crystals and the grain refinement of the ceramic particles in the solidification process of the molten pool until the solid position is solidified and formed;
the three-dimensional movement mechanism moves to the next solid position of the workpiece along the XY horizontal direction until the metal wire is formed at all solid positions of the current layer in the workpiece;
the three-dimensional movement mechanism moves one layer height along the Z direction until the metal wire is formed on each layer solid position in the workpiece and is stacked into an entity;
removing the base material at the bottom of the solid to obtain a 7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing part with an isometric crystal structure;
wherein the heterogeneous double wires comprise 2219 aluminum alloy wire and 5183 aluminum alloy wire;
the third wire comprises a zinc wire material;
the mixed powder comprises titanium powder and boron carbide powder;
accordingly, the forming of ceramic particles from the mixed powder on a 7000 series aluminum alloy melt comprises:
the titanium powder and the carbideBoron powder forming TiB on 7000 series aluminum alloy melt2Ceramic particles and TiC ceramic particles.
2. The 7000-series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein the heterogeneous dual wires are a 2219 aluminum alloy wire with a diameter of 1.2mm and a 5183 aluminum alloy wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm.
3. The 7000-series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein the wire feed speed of the heterogeneous twin wires is 0.1-15 m/min.
4. The 7000-series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the mixed powder is 200-mesh titanium powder and boron carbide powder.
5. The 7000-series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein the third wire is a 0.8 mm diameter zinc wire.
6. The 7000-series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein the third wire has a wire feed speed of 0.1-15 m/min.
7. The 7000-series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein a powder feeding speed of the mixed powder is greater than 0 g/min and not greater than 50 g/min.
8. The 7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein the indirect arc power supply output current is a square wave current, and the peak current is 20-300 amperes.
9. A7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing system is characterized by comprising heterogeneous double wires, an indirect electric arc power supply, a wire feeding device, a wire powder coaxial feeding device, a laser, a three-dimensional motion control system and a base material, wherein the heterogeneous double wires are respectively connected with two electrodes of the indirect electric arc power supply, the heterogeneous double wires and the wire powder coaxial feeding device are both positioned on the upper portion of the base material, the heterogeneous double wires are installed in the wire feeding device, and the indirect electric arc power supply, the laser, the wire feeding device and the wire powder coaxial feeding device are all connected with the three-dimensional motion device;
establishing a geometric model for a metal part to be manufactured, and performing layered dispersion;
connecting heterogeneous double wires in the wire feeding device with two electrodes of an indirect arc power supply respectively, and forming indirect arcs between the heterogeneous double wires;
melting the heterogeneous dual wires by using indirect electric arc energy to form molten drops, and irradiating the molten drops by using pulse laser of the laser to generate evaporation recoil force to assist the molten drops to be transferred to a molten pool;
feeding a third wire and mixed powder into a molten pool by using a wire powder coaxial feeding device, wherein molten drops formed by melting heterogeneous double wires and the third wire are mixed in the molten pool to realize the composition of 7000 series aluminum alloy, the mixed powder forms ceramic particles on the 7000 series aluminum alloy melt, and the ceramic particles promote the formation of isometric crystals and the grain refinement in the solidification process of the molten pool until the solid position is solidified and formed;
the three-dimensional control system controls the three-dimensional movement mechanism, and the three-dimensional movement mechanism moves to the next solid position of the workpiece along the XY horizontal direction until the metal wire is formed at all the solid positions of the current layer in the workpiece;
the three-dimensional movement mechanism moves one layer height along the Z direction until the metal wire is formed on each layer solid position in the workpiece and is stacked into an entity;
removing the base material at the bottom of the solid to obtain a 7000 series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing part with an isometric crystal structure;
wherein the heterogeneous double wires comprise 2219 aluminum alloy wire and 5183 aluminum alloy wire;
the third wire comprises a zinc wire material;
the mixed powder comprises titanium powder and boron carbide powder;
accordingly, the forming of ceramic particles from the mixed powder on a 7000 series aluminum alloy melt comprises:
the titanium powder and the boron carbide powder form TiB on 7000 series aluminum alloy melt2Ceramic particles and TiC ceramic particles.
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