CN110736821A - Model test device of landslide area pipeline safety based on gravity loading material - Google Patents
Model test device of landslide area pipeline safety based on gravity loading material Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
- G01M5/005—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
- G01M5/0058—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems of elongated objects, e.g. pipes, masts, towers or railways
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a model test device for the safety of pipelines in a landslide area based on gravity-loaded materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a model test device for the safety of pipelines in a landslide region based on gravity loading materials.
Background
The landslide is the overall gliding damage generated by shearing of partial rock and soil bodies forming the slope under natural conditions and geological conditions determined at under the action of gravity mainly along a weak surface (or a weak belt) determined at in the slope.
At the present stage, the independent research on the pipeline and landslide disasters is comprehensive, the research on the pipeline and landslide disasters is less by combining the pipeline and the landslide disasters, and the influence rule of landslide body sliding on the laying pipeline cannot be deeply understood when different slope inclination angles, different slope heights or rainfall occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide model test devices for pipeline safety in landslide regions based on gravity-loaded materials, which simulate the influence of landslide on the safety of pipeline at the bottom of a slope when landslide mass slips at different slope angles, different slope heights or rainfall.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
model test device for landslide area pipeline safety based on gravity loading material, the test device comprises a preparation system and a loading system, the preparation system comprises a guide frame, a support, a water pipe, a rainfall spray head, an electromagnet bottom plate, a device bottom plate, a short side plate capable of being spliced, a long side plate capable of being spliced, a strip-shaped control plate, a movable side plate, a short side plate, a long side plate, a pipeline, a connecting bolt and an electromagnetic control device, the loading system comprises a reaction frame and a hydraulic jack, the preparation system is fixed on the electromagnet bottom plate through the guide frame, the detachable support is fixed on the upper portion of the guide frame, the water pipe and the rainfall spray head are fixed on the support, the long side plate and the short side plate are inserted into the guide frame and fixed, the pipeline is inserted into a reserved fixed pipeline hole, the reserved pipeline hole is divided into an upper hole and a lower hole, the pipeline is laid on the ground surface, the short side plate capable of being spliced, the long side plate capable of being spliced, the strip-shaped control plate after being cut, the movable side plate is assembled and fixed with the device through the slot and the high-strength bolt and connected with the device through the front, the hydraulic jack, the cylinder body, and the loading system comprises five reverse-strength connecting rods, the front, the hydraulic jack, the left jack, the right jack, the reverse jack.
The preparation system of the device can simulate the influence of slope height when landslide occurs by changing the number of the side plates which can be spliced; simulating the influence of the slope angle of the landslide when the landslide occurs by changing the cut strip-shaped control plates with different slope angles; the influence of rainfall on the landslide can be simulated through rainfall spray heads.
The conventional landslide model test is a model test in which a prototype size is reduced by n times in geometric similarity in a (1g) gravity field of 1 time of gravitational acceleration. Compared with a conventional landslide model device, the method utilizes the gravity loading principle to prepare the magnetic rock-soil similar material, outputs electromagnetic force to the rock-soil similar material through the electromagnetic applying device, equivalently increases the gravity borne by the rock-soil body, and realizes the sliding of the landslide body. According to the similarity of the magnetic force field and the gravity field:
the magnetic field force of the magnetic particles in the magnetic field is
Fmagnetic＝m·x·V·H·grad(H) (1)
In the formula: g- -acceleration of gravity, unit m/s2(ii) a m-mass, x-specific magnet susceptibility (x ═ k/ρ, k-volume susceptibility, ρ -density), H-field strength, V-magnet volume, grad (H) -field gradient.
The above formula shows that the magnetic force acting on the magnetic particles is determined by the magnetic field force H.grad (H) of the magnetic particles and the magnetic equipment, and in the uniform gradient magnetic field with determined size, x, V, H, grad (H) are all constant values, and x.V.H.grad (H) is constant value.
Considering that the magnetic materials at different parts of the sample are subjected to different forces, but the forces are the same as those of layers of magnetic materials, the magnetic materials can be calculated in a layered mode and finally overlapped.
The magnetic force and the gravity of the sample of a certain layers of magnetic material are respectively
Fmagnetic＝m·x·V·H·grad(H) (2)
G＝m·g (3)
The mixing force of the sample and the magnetic material is forced to
F＝G+Fmagnetic＝m·g·(1+x·V·H·grad(H)/g) (4)
Given that x, V, H, grad (H) are constant values, let n be x · V · H · grad (H)/g,
F＝m·g·(1+m·x·V·H·grad(H)/g)＝(1+n)·m·g (5)
that is, the bulk weight of the material is increased by (1+ n) times by the electromagnetic force.
The mixing force of the different layer samples and the magnetic material can be expressed as formula (5).
Therefore, iron powder materials are doped into the soil body, and the (1+ n) g gravity field is simulated by the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet bottom plate of the device, so that the purpose of loading or overloading the slope body is achieved, and the sliding of the slope body is realized.
The device of the invention adjusts the number of the movable side plates and selects reasonable strip-shaped control plates according to the design requirements, and the movable side plates are spliced and fixed to form a whole; according to the principle of similar materials, the simulation materials adopted by the model test have better similarity with the physical and mechanical properties of the raw materials, and referring to the principle, the similar materials of the landslide model, which take iron powder, barite powder, powdered clay, double flying powder, bentonite, river sand, floor wax, talcum powder and other materials as main bodies, can meet the similar requirements proposed by the model similarity theory. Filling similar raw materials into a preparation system according to a calculated proportion, removing a side plate of the preparation system after the similar materials meet the strength requirement, setting a pressure value of a hydraulic jack according to a similar scale and the ground stress in the actual engineering, carrying out ground stress loading to form the ground stress required by the experiment, increasing a sample gravity field by adjusting an electromagnetic control device to enable a sample landslide body to slide off, simulating a landslide test (if rainfall factors need to be considered, a water pipe is connected for precipitation during the experiment), enabling the landslide body to be impacted after a pipeline at the bottom of the landslide, detecting the safety of the pipeline by obtaining the distribution of the pipeline pressure and the change of displacement through sensors embedded at the periphery of the pipeline, and completing a model test of the pipeline safety in the landslide area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the device can simulate the landslide model test at different slope heights, slope surface inclination angles or in rainfall by changing the number of the short side plates, replacing the bar-shaped control plates and switching the rainfall spray heads according to the test requirements, and detect the pipeline safety.
2. The device has simple structure, convenient operation and repeated use.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the overall structure of the device is shown schematically.
FIG. 2: the plane structure of the device is shown schematically.
FIG. 3: the internal structure of the device is shown schematically.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a reaction frame, 2 hydraulic jacks, 3 guide frames, 4 supports, 5 water pipes, 6 rainfall spray heads, 7 electromagnet bottom plates, 8 spliced short-side plates, 9 spliced long-side plates, 10 strip-shaped control plates, 11 short-side plates, 12 long-side plates, 13 device bottom plates, 14 short-side plates, 15 movable side plates, 16 pipelines, 17 fixed pipeline holes, 18 connecting bolts and 19 electromagnetic control devices.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in figures 1-3, model test devices for pipeline safety in landslide regions based on gravity loading materials are manufactured, and the model test devices comprise a reaction frame 1, a hydraulic jack 2, a guide frame 3, a support 4, a water pipe 5, a rainfall spray head 6, an electromagnet bottom plate 7, an electromagnet bottom plate 8, a short side plate capable of being spliced 9, a long side plate capable of being spliced 10, a strip-shaped control plate 11, a short side plate 12, a long side plate 13, a device bottom plate 14, a short side plate 15, a movable side plate 16, a pipeline 17, a fixed pipeline hole 18, a connecting bolt 19 and an electromagnetic control device.
It is noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention at unless otherwise indicated.
The forming die adopted in the embodiment is a steel die and comprises a preparation system and a loading system: the bottom plate of the preparation system is formed by splicing and fixing an electromagnet bottom plate 7 and a device bottom plate 13, a guide frame 3 is fixed on the device bottom plate, a detachable support 4 is fixed on the upper portion of the guide frame 3, a water pipe 5 and a precipitation nozzle 6 are fixed on the support, a long-side plate 12, a short-side plate 11 and a short-side plate 14 are inserted into the guide frame 3 to be fixed, a pipeline 16 is inserted into a fixed pipeline hole 17 reserved on the long-side plate 12, a spliced short-side plate 8, a spliced long-side plate 9, a cut strip-shaped control plate 10 and a movable side plate 15 are assembled and fixed through high-strength bolts and are connected with the device into a. The loading system comprises a reaction frame 1 and hydraulic jacks 2, wherein the reaction frame is formed by connecting a front surface, a rear surface, a left surface, a right surface and a lower surface through high-strength bolts, the hydraulic jacks 2 are positioned on the front surface, the rear surface and the left lower surface of the reaction frame, a cylinder body of each hydraulic jack is fixed on the corresponding reaction frame, and a power rod is provided with a square thruster for loading.
The preparation system of the device can simulate the influence of the slope height when landslide occurs by changing the number of the side plates 8 which can be spliced; simulating the influence of the slope angle of the landslide when the landslide occurs by changing the cut strip-shaped control plates 10 with different inclination angles; the influence of rainfall on the landslide can be simulated by the rainfall of the rainfall spray heads 6.
In order to realize the self-sliding of the sliding mass, the device simulates the gravity field by using the principle of simulating the gravity field by an external force field, and simulates the (1+ n) g gravity field by doping iron powder materials in the soil body and receiving the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet bottom plate 7 of the device according to the similarity of the magnetic force field and the gravity field, thereby achieving the purpose of loading or overloading an experimental sample and realizing the sliding of the sliding mass.
The model test methods for landslide area pipeline safety by using the device provided by the invention are as follows:
, selecting side plates to be spliced and making strip-shaped control plates
According to the landslide slope height and the landslide inclination of experimental design, selected splicing short side plates 8 and splicing long side plates 9 are fixed on a guide frame 3 through grooves and connecting bolts, a rectangular steel plate is cut into strip-shaped control plates 10, and the strip-shaped control plates 10 are fixed on the guide frame 3 and the splicing long side plates 9 through slots.
Second, selecting the position of the pipeline
The reserved fixed pipeline holes 17 are divided into an upper hole and a lower hole, the lower hole simulates a pipeline laid under the ground, the upper hole simulates a pipeline laid on the ground, and the pipeline 16 is inserted into the reserved fixed pipeline holes 17 on the long side plates 12 according to the experimental requirements.
Thirdly, filling similar materials of the slope body
Weighing similar raw materials required by the experiment according to the calculated proportion, uniformly stirring the raw materials by using a stirrer, filling the similar raw materials into a preparation system, and scraping and maintaining the similar raw materials by using a scraper along the plate surface.
Fourth, test sample forming
And (3) the similar materials to be filled meet the strength requirement, and the short side plates 8 which can be spliced, the long side plates 9 which can be spliced, the strip-shaped control plates 10, the short side plates 11, the long side plates 12, the short side plates 14 and the movable side plates 15 are dismantled.
Fifth, ground stress loading
And setting the pressure value of the hydraulic jack 2 according to the similar scale and the ground stress in the actual engineering, and carrying out ground stress loading to form the ground stress required by the experiment.
Sixthly, simulating a sliding test of a sliding body
Opening the electromagnetic control device 19, adjusting the electromagnetic control device to apply electromagnetic force to the experimental sample, increasing the current through the electromagnetic control device to enhance the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet bottom plate 7, increasing the gravity of the sample to achieve an overload effect according to the similarity of a magnetic force field and a gravity field, so that a landslide body slides down, simulating a landslide test (if rainfall factors need to be considered, a water pipe 5 is connected for rainfall during the experiment), impacting a pipeline 16 at the bottom of the landslide body after sliding down, detecting the safety of the pipeline by obtaining the distribution of pipeline pressure and the change of displacement through sensors embedded at the periphery of the pipeline, and completing a model test of the pipeline safety of a landslide region.
Claims (4)
- Model test device of the landslide area pipeline safety based on gravity loading material of kind, characterized by, including preparation system and loading system, wherein:the preparation system comprises a guide frame, a support, a water pipe, a rainfall spray head, an electromagnet bottom plate, a device bottom plate, a short-edge side plate capable of being spliced, a long-edge side plate capable of being spliced, a strip-shaped control plate, a movable side plate, a short-edge side plate, a long-edge side plate, a pipeline, a connecting bolt and an electromagnetic control device; the preparation system is characterized in that a guide frame is fixed on an electromagnet bottom plate, a detachable support is fixed on the upper portion of the guide frame, a water pipe and a precipitation nozzle are fixed on the support, a long-side plate and a short-side plate are inserted into the guide frame to be fixed, a pipeline is inserted into a reserved fixed pipeline hole, the reserved pipeline hole is divided into an upper hole and a lower hole, the lower hole simulates a pipeline laid at the ground bottom, the upper hole simulates a pipeline laid on the ground surface, and the spliceable short-side plate, the spliceable long-side plate, the cut strip-shaped control plate and the movable side plate are assembled and fixed through slots and high-strength bolts and are connected with;the loading system comprises a reaction frame and a hydraulic jack, wherein the reaction frame is formed by connecting a front surface, a rear surface, a left surface, a right surface and a lower surface through high-strength bolts, a cylinder body of the hydraulic jack is fixed on the front surface, the rear surface, the left surface and the right surface of the reaction frame, and a power rod is provided with a square thruster for loading;according to the gravity loading principle, magnetic rock-soil similar materials are prepared, electromagnetic force is output to the rock-soil similar materials through an electromagnetic applying device, the gravity borne by a rock-soil body is equivalently increased, and the sliding of a landslide body is realized. According to the similarity of the magnetic force field and the gravity field:the magnetic field force of the magnetic particles in the magnetic field isFmagnetic＝m·x·V·H·grad(H) (1)In the formula: g- -acceleration of gravity, unit m/s2(ii) a m-mass, x-specific magnet susceptibility (x ═ k/ρ, k-volume susceptibility, ρ -density), H-field strength, V-magnet volume, grad (H) -field gradient.The above formula shows that the magnetic force acting on the magnetic particles is determined by the magnetic field force H.grad (H) of the magnetic particles and the magnetic equipment, and in the uniform gradient magnetic field with determined size, x, V, H, grad (H) are all constant values, and x.V.H.grad (H) is constant value.Considering that the magnetic materials at different parts of the sample are subjected to different forces, but the forces are approximately the same as those of layers of magnetic materials, the magnetic materials can be calculated in a layered mode and finally overlapped.The magnetic force and the gravity of the sample of a certain layers of magnetic material are respectivelyFmagnetic＝m·x·V·H·grad(H) (2)G＝m·g (3)The resultant force of the sample containing the magnetic material isF＝G+Fmagnetic＝m·g·(1+x·V·H·grad(H)/g) (4)Given that x, V, H, grad (H) are constant values, let n be x · V · H · grad (H)/g,F＝m·g·(1+m·x·V·H·grad(H)/g)＝(1+n)·m·g (5)that is, the bulk weight of the material is increased by (1+ n) times by the electromagnetic force.The combined stress of the samples and the magnetic material in different layers can be expressed as formula (5).Therefore, the iron powder material is doped into the soil body, the (1+ n) g gravity field is simulated by the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet bottom plate of the device, the purpose of loading or overloading a slope body is achieved, the sliding of the slope body is realized, the pipeline at the bottom of the slope can be impacted after the sliding of the slope body, the safety of the pipeline is detected by obtaining the distribution of the pipeline pressure and the change of displacement through the sensors embedded at the periphery of the pipeline, and the model test of the pipeline safety in a landslide area is completed.
- 2. The model test devices for pipeline safety in landslide regions based on gravity loading materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation system of the device can simulate model tests for pipeline safety in landslide regions with different slope heights by changing the number of the side plates capable of being spliced, simulate model tests for pipeline safety in landslide regions with different slope angles by changing the strip-shaped control plates cut into different slope angles, and simulate model tests for pipeline safety in landslide regions with landslide bodies caused by rainfall falling through the rainfall spray nozzles.
- 3. The model test device of landslide area pipeline safety based on gravity-loaded materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein according to design requirements, the number of movable side plates is adjusted and reasonable strip control plates are selected, and the reasonable strip control plates are spliced and fixed to form a whole, according to the principle of similar materials, the simulation materials adopted by the model test have better similarity with the physical and mechanical properties of the raw materials, and according to the principle, the landslide model similar materials with the raw materials mainly comprising iron powder, barite powder, silty clay, double flying powder, bentonite, river sand, floor wax and talcum powder can reach the similar requirements provided by the model similar theory, and the similar raw materials are filled into a preparation system according to the calculated proportion and are cured and molded.
- 4. The model test device for the safety of the pipeline in the landslide region based on the gravity-loaded materials of claim 1, wherein the hydraulic jack located above the reaction frame is used for setting the pressure value of the hydraulic jack according to the similar scale and the ground stress in the actual engineering when the ground stress loading is carried out, and the ground stress loading is carried out to form the ground stress required by the experiment.
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| CN111665017A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-09-15 | 河海大学 | Landslide surge model test device and landslide surge test method |
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| CN112530264A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-19 | 同济大学 | Electromagnetic loading test device for simulating sinking process of open caisson |
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| CN111855745A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-10-30 | 东南大学 | Electromagnetic type geotechnical engineering hypergravity simulation device and operation method |
| CN111665017A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-09-15 | 河海大学 | Landslide surge model test device and landslide surge test method |
| CN112530264A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-19 | 同济大学 | Electromagnetic loading test device for simulating sinking process of open caisson |
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