RU2571798C1 - Machine for descending stumps - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: machine comprises a frame 1 connected to the boom of the hydraulic manipulator 2, the working bodies for removal of soil around the stump and its chopping, transmission, and the control mechanism. The frame is made in the form of the oscillating rocker on the ends of which there is a rotor-cleaner 3 and a rotor-chopper 4 providing the continuity of the process of stumps cleaning from soil, and their subsequent chopping.

EFFECT: this implementation enables to reduce the material and labour costs, material consumption of the process of technological removal of stumps.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

A machine for lowering stumps relates to forestry engineering, in particular to devices for forming a platform-recess around the stumps with their cleansing from the soil below the surface of the earth and subsequent crushing.

Crushing stumps at the place of their growth is more environmentally friendly and more productive process compared to uprooting of lever-type machines, performed due to the tractor engine power transmitted through the selection shaft when the tractor is stopped.

Known machine for removing stumps MUP-4 ("Machines and mechanisms of forestry and forestry." Reference. M., 2009, S. 149-151), consisting of an arrow, milling and crushing working body, drive mechanism, frame. The working body is a truncated cone, in the lower base of which there are fixed cutting elements - cutters, and on racks - forming a cone - cleaving knives.

However, the MUP-4 machine crushes only the aerial part of the stumps, leaving the rest of each stump in the ground, which is an obstacle to the work of tillage, sowing, planting and other machines used for reforestation at felling and burners that have been forest fires. When stumps are removed below the surface of the earth, cutting and shearing knives of the working body interact with an abrasive medium, which causes intensive wear, increased loads and reduced productivity. The next significant drawback is the invariable departure of the boom, which does not allow moving the working body when crushing stumps larger than the diameter of the working body, not including the gearbox of the tractor for its movement, which makes it very difficult to move the working body by a small amount and thereby increases the time for crushing stumps .

Known platform maker (RF patent No. 2496294, A01C 11/00, A01C 5/00, A01G 23/00, publ. 10/27/2013) containing a frame, rotors with radially arranged cultivators-cleaners, articulated suspension of rotors to the frame, rotor control cylinder depending on the diameter of the stumps and hydraulic drive. Suspended on the boom of a hydraulic manipulator equipped with a rotator, providing a reverse rotation of the rotors by an angle of ± 410 ° around the stump.

However, the use of the rotator and the rotation of the rotors around the stump complicates the design of the platform maker, causing additional lateral forces arising from the rotation, which reduces the reliability of the entire structure. For the same reason, flexible elements undergo complex bending in two planes, turning into torsional deformation, which also reduces their durability and reliability.

A common drawback is that the processes of cleaning stumps from the soil with the formation of a deepening area around each stump and crushing of their aboveground parts are separated in time, performed by different units, which increases the time for clearing and burning of stumps.

The invention solves the problem of improving the working conditions of tillage, sowing, planting and other forestry machines on unforested felling and burns, reducing the wear of active working bodies working in an abrasive medium while lowering stumps, increasing the reliability and productivity of mechanisms that lower stumps below the ground by removing the upper the soil layer from the stump to the sides with simultaneous cleaning of the exposed part of it from adhering soil at an agrotechnically acceptable depth and eliminating the movement of tra Ktor until complete crushing of the removed part of the stumps of large sizes.

This is achieved by the fact that in the machine for lowering stumps containing a frame connected to the boom of the hydraulic manipulator, the working bodies for removing soil around the stump and its grinding, transmission and control mechanism, according to the invention, the frame is made in the form of a rocking arm, at the ends of which a rotor cleaner and rotor-grinder, ensuring the continuity of the process of cleaning stumps from the ground and their subsequent grinding. The rotor-cleaner is made in the form of separate radially arranged sections covering the stump around the circumference, and flexible elements of different lengths, decreasing from the edges to the middle, the ends of which form an arc close to the outer shape of the stump in cross section. The sections of the rotor-cleaner are made in the form of separate rotating rotors and are connected to the frame by means of two-arm levers and leads, controlled by a hydraulic cylinder, changing their removal in the radial direction from the axis of rotation of the rotor-cleaner, depending on the diameter of the stump.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a machine for lowering stumps, left view; in FIG. 2 - the same, top view; in FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a rotor cleaner; in FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the operation of the rotor-grinder.

The stump lowering machine consists of a frame 1 connected to the boom of a hydraulic manipulator 2, a rotor-cleaner 3, a rotor-grinder 4, a hydraulic cylinder for turning the frame 5 and a hydraulic cylinder for moving sections of the rotor-cleaner, depending on the diameter of the stumps 6, hydraulic motors for driving the rotor-chopper 7 and sections of the rotor-cleaner 8 through a chain gear 9 and Hooke hinges 10. The divergence and convergence of the sections of the rotor-cleaner, depending on the diameter of the stumps, is made by a hydraulic cylinder 6, rigidly connected to the frame 1 through two shoulders levers 11 by turning them into a joint 12 and leashes 13. The rotor-chopper is connected to the frame with the possibility of turning in the vertical plane by the hydraulic cylinder 14 until it is installed, when the working surface of the end occupies a position parallel to the surface of the stump, that is, it is installed vertically. Departure of the boom 2 is changed by the hydraulic cylinder 15.

Machine for lowering stumps operates as follows. The operator, when the unit is in the stopped position, uses the hydraulic manipulator 2 and the hydraulic cylinder to rotate the frame 5, sets the rotor cleaner above the stump, lowers it down, spreads the sections in the radial direction using the hydraulic cylinder 6, depending on the diameter of the stump and turns on the drive motor. With further lowering of the section of the rotor-cleaner with their flexible elements, they contact the side surface of the stump within their entire working width due to the variable length of the flexible elements, deepen and remove the topsoil to a predetermined depth along with the soil adhering to the stump, casting it away from the stump. The rotor-grinder at this time is in an idle position above the surface of the earth and away from the stump.

After cleaning the stump from the soil and forming a platform-recess around the stump, the operator puts the rotor-cleaner in the upper idle state by turning the rocker arm with the help of hydraulic cylinder 6, and the rotor-grinder located at its opposite end is lowered and brought by the boom of the hydraulic manipulator to the cleaned stump by turning hydraulic manipulator columns. The rotor is mounted so that the generatrix of the cone occupies a vertical position, after which the operator turns on the rotor drive hydraulic motor and the stump is crushed into wood chips when the boom moves in a horizontal plane.

This process is repeated when moving to the next stump. The number of stumps removed from one stop of the unit depends on their distribution over the area within the reach of the boom of the hydraulic manipulator, which can be changed from minimum to maximum.

The combination in one design of the working bodies for cleaning stumps from adhering soil, forming a platform-recess around the stumps and then crushing them reduces material and labor costs, the material consumption of the process, since stump removal is performed by one unit instead of two using existing technology, increases productivity and creates conditions to increase the efficiency of planting machines, cultivators and other machines.

Claims (3)

1. Machine for lowering stumps, containing a frame connected to the boom of the hydraulic manipulator, working bodies for removing soil around the stump and grinding it, transmission and control mechanism, characterized in that the frame is made in the form of a rocking arm, at the ends of which there is a rotor cleaner rotor-grinder, ensuring the continuity of the process of cleaning stumps from the ground and their subsequent grinding. 2. A machine for lowering stumps according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor cleaner is made in the form of separate radially arranged sections covering the stump around the circumference, and the flexible elements of the sections are of different lengths, decreasing from the edges to the middle, the ends of which form an arc, close to the outer shape of the stump in cross section. 3. A machine for lowering stumps according to claim 2, characterized in that the sections of the rotor-cleaner are made in the form of separate rotating rotors and are connected to the frame by means of two-arm levers and leashes controlled by a hydraulic cylinder that changes their radial removal from the axis of rotation of the rotor-cleaner depending on the diameter of the stump.

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