CN110741926A

CN110741926A - Planting method of coffee new green land

Info

Publication number: CN110741926A
Application number: CN201911068648.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张柏林
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-10-31
Filing date: 2019-10-31
Publication date: 2020-02-04

Abstract

The invention relates to a planting method of a coffee new green land. The specific steps are that, ridging and ditch irrigation are carried out; covering a mulching film; uniform fertilization and field management; and (5) transferring and pollinating. The cowpea produced by the method has the advantages of 55-80 cm long, dense pod, high yield, long harvesting period, good taste and strong disease resistance.

Description

Planting method of coffee new green land

The technical field is as follows:

the invention relates to a planting method of a coffee new green land.

Background art:

the existing cowpea planting method mostly adopts chemical component agents, the chemical fertilizer amount is too large, more matters need to be added, the manual engineering is large, the time point needs to be strictly controlled, the time and the labor are consumed, the cowpea is catalyzed by the chemical fertilizer due to the fact that the chemical fertilizer is used for many times, and even if the yield and the length are changed, the yield and the length are not changed too much. Another common planting method is to adopt isolated cross pollination, use the own variety, two varieties as female parent, select one variety as male parent, three varieties are cross pollinated, then bear cowpea and harvest, thus although the operation is simple, the born cowpea is not changed greatly, the cross breeding between the two varieties is done simply, the seed yield is not changed, a large amount of manual work is needed to graft, and the change of quantity and quality leap are not done.

The invention content is as follows:

the invention aims at the problems and provides a method for planting coffee green lands.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the method comprises the following specific steps,

1. ridging irrigation ditch

Preferably planting one seed at intervals of 10-15 CM, performing single-seed sowing, taking 60-72 CM as the row spacing of planting rows, then ditching, earthing, leveling, alternating planting rows and operating rows, and setting the ridge height to be 25-30 CM;

2. mulching film

3. Uniform fertilizer application and field management

4. Transfer pollination

When the cowpeas are pod-bearing and flower, artificial grafting pollination is carried out to hybridize the cowpeas, then planting is carried out, after planting, cowpeas and ground cowpeas can be separated, marking is carried out respectively, the cowpeas continue to grow, orthogonal crossing, reverse crossing and selecting are carried out according to seeds with different results, the screened seeds are marked and then used for single-seed sowing, the marks are carried out after planting for observation and recording, flowers which are grown after the second planting are different, the cowpeas which are grown out or have the ground cowpeas and the cowpeas, then breeding is carried out, the seeds are screened and separated, and then the planting is continued for 3-4 years to determine the stability;

the specific steps of the transformation link are as follows,

(1) selecting high-quality cowpeas as male parent and female parent in the first year, taking the cowpeas as the male parent and the female parent, taking the cowpeas between the ground cowpeas and the ground cowpeas as the male parent and the female parent, grafting the cowpeas by using long hyacinth beans as rootstocks, planting by two hybridization methods, orthogonal backcross, and dividing into two varieties; the first method is to take ground cowpea as male parent and ground cowpea as female parent, the ratio of the produced ground cowpea to ground cowpea is 4: 6; the second method is that cowpea is used as male parent, ground cowpea is used as female parent, the ratio of the cowpea to ground cowpea is 5: 5; finally, separating and screening the two varieties, collecting and recording, and then planting in the second year;

(2) the screened good-quality seeds after the first year of cross-hybridization orthogonal reverse crossing are continuously used for single-seed sowing, the seeds are marked after being planted for observation and recording, the flowers produced in the second year are different, the cowpeas with ground frames and the cowpeas with frame frames are grown, then the seed selection is carried out, the seeds are screened and separated, and the planting is continued until the third year;

(3) performing single sowing on the coffee-colored seeds separated and screened in the second year, marking, cultivating again, performing artificial pollination, enabling the cowpeas to have variation, wherein the seeds have black, white and yellow colors, then performing screening and separation on the cowpeas with the colors, and continuing sowing until the fourth year;

(4) sowing single-grain coffee seeds grown in the third year, marking and recording, performing artificial pollination to change the grown cowpeas to obtain black, yellow and coffee seeds, collecting, and planting in the fifth year;

(5) and (3) carrying out single-grain single-ridge planting on the brown variety produced in the fourth year, marking, carrying out artificial pollination, continuously checking, producing cowpea with ground frame in the last year, and carrying out separation screening, breeding, separation screening of the brown seed, and carrying out mass production of the cowpea.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the cowpea produced by the method has the advantages of 60-80 cm long, dense pod, high yield, long harvesting period, good taste and strong disease resistance.

The harvesting period is long, two flowers are grown, the fresh pods are harvested in 48-53 days of early spring planting, the purity is high, the color is pure, the pods are planted in early spring, the yield per mu is 2500-.

The variety produced by the method is suitable for planting all over the country, and does not need to be erected, so that the labor cost is greatly reduced for the manual operation, the quality is greatly improved, the purity is not less than 95%, and the germination rate is not less than 85%.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

example 1

600 ridges are formed together, preferably one seed is planted at intervals of 10CM, single-seed sowing is carried out, a measuring tape is used, line drawing measurement is carried out from the position of each upright column, the width between two lines is 60CM, namely the line spacing is obtained, and the positions of two adjacent upright columns are divided into planting lines; ditching and earthing, wherein the principle is that planting rows are alternated with operation rows, all the planting rows are earthed to the outer side of the regular scribing line to form a large and small ditch when ditching and earthing are carried out, and after ditching and earthing are carried out, the operation rows and the planting rows are respectively leveled by using a rake, so that the ridge is 25cm high; manually covering the film on the planted cowpea seeds; then respectively carrying out uniform fertilization, field management and transformation pollination.

Selecting high-quality cowpeas as male parent and female parent in the first year, taking the cowpeas as the male parent and the female parent, taking the cowpeas between the ground cowpeas and the ground cowpeas as the male parent and the female parent, grafting the cowpeas by using long hyacinth beans as rootstocks, planting by two hybridization methods, orthogonal backcross, and dividing into two varieties; the first method is to take ground cowpea as male parent and ground cowpea as female parent, the ratio of the produced ground cowpea to ground cowpea is 4: 6; the second method is that cowpea is used as male parent, ground cowpea is used as female parent, the ratio of the cowpea to ground cowpea is 5: 5; finally, separating and screening the two varieties, collecting and recording, and then planting in the second year; the screened good-quality seeds after the first year of cross-hybridization orthogonal reverse crossing are continuously used for single-seed sowing, the seeds are marked after being planted for observation and recording, the flowers produced in the second year are different, the cowpeas with ground frames and the cowpeas with frame frames are grown, then the seed selection is carried out, the seeds are screened and separated, and the planting is continued until the third year; performing single sowing on the coffee-colored seeds separated and screened in the second year, marking, cultivating again, performing artificial pollination, enabling the cowpeas to have variation, wherein the seeds have black, white and yellow colors, then performing screening and separation on the cowpeas with the colors, and continuing sowing until the fourth year; sowing single-grain coffee seeds grown in the third year, marking and recording, performing artificial pollination to change the grown cowpeas to obtain black, yellow and coffee seeds, collecting, and planting in the fifth year; and (3) carrying out single-grain single-ridge planting on the brown variety produced in the fourth year, marking, carrying out artificial pollination, continuously checking, producing cowpea with ground frame at the end of the year, wherein the color of the cowpea is not changed, separating, screening and re-selecting to obtain the brown seed which has high yield, long harvesting period and good taste, separating and screening the brown seed, and carrying out mass production of cowpea. The color of the seeds planted for five years is shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

Claims

1. A method for planting coffee green lands is characterized by comprising the following specific steps,

(1) ridging irrigation ditch

(2) mulching film

(3) Uniform fertilizer application and field management

(4) Transfer pollination

the specific steps of the transformation link are as follows,

a. selecting high-quality cowpeas as male parent and female parent in the first year, taking the cowpeas as the male parent and the female parent, taking the cowpeas between the ground cowpeas and the ground cowpeas as the male parent and the female parent, grafting the cowpeas by using long hyacinth beans as rootstocks, planting by two hybridization methods, orthogonal backcross, and dividing into two varieties; the first method is to take ground cowpea as male parent and ground cowpea as female parent, the ratio of the produced ground cowpea to ground cowpea is 4: 6; the second method is that cowpea is used as male parent, ground cowpea is used as female parent, the ratio of the cowpea to ground cowpea is 5: 5; finally, separating and screening the two varieties, collecting and recording, and then planting in the second year;

b. the screened good-quality seeds after the first year of cross-hybridization orthogonal reverse crossing are continuously used for single-seed sowing, the seeds are marked after being planted for observation and recording, the flowers produced in the second year are different, the cowpeas with ground frames and the cowpeas with frame frames are grown, then the seed selection is carried out, the seeds are screened and separated, and the planting is continued until the third year;

c. performing single sowing on the coffee-colored seeds separated and screened in the second year, marking, cultivating again, performing artificial pollination, enabling the cowpeas to have variation, wherein the seeds have black, white and yellow colors, then performing screening and separation on the cowpeas with the colors, and continuing sowing until the fourth year;

d. sowing single-grain coffee seeds grown in the third year, marking and recording, performing artificial pollination to change the grown cowpeas to obtain black, yellow and coffee seeds, collecting, and planting in the fifth year;

e. and (3) carrying out single-grain single-ridge planting on the brown variety produced in the fourth year, marking, carrying out artificial pollination, continuously checking, producing cowpea with ground frame in the last year, and carrying out separation screening, selection breeding, separation screening of the brown seed, and mass production of cowpea.