CN110741748A

CN110741748A - Swing type ploughing mechanism for removing stubbles of straw lands

Info

Publication number: CN110741748A
Application number: CN201911146590.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蒋能新
Original assignee: Shucheng Jiu Lian Pml Precision Mechanism Ltd
Current assignee: Shucheng Jiu Lian Pml Precision Mechanism Ltd
Priority date: 2019-11-21
Filing date: 2019-11-21
Publication date: 2020-02-04

Abstract

The invention discloses a swing type ploughing mechanism for removing stubbles in straw lands, which comprises a plough rod and a cross connecting rod, wherein the plough rod is in a five-rod shape consisting of two L-shaped rod sections and one trapezoidal rod section, the bottom end of the cross connecting rod is fixedly connected with a shaft collar, and the top end of the cross connecting rod is welded with a gear block; the shaft collar is sleeved with the L-shaped rod section, and the front ends and the rear ends of the two plough rods are connected by a first spring; the two gear blocks are connected with a hydraulic telescopic rod, a supporting plate is erected on a piston cylinder of the hydraulic telescopic rod, a supporting rod is erected on the gear blocks, an oil well pump and an oil storage tank are arranged on the supporting plate, the oil well pump is connected with the piston cylinder and the oil storage tank, a T-shaped pipe is inserted into the oil storage tank, a movable plug and an installation barrel are arranged at the top end of the T-shaped pipe, and a side outlet end of the T-; the plough rod is connected with the rotating shaft and the motor in a penetrating way, and the rotating shaft is provided with a knife board with a sharp thorn. The invention realizes the swing type ploughing method through intermittent oil pressure control, can turn up and crush the stubbles, has higher removal rate and crushing rate of the stubbles, is beneficial to improving the ploughing efficiency of the straw land for reclamation, and is convenient for subsequent season-rush planting.

Description

Swing type ploughing mechanism for removing stubbles of straw lands

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a swing type ploughing mechanism for removing stubbles in straw lands.

Background

In the process of returning the straw crops to the field, the two most important tasks are straw returning and stubble smashing, and if the two tasks are not well processed, the planting of the crops in the next season can be directly influenced; if the straw and the root stubble thereof are not properly treated, serious consequences such as farmland caking and invalidation can be caused.

The stubble smashing is a difficult problem to be faced by various stubble ploughs in the prior art, the prior stubble ploughs adopt a rotary blade and a plough tool with higher speed to operate cultivated land in sequence in the stubble ploughing process, the smashing effect on the stubble is poor, residual stubble blocks remain in soil, and then the next-season crop is affected.

Currently, no better stubble removing machine exists.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a swing type ploughing mechanism for removing stubbles of straw fields.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a swing type ploughing mechanism for removing stubbles in straw lands comprises two symmetrically arranged plough rods and two groups of cross connecting rods, wherein each plough rod is a five-rod shape formed by integrally forming an L-shaped rod section, a trapezoidal rod section and another L-shaped round rod section, the cross section of each L-shaped rod section is circular, the cross section of each trapezoidal rod section is triangular, the two L-shaped round rod sections are symmetrically arranged at two ends of each trapezoidal rod section, and the horizontal height of each L-shaped rod section is greater than that of a middle rod of each trapezoidal rod section;

a hinge is arranged at the central cross point of the cross connecting rod, four end points of the cross connecting rod are positioned on the same vertical surface, two end points at the bottom of the cross connecting rod are fixedly connected with shaft rings, and two end points at the top of the cross connecting rod are respectively welded with a gear block;

two shaft collars of the cross connecting rod are respectively sleeved on the L-shaped rod sections of the two plough rods, the L-shaped rod sections of the plough rods are provided with shaft shoulders corresponding to the shaft collars, a first spring is connected between the L-shaped rod sections of the two plough rods, and the front ends and the tail ends of the two plough rods are respectively connected with each other through the cross connecting rod and the first spring;

a hydraulic telescopic rod is connected between the two gear blocks of any cross connecting rod, the hydraulic telescopic rod consists of a piston rod and a piston cylinder which are mutually sleeved, one end of the piston cylinder is fixedly connected with one gear block, one end of the piston rod is fixedly connected with the other gear block, and the rod wall of the piston rod is sleeved with a second spring;

two piston cylinders are horizontally placed, a supporting plate is erected on the upper surfaces of the two piston cylinders, a supporting rod is erected between two gear blocks connected with a piston rod, two groups of oil-well pumps and an oil storage tank are arranged on the upper surface of the supporting plate, one end of each oil-well pump is communicated on one piston cylinder through a pipeline, the other end of each oil-well pump is communicated at the top of the side wall of the oil storage tank through a pipeline, a T-shaped pipe is inserted into the center of the top surface of the oil storage tank, the distance between the bottom end of the T-shaped pipe and the bottom wall of the oil storage tank is 1-2.5cm, a movable plug is movably sleeved inside the top end of the T-shaped pipe, an installation cylinder is fixedly welded on the outer ring of the top end of the T-shaped pipe, the top end of the movable plug extends out of the T-shaped pipe and is fixedly connected with a positioning plate with the inner diameter of, and the side outlet end of the T-shaped pipe is respectively connected with the two piston cylinders through pipelines;

the movable plug is positioned near the side outlet end of the T-shaped pipe, the side outlet end of the T-shaped pipe is in an open state when the movable plug slides to the highest position, and the side outlet end of the T-shaped pipe is in a closed state when the movable plug slides to the lowest position;

the rotary shafts are connected to the two ends of the trapezoid rod section of the plough rod in a penetrating mode, bearing holes sleeved with the rotary shafts are formed in the trapezoid rod section, the rotary shafts are horizontally arranged, the front ends of the rotary shafts are conical pointed ends, the rear ends of the rotary shafts are connected with motors, the end faces of the motors are welded to the plough rod through supporting columns, knife boards are distributed on the part, located in the trapezoid rod section, of the rotary shafts at equal intervals, the knife boards are specifically hard rectangular boards, and sharp spines are arranged on edges, away from the rotary shafts, of the knife boards;

the cross section of the trapezoid rod section is triangular, the trapezoid rod section forms a groove type structure, the inner side of the trapezoid rod section is a plane, the outer side of the trapezoid rod section is a sharp edge, and the sharp edge of the trapezoid rod section is milled out of the cutting edge part.

Preferably, the front end and the rear end of the plough rod are fixedly welded with traction rings.

Preferably, the motor is covered with a dust cover.

Preferably, the knife boards are spirally distributed on the shaft wall of the rotating shaft at equal intervals along the axial direction, and the included angle between the surface of the knife boards and the length direction of the rotating shaft is 10-20 degrees.

Preferably, the edge-cutting part of the trapezoidal rod section is made of high-strength nickel alloy, and the edge-cutting part of the trapezoidal rod section faces downwards and is in contact with soil.

Preferably, the first spring, the second spring and the third spring are all high-strength compression springs.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the hydraulic telescopic rod adopts the scissor-type lever to adjust the gap between the two plough cutter rods, controls the oil pressure in the oil storage tank and the T-shaped pipe through air pressure and oil pressure, and controls the opening and closing of the T-shaped pipe through the alternate change of the difference between the elasticity of the third spring and the oil pressure, so that the cyclic change of an oil way is realized, and finally, the hydraulic telescopic rod is alternately extended and shortened; the extension or the shortening of the hydraulic telescopic rod is changed in a reciprocating manner according to a certain rule, the distance between the two plough rods is also changed in a reciprocating manner, the movement track of the plough rods in the soil layer is changed into an S-shaped curve advancing track, the amplitude of the S-shaped curve depends on the extension-shortening frequency of the hydraulic telescopic rod, and therefore a swing type ploughing mode is formed, the stubbles at all positions can be turned out conveniently, the hard contact between the blade parts of the plough rods and the stubbles is changed into swing type contact, one part of the stress of the existing plough is changed into the torque force of the plough rods, and the efficiency and the plowing effect of the ploughing are improved.

2. The two trapezoidal rod sections are used as the longitudinal coulter mechanism, the straw land with stubbles advances, the cutting edge part of the longitudinal coulter mechanism directly cuts and crushes the stubbles, soil is turned over at the same time, a cutter plate above the longitudinal coulter mechanism is convenient to impact the soil, the stubbles are further crushed on one hand, and the soil on the stubbles is scattered on the other hand, so that the subsequent collection work of the stubbles is convenient; the rotating shafts and the cutting boards with sharp spines form a longitudinal rotary tillage mechanism, the two rotating shafts are controlled to rotate in opposite directions and convey soil to the inner side, and stubbles on the two sides impact each other at the moment, so that the mud is further removed and the stubbles are crushed.

3. In conclusion, the oscillating type ploughing method is realized through intermittent oil pressure control, has the function of turning up and crushing the stubbles, has higher removal rate and crushing rate of the stubbles, is beneficial to the collection work of the subsequent stubbles, is beneficial to improving the ploughing efficiency of the straw land for reclamation, saves the ploughing time and is convenient for the subsequent season-rush planting.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional structure view of a swing type plowing mechanism for removing stubble in a straw land according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a swing type ploughing mechanism for stubble removal of straw fields according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a simple diagram of the oil pressure control principle of the swing type plowing mechanism for removing stubble in straw land provided by the invention;

in the figure: the special-purpose plough comprises a plough rod 1, a cross connecting rod 2, a hinge 3, a shaft collar 4, a gear block 5, a first spring 6, a hydraulic telescopic rod 7, a second spring 8, a supporting plate 9, a supporting rod 10, an oil well pump 11, an oil storage tank 12, a T-shaped pipe 13, a movable plug 14, an installation cylinder 15, a third spring 16, a rotating shaft 17, a motor 18, a supporting column 19, a knife plate 20, a traction ring 21 and a dust cover 22.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1-2, a swing type ploughing mechanism for removing stubbles in straw lands comprises two symmetrically arranged plough rods 1 and two groups of cross connecting rods 2, wherein each plough rod 1 is a five-section rod shape formed by integrally forming an L-shaped rod section, a trapezoidal rod section and another L-shaped round rod section, the cross section of each L-shaped rod section is circular, the cross section of each trapezoidal rod section is triangular, the two L-shaped round rod sections are symmetrically arranged at two ends of each trapezoidal rod section, and the horizontal height of each L-shaped rod section is greater than that of a middle rod of each trapezoidal rod section; a hinge 3 is arranged at the central cross point of the cross connecting rod 2, four end points of the cross connecting rod 2 are positioned on the same vertical surface, two end points at the bottom of the cross connecting rod 2 are fixedly connected with a shaft collar 4, and two end points at the top of the cross connecting rod 2 are respectively welded with a gear block 5; two shaft collars 4 of the cross connecting rod 2 are respectively sleeved on the L-shaped rod sections of the two plough rods 1, the L-shaped rod sections of the plough rods 1 are provided with shaft shoulders corresponding to the shaft collars 4, a first spring 6 is connected between the L-shaped rod sections of the two plough rods 1, and the front ends and the tail ends of the two plough rods 1 are respectively connected with each other through the cross connecting rod 2 and the first spring 6; a hydraulic telescopic rod 7 is connected between the two gear blocks 5 of any cross connecting rod 2, the hydraulic telescopic rod 7 consists of a piston rod and a piston cylinder which are mutually sleeved, one end of the piston cylinder is fixedly connected with one gear block 5, one end of the piston rod is fixedly connected with the other gear block 5, and the rod wall of the piston rod is sleeved with a second spring 8; the two piston cylinders are horizontally arranged, a supporting plate 9 is erected on the upper surfaces of the two piston cylinders, a supporting rod 10 is erected between the two gear blocks 5 connected with the piston rod, and two groups of oil-well pumps 11 and an oil storage tank 12 are arranged on the upper surface of the supporting plate 9; in the invention, the cross connecting rods 2 form a scissor type lever structure, the two cross connecting rods 2 are relatively independent and are respectively positioned at the front end and the rear end of each plough rod, the distance between the two plough rods 2 is increased or decreased along with the extension or the shortening of the hydraulic telescopic rod 7, if the extension or the shortening of the hydraulic telescopic rod 7 is changed in a reciprocating way according to a certain rule, the distance between the two plough rods 2 is also changed in a reciprocating way, the movement track of the plough rods 2 in the soil layer is changed into an S-shaped curve advancing track, the amplitude of the S-shaped curve depends on the extension-shortening frequency of the hydraulic telescopic rod 7, thus a swinging plough mode is formed, the stubbles at all positions are favorably turned out, the hard contact between the blade parts of the plough rods 1 and the stubbles is changed into swinging contact, and one part of the stress of the existing plough is changed into the torque force of the plough rods 1, is favorable for improving the efficiency of ploughing and the effect of ploughing.

Referring to fig. 3, one end of an oil pump 11 is communicated with one of the piston cylinders through a pipeline, the other end of the oil pump 11 is communicated with the top of the side wall of the oil storage tank 12 through a pipeline, a T-shaped pipe 13 is inserted into the center of the top of the oil storage tank 12, the distance between the bottom end of the T-shaped pipe 13 and the bottom wall of the oil storage tank 12 is 1-2.5cm, a movable plug 14 is movably sleeved inside the top end of the T-shaped pipe 13, an installation cylinder 15 is fixedly welded on the outer ring of the top end of the T-shaped pipe 13, the top end of the movable plug 14 extends out of the T-shaped pipe 13 and is fixedly connected with a positioning plate with the inner diameter larger than that of the T-shaped pipe 13, the bottom end of the movable plug 14 is a cone, the top surface of the positioning plate is connected to the top wall of the installation cylinder 15 through; the movable plug 14 is positioned near the side outlet end of the T-shaped pipe 13, and along with the opening state of the side outlet end of the T-shaped pipe 13 when the movable plug 14 slides to the highest position, the closing state of the side outlet end of the T-shaped pipe 13 when the movable plug 14 slides to the lowest position;

the oil pressure control of the present invention is composed of two states:

the first state: the oil storage tank 12 is controlled by adopting oil pressure and air pressure, the two oil-well pumps 11 pump oil and air in the piston cylinder to the oil storage tank 12, at the moment, the hydraulic telescopic rod 7 is shortest, the oil-well pumps 11 apply pressure to the air at the upper part of the oil storage tank 12, the oil pressure in the T-shaped pipe 13 is gradually increased and overcomes the third spring 16 to force the movable plug 14 to move upwards, the side outlet end of the T-shaped pipe 13 is gradually opened, the oil is conveyed into the piston cylinder, and the hydraulic telescopic rod 7 is extended, as shown in the left drawing in fig. 3;

and a second state: the side outlet end of the T-shaped pipe 13 is opened to promote the liquid to form a circulation path, the gas pressure in the oil storage tank 12 is rapidly reduced, the oil pressure in the T-shaped pipe 13 is rapidly reduced to promote the movable plug 14 to move downwards, the side outlet end of the T-shaped pipe 13 is rapidly closed, and at the moment, the oil and the air in the piston cylinder are pumped into the oil storage tank 12 and return to the first state, as shown in the right drawing in fig. 3; the two states are alternated, so that the hydraulic telescopic rod 7 is extended and shortened according to a certain alternating frequency, the blade part of the plough rod 1 is promoted to present an S-shaped travelling route in the soil layer, and the fluctuation frequency of the S-shaped travelling route depends on the power of the oil well pump 11 and the length of the piston cylinder of the hydraulic telescopic rod 7.

Referring to fig. 1-2, two ends of a trapezoidal rod section of a plough rod 1 are connected with rotating shafts 17 in a penetrating manner, the trapezoidal rod section is provided with bearing holes sleeved with the rotating shafts 17, the rotating shafts 17 are horizontally arranged, the front end of each rotating shaft 17 is a conical pointed end, the rear end of each rotating shaft 17 is connected with a motor 18, the end surface of each motor 18 is welded on the plough rod 1 through supporting columns 19, knife boards 20 are distributed on the part, located in the trapezoidal rod section, of each rotating shaft 17 at equal intervals, each knife board 20 is specifically a hard rectangular board, and sharp spines are arranged on edges, far away from the rotating shafts 17, of the knife; the cross section of the trapezoid rod section is triangular, the trapezoid rod section forms a groove type structure, the inner side of the trapezoid rod section is a plane, the outer side of the trapezoid rod section is a sharp edge, and the sharp edge of the trapezoid rod section is milled out of the cutting edge part. In the invention, the two trapezoidal rod sections are used as a longitudinal coulter mechanism to advance a straw field with stubbles, the cutting edge parts of the two trapezoidal rod sections directly cut and crush the stubbles, and simultaneously turn over soil, so that a cutter plate 20 above the soil can conveniently impact the soil, the stubbles are further crushed on one hand, and the soil on the stubbles is scattered on the other hand, thereby facilitating the collection work of the following stubbles; the rotating shafts 17 and the cutting boards 20 with spikes form a longitudinal rotary tillage mechanism, and the two rotating shafts 17 are controlled to rotate in opposite directions and convey soil to the inner side, so that stubbles on two sides impact each other, and the stubbles are further deslimed and crushed.

Referring to fig. 1-2, the front end and the rear end of the plow stick 1 are fixedly welded with traction rings 21, which is convenient for mounting the plowing mechanism of the present invention on a motor tractor.

Referring to fig. 2, a dust cover 22 is covered outside the motor 18 to prevent dust from adhering to the inside of the motor 18.

Referring to fig. 1-2, the cutting boards 20 are spirally distributed on the axial wall of the rotating shaft 17 at equal intervals along the axial direction, and the included angle between the surface of the cutting board 20 and the length direction of the rotating shaft 17 is 10-20 degrees, so that a certain inclined included angle is formed, which is beneficial for the cutting board 20 and the contact surface between the sharp thorns and the stubbles on the cutting board 20 to continuously cut the stubbles, and has a certain soil-leveling function, so that the soil area where the rotating shaft 17 is located tends to be flat, and the stubbles with larger blocks are located in uneven areas, thereby facilitating the continuous collection and treatment of the following stubbles.

Referring to fig. 1-2, the edge of the trapezoidal rod section is made of high-strength nickel alloy, the edge of the trapezoidal rod section faces downward and contacts with soil, which is a conventional arrangement of a plough coulter, and the tip of the trapezoidal rod section is certainly positioned at the lower part, so that the plough coulter 1 can be smoothly pressed into the soil layer under the action of self gravity.

Referring to fig. 1, the first spring 6, the second spring 8, and the third spring 16 are all high-strength compression springs.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The swing type ploughing mechanism for removing stubbles in straw lands comprises two symmetrically arranged plough rods (1) and two groups of cross connecting rods (2), and is characterized in that the plough rods (1) are five rod-shaped sections which are integrally formed by an L-shaped rod section, a trapezoidal rod section and another L-shaped round rod section, the cross section of the L-shaped rod section is circular, the cross section of the trapezoidal rod section is triangular, the two L-shaped round rod sections are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the trapezoidal rod section, and the horizontal height of the L-shaped rod section is greater than that of a middle rod of the trapezoidal rod section;

a hinge (3) is arranged at the central cross point of the cross connecting rod (2), four end points of the cross connecting rod (2) are positioned on the same vertical surface, shaft rings (4) are fixedly connected to two end points at the bottom of the cross connecting rod (2), and gear blocks (5) are respectively welded to two end points at the top of the cross connecting rod (2);

the two shaft collars (4) of the cross connecting rod (2) are respectively sleeved on the L-shaped rod sections of the two plough rods (1), the L-shaped rod sections of the plough rods (1) are provided with shaft shoulder parts corresponding to the shaft collars (4), a first spring (6) is connected between the L-shaped rod sections of the two plough rods (1), and the front ends and the tail ends of the two plough rods (1) are respectively connected with each other through the cross connecting rod (2) and the first spring (6);

a hydraulic telescopic rod (7) is connected between the two gear blocks (5) of any cross connecting rod (2), the hydraulic telescopic rod (7) is composed of a piston rod and a piston cylinder which are sleeved with each other, one end of the piston cylinder is fixedly connected with one gear block (5), one end of the piston rod is fixedly connected with the other gear block (5), and the rod wall of the piston rod is sleeved with a second spring (8);

the two piston cylinders are horizontally arranged, the upper surfaces of the two piston cylinders are provided with supporting plates (9), a supporting rod (10) is erected between the two gear blocks (5) connected with the piston rods, the upper surface of each supporting plate (9) is provided with two groups of oil-well pumps (11) and an oil storage tank (12), one end of each oil-well pump (11) is communicated with one piston cylinder through a pipeline, the other end of each oil-well pump (11) is communicated with the top of the side wall of the oil storage tank (12) through a pipeline, a T-shaped pipe (13) is inserted into the central position of the top surface of the oil storage tank (12), the distance between the bottom end of the T-shaped pipe (13) and the bottom wall of the oil storage tank (12) is 1-2.5cm, a movable plug (14) is sleeved on the inner part of the top end of the T-shaped pipe (13), and an installation barrel body (15, the top end of the movable plug (14) extends out of the T-shaped pipe (13) and is fixedly connected with a positioning plate larger than the inner diameter of the T-shaped pipe (13), the bottom end of the movable plug (14) is a cone, the top surface of the positioning plate is connected to the top wall of the mounting cylinder body (15) through a third spring (16), the side outlet end of the T-shaped pipe (13) is positioned above the oil storage tank (12), and the side outlet end of the T-shaped pipe (13) is connected with the two piston cylinders through pipelines respectively;

the movable plug (14) is positioned near the side outlet end of the T-shaped pipe (13), and along with the fact that the side outlet end of the T-shaped pipe (13) is in an open state when the movable plug (14) slides to the highest position, the side outlet end of the T-shaped pipe (13) is in a closed state when the movable plug (14) slides to the lowest position;

the plough rod is characterized in that rotary shafts (17) are connected to two ends of a trapezoid rod section of the plough rod (1) in a penetrating mode, bearing holes which are connected with the rotary shafts (17) in a sleeved mode are formed in the trapezoid rod section, the rotary shafts (17) are horizontally placed, the front end of each rotary shaft (17) is a conical pointed end, the rear end of each rotary shaft (17) is connected with a motor (18), the end face of each motor (18) is welded to the plough rod (1) through supporting columns (19), knife boards (20) are distributed on the part, located in the trapezoid rod section, of each rotary shaft (17) at equal intervals, each knife board (20) is a hard rectangular board, and sharp spines are arranged on edges, far away from the rotary shafts (17), of the knife;

the cross section of trapezoidal pole section is triangle-shaped, trapezoidal pole section forms the slot type structure, the inboard of trapezoidal pole section is the plane, the outside of trapezoidal pole section is sharp arris limit, just the sharp arris limit of trapezoidal pole section mills out the cutting part.

2. The oscillating plow mechanism for stubble ploughing of straw lands as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the front end and the rear end of the plow lever (1) are fixedly welded with traction rings (21).

3. The oscillating plow mechanism for stubble ploughing of straw as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said motor (18) is covered with a dust cover (22).

4. The oscillating plowing mechanism for removing stubbles from straw ground is characterized in that the knife boards (20) are spirally distributed on the shaft wall of the rotating shaft (17) at equal intervals along the axial direction, and the included angle between the surface of the knife board (20) and the length direction of the rotating shaft (17) is 10-20 degrees.

5. The oscillating plow field mechanism for stubble ploughing of straw lands as claimed in claim 1, wherein the edge of the trapezoidal rod section is made of high-strength nickel alloy material, and the edge of the trapezoidal rod section faces downward and contacts with soil.

6. The oscillating plow mechanism for stubble ploughing of straw as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said first spring (6), second spring (8) and third spring (16) are all high-strength compression springs.