CN110742864A - 一种改性中药浸膏粉的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种改性中药浸膏粉的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110742864A CN110742864A CN201811203270.7A CN201811203270A CN110742864A CN 110742864 A CN110742864 A CN 110742864A CN 201811203270 A CN201811203270 A CN 201811203270A CN 110742864 A CN110742864 A CN 110742864A
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- extract powder
- chinese medicine
- traditional chinese
- modified
- medicine extract
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种改性中药浸膏粉的制备方法,向100份中药浸膏粉中加入3‑40份辅料,制成改性中药浸膏粉。由这种改性中药浸膏粉制成的中药固体制剂吸湿率显著降低,药效强、降低了患者的中药服用剂量。所述的辅料由碳酸钙、甘露醇和硅胶粉按照10‑30:5‑15:1‑10的质量比混合制成;辅料中还可加入崩解剂和助崩剂,提高中药活性成分在溶剂中的溶解和扩散速率,使得中药起效更快、药效更稳定;用本发明所述方法制作的改性中药浸膏粉用于制作颗粒制剂、片剂、胶囊制剂等固体制剂,所制成的固体制剂方便服用、携带。本发明提供的这种改性中药浸膏粉的制备方法尤其适用于一种由黄芪、大黄、丹参等制成的、用于治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的中药浸膏粉。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域,具体涉及一种改性中药浸膏粉的制备方法。
背景技术
中药浸膏粉是中药片剂、胶囊、丸剂等成品制剂的中间产品,但是大多中药中含有蛋白质、多糖、鞣质、淀粉、粘液质等,吸湿性大,导致中药易变质、见效慢、药效不稳定。所以,降低中药的吸湿性极为重要。
现有技术中,降低吸湿性的方法主要有:浸膏粉制备工艺改进、浸膏粉中添加辅料和表面改性。其中,主要研究集中在前处理工艺改进和辅料包裹防潮两个方面。
首先,通过采用先进的提取和精制工艺除去大部分多糖、蛋白质等成分可以降低浸膏粉的吸湿性。但是,这种方法还存在不少问题,一是前处理工艺除去吸湿性成分并不具有普遍的适用性,在精制中药提取物的同时,药物成分如生物碱、苷类、有机酸等有效成分均有不同程度的损失,而多糖和微量元素尤为明显,从而影响药物的疗效;二是生产成本的提高。
其次,选用能够有效阻止水分通过的辅料将浸膏粉包裹,使药物与外界隔离,可以有效降低吸湿性。该法对中药颗粒制剂和胶囊制剂的吸湿性改良效果突出。因此,在制颗粒、胶囊时,选择恰当的辅料,或浸膏细粉与适当辅料混和,可降低其吸湿性,所述的辅料包括微粉硅胶、微晶纤维素、无水乳糖、可溶性淀粉、磷酸钠、甲壳质等。研究发现:第一,无机盐有强吸湿能力,而且吸水后形成不容易扩散的结晶水,将其包裹在浸膏粉外表面,可以减少水分对药物的影响,所以,对于强吸湿性药物,常用磷酸钠、磷酸二氢钠等无机盐作辅料;第二,辅料的选择还需按照用途考虑辅料自身的吸湿性,合理选择适当的辅料,例如棕榈酸,由于棕榈酸具有吸湿性,可以用作包裹浸膏粉的辅料,但如用于泡腾剂时则应用其他辅料来代替,或尽量减少其用量;第三,辅料之间的比例对吸湿性的影响也很大,所以需要选择恰当的配比。
公布号为CN 101244202 B的发明公开了一种中药口服固体制剂及其制备方法、含量测定方法和用途,在制剂配方中加入了相当于干浸膏量0.15~4倍的微粉硅胶或微粉硅胶和淀粉或微粉硅胶和糊精,制成了固体制剂,制成的固体制剂吸湿性较低,但是生产工艺复杂,辅料加量大。
本发明提供一种改性中药浸膏粉的制备方法,步骤简单、条件温和;采用本发明所述的方法制得的中药固体制剂吸湿性改良效果更好。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的缺陷,本发明提供了一种改性中药浸膏粉的制备方法,制作步骤简单、条件温和;用该方法制成的改性中药浸膏粉制作出的固体制剂吸湿率低、分散性好、药效稳定。
本发明公开了一种改性中药浸膏粉的制备方法,具体实施步骤如下:
步骤一,将黄芪、大黄和丹参,还可包括柴胡、益母草、白术、黄连、党参、猪苓、泽泻、山药、当归中的一种或几种,进行浸膏提取,对提取出的浸膏进行干燥,干燥后得到用于治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的中药浸膏粉;
步骤二,将碳酸钙、甘露醇和硅胶粉按照10-30:5-15:1-10的质量比混合均匀制得辅料;
步骤三,向100份所述中药浸膏粉中加入3-40份所述辅料,制成改性中药浸膏粉。
本发明中所述的份指质量份。
作为优选,步骤一中所述的中药浸膏粉由黄芪、丹参、柴胡按照2-10:1-5:1 的质量比混合后依次经过水提、醇沉、水沉、过滤、浓缩制成的浸膏体再经冷冻干燥制成的浸膏粉,与等柴胡质量的大黄粉直接混合制成。
按照步骤一所述方法制备的中药浸膏粉用于治疗慢性肾功能衰竭效果较好,但是由于这种中药浸膏粉中含有蛋白质、多糖、鞣质、淀粉、粘液质等,吸湿性大,导致中药难存储、见效慢、药效不稳定。所以,发明人对这种中药浸膏粉进行了改性研究。
现有研究表明,碳酸钙、甘露醇、硅胶粉、乳糖、淀粉、硫酸钙、碳酸氢钙等对中药浸膏粉的吸湿性都有一定的改善,但不同的中药浸膏粉成分不同,吸湿性也不同,所以,用于改善吸湿性的方法也差别较大。
本发明对步骤一所述的中药浸膏粉的原料种类、配比、制备方法和活性物质进行了大量研究发现,将碳酸钙、甘露醇和硅胶粉按照10-30:5-15:1-10的质量比混合均匀制成辅料,添加到步骤一制备的中药浸膏粉中,发现其吸湿率明显下降。
发明人进一步对这种辅料的加量做了分析、优选,发现只需在100份步骤一所制成的中药浸膏粉中加入步骤二制成的辅料3-40份,吸湿性就有很显著的改善。
作为优选,步骤二所述的辅料中还包括糊精,碳酸钙、甘露醇、硅胶粉和糊精按照5-15:5-9:2-5:2-6的质量比混合均匀,制成辅料;再优选,添加了糊精的辅料的加量可进一步减少至每100份中药浸膏粉中加入5-30份。
对步骤二中所述辅料的制备方法进行进一步优选,不仅可以减少辅料的加量、提高成品中药制剂中活性成分的含量,还可使得患者用药量和中药制剂成本下降,患者医药费也下降。本发明中所述的活性成分是指直接对病症起作用的成分,具体指未加入辅料的中药浸膏粉。
通过向步骤一制得的中药浸膏粉中加入步骤二制得的辅料,中药固体制剂的吸湿率显著下降了,但同时,由于辅料的阻水作用,使得所制成的中药固体制剂溶解速度降低了。为此,发明人对上述加入辅料的中药浸膏粉进一步进行改性,向中药浸膏粉中加入崩解剂,促进中药浸膏粉的固体制剂的溶解,加快中药固体制剂的起效速度。
崩解剂是能够促进溶质向溶剂中扩散,其作用原理如下:崩解剂能在固体制剂中形成毛细孔道,使溶剂迅速进入固体制剂内,并与崩解剂接触膨胀,导致固体制剂破碎成更小的颗粒,进而加快溶解过程。
现有技术公开了多种崩解剂,但研究发现中药浸膏粉的吸湿性对崩解剂的影响较大,部分崩解剂在吸湿性较大的药品中无法或很难发挥作用。发明人针对本发明所述的中药浸膏粉做了大量研究,发现了一种效果较好的崩解剂。这种崩解剂主要由羧甲基淀粉钠、羧甲基纤维素钙和壳聚糖配制而成。
所以,作为优选,步骤二中的辅料中还包括崩解剂。所述的崩解剂由羧甲基淀粉钠、羧甲基纤维素钙和壳聚糖按照2-10:1-5:1的质量比混合均匀制成;每 100份中药浸膏粉中崩解剂的加量为1-10份。
研究表明,对于吸湿性强的原料,部分崩解剂无效或效果很差,需要加入助崩剂帮助崩解。现有技术公开的助崩剂主要包括小分子易溶物和产气型盐,都可辅助崩解剂作用于固体颗粒,促进固体颗粒崩裂溶解。小分子易溶物包括氯化钠、木糖醇、葡萄糖、果糖等;产气型盐包括碳酸钠、碳酸钙、碳酸钾、碳酸钙镁、碳酸锌、碳酸镁、碳酸铵、甘氨酸碳酸钠、倍半碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钙、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢铵等。溶剂沿崩解剂在固体制剂中形成毛细孔道进入固体制剂内后,小分子易溶物快速溶解、在固体制剂与溶剂之间形成渗透压,加快溶剂进入固体制剂的速度,使得崩解剂快速溶解膨胀、固体制剂破裂;或者产气型盐与溶剂反应产生气体,从内压迫固体制剂破裂。
作为优选,本发明中步骤二所述的辅料中包括上述的崩解剂的同时,采用氯化钠与木糖醇的混合制剂作为助崩剂。溶剂与固体制剂接触时,氯化钠和木糖醇优先溶解协助崩解剂在固体制剂内形成毛细孔道,并在固体制剂与溶剂之间形成渗透压,加快溶剂进入固体制剂的速度,使得崩解剂快速溶解膨胀、固体制剂破裂。上述加入辅料的中药浸膏粉溶解过程中容易形成黏胶团,导致活性成分无法扩散或扩散很慢;无机盐氯化钠可以有效的破坏胶团,使得活性成分快速扩散至溶剂中。
再优选,上述的助崩剂由氯化钠和木糖醇按照2-20:1-8的质量比混合而成,每10份崩解剂中加入0.2-5份助崩剂。
进一步优选,可将本发明所述的崩解剂和助崩剂按照上述的制作方法分别制作好后,按照上述的配比混合配制成复合崩解剂。
更进一步优选,可将按上述方法制成的复合崩解剂与其他辅料按照配比进一步复合、制成优选后的辅料。使用时可将所述的辅料直接加入到已经制作好的中药浸膏粉中。
优化辅料的制备方法后,再对步骤一所述的中药浸膏粉的制备方法进一步优选,得出多种更优选的中药浸膏粉制备方法,例如:步骤一所述的中药浸膏粉由黄芪、丹参、大黄、白术、当归按照4-12:1-5:2-10:2-8:1的质量比制成;或由黄芪、丹参、大黄、柴胡、益母草按照5:5:1:0.5:1:2的质量比制成;或由黄芪、丹参、大黄、柴胡、黄连、党参、猪苓按照2:3:1:1:2:2:0.5的质量比制成,等。本发明所述的更优选的中药浸膏粉制备方法不仅限于以上的例举,本领域技术人员可根据本发明指引进一步优选。
按照本发明提供的方法制成的改性中药浸膏粉可进一步制成颗粒制剂、胶囊、片剂或丸剂,方便携带、储存、服用。
作为优选,向所述改性中药浸膏粉中加入填充剂后压片、包衣,制成片剂。再优选,包衣材料为丙烯酸树脂;填充剂为硬脂酸镁,每100份中药浸膏粉中加入40-55份硬脂酸镁。
作为优选,用湿润剂湿润所述改性中药浸膏粉,通过100目筛网造粒,制得的颗粒60℃恒温干燥,得到颗粒制剂。再优选,制得的颗粒在60℃下恒温干燥至含水率小于2%。
进一步优选,所得颗粒制剂用乙基纤维素对颗粒表面改性。经改性后的颗粒制剂表面增加一层疏水层,进一步降低颗粒的吸湿性。
再进一步优选,将颗粒制剂装入胶囊中,制成胶囊制剂。再优选,所述的胶囊壳体采用疏水无毒且易溶于水的材料制成作。进一步优选,所述的胶囊壳体采用HPMC制成。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明提供的改性的中药浸膏粉的制备方法步骤简单、条件温和;
(2)采用本发明提供的方法制得的改性中药浸膏粉中辅料添加量小,由其进一步制成中药固体制剂中活性成分含量高、患者服药量小;
(3)按照本发明提供的改性方法制成的中药固体制剂吸湿性显著降低,不易吸湿变质,方便存储且保质期更长;
(4)按照本发明提供的改性方法制成的中药固体制剂溶解速度快,服药后药品迅速破裂溶解并扩散至血液中,随血液到达身体各处,药品起效快、药效稳定。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种改性中药浸膏粉的制备方法如下:
步骤一,由黄芪、丹参、大黄、柴胡、益母草按照5:5:1:0.5:1:2的质量比混合,加入中药总质量8倍的水水提3次,获得的清液混合浓缩至70℃,再经2 次醇沉和水沉,获得的清液经树脂过滤后再浓缩至75℃,制得的浸膏后低温烘干制得中药浸膏粉。
步骤二,将碳酸钙、甘露醇和硅胶粉按照10-30:5-15:1-10的质量比混合均匀,标记为料Ⅰ,待用;
将羧甲基淀粉钠、羧甲基纤维素钙和壳聚糖按照2-10:1-5:1的质量比混合均匀,制成崩解剂待用;
将氯化钠和木糖醇按照2-20:1-8的质量比混合均匀,制成助崩剂待用;
料Ⅰ、崩解剂和助崩剂按照15-20:3-8:2-5的质量比混合均匀,制得辅料待用;
步骤三,取步骤一制得的中药浸膏粉100份,向其中加入步骤二制得的辅料 20-25份,混合均匀,制成改性中药浸膏粉。
按照上述方法制得的改性中药浸膏粉按以下方法制成颗粒制剂:
用无水乙醇湿润制得的改性中药浸膏粉,得到的湿润改性中药浸膏粉通过 100目筛网造粒,制得的颗粒在60℃下恒温干燥,直至含水率小于2%。得到颗粒制剂的吸湿率为0.9-2.0%。
上述方法制得的改性中药浸膏粉按以下方法制成颗粒制剂:
向改性中药浸膏粉中加入40-55份硬脂酸镁后压制成片,测得片剂吸湿率为 0.4-1.5%。
在所得片剂表面包裹丙烯酸树脂为材料的包衣。经测,包衣增重1.2%,片剂吸湿率为0.2-1.2%。
实施例2
如实施例1所述的方法制作中药浸膏粉和料Ⅰ、崩解剂,不同之处在于料Ⅰ、崩解剂按照3-20:10的质量比混合。其余方法与实施例1相同。
测得,颗粒制剂的吸湿率为0.7-2.1%。
实施例3
如实施例1所述的方法制作中药浸膏粉和料Ⅰ,100份中药浸膏粉中加入 20-25份料Ⅰ,其余方法与实施例1相同。
测得,颗粒制剂的吸湿率为0.4-1.7%。
实施例4
如实施例1所述的方法制作中药浸膏粉和辅料,不同之处在于料Ⅰ为由碳酸钙、甘露醇和硅胶粉按照30:5-15:1-10的质量比混合而成的,100份中药浸膏粉中加入40份料Ⅰ。其余方法与实施例1相同。
测得,颗粒制剂的吸湿率为0.5-2.2%。
实施例5
一种改性中药浸膏粉的制备方法如下:
步骤一,由黄芪、丹参、大黄、白术、当归按照4-12:1-5:2-10:2-8:1的质量比混合,加入中药总质量8倍的水水提3次,获得的清液混合浓缩至70℃,再经2次醇沉和水沉,获得的清液加入活性炭吸附、过滤后再浓缩至75℃,制得的浸膏后低温烘干制得中药浸膏粉;
步骤二,将由碳酸钙、甘露醇、硅胶粉和糊精按照5-15:5-9:2-5:2-6的质量比混合均匀,标记为料Ⅰ,待用;
将羧甲基淀粉钠、羧甲基纤维素钙和壳聚糖按照2-10:1-5:1的质量比混合均匀,制成崩解剂待用;
将氯化钠和木糖醇按照2-20:2的质量比混合均匀,制成助崩剂待用;
料Ⅰ、崩解剂和助崩剂按照15-20:5:1的质量比混合均匀,制得辅料待用;
步骤三,取步骤一制得的中药浸膏粉100份,向其中加入步骤二制得的辅料 20-25份,混合均匀,制成改性中药浸膏粉。
按照上述方法制得的改性中药浸膏粉按以下方法制成颗粒制剂:
用无水乙醇湿润制得的改性中药浸膏粉,得到的湿润改性中药浸膏粉通过 100目筛网造粒,制得的颗粒在60℃下恒温干燥,直至含水率小于2%。得到颗粒制剂的吸湿率为1.0-2.1%。
按照上述方法制得的改性中药浸膏粉按以下方法制成胶囊制剂:
将制得的颗粒制剂装入胶囊中,胶囊壳体采用HPMC材料制成。经测,胶囊壳体增重2.1%,胶囊制剂吸湿率为0.3-0.7%。
对比例1
用公开号为CN 102475761 B的专利中实施例1所述的方法制作中药浸膏,进一步制作成中药浸膏粉;其他步骤与实施例1相同。
测得,制得的颗粒制剂的吸湿率为4.0-7.8%。
对比例2
如对比例1所述的方法制得中药浸膏粉和料Ⅰ、崩解剂和助崩剂,区别在于辅料中料Ⅰ、崩解剂和助崩剂按照35:3-8:2-5的质量比混合。
测得,制得的颗粒制剂的吸湿率为3.5-6.3%。
表一颗粒制剂的性能对比表
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | |
扩散速度 | +++++ | +++ | ++ | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | +++ |
吸湿率/% | 0.9-2.0 | 0.7-2.1 | 0.4-1.7 | 0.5-2.2 | 1.0-2.1 | 4.0-7.8 | 3.5-6.3 |
活性成分含量/% | 80-83 | 80-83 | 80-83 | 71 | 80-83 | 80-83 | 80-83 |
备注:表一中用“+”半定量表征扩散速度,“+”越多表示扩散越快。
表一中的吸湿率按如下方法进行检测:取干燥具塞玻璃称量瓶,置(25士1)℃恒温干燥器(下部放置氯化钠饱和溶液)中饱和24h,精密称定质量(m)。取适量待测样品,置于上述称量瓶中,称定质量(m2)。将称量瓶口敞开,并与瓶盖同置于上述恒温条件下,待吸湿达到平衡,称定质量(m3),吸湿率的计算公式为:(m3-m2)/(m2-m)。
表一中的扩散速度按如下方法观测:取等质量的由各实施例及对比例制得的颗粒制剂备用;配制胃液模拟溶液,等体积移入一组容积和形状相同的透明烧杯中;将备好的颗粒制剂同时投入到各烧杯中,观察各烧杯中颗粒制剂的溶解情况、并用秒表辅助计时。结合观察结果和计时结果,可对扩散速度进行定性分析。
根据表一对比可知:
采用本发明公开的方法制作的改性中药浸膏粉中辅料加量小;
用本发明所述方法制得的改性中药浸膏粉进一步制成的固体制剂储存时吸湿率很小,使用时分解扩散快;
本发明公开的改性方法对于对于其他种类的中药浸膏粉也有效果,但是不及本发明指定中药浸膏粉的效果好。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上,但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用。它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域。对于熟悉本领域的人员而言,可容易地实现另外的修改。因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下,本发明并不限于特定的细节。
Claims (9)
1.一种改性中药浸膏粉的制备方法,其特征在于,
步骤一,将黄芪、大黄和丹参,还可包括柴胡、益母草、白术、黄连、党参、猪苓、泽泻、山药、当归中的一种或几种,进行浸膏提取,对提取出的浸膏进行干燥,干燥后得到用于治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的中药浸膏粉;
步骤二,将碳酸钙、甘露醇和硅胶粉按照10-30:5-15:1-10的质量比混合均匀制得辅料;
步骤三,向100份所述中药浸膏粉中加入3-40份所述辅料,制成改性中药浸膏粉。
2.如权利要求1所述的改性中药浸膏粉的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤一中所述的中药浸膏粉由黄芪、丹参、柴胡按照2-10:1-5:1的质量比混合后依次经过水提、醇沉、水沉、过滤、浓缩制成的浸膏体,再经冷冻干燥制成的浸膏粉,与等柴胡质量的大黄粉直接混合制成。
3.如权利要求1所述的改性中药浸膏粉的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤二所述的辅料中还包括糊精,将碳酸钙、甘露醇、硅胶粉与糊精按照5-15:5-9:2-5:2-6的质量比混合均匀制得辅料。
4.如权利要求3所述的改性中药浸膏粉的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤三中,向100份所述中药浸膏粉中加入5-30份步骤一制得的辅料,制成改性中药浸膏粉。
5.如权利要求1所述的改性中药浸膏粉的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤二所述的辅料中还包括崩解剂;所述的崩解剂由羧甲基淀粉钠、羧甲基纤维素钙和壳聚糖按照2-10:1-5:1的质量比混合均匀制成;每100份所述中药浸膏粉中加入所述崩解剂1-10份。
6.如权利要求5所述的改性中药浸膏粉的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤二所述的辅料中还包括助崩剂;所述的助崩剂由氯化钠和木糖醇按照2-20:1-8的质量比混合制成;每10份所述崩解剂中加入0.2-5份所述助崩剂。
7.如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的改性中药浸膏粉的用途,其特征在于,向所述改性中药浸膏粉中加入填充剂后压片、包衣,制成片剂,包衣材料为丙烯酸树脂。
8.如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的改性中药浸膏粉的用途,其特征在于,用湿润剂湿润所述改性中药浸膏粉,所得湿润的改性中药浸膏粉通过100目筛网造粒;所造颗粒在60℃下恒温干燥,制得颗粒制剂。
9.如权利要求8所述的改性中药浸膏粉的用途,其特征在于,将所述颗粒制剂装入胶囊中,制成胶囊制剂;所述的胶囊采用疏水无毒且易溶于水的材料制作胶囊壳体。
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