CN108994459B - Gear oil pump laser-electric arc composite heterogeneous additive manufacturing system and method - Google Patents
Gear oil pump laser-electric arc composite heterogeneous additive manufacturing system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108994459B CN108994459B CN201811108233.8A CN201811108233A CN108994459B CN 108994459 B CN108994459 B CN 108994459B CN 201811108233 A CN201811108233 A CN 201811108233A CN 108994459 B CN108994459 B CN 108994459B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
Abstract
The invention discloses a gear oil pump laser-electric arc composite heterogeneous additive manufacturing system and a method, wherein the system comprises: the system comprises an industrial control computer, a cooling water pump, a laser control cabinet, a robot control cabinet, an electric arc welding machine, an additive manufacturing device, a wire feeder, a substrate and a numerical control workbench; the additive manufacturing device comprises an electric arc nozzle, a cooling water inlet, a composite wire feeding head, a laser outlet, a welding wire M2, a welding wire M1, a laser head, a wire feeding nozzle, an electric arc welding gun and a cooling water outlet; the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: generating a single-layer additive roll mark, installing a substrate, setting process parameters, preparing before additive manufacturing, manufacturing heterogeneous and simple substance additive areas and processing after additive manufacturing is finished; the system can be used for laser additive manufacturing, electric arc additive manufacturing and laser-electric arc simple substance and heterogeneous additive manufacturing, the preparation process is simple, the forming efficiency is high, the cost is low, the hardness of the inner side of the prepared gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body blank is high, and the service life is long.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing and electric arc additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a gear oil pump laser-electric arc composite heterogeneous additive manufacturing system and method.
Background
The gear oil pump works by utilizing the meshing rotation of a pair of gears, mainly comprises gears, a shaft, a pump body, a pump cover, a bearing sleeve, a shaft end seal and the like, and is widely applied to industries such as petroleum, chemical engineering, ships, electric power, metallurgy, national defense scientific research and the like.
The gear oil pump is a key device for providing reliable power in a hydraulic system, and the gear oil pump is required to have the characteristics of stable and reliable work, long service life, impact load resistance and the like in a mechanical system; however, in actual work, the pump body of the gear oil pump is often abraded, and the service life and reliability of the gear oil pump are seriously influenced; the gear oil pump body mainly has two wearing modes: firstly, the gear works under the action of pressure oil, and the tooth top of the gear is close to the oil pump shell, so that the low pressure cavity part on the inner side of the pump body is seriously abraded; secondly, the oil is not clean, which causes circumferential abrasion of the working surface in the pump body.
In traditional gear oil pump, the gear has higher hardness and wearability through nitriding treatment usually, and the wearability of working face is then relatively poor in the pump body, can cause the wearing and tearing of working face in the pump body, makes the fit clearance grow between the pump body and gear, causes interior hourglass, and then makes the volumetric efficiency of gear pump descend, and oil pump output is less than input power greatly, and its loss is whole to be changed into heat energy, causes the oil pump overheated, also influences the pump oil ability and the precision of oil pump.
In recent years, with the improvement of the mechanical technical level, an inner heterogeneous pump body and an outer heterogeneous pump body of a gear oil pump are researched, the inner part of the pump body is made of wear-resistant materials, the outer part of the pump body is made of common materials, and the wear resistance and the service life of the gear oil pump are effectively improved by the heterogeneous pump body in the aspect of engineering application.
The hot working processes such as casting, forging and the like adopted by the metal parts are restricted by the material forming process, and the fluidity of the liquid metal and the ductility of the high-temperature metal make the forming of a plurality of materials difficult and the forming quality poor; although the machining precision of the metal part prepared by the mechanical machining method is high, the problems of low material utilization rate, various and complex processes, long production period, high manufacturing cost and the like exist, so that the two manufacturing processes cannot meet the requirements of rapid development and batch production of the gear heterogeneous pump body at present.
The metal additive manufacturing technology is a method for forming a component by utilizing heat sources to melt metal materials and depositing and overlaying the metal materials layer by layer under the drive of CAD software, has the advantages of short production period, low cost, material saving, high manufacturing speed, small influence of the geometric shape of the component and the like, becomes an increasingly attractive solution for quickly manufacturing the metal component, and is suitable for quickly forming the metal component and repairing parts.
The existing mature mainstream metal additive manufacturing method comprises laser additive manufacturing and electric arc additive manufacturing; the laser additive manufacturing technology is mainly a technology for manufacturing solid parts by utilizing laser to irradiate metal powder or metal welding wires to melt the metal powder or the metal welding wires layer by layer and gradually accumulating the melted materials according to corresponding workpiece profiles; the electric arc additive manufacturing technology is characterized in that an electric arc is used as a heat source to melt metal welding wires, then layers are stacked on a substrate according to a set forming path, and the layers are stacked layer by layer until the forming of metal parts is finished; the arc additive manufacturing forming part is made of all-welded seam metal, has high compactness, good metallurgical bonding performance, uniform chemical components and good mechanical property, and has the advantages of low cost, high forming speed, capability of forming large-size structural parts and the like compared with a laser additive manufacturing technology, but the forming precision is relatively poor; the laser additive manufacturing technology has the advantages of higher forming precision, capability of manufacturing parts with complex shapes and the like, but the forming efficiency is lower than that of the former, and the equipment cost is high; considering the aspects of forming efficiency, forming quality, structural mechanical characteristics, adaptability of complex parts and the like, the two additive manufacturing technologies have different characteristics, and the manufacturing requirements of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body blank cannot be met by singly adopting any additive manufacturing mode.
Therefore, it is required to invent a material increase manufacturing system and method with high efficiency, high quality, low cost and strong adaptability, and to realize the capability of material increase manufacturing of mechanical parts in different regions, simple substance material increase manufacturing or heterogeneous material increase manufacturing, so as to realize rapid production of gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body blanks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a gear oil pump laser-electric arc composite heterogeneous additive manufacturing system and method, wherein electric arc additive manufacturing and laser additive manufacturing are combined, the problems of poor electric arc additive manufacturing and forming precision and low laser additive manufacturing and forming efficiency are solved, the inner side of a prepared gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body is good in wear resistance and high in hardness, the system can perform electric arc simple substance additive manufacturing, laser simple substance additive manufacturing and laser-electric arc composite simple substance and heterogeneous additive manufacturing, and the system is simple in preparation process, high in forming efficiency, strong in adaptability and low in cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the gear oil pump laser-electric arc composite heterogeneous material increase manufacturing system comprises: the system comprises an industrial control computer, a cooling water pump, a laser control cabinet, a robot control cabinet, an electric arc welding machine, an additive manufacturing device, a wire feeder, a substrate and a numerical control workbench; the industrial control computer is in signal connection with the laser control cabinet, the arc welding machine, the wire feeder, the robot control cabinet and the numerical control workbench, the laser control cabinet is in signal connection with the laser, and the laser is in laser beam transmission optical fiber connection with the laser head; the arc welding machine is connected with the arc welding gun through a guide pipe, the wire feeder is connected with the wire feeding nozzle through a guide pipe, the robot control cabinet is in signal connection with the robot, the substrate is fixed on the numerical control workbench, and the cooling water pump is connected with the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet through pipelines;
the additive manufacturing device consists of an electric arc nozzle, a cooling water inlet, a composite wire feeding head, a laser outlet, a welding wire M2, a welding wire M1, a laser head, a wire feeding nozzle, an electric arc welding gun and a cooling water outlet; the composite wire feeding head is provided with an arc nozzle, a laser head and a mounting hole of a wire feeding nozzle in sequence compared with the major axis, an arc welding gun is fixed on the composite wire feeding head through the arc nozzle, and a welding wire M1 passes through the arc welding gun; the composite wire feeding head is fixed below the laser head in a threaded manner, the lower outlet of the laser head is a laser outlet, the upper part of the laser head is connected with a laser, and the side surface of the laser head is connected to a flange of a robot; the thread of the wire feeding nozzle is fixed on the composite wire feeding head, and the wire feeder feeds the welding wire M2 to the wire feeding nozzle through a wire feeding pipeline; and two sides of the mounting hole are respectively distributed with a cooling pipeline, and each cooling pipeline is provided with a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet.
Furthermore, the industrial control computer is provided with a track data generation module and a process parameter adjustment module, wherein the track data generation module is used for transmitting layer-level high data and single-layer control point track data to the numerical control workbench so as to adjust the displacement of the substrate; the process parameter adjusting module is used for adjusting the laser power and the defocusing amount of the laser, the wire feeding speed of the wire feeder, the arc voltage of the arc welding gun and the welding current of the arc welding machine.
Furthermore, the included angle between the axis of the arc nozzle and the axis of the laser outlet in the additive manufacturing device is 30 degrees, and the included angle between the axis of the laser outlet and the wire feeding nozzle is 60 degrees.
The laser-electric arc composite heterogeneous additive manufacturing method of the gear oil pump specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, a track data generation module is used for layering a 3D model of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body to obtain a layered model of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body and layer height data, circular interpolation is conducted on the layered model of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body, and a single-layer material increase track of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body is generated;
step two, mounting a substrate:
horizontally mounting the substrate on a numerical control workbench;
setting process parameters by a process parameter adjusting module;
fourthly, the industrial control computer controls the robot through the robot control cabinet to drive the additive manufacturing device to move to the additive manufacturing starting point, and the position of the additive manufacturing device is adjusted to enable the laser beam to be perpendicular to the substrate;
the additive manufacturing starting point is a starting point of heterogeneous additive manufacturing;
step five, manufacturing a heterogeneous material increase area on the inner side of the pump body:
starting a cooling water pump, synchronously sending an instruction to a laser control cabinet, an electric arc welding machine, a wire feeder and a numerical control workbench by an industrial control computer, melting a welding wire M2 by laser, melting a welding wire M1 by the electric arc welding machine to form a combined molten pool, and fully mixing the two to form a heterogeneous additive region under the action of the laser, wherein when the width of a heterogeneous layer of a manufactured pump body blank reaches 10mm, namely the pump body blank reaches a material additive manufacturing mode switching point, the wire feeder stops feeding wires;
the running speed of the numerical control workbench is 1.0m/min, and the manufacturing process is carried out under the protection of Ar gas;
the additive manufacturing mode switching point is inserted with a control instruction for controlling the opening and closing of the wire feeder, and is the switching position of heterogeneous additive and simple additive;
sixthly, manufacturing a simple substance additive area on the outer side of the pump body:
the laser-assisted arc welding gun melts the welding wire M1, and the simple substance additive material area outside the pump body is deposited until the set track is finished;
step seven, the industrial control computer sends out an instruction to control the robot to move upwards for 3mm and return to the previous layer of material increase manufacturing starting point, and then the step five to the step six are repeated to manufacture the rest part of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body;
and step eight, repeating the step seven until the blank of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body is manufactured in an additive mode, controlling the laser to be turned off by the industrial control computer through the laser control cabinet, stopping the wire feeding and the work of the electric arc welding machine, turning off the cooling water pump, controlling the robot to drive the additive manufacturing device to return to a safety position through the robot control cabinet, and finishing the manufacturing of the blank of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body.
Further, the welding wire M1 is a stainless steel welding wire, and the welding wire M2 is a nickel-chromium alloy welding wire.
Further, the process parameters set in the third step are as follows: the laser power of the laser is 1.8kW, the defocusing amount is +3mm, the arc voltage of the arc welding gun is 26V, the welding current of the arc welding machine is 200A, the protective gas is pure Ar, and the welding wire conveying speed of the wire feeder is 5 m/min.
Furthermore, when the cooling water pump is started, the working temperature of the electric arc welding gun is maintained at 30-80 ℃.
Furthermore, when the simple substance additive manufacturing region on the outer side of the pump body is manufactured in the sixth step, the laser can be turned off, and simple substance additive manufacturing is performed only by means of an electric arc welding machine.
Furthermore, when the elemental additive manufacturing area outside the pump body is manufactured in the sixth step, the electric arc welding machine can be turned off, the wire feeder can be turned on, and elemental additive manufacturing can be performed only by means of the laser.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the invention can realize simple substance additive and heterogeneous additive, namely when the materials of the arc welding wire and the laser welding wire are the same, the simple substance additive can be realized, and on the contrary, the heterogeneous additive can be realized; 2. the invention can also realize electric arc additive manufacturing, laser additive manufacturing and laser-electric arc composite additive manufacturing; 3. the additive manufacturing device can ensure that the electric arc welding gun, the focus of the laser beam and the filler wire have a determined position relation, and meanwhile, the cooling system is arranged in the composite wire feeding head, so that the temperature of the composite wire feeding head and the stability of the wire feeding process are ensured, and the forming precision and the forming efficiency are improved; 4. when the laser/electric arc composite material increase is adopted, a combined molten pool is formed by metal materials under the action of two heat sources of laser and electric arc, and the heterogeneous materials in the combined molten pool can be fully mixed under the stirring action of the laser, so that the components in a heterogeneous material increase area are uniformly mixed, and the wear resistance and the hardness are improved; 5. the manufacturing system of the invention has the advantages of simple process for preparing the gear oil pump body, short production period, low cost and good molding quality.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a single-layer additive track of a gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of an internal block of an industrial control computer.
Fig. 3 is a structural view of an additive manufacturing apparatus.
Fig. 4 is a gear oil pump laser/arc hybrid heterogeneous additive manufacturing system.
Fig. 5 is an arc welding gun.
Fig. 6 is an arc nozzle.
Fig. 7 is a laser head.
Fig. 8 is a composite feed head.
Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of fig. 8.
Fig. 11 is a wire feed nozzle.
Fig. 12 is a gear oil pump foreign body blank.
Fig. 13 is a vickers hardness diagram of a gear oil pump hetero-pump body prepared using the present system.
In the figure, 1, an elemental additive manufacturing region, 2, a transition region, 3, an additive manufacturing starting point, 4, a heterogeneous additive region, 5, an additive manufacturing mode switching point, 6, a trajectory data generation module, 7, a process parameter adjustment module, 8, an industrial control computer, 9, a cooling water pump, 10, a laser, 11, a laser control cabinet, 12, a robot, 13, a robot control cabinet, 14, an electric arc welding machine, 15, an additive manufacturing device, 16, a wire feeder, 17, a substrate, 18, a numerical control workbench, 151, an electric arc nozzle, 152, a cooling water inlet, 153, a composite wire feeding head, 154, a laser outlet, 155, a welding wire M2, 156, a welding wire M1, 157, a laser head, 158, a wire feeding nozzle, 159, an electric arc welding gun, 160 and a cooling water outlet are arranged.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The laser-arc composite heterogeneous additive manufacturing system for the gear oil pump is structurally shown in fig. 4 and comprises: an industrial control computer 8, a cooling water pump 9, a laser 10, a laser control cabinet 11, a robot 12, a robot control cabinet 13, an electric arc welding machine 14, an additive manufacturing device 15, a wire feeder 16, a base plate 17 and a numerical control workbench 18; the industrial control computer 8 is in signal connection with the laser control cabinet 11, the arc welding machine 14, the wire feeder 16, the robot control cabinet 13 and the numerical control workbench 18, the laser control cabinet 11 is in signal connection with the laser 10, and the laser 10 is in laser beam transmission optical fiber connection with the laser head 157; the arc welding machine 14 is connected with the arc welding gun 159 through a conduit, the wire feeder 16 is connected with the wire feeding nozzle 158 through a conduit, the robot control cabinet 13 is in signal connection with the robot 12, the base plate 17 is fixed on the numerical control workbench 18, and the cooling water pump 9 is in pipe connection with the cooling water inlet 152 and the cooling water outlet 160.
The additive manufacturing device 15 is structurally shown in fig. 3 and comprises an arc nozzle 151, a cooling water inlet 152, a composite wire feeding head 153, a laser outlet 154, a welding wire M2155, a welding wire M1156, a laser head 157, a wire feeding nozzle 158, an arc welding gun 159 and a cooling water outlet 160; a welding wire M1156 penetrates through an arc welding gun 159, the structure of the arc welding gun 159 is shown in FIG. 5, the arc welding gun 159 is fixed on an arc nozzle 151 through threads, the structure of the arc nozzle 151 is shown in FIG. 6, the arc nozzle 151 is fixed on a composite wire feeding head 153 through threads, the structure of the composite wire feeding head 153 is shown in FIG. 8, a tapered hole is formed in the center of the composite wire feeding head 153 and fixed below a laser head 157 through threads, the lower outlet of the laser head 157 is a laser outlet 154, the upper side of the laser head 157 is connected with a laser 10, and the side face of the laser head 157 is connected to a flange of a robot 12; the wire feeding nozzle 158 is fixed on the composite wire feeding head 153 through threads, the wire feeder 16 feeds welding wire M2155 to the wire feeding nozzle 158 through a wire feeding pipeline, and the structure of the wire feeding nozzle 158 is shown in FIG. 11; the section A-A of the composite wire feeding head 153 is shown in FIG. 9, the laser beam melts the welding wire M2155 fed from the wire feeding nozzle 158 through the laser outlet 154, the arc welding gun 159 melts the welding wire M1156, and the melted welding wire drops on the base plate 17 and is uniformly distributed under the stirring of the laser beam; the composite wire feeding head 153 is shown in a B-B sectional view 10, holes of the arc nozzle 151, the laser outlet 154 and the wire feeding nozzle 158 are respectively formed from left to right, an included angle between the center line of the arc nozzle 151 and the center line of the laser outlet 154 is 30 degrees, an included angle between the center line of the laser outlet 154 and the wire feeding nozzle 158 is 60 degrees, cooling pipelines are respectively distributed on two sides of each hole, a cooling water inlet 152 and a cooling water outlet 160 of each cooling pipeline are connected with a cooling water pump 9, and the cooling pipelines are close to a heat source and do not interfere with mounting holes.
In the gear oil pump laser-electric arc composite heterogeneous material increase manufacturing system, an industrial control computer 8 is arranged as shown in fig. 2, and a track data generation module 6 and a process parameter adjustment module 7 are arranged in the industrial control computer 8; the track data generation module 6 is used for transmitting layer number high data and single-layer control point track data to the numerical control workbench 18 so as to adjust the displacement of the substrate 17; the layer number high data of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body is obtained by a gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body layering model after a gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body 3D model is layered, and the single-layer control point track data is obtained by a gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body single-layer material increase track and gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body boundary data; the process parameter adjusting module 7 is used for adjusting parameters: laser power, defocus, wire feed speed, welder voltage, welder current, and regulates the operating conditions of the laser 10, wire feeder 16, and arc welder 14.
The laser-electric arc composite heterogeneous additive manufacturing method of the gear oil pump specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, a track data generation module 6 is used for layering a designed 3D model of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body to obtain a layered model of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body and layer height data, circular interpolation is carried out on the layered model of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body to generate a single-layer additive track of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body as shown in figure 1, an additive manufacturing mode switching point 5 is arranged at the intersection of a heterogeneous additive area 4 and a transition area 2, and a control instruction for controlling the opening and closing of a wire feeder 16 is inserted;
the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body 3D model is as follows: the distance between centers of the circles is 30mm, the radius of each circle is 15mm, the wall thickness is 50mm, the thickness of the heterogeneous material adding area 4 is 10mm, and the layer distance is 3 mm;
during arc interpolation, the interpolation error is +/-0.01 mm, the line spacing offset is 4mm, the line spacing offset refers to the distance from inside to outside when a single-layer material increase track of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body is generated, and the material increase manufacturing mode switching point 5 is the switching position of heterogeneous material increase and simple material increase;
step two, mounting the substrate 17: horizontally mounting a base plate 17 on a numerical control workbench 18;
step three, the technological parameter adjusting module 7 sets technological parameters: the laser power is 1.8kW, the defocusing amount is +3mm, the arc voltage of the arc welding gun 159 is 26V, the welding current of the arc welding machine 14 is 200A, the protective gas is pure Ar, and the speed of the wire feeder 16 for conveying welding wires is 5 m/min;
fourthly, the industrial control computer 8 controls the robot 12 through the robot control cabinet 13 to drive the additive manufacturing device 15 to move to the additive manufacturing starting point 3, and the position of the additive manufacturing device 15 is adjusted to enable the laser beam to be perpendicular to the substrate 17;
additive manufacturing start point 3 is a start point for heterogeneous additive manufacturing;
step five, manufacturing a heterogeneous material increase area 4 on the inner side of the pump body:
starting a cooling water pump 9, synchronously sending an instruction to a laser control cabinet 11, an electric arc welding machine 14, a wire feeder 16 and a numerical control workbench 18 by an industrial control computer 8, starting manufacturing a wear-resistant layer heterogeneous material increase region 4 on the inner side of a pump body, wherein the running speed of the numerical control workbench 18 is 1.0M/min, under the protection of protective gas Ar gas, melting a welding wire M2155 by laser, melting a welding wire M1156 by an electric arc welding gun 159 to form a combined molten pool, fully mixing the two welding wires to form the heterogeneous material increase region 4 under the action of the laser, and stopping feeding the wire by the wire feeder 16 when the width of a heterogeneous layer of a manufactured pump body blank reaches 10mm, namely reaching a material increase manufacturing mode switching point 5;
wherein the welding wire M1156 is a stainless steel welding wire, and the welding wire M2155 is a nickel-chromium alloy welding wire;
sixthly, manufacturing a simple substance additive area 1 on the outer side of the pump body:
the laser auxiliary arc welding gun 159 melts the welding wire M1156, and the elemental additive area 1 on the outer side of the pump body is deposited until the set track is finished;
step seven, the industrial control computer 8 sends out an instruction to control the robot 12 to move upwards for 3mm and return to the previous layer of additive manufacturing starting point 3, and then the fifth step to the sixth step are repeated to manufacture the rest part of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body;
step eight, repeating the step seven until the additive manufacturing of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body blank is completed, controlling the laser 10 to be closed by the industrial control computer 8 through the laser control cabinet 11, stopping the electric arc welding machine 14, closing the cooling water pump 9, controlling the robot 12 to drive the additive manufacturing device 15 to return to the safety position through the robot control cabinet 13, completing the manufacturing of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body blank, wherein the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body blank is shown in fig. 12, the vickers hardness of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body blank is shown in fig. 13, the vickers hardness of the transition region 2 is uniformly increased from the simple substance additive region 1 to the heterogeneous additive region 4, the simple substance additive region 1 and the heterogeneous additive region 4 are well combined, and the vickers hardness of the heterogeneous additive region 4 is obviously higher than that of the simple substance additive region 1, so that the purposes of improving the internal hardness of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body blank.
When the additive manufacturing is cooled, the working temperature of the arc welding gun 159 is 30-80 ℃, the stability of current during welding is improved, the service life of the arc welding gun 159 is prolonged, and the additive manufacturing quality is guaranteed.
When the simple substance additive manufacturing region 1 on the outer side of the pump body is manufactured in the sixth step, the laser 10 can be closed, and the simple substance additive manufacturing is performed only by supplying heat through the arc welding gun 159; similarly, the arc welder 14 and the arc welding gun 159 can be turned off, the wire feeder 16 can be turned on, and the wire feeder 16 can be adjusted to feed the welding wire M1156, relying only on laser for elemental additive manufacturing.
All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The additive manufacturing method of the gear oil pump laser-electric arc composite heterogeneous additive manufacturing system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, a track data generation module (6) arranged in an industrial control computer (8) is used for layering a 3D model of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body to obtain a layered model of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body and layer number layer height data, circular interpolation is carried out on the layered model of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body to generate a single-layer additive track of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body, and the layer number layer height data and the single-layer additive track data are transmitted to a numerical control workbench (18) to adjust the displacement of a substrate (17);
step two, mounting the substrate (17):
horizontally mounting a base plate (17) on a numerical control workbench (18);
thirdly, the industrial control computer (8) is in signal connection with the laser control cabinet (11), the electric arc welding machine (14) and the wire feeder (16), the laser control cabinet (11) is in signal connection with the laser (10), the electric arc welding machine (14) is in conduit connection with the electric arc welding gun (159), and a process parameter adjusting module (7) in the industrial control computer (8) is used for setting process parameters;
the process parameters are as follows: the laser power of the laser (10) is 1.8kW, the defocusing amount is +3mm, the arc voltage of the arc welding gun (159) is 26V, the welding current of the arc welding machine (14) is 200A, the protective gas is pure Ar, and the welding wire conveying speed of the wire feeder (16) is 5 m/min;
fourthly, the industrial control computer (8) controls the robot (12) through the robot control cabinet (13), a flange of the robot (12) is connected with an additive manufacturing device (15), the robot (12) drives the additive manufacturing device (15) to move to an additive manufacturing starting point (3), and the position of the additive manufacturing device (15) is adjusted to enable the laser beam to be perpendicular to the substrate (17);
the additive manufacturing device (15) comprises a composite wire feeding head (153), mounting holes of an arc nozzle (151), a laser head (157) and a wire feeding nozzle (158) are sequentially arranged on the longer axis of the composite wire feeding head (153), an arc welding gun (159) is fixed on the composite wire feeding head (153) through the arc nozzle (151) in a threaded mode, and a welding wire M1 (156) penetrates through the arc welding gun (159); the composite wire feeding head (153) is fixed below the laser head (157) in a threaded manner, the lower outlet of the laser head (157) is a laser outlet (154), the upper part of the laser head is connected with the laser (10), and the side surface of the laser head (157) is connected to a flange of the robot (12); the wire feeding nozzle (158) is fixed on the composite wire feeding head (153) in a threaded manner, and the wire feeder (16) feeds welding wires M2 (155) to the wire feeding nozzle (158) through a wire feeding pipeline;
the additive manufacturing starting point (3) is a starting point for heterogeneous additive manufacturing;
the included angle between the axis of the arc nozzle (151) and the axis of the laser outlet (154) is 30 degrees, and the included angle between the axis of the laser outlet (154) and the wire feeding nozzle (158) is 60 degrees;
step five, manufacturing a heterogeneous additive material area (4) on the inner side of the pump body:
two sides of a mounting hole on the composite wire feeding head (153) are respectively distributed with a cooling pipeline, each cooling pipeline is provided with a cooling water inlet (152) and a cooling water outlet (160), a cooling water pump (9) is connected with the cooling water inlet (152) and the cooling water outlet (160) through pipelines, and the cooling water pump (9) is started;
an industrial control computer (8) synchronously sends out an instruction to a laser control cabinet (11), an electric arc welding machine (14), a wire feeder (16) and a numerical control workbench (18), welding wires M2 (155) are melted by laser, welding wires M1 (156) are melted by an electric arc welding gun (159), the welding wires and the welding wires form a combined molten pool, the combined molten pool and the combined molten pool are fully mixed under the action of the laser to form a heterogeneous material adding region (4), and when the width of a heterogeneous layer of a manufactured pump body blank reaches 10mm, namely the pump body blank reaches a material adding manufacturing mode switching point (5), the wire feeder (16) stops feeding wires;
the running speed of the numerical control workbench (18) is 1.0m/min, and the manufacturing process is carried out under the protection of Ar gas;
a control instruction for controlling the opening and closing of the wire feeder (16) is inserted into the additive manufacturing mode switching point (5), and the additive manufacturing mode switching point (5) is a switching position of heterogeneous additive and simple additive;
sixthly, manufacturing a simple substance additive area (1) on the outer side of the pump body:
the laser auxiliary arc welding gun (159) melts the welding wire M1 (156), and the simple substance additive material area (1) on the outer side of the pump body is deposited until the set track is finished;
step seven, the industrial control computer (8) sends out an instruction to control the robot (12) to move upwards for 3mm and return to the previous layer of material increase manufacturing starting point (3), and then the fifth step to the sixth step are repeated to manufacture the rest part of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body;
and step eight, repeating the step seven until the blank of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body is manufactured in an additive mode, controlling the laser (10) to be closed by the industrial control computer (8) through the laser control cabinet (11), stopping the wire feeding and stopping the work of the electric arc welding machine (14), closing the cooling water pump (9), controlling the robot (12) to drive the additive manufacturing device (15) to return to a safety position through the robot control cabinet (13), and finishing the blank of the gear oil pump heterogeneous pump body.
2. The gear oil pump laser-arc hybrid heterogeneous additive manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein the welding wire M1 (156) is a stainless steel welding wire, and the welding wire M2 (155) is a nichrome welding wire.
3. The gear oil pump laser-arc composite heterogeneous additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein when the cooling water pump (9) is started, the working temperature of the arc welding gun (159) is maintained at 30-80 ℃.
4. The gear oil pump laser-arc composite heterogeneous additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, when the elemental additive region (1) outside the pump body is manufactured, the laser (10) can be turned off, and the elemental additive manufacturing is performed only by means of the electric arc welding machine (14).
5. The laser-arc composite heterogeneous additive manufacturing method for the gear oil pump according to claim 1, wherein when the elemental additive region (1) outside the pump body is manufactured in the sixth step, the electric arc welding machine (14) can be turned off, the wire feeder (16) can be turned on, and elemental additive manufacturing is performed only by means of the laser (10).
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