CN112108649A - Fine streamline 3D printer head of metal powder and printing device with printer head - Google Patents
Fine streamline 3D printer head of metal powder and printing device with printer head Download PDFInfo
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- CN112108649A CN112108649A CN202010978815.2A CN202010978815A CN112108649A CN 112108649 A CN112108649 A CN 112108649A CN 202010978815 A CN202010978815 A CN 202010978815A CN 112108649 A CN112108649 A CN 112108649A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
A kind of metal powder meticulous streamline 3D printer head and printing unit with this 3D printer head, the 3D printer head includes the syringe container, syringe needle tube, powder feeding mechanism and electric machine driving powder feeding of powder feeding mechanism, syringe needle container and syringe needle tube direct connection; the powder feeding mechanism is provided with a rotating main shaft, and a reverse spiral loose powder stirring shifting fork, a powder feeding shifting fork and a fine powder feeding spring which are arranged on the rotating main shaft from top to bottom; the motor drives the powder feeding mechanism to stir the metal powder in the needle tube container to form a dynamic metal powder fine streamline, and the metal powder fine streamline is sent out; the 3D printer head and the printing device can automatically change static powder into an extremely fine metal powder streamline, and can continuously generate and continuously send the fine metal powder streamline; the streamline diameter is stable, and the powder granule can not splash, and the velocity of flow is accurate controllable, scans, spreads the powder at the effective section within range of part figure, improves the precision that 3D printed the product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of 3D printing, in particular to a metal powder fine streamline 3D printer head and a printing device with the printer head.
Background
In recent years, 3D printing technology has been rapidly developed, and 3D printing technology has played a great role in various manufacturing fields; for example, in the aerospace field: manufacturing an integral worm wheel blade, a high-temperature high-speed spray pipe and the like, and in the medical field: manufacturing artificial joints, teeth, integral ribs of the thoracic cavity and the like, manufacturing various complex parts in the field of precision manufacturing, and in the field of art: the method can be used for manufacturing human statues and the like without exceeding the conventional method; the additive raw materials used in the 3D printing manufacturing technology can be mainly divided into a filamentous additive and a powder (such as metal powder and ceramic powder) additive; the disadvantage of using filiform material such as plastic wire or low melting point metal wire as additive material is that the cost for manufacturing the wire material itself is very high, and some metals are difficult to be made into various thin wire materials; therefore, at present, metal powder additive is adopted for high-melting-point metal 3D printing; widely used in 3D printing technology for metal powder additive are powder bed laser selective sintering (SLS) and Binder Jet Sintering (BJS).
The powder bed laser selective sintering has the defects that powder is repeatedly paved layer by layer, then laser beam sintering and forming are carried out, and finally unsintered powder is swept; therefore, the production efficiency is very low, which is also a fundamental reason for limiting the high cost of 3D printing; secondly, the thickness of the powder bed is difficult to control, particularly, the powder bed is paved after the powder bed is severely contracted in a laser sintering area, and the problems of powder bed collapse, layer crack, arch bridge adhesion with the sintering area and the like are easy to occur along with the increase of the height of the powder bed, so that the product quality is directly influenced; fine parts are difficult to machine, and powder in the powder bed can be adhered to each other in a fine area where parts of the parts are close to each other along with the increase of complexity of the parts; in the laser sintering process, the laser beam is difficult to separate the heating area according to the tiny part clearance, and the fine parts are difficult to produce; moreover, the metal powder is polluted and wasted greatly, a large amount of powder close to the part cannot be sintered, the pollution and the dirtying are easy, and the utilization rate is low; because the area sintered by the laser beam is difficult to separate from the surrounding powder in the powder bed; in the sintering process, a large amount of metal powder is bound to the surface of a glowing metal part, so that the size precision and the surface smoothness of a powder bed 3D printing laser sintering product are very low; the binder injection sintering is to prepare metal powder slurry by using metal powder and organic quick-setting plastic liquid, to be filled into a bin of a 3D printer head, to extrude the metal powder slurry from the bin through a needle tube small hole under the push of gas pressure or a spiral push rod or a piston, and to complete the scanning, stacking and quick-setting molding processes of the part parison; the function of the 3D printing head is only the task of continuously pushing out the metal powder slurry paste line from the small hole of the needle tube, and then the processes of drying, degreasing and sintering of the plastic blank are practically completely the same as the processes of the existing injection molding product; however, this practice has the disadvantage that the volume content of metal in the slurry is not stable, and in particular, when passing through the small orifice of the needle tube of the extrusion port of the silo, the metal content in the extruded slurry is further reduced; and large parts cannot be prepared, and the residual porosity of the sintered product is high, resulting in low relative density and low strength.
In view of the above, the present inventors have made extensive studies and research on various defects and inconveniences caused by the structural design of the 3D printer head and the printing apparatus.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a metal powder fine streamline 3D printer head and a printing device with the printer head, which can change static powder in a needle tube container into a metal powder streamline which continuously flows, has controllable flow and flow speed and has a very fine diameter; the volume content of metal powder is stable, and the streamline diameter is stable, and the powder granule can not splash, and the velocity of flow is accurate controllable, carries out accurate scanning, shop's powder in the effective section within range of part figure, and the cooperation is with the 3D print job that laser tracking scanning sintering accomplished precision part simultaneously, improves the precision that 3D printed the product.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is:
a metal powder fine streamline 3D printer head comprises a needle tube container, a needle tube, a powder feeding mechanism and a motor for driving the powder feeding mechanism to feed powder, wherein the needle tube container is directly connected with the needle tube; the powder feeding mechanism is provided with a rotating main shaft arranged in the needle tube container and the needle tube, and a reverse spiral loose powder stirring fork, a powder feeding fork and a fine powder feeding spring which are arranged on the rotating main shaft from top to bottom, wherein an output shaft of the motor is connected with the rotating main shaft; the motor drives the rotary main shaft to rotate, the rotary main shaft drives the reverse spiral loose powder stirring shifting fork and the powder feeding shifting fork to stir the metal powder in the needle tube container to form a dynamic metal powder fine streamline, and the rotary main shaft drives the fine powder feeding spring to rotate and push the metal powder to send out the metal powder fine streamline.
The lower end of the fine powder feeding spring extends to a discharge hole of the needle tube.
The powder feeding mechanism further comprises a reverse spiral loose powder shifting fork arranged on the rotating main shaft, and the reverse spiral loose powder shifting fork is positioned between the reverse spiral loose powder stirring shifting fork and the powder feeding shifting fork.
The reverse spiral pine powder stirring shifting fork, the powder feeding shifting fork and the reverse spiral pine powder shifting fork are made of steel wires in a filiform spiral state.
The needle tube container is provided with a cylindrical bin section, a conical hopper bin section and a feeding port section, and the needle tube is provided with a connecting section sleeved outside the feeding port section; the reverse spiral loose powder stirring shifting fork is positioned on the cylindrical bin section, the reverse spiral loose powder stirring shifting fork is positioned on the conical hopper bin section, and the powder feeding shifting fork is positioned on the feeding port section.
The lower end of the rotating main shaft is provided with a quick connector base and a quick connector fixedly locked below the quick connector base; the quick coupling is provided with a center hole with the center of the bottom surface extending upwards, and the upper end of the fine powder feeding spring is inserted into the center hole.
And a reinforcing steel wire is arranged in the central hole, penetrates into the inner diameter of the fine powder feeding spring and extends out of the central hole by 2.5-3 mm.
The inner diameter of the fine powder feeding spring is the same as the diameter of the reinforcing steel wire.
The fine powder feeding spring and the reinforcing steel wire are fixedly bonded in the central hole through water glass.
And the reverse spiral powder loosening shifting fork and the powder feeding shifting fork are respectively locked on the quick joint through quick joint nuts.
The powder feeding shifting fork surrounds the outer ring of the fine powder feeding spring.
The needle container has a volume of 10-20 cc.
The inner diameter of the needle tube is 0.5-0.7mm, and the diameter of the fine streamline of the metal powder is 0.5-0.7 mm.
The outer diameter of the needle tube is 1.5-1.7 mm.
The inner diameter of the needle tube is one of phi 0.5 +/-0.01 mm, phi 0.6 +/-0.01 mm or phi 0.7 +/-0.01 mm.
The needle tube is made of refractory ceramic material.
The needle tube adopts Al2O3Or ZrO2Made of refractory ceramic material.
The diameter of the reverse spiral pine powder stirring fork is 0.3-0.4mm, and the reverse spiral pine powder stirring fork is provided with two screw pitches.
The wire diameter of the powder feeding shifting fork and the reverse spiral powder loosening shifting fork is 0.15-0.25 mm.
The needle tube container is internally provided with an upper limiting ring and a lower limiting ring which limit the left and right swinging of the rotating main shaft, the upper limiting ring and the lower limiting ring are provided with a shaft hole for the rotating main shaft to pass through and a plurality of through holes for the metal powder to pass through, and the aperture of the shaft hole is larger than the diameter of the rotating main shaft.
The difference between the aperture of the shaft hole and the diameter of the rotating main shaft is less than or equal to 0.05-0.1mm, and the left-right swinging amount of the main shaft during rotation is less than or equal to 0.2 mm.
The rotating main shaft is provided with an upper shoulder and a lower shoulder which limit the vertical movement of the rotating main shaft, the upper shoulder is positioned below the upper limiting ring, a distance is reserved between the upper shoulder and the lower shoulder, and the lower shoulder is positioned above the lower limiting ring, and a distance is reserved between the upper shoulder and the lower shoulder.
The upper limiting ring and the lower limiting ring are arranged at a first interval, the upper convex shoulder and the lower convex shoulder are arranged at a second interval, and the difference between the first interval and the second interval is that the vertical swing interval of the rotating main shaft is not more than +/-1 mm.
The output shaft of the motor is inserted into the upper opening of the needle tube container, a cover plate covering the upper opening of the needle tube container is arranged, and the output shaft is connected with the rotating main shaft through a quick connector.
The output shaft is provided with a cylindrical slotted shifting fork, and the cylindrical slotted shifting fork is fixed on the output shaft through a steel bar shifting lever.
The needle tube container and the needle tube are connected in a threaded manner.
The motor is a miniature direct current speed regulating motor, and the specification of the motor is DC.12v.0-120 cycles/minute or DC.12v.0-180 cycles/minute.
The parameters of the fine powder feeding spring are calculated and determined according to the following formula,
d＝3.8do+0.12(mm)……(1)，
D-d≥≥0.12(mm)……(2)，
h≥1.2d(mm)……(3)，
here, D is the outer diameter (mm) of the fine powder feeding spring, do is the wire diameter (mm) of the fine powder feeding spring, D is the inner diameter (mm) of the needle tube, is the rotational clearance (mm) of the fine powder feeding spring in the needle tube, and h is the screw pitch (mm) of the fine powder feeding spring.
When the inner diameter D of the needle tube is 0.7(mm) 0.07(cm),
the outer diameter D of the fine powder feeding spring is represented by the formula D-D ≧ 0.12(mm) … … (2), which is 0.7-0.12 ═ 0.58 (mm);
the wire diameter do of the fine powder feeding spring is represented by the formula d of 3.8do +0.12(mm) … … (1), and is 0.121 (mm);
the screw pitch h of the fine powder feeding spring; represented by the formula h is more than or equal to 1.2d (mm) … … (3),
it is known that h is 1.2 × 0.58 is 0.696(mm) ≈ 0.7(mm) ≈ 0.07 (cm).
The pitch of the fine powder feeding spring is greater than or equal to 8 times of the maximum particle size in the metal powder.
The fine powder feeding spring is made of cold-processed and hardened platinum wires, tungsten wires or tungsten-rhenium wires.
The total length of the needle tube comprises a fine streamline flow guiding length and a first installation length, and the total length of the fine powder feeding spring comprises a fine streamline flow guiding length and a second installation length.
The fine streamline diversion length is 18mm, the first installation length is 5mm, and the total length of the needle tube is 23 mm; the second installation length is 15mm, and the total length of the fine powder feeding spring is 33 mm.
The metal powder flow Q (g/min) of the needle tube is determined by calculation according to the following formula, wherein Q is k pi/4D2·h·ρ·N……(4)；
Here, Q isThe flow rate (g/min) of the metal powder of the needle tube, N is the rotating speed (week/min) of the fine powder feeding spring, k is the powder acceleration coefficient and increases along with the increase of the number of revolutions N; ρ is the bulk density (g/cm) of the metal powder3)。
The time required for the 3D printer head to print a single part is calculated and determined according to the following formula, wherein t is W/Q … … (5);
t is the time required to print a single part, W is the weight of a single part, and Q is the metal powder flow rate (g/min).
The effective volume of the syringe container is determined by calculation according to the following formula, where V ═ W · n/ρ (cm)3)……(6)，
Here, V is the effective volume (cm) of the syringe container3) W is the weight of a single part (g), n is the number of parts in the syringe container that the metal powder can be printed on, and ρ is the bulk density of the metal powder (g/cm)3)。
The 3D printer head works in a vacuum state.
A printing device is provided with the 3D printer head.
After the structure is adopted, when the 3D printer head and the printing device are used for printing, the motor drives the rotating main shaft to rotate, the rotating main shaft drives the reverse spiral powder loosening stirring fork and the powder feeding fork to stir metal powder in the needle tube container, and static metal powder can be changed into an extremely fine metal powder streamline; the rotating main shaft drives the fine powder feeding spring to rotate and push metal powder, the metal powder can be rapidly sent out from a superfine (the inner diameter is 0.5-0.7mm, the length is 20-25mm) needle tube to form a fine gas-free pure metal powder streamline, and the volume content of the metal powder in the metal powder streamline is stable; the invention can change the static powder in the needle tube container into a metal powder streamline which continuously flows, has controllable flow and flow speed and has very thin diameter; the streamline diameter is stable, the metal powder content is uniform, the particles cannot splash, the flow rate is accurate and controllable, accurate scanning and powder spreading are carried out in the effective section range of the part graph, and meanwhile, 3D printing work of the precision part is completed by matching with laser tracking scanning sintering, so that the precision of a 3D printed product is improved; and also; when the printing device is used for printing, metal powder particles flow out of a needle tube with a very small diameter to form a fine powder streamline to solve the problem that the existing blind powder paving with a large area (including an invalid section) of a powder bed is replaced by the metal powder fine streamline scanning powder paving directly on the effective section of a part in the 3D printing technology; the flow of the fine powder streamline is stable and different from the powder streamline conveyed by airflow, no airflow interference exists in the scanning powder paving process, the diameter of the streamline is stable, the volume content of the metal powder is stable, the metal powder particles cannot splash, and the flow speed is accurate and controllable; the scanning track of the metal powder streamline is not interrupted when the scanning moving speed is 40 mm/s; the printer head is arranged on a conventional three-dimensional cold printing device, and fine pure metal powder streamlines continuously generated by the printer head are utilized to accurately scan and spread powder in the effective section range of a part graph; fine scanning the metal powder streamline layer by layer strictly according to the pattern range of the section of the part, spreading powder in a program-controlled manner, and filling; meanwhile, laser beams (or electron beams) are configured in the process that the metal powder is sent out from the needle tube and reaches the surface of the part, the part is quickly tracked and heated, the metal powder area which is scanned and covered is quickly sintered or melted, and finally, the fine and complex metal and alloy parts can be manufactured; the printing device is particularly suitable for manufacturing metal products with fine structures under vacuum conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a syringe container of a printer head of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a needle vial of a printer head of the present invention.
Description of the symbols
Reverse spiral powder stirring shifting fork 32 of rotating main shaft 31
Connecting section 22 of feeding port section 13
Quick-acting coupling base 51 quick-acting coupling 52
Stop ring 54 on quick connector nut 53
Cylindrical slotted fork 43 of cover plate 42
A steel rod deflector rod 44.
Detailed Description
In order to further explain the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is explained in detail by the following specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the invention discloses a metal powder fine streamline 3D printer head, which comprises a needle tube container 1, a needle tube 2, a powder feeding mechanism 3 and a motor 4 for driving the powder feeding mechanism 3 to feed powder, wherein the needle tube container 1 and the needle tube 2 are directly connected; the powder feeding mechanism 3 is provided with a rotating main shaft 31 arranged in the needle tube container 1 and the needle tube 2, and a reverse spiral loose powder stirring fork 32, a powder feeding fork 33 and a fine powder feeding spring 34 which are arranged on the rotating main shaft 31 from top to bottom, and an output shaft of the motor 4 is connected with the rotating main shaft 31; the motor 4 drives the rotating main shaft 31 to rotate, the rotating main shaft 31 drives the reverse spiral loose powder stirring fork 32 and the powder feeding fork 33 to stir the metal powder in the needle tube container 1 to form a dynamic metal powder fine streamline, and the rotating main shaft 31 drives the fine powder feeding spring 34 to rotate and push the metal powder to send the metal powder fine streamline out of the needle tube 2.
When the 3D printer head and the printing device are used for printing, the motor 4 drives the rotating main shaft 31 to rotate, the rotating main shaft 31 drives the reverse spiral loose powder stirring fork 32 and the powder feeding fork 33 to stir metal powder in the needle tube container 1, and static metal powder can be changed into an extremely fine metal powder streamline; the rotating main shaft 31 drives the fine powder feeding spring 34 to rotate and push metal powder, and the metal powder can be rapidly fed out from a superfine (the inner diameter is 0.5-0.7mm, the length is 20-25mm) needle tube to form a fine gas-free pure metal powder streamline; the invention can change the static powder in the needle tube container 1 into a metal powder streamline which continuously flows, has controllable flow and flow speed and has very thin diameter; metal powder's volume content is stable in the metal powder streamline, and the streamline diameter is stable, and the powder granule can not splash, and the velocity of flow is accurate controllable, carries out accurate scanning, shop powder in the effective section within range of part figure, and the cooperation is with the 3D print job of laser tracking scanning sintering completion precision part simultaneously, improves the precision that 3D printed the product.
The lower end of the fine powder feeding spring 34 of the invention extends to the discharge hole 21 of the needle tube 2; the fine powder feeding spring 34 rotates and pushes the metal powder, so that the metal powder can be kept in a dynamic flowing state before being sent out from the discharge port 21, the streamline of the metal powder continuously flows, and the printing effect is better.
The powder feeding mechanism 3 also comprises a reverse spiral loose powder shifting fork 35 arranged on the rotating main shaft 31, and the reverse spiral loose powder shifting fork 35 is positioned between the reverse spiral loose powder stirring shifting fork 32 and the powder feeding shifting fork 33; the metal powder in the needle tube container 1 is in a flowing state from top to bottom, so that the metal powder is continuously and continuously fed by a streamline.
The reverse auger powder stirring fork 32, the powder feeding fork 33 and the reverse auger powder stirring fork 35 are made of steel wires in a filiform spiral state.
The needle tube container 1 of the invention is provided with a cylindrical bin section 11, a conical hopper bin section 12 and a feeding port section 13, and the needle tube 2 is provided with a connecting section 22 sleeved outside the feeding port section 13; the reverse auger powder stirring fork 32 is positioned on the cylindrical bin section 11, the reverse auger powder stirring fork 35 is positioned on the cone hopper bin section 12, and the powder feeding fork 33 is positioned on the feeding port section 13; wherein, the cone hopper feed bin section 12 of the needle tube container 1 is additionally provided with a filiform reverse spiral powder loosening shifting fork 35, and the feed port section 13 is provided with a powder loosening shifting fork 33, thereby eliminating the phenomenon of vertical hollow shaft which is easy to generate in the powder layer of the cone hopper feed bin section 12 and ensuring the function of direct and continuous powder supply.
The lower end of the rotating main shaft 31 of the invention is provided with a quick coupling base 51 and a quick coupling 52 locked below the quick coupling base 51; the quick joint 52 is provided with a central hole 521 extending upwards from the bottom center, and the upper end of the fine powder feeding spring 34 is inserted into the central hole 521; a reinforcing steel wire 341 is arranged in the central hole, and the reinforcing steel wire 341 penetrates into the inner diameter of the fine powder feeding spring 34 and extends out of the central hole 521 by 2.5-3 mm; and the spring inner diameter of the fine powder feeding spring 34 is the same as the diameter of the reinforcing steel wire 341; the fine powder feeding spring 34 and the reinforcing steel wire 341 are fixed in the central hole 521 by bonding with water glass; the upper end of the fine powder feeding spring 34 can be inserted with a reinforcing steel wire 341 with the diameter same as the inner diameter of the fine powder feeding spring 34, then the fine powder feeding spring 34 and the reinforcing steel wire 341 are inserted into the central hole 521 of the quick connector 52 together, and then the fine powder feeding spring and the reinforcing steel wire are bonded and fixed by water glass; and the reinforcing steel wire 341 partially extends out of the central hole 521 by 2.5-3mm, so that the shearing stress at the fine powder feeding spring 34 and the quick coupling 52 can be buffered, the purpose is to reduce the problem that the stress at the fine powder feeding spring 34 and the quick coupling 52 is too concentrated, the problem that the connection part between the fine powder feeding spring 34 and the quick coupling 52 is easy to fatigue fracture and break is thoroughly solved, the service life of the fine powder feeding spring 34 is prolonged, the working life can be longer than 3000 hours, and meanwhile, the mounting, the maintenance and the standard part programmed production are convenient.
The reverse spiral powder loosening shifting fork 35 and the powder feeding shifting fork 33 are respectively locked on the quick joint 52 through a quick joint nut 53; the fine powder feeding spring 34, the reverse spiral loose powder stirring fork 32, the reverse spiral loose powder fork 35 and the powder feeding fork 33 are firstly installed on the quick coupling nut 53 and then connected with the quick coupling 52, so that the installation, the maintenance and the programmed production of standard parts are facilitated.
The powder feeding shifting fork 33 of the invention is surrounded on the outer ring of the fine powder feeding spring 34; when printing, the powder feeding shifting fork 33 and the fine powder feeding spring 34 rotate simultaneously, metal powder can be further stirred, the metal powder flow line is used for feeding powder to continuously flow, and the printing effect is better.
The syringe container 1 of the present invention has a capacity of 10 to 20 cc.
The inner diameter of the needle tube 2 of the invention is 0.5-0.7mm, and the diameter of the fine streamline of the metal powder is 0.5-0.7 mm.
The outer diameter of the needle tube 2 of the invention is 1.5-1.7 mm.
The needle tube 2 is made of refractory ceramic material; and the needle tube 2 adopts Al2O3Or ZrO2The refractory ceramic material is prepared; can ensure that the metal powder in the needle tube is not sintered or melted when the laser beam is heated at high temperature.
The inner diameter of the needle tube 2 is one of phi 0.5 +/-0.01 mm, phi 0.6 +/-0.01 mm or phi 0.7 +/-0.01 mm.
The wire diameter of the reverse auger powder stirring fork 32 is 0.3-0.4mm, and the reverse auger powder stirring fork 32 is provided with two screw pitches; the reverse spiral loose powder shifting fork 32 only slightly supports metal powder, and particularly solves the problem that the diameter and the flow of a metal powder streamline are unstable due to overlarge supporting effect at high rotating speed.
The wire diameter of the powder feeding shifting fork 33 and the reverse spiral powder loosening shifting fork 35 is 0.15-0.25 mm.
An upper limit ring 54 and a lower limit ring 55 which limit the left-right swing of a rotating main shaft 31 are arranged in the needle tube container 1, the upper limit ring 54 and the lower limit ring 55 are provided with a shaft hole 56 for the rotating main shaft 31 to pass through and a plurality of through holes 57 for the metal powder to pass through, and the aperture of the shaft hole 56 is larger than the diameter of the rotating main shaft 31; because the rotating main shaft 31 can generate the left-right swinging and the up-down movement along the axial line when rotating, the rotating stability and the service life of the fine powder feeding spring 34 in the needle tube 2 are seriously influenced, an upper limit ring 54 and a lower limit ring 55 are arranged on the rotating main shaft 31 of the needle tube container 1, and shaft holes 56 are arranged on the upper limit ring 54 and the lower limit ring 55 to limit the left-right swinging amount of the rotating main shaft 31, thereby improving the rotating stability and the service life of the fine powder feeding spring 34; five circular through holes 57 for powder leakage are additionally formed outside the shaft holes of the upper limiting ring 54 and the lower limiting ring 55; to facilitate the passage of the metal powder.
The diameter difference between the bore diameter of the shaft hole 56 and the diameter of the rotating main shaft 31 is less than or equal to 0.05-0.1mm, and the left-right swinging amount of the main shaft rotating 31 is less than or equal to 0.2 mm.
An upper shoulder 58 and a lower shoulder 59 for limiting the vertical movement of the rotating main shaft 31 are arranged on the rotating main shaft 31, the upper shoulder 58 is positioned below the upper limit ring 54, and a distance is reserved between the upper shoulder 58 and the lower shoulder, and the lower shoulder 59 is positioned above the lower limit ring 55, and a distance is reserved between the upper shoulder 58 and the lower shoulder; a first distance is reserved between the upper limiting ring 54 and the lower limiting ring 55, a second distance is reserved between the upper shoulder 58 and the lower shoulder 59, and the difference between the first distance and the second distance is that the vertical swing distance of the rotating main shaft is less than or equal to +/-1 mm; when the rotating main shaft 31 rotates, the upper and lower serial momentum of the rotating main shaft 31 is defined by the difference Δ H between the distance H between the upper limit ring and the lower limit ring and the distance R between the upper shoulder and the lower shoulder being H-R; when the rotating main shaft 31 is strung upward by the maximum amount, the upper shoulder 58 abuts against the upper limit ring 54; the lower shoulder 59 abuts the lower limit ring 55 when the rotating spindle 31 is strung down by the maximum amount; the up-and-down movement amount of the rotating main shaft 31 is controlled in a safe area with the Delta H less than or equal to +/-1 mm, the rotating main shaft rotates more stably, and the rotating stability and the service life of the fine powder feeding spring 34 are improved.
An output shaft 41 of the motor 4 of the invention is inserted into the upper opening of the needle tube container 1, a cover plate 42 covering the upper opening of the needle tube container 1 is arranged, and the output shaft 41 is connected with the rotating main shaft 31 through a quick coupling.
The output shaft 41 of the invention is provided with a cylindrical slotted shifting fork 43, and the cylindrical slotted shifting fork 43 is fixed on the output shaft 41 through a steel bar deflector rod 44; the rotating main shaft can be quickly connected with the speed regulating motor shaft through simple up-down insertion; before the motor is not installed, powder can be loaded from the upper opening of the needle tube container, so that the powder is conveniently loaded; the device is not afraid of dust interference during installation and disassembly, and has low cost and good practicability.
The needle tube container 1 and the needle tube 2 are connected in a threaded manner; the threaded connection is provided for ease of installation, maintenance or replacement of the fine powder feed spring 34.
The motor 4 is a miniature direct current speed regulating motor, and the specification of the motor 4 is DC.12v., and 0-120 cycles/minute, or the specification of the motor 4 is 20mm in diameter, DC.12v., and 0-180 cycles/minute.
The parameters of the fine powder feeding spring of the present invention are calculated and determined according to the following formula,
d＝3.8do+0.12(mm)……(1)，
D-d≥≥0.12(mm)……(2)，
h≥1.2d(mm)……(3)，
here, D is the outer diameter (mm) of the fine powder feeding spring, do is the wire diameter (mm) of the fine powder feeding spring, D is the inner diameter (mm) of the needle tube, is the rotational clearance (mm) of the fine powder feeding spring in the needle tube, and h is the screw pitch (mm) of the fine powder feeding spring;
the parameters of the fine powder feeding spring are to ensure the rotating balance condition of the spring; during the design, manufacture and installation process, any parameter change can cause the fine powder feeding spring to be incapable of working normally and to be stuck or broken in severe cases.
The metal powder flow Q (g/min) of the needle tube is determined by the following formula, wherein Q is k & pi/4 & D2·h·ρ·N……(4)；
Here, Q is the flow rate of the metal powder of the needle cannula (g/min), N is the rotation speed of the fine powder feeding spring (cycle/min), k is the powder acceleration coefficient, increasing as the number of revolutions N increases; ρ is the bulk density (g/cm) of the metal powder3) D is the inside diameter (cm) of the needle cannula, and h is the pitch (cm) of the fine powder feeding spring.
The pitch of the fine powder feeding spring is more than or equal to 8 times of the maximum particle diameter or the maximum length of the particles in the metal powder; the problem that when the fine powder feeding spring is used for feeding powder, the powder is fed intermittently or is stuck or twisted off is avoided, and when the spherical powder is used, the rotation state of the fine powder feeding spring is the most stable, the flow of the metal powder streamline is the most stable.
The fine powder feeding spring is made of a cold-processed and hardened platinum wire, a tungsten wire or a tungsten-rhenium wire; the materials and the processing hardening means can ensure that the fine powder feeding spring can still keep original various geometric parameters unchanged at a high temperature, thereby ensuring the long-time normal work.
The total length of the needle tube comprises a fine streamline flow guiding length and a first installation length, and the total length of the fine powder feeding spring comprises the fine streamline flow guiding length and a second installation length.
The fine streamline diversion length of the invention is 18mm, the first installation length is 5mm, and the total length of the needle tube is 23 mm; the second installation length is 15mm, and the total length of the fine powder feeding spring is 33 mm.
Example 1: designing a metal powder streamline printer head device; wherein: the diameter D of the metal streamline is 0.7 mm-0.07 cm, and the length of the diversion pipe is 18 mm; spherical metal titanium powder (-200 mesh) was used, and the apparent density ρ of the metal powder was 2.54g/cm3And the unit weight Wo of the 3D printed part is 6g, the unit finishing time is 15-20 minutes, and 8 parts can be made by one-time powder filling.
1. The parameters of the fine powder feeding spring of the invention are calculated as follows:
(1) the outer diameter D of the fine powder feeding spring is represented by the formula D-D ≥ 0.12(mm) … … (2), and D is 0.7-0.12 ≥ 0.58 (mm);
(2) the wire diameter do of the fine powder feeding spring is represented by the formula d of 3.8do +0.12(mm) … … (1),
do is 0.121 (mm);
wherein, the DO is 0.11-0.12 (mm);
(3) the screw pitch h of the fine powder feeding spring; from the formula h ≧ 1.2d (mm) … … (3), it is known that h ═ 1.2 × 0.58 ≈ 0.696(mm) ≈ 0.7(mm) ≈ 0.07 (cm);
(4) the length L1 of the fine powder feeding spring is 18 +. DELTA.L 1 is 18+15 is 33 (mm);
wherein: delta L1 is the installation length of the fine powder feeding spring, and is slightly 15 mm;
2. flow guide length parameter of the needle tube:
the inner diameter of the needle tube, namely the diameter D1 of the metal streamline is 0.7 mm;
the outer diameter D2 of the needle tube is 0.7+1 is 1.7 (mm);
the guide length L2 of the needle tube is L1+ Delta L2 is 18+5 is 23 mm;
wherein, the Delta L2 is the installation length of the needle tube, which is a little 5 mm.
3. Metal of said needle cannula of the inventionThe powder flow rate Q (g/min) was calculated as follows: q ═ k π/4 · D2·h·ρ·N……(4)；
Wherein the metal powder is spherical metal titanium powder with the particle size of-200 meshes, and rho is 2.54 (g/cm)3) (ii) a Substituting the parameters D ═ 0.07(cm) and h ═ 0.07(cm), K ═ 8, and when N ═ 80 cycles/min, the metal powder flow rate Q ═ 8 · pi/4 · (0.07)20.07 · 2.54 · 80 ═ 0.438 (g/min).
Alternatively, the metal powder of the present invention is a spherical metal titanium powder having a particle size of-200 mesh, where ρ is 2.54 (g/cm)3) (ii) a Substituting the parameters D ═ 0.07(cm) and h ═ 0.07(cm), K ═ 8, and when N ═ 100 cycles/min, the metal powder flow rate Q ═ 8 · pi/4 · (0.07)20.07 · 2.54 · 100 ═ 0.547 (g/min).
4. The time required for the 3D printer head to print a single part is calculated and determined according to the following formula, where t is W/Q … … (5);
t is the time required to print a single part, W is the weight of a single part, and Q is the metal powder flow rate (g/min).
When the weight W of a single part is 6g, the time t required for printing one part is 6 g/0.438 g/min-13.7 min or t is 6 g/0.547 g/min-10.97 min.
5. The effective volume of the syringe container of the present invention is calculated and determined according to the following formula, where V ═ W · n/ρ (cm)3)……(6)；
Here, V is the effective volume (cm) of the syringe container3) W is the weight of a single part (g), n is the number of parts in the syringe container that the metal powder can be printed on, and ρ is the bulk density of the metal powder (g/cm)3)。
The 3D printer head can print 8 parts (n is 8) by powder filling at one time, and the effective volume V of the needle tube container is 6 cm, 8 cm and 18.897cm3＝20cm3。
When the diameter of the needle tube container is phi 20mm (S is 3.14 cm)2) And then the height H is 20cm3/3.14cm2＝6.37cm。
When the metal powder flow line with the large diameter of phi 1-phi 1.5mm is required to be printed, if a large-sized part product is printed quickly, the needle tube cylinder is only required to be enlarged; however, the design of various parameters of the fine powder feeding spring and parameters such as the inner diameter D of the needle tube and the like still needs to be strictly carried out according to the formulas (1), (2) and (3).
The 3D printer head of the present invention can operate in a vacuum state or in a shielding gas (Ar, He, N, or the like), but does not require gas to transport the powder.
The invention also discloses a printing device, which is provided with the 3D printer head; the invention can change the static powder in the needle tube container into a metal powder streamline which continuously flows, has controllable flow and flow speed and has very thin diameter; the streamline diameter is stable, powder particles cannot splash, the flow rate is accurate and controllable, accurate scanning and powder spreading are carried out in the effective section range of the part graph, meanwhile, 3D printing work of the precision part is completed by matching with laser tracking scanning sintering, and the precision of a 3D printed product is improved; and also; when the printing device is used for printing, metal powder particles flow out of a needle tube with a very small diameter to form a fine powder streamline to solve the problem that the existing blind powder paving with a large area (including an invalid section) of a powder bed is replaced by the metal powder fine streamline scanning powder paving directly on the effective section of a part in the 3D printing technology. The flow of the fine powder streamline is stable and different from the powder streamline conveyed by airflow, no airflow interference exists in the scanning powder paving process, the diameter of the streamline is stable, metal powder particles cannot splash, and the flow rate is accurate and controllable; the scanning track of the metal powder streamline is not interrupted when the scanning moving speed is 40 mm/s; the printer head is arranged on a conventional three-dimensional cold printing device, and fine pure metal powder streamlines continuously generated by the printer head are utilized to accurately scan and spread powder in the effective section range of a part graph; fine scanning the metal powder streamline layer by layer strictly according to the pattern range of the section of the part, spreading powder in a program-controlled manner, and filling; meanwhile, laser beams (or electron beams) are configured in the process that the metal powder is sent out from the needle tube and reaches the surface of the part, the part is quickly tracked and heated, the metal powder area which is scanned and covered is quickly sintered or melted, and finally, the fine and complex metal and alloy parts can be manufactured; the printing device is particularly suitable for manufacturing metal products with fine structures under vacuum conditions.
The invention discloses a 3D printing method of a metal powder fine streamline, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a 3D printer head filled with metal powder, wherein a powder feeding mechanism 3 for stirring the metal powder is arranged in a storage bin of the 3D printer head;
(2) preparing printing information of the 3D printed product;
(3) the 3D printer head is driven to perform printing work, and the fine metal powder streamline is continuously sent out to reach the surface of the part to be scanned and spread;
(4) and rapidly sintering or melting the scanning-laid metal powder area to form the 3D printing product.
When the 3D printing method of the metal powder fine streamline is used for printing, the motor 4 drives the powder feeding mechanism 3 to stir the metal powder in the storage bin, the static metal powder can be changed into an ultrafine metal powder streamline, and the ultrafine metal powder streamline is continuously sent out to reach the surface of a part for accurate scanning and powder laying; rapidly sintering or melting the scanned and covered metal powder area to form a 3D printed product; has the following advantages:
1. the printer head of the invention changes the static powder in the storage bin into the metal powder streamline which continuously flows, has controllable flow and flow rate and very thin diameter, the scanning track of the metal powder streamline is not interrupted when the printer head scans and moves, the scanning and the powder spreading are uniform, and the efficiency is high; the diameter of the metal powder flow line is small and stable, the thickness of the powder bed is uniform and controllable, and the powder bed is configured to be quickly tracked and heated by laser beams; the problems of powder bed collapse, spalling, arch bridge adhesion with a sintering area and the like are not easy to occur, and the quality and the precision of a 3D printed product are improved;
2. because the diameter of the metal powder flow line is very small, when small areas of parts close to each other are printed, the powder cannot be mutually bonded, and the small parts can be separately heated and sintered in gaps, so that the fine parts can be produced; the metal powder pollution waste and low utilization rate caused by the fact that a large amount of metal powder close to the part cannot be sintered are avoided; in addition, in the sintering process, the metal powder flow line is pure metal, and the metal powder is effectively utilized due to the fact that the metal powder area which is scanned and covered is rapidly sintered or melted, the metal powder is sintered comprehensively, a large amount of metal powder cannot be bonded on the surface of a part, the 3D printing product is high in size precision and surface smoothness, less prone to pollution and waste, cleaner and tidier;
3. the metal powder has stable streamline diameter, uniform metal powder content and no gas, and has no airflow interference in the scanning powder paving process, no splashing of particles, accurate and controllable flow rate, uniform scanning powder paving and improvement on the quality and precision of a 3D printed product;
4. the printer head of the invention can accurately scan and spread powder in the effective section range of the part graph by the fine pure metal powder streamline continuously generated; the problem that the existing large-area (including invalid sections) blind powder spreading of a powder bed is replaced by metal powder fine streamline scanning powder spreading directly on the effective sections of parts in the 3D printing technology is solved; fine scanning the metal powder streamline layer by layer strictly according to the pattern range of the section of the part, spreading powder in a program-controlled manner, and filling; meanwhile, laser beams (or electron beams) are configured in the process that the metal powder reaches the surface of the part, the part is quickly tracked and heated, the metal powder area which is scanned and covered is quickly sintered or melted, and finally, fine and complex metal and alloy parts can be manufactured;
5. the method can be used for preparing large-scale 3D printing products, and the sintered products have low residual porosity, high relative density and high strength.
The above embodiments and drawings are not intended to limit the form and style of the present invention, and any suitable changes or modifications thereof by those skilled in the art should be considered as not departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a meticulous streamline 3D printer head of metal powder which characterized in that: the powder feeding device comprises a needle tube container, a needle tube, a powder feeding mechanism and a motor for driving the powder feeding mechanism to feed powder, wherein the needle tube container is directly connected with the needle tube; the powder feeding mechanism is provided with a rotating main shaft arranged in the needle tube container and the needle tube, and a reverse spiral loose powder stirring fork, a powder feeding fork and a fine powder feeding spring which are arranged on the rotating main shaft from top to bottom, wherein an output shaft of the motor is connected with the rotating main shaft; the motor drives the rotary main shaft to rotate, the rotary main shaft drives the reverse spiral loose powder stirring shifting fork and the powder feeding shifting fork to stir the metal powder in the needle tube container to form a dynamic metal powder fine streamline, and the rotary main shaft drives the fine powder feeding spring to rotate and push the metal powder to send out the metal powder fine streamline.
2. The metal powder fine flow line 3D printer head of claim 1, wherein: the powder feeding mechanism further comprises a reverse spiral loose powder shifting fork arranged on the rotating main shaft, and the reverse spiral loose powder shifting fork is positioned between the reverse spiral loose powder stirring shifting fork and the powder feeding shifting fork.
3. The metal powder fine flow line 3D printer head of claim 2, wherein: the needle tube container is provided with a cylindrical bin section, a conical hopper bin section and a feeding port section, and the needle tube is provided with a connecting section sleeved outside the feeding port section; the reverse spiral loose powder stirring shifting fork is positioned on the cylindrical bin section, the reverse spiral loose powder stirring shifting fork is positioned on the conical hopper bin section, and the powder feeding shifting fork is positioned on the feeding port section.
4. The metal powder fine flow line 3D printer head of claim 1, wherein: the parameters of the fine powder feeding spring are calculated and determined according to the following formula,
d＝3.8do+0.12(mm)……(1)，
D-d≥≥0.12(mm)……(2)，
h≥1.2d(mm)……(3)，
here, D is the outer diameter (mm) of the fine powder feeding spring, do is the wire diameter (mm) of the fine powder feeding spring, D is the inner diameter (mm) of the needle tube, is the rotational clearance (mm) of the fine powder feeding spring in the needle tube, and h is the screw pitch (mm) of the fine powder feeding spring.
5. The metal powder fine flow 3D printer head of claim 4, wherein: when the inside diameter D of the needle cannula is 0.7(mm),
the outer diameter D of the fine powder feeding spring is represented by the formula D-D ≥ 0.12(mm) … … (2),
d is 0.7-0.12 is 0.58 (mm);
the wire diameter do of the fine powder feeding spring is represented by the formula d of 3.8do +0.12(mm) … … (1),
do is 0.121 (mm);
the screw pitch h of the fine powder feeding spring; represented by the formula h is more than or equal to 1.2d (mm) … … (3),
it is known that h is 1.2 × 0.58 ≈ 0.7(mm) 0.696 (mm).
6. The metal powder fine flow 3D printer head of claim 4, wherein: the metal powder flow Q (g/min) of the needle tube is determined by calculation according to the following formula, wherein Q is k pi/4D2·h·ρ·N……(4)；
Here, Q is the flow rate of the metal powder of the needle cannula (g/min), N is the rotation speed of the fine powder feeding spring (cycle/min), k is the powder acceleration coefficient, increasing as the number of revolutions N increases; ρ is the bulk density (g/cm) of the metal powder3)。
7. The metal powder fine flow 3D printer head of claim 6, wherein: the time required for the 3D printer head to print a single part is calculated and determined according to the following formula, wherein t is W/Q … … (5);
t is the time required to print a single part, W is the weight of a single part, and Q is the metal powder flow rate (g/min).
8. The metal powder fine flow 3D printer head of claim 7, wherein: the effective volume of the syringe container is determined by calculation according to the following formula, where V ═ W · n/ρ (cm)3)……(6)；
Here, V is the effective volume (cm) of the syringe container3) W is the weight of a single part (g), n is the number of parts in the syringe container that can be printed with the metal powder, and ρ is the metal powderBulk Density (g/cm)3)。
9. The metal powder fine flow line 3D printer head of claim 1, wherein: the 3D printer head works in a vacuum state.
10. A printing apparatus, characterized by: the printing device has a 3D printer head according to any of claims 1-9.
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