CN110736821B - Model test device for landslide area pipeline safety based on gravity loading material - Google Patents

Model test device for landslide area pipeline safety based on gravity loading material Download PDF

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CN110736821B
CN110736821B CN201911036215.8A CN201911036215A CN110736821B CN 110736821 B CN110736821 B CN 110736821B CN 201911036215 A CN201911036215 A CN 201911036215A CN 110736821 B CN110736821 B CN 110736821B
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CN110736821A (en
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杨文东
王学鹏
王英男
吕显先
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China University of Petroleum East China
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
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    • G01N33/24Earth materials
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0041Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
    • G01M5/005Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
    • G01M5/0058Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems of elongated objects, e.g. pipes, masts, towers or railways

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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a model test device for pipeline safety in a landslide region based on a gravity loading material. The device comprises a preparation system and a loading system, wherein the preparation system is used for containing and preparing a sample of the whole test and outputting electromagnetic force to similar materials through an electromagnetic applying device, the gravity borne by the test is equivalently increased, the sliding of a sliding mass is realized, the loading system uniformly loads the similar material sample in the preparation system through a hydraulic jack, and the ground stress loading is simulated.

Description

Model test device for landslide area pipeline safety based on gravity loading material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a landslide area pipeline safety model test device based on a gravity loading material.
Background
The landslide refers to the integral gliding damage generated by shearing a certain weak surface (or a weak zone) in a slope under the action of gravity mainly by partial rock-soil bodies forming the slope under certain natural conditions and geological conditions. Landslide usually has the characteristics of sudden, high frequency and destructive property, and is a large natural disaster recognized in the world. The pipeline laid on the slope bottom can be deformed or even bent and broken under the influence of the sliding body, thereby causing serious consequences.
At the present stage, the independent research on the pipeline and landslide disasters is relatively comprehensive, the two disasters are combined for less research, and the influence rule of landslide body sliding on the laid pipeline cannot be deeply understood when different slope inclination angles, different slope heights or rainfall occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a model test device for landslide region pipeline safety based on gravity loading material, which simulates the influence of landslide body sliding on the slope bottom pipeline safety under different slope angles, different slope heights or rainfall.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a model test device for landslide area pipeline safety based on gravity loading materials comprises a preparation system and a loading system. The preparation system comprises a guide frame, a support, a water pipe, a rainfall sprayer, an electromagnet bottom plate, a device bottom plate, a short-edge side plate capable of being spliced, a long-edge side plate capable of being spliced, a strip-shaped control plate, a movable side plate, a short-edge side plate, a long-edge side plate, a pipeline, a connecting bolt and an electromagnetic control device; the loading system comprises a reaction frame and a hydraulic jack. The preparation system is characterized in that a guide frame is fixed on an electromagnet bottom plate, a detachable support is fixed on the upper portion of the guide frame, a water pipe and a precipitation nozzle are fixed on the support, a long-side plate and a short-side plate are inserted into the guide frame to be fixed, a pipeline is inserted into a reserved fixed pipeline hole, the reserved pipeline hole is divided into an upper hole and a lower hole, the lower hole simulates a pipeline laid at the ground bottom, the upper hole simulates a pipeline laid on the ground surface, the short-side plate capable of being spliced, the long-side plate capable of being spliced, a cut strip-shaped control plate and a movable side plate are assembled and fixed through a slot and a high-strength bolt and are connected with the device into a whole through a connecting bolt. The loading system comprises a reaction frame and hydraulic jacks, wherein the reaction frame is formed by connecting a front surface, a rear surface, a left surface, a right surface and a lower surface through high-strength bolts, the hydraulic jacks are positioned on the front surface, the rear surface, the left surface and the right surface of the reaction frame, a cylinder body of each hydraulic jack is fixed on the corresponding reaction frame, and a power rod is provided with a square thruster for loading.
The preparation system of the device can simulate the influence of slope height when landslide occurs by changing the number of the side plates which can be spliced; simulating the influence of the slope angle of the landslide when the landslide occurs by changing the cut strip-shaped control plates with different slope angles; the influence of rainfall on landslide can be simulated through rainfall sprayer precipitation.
The conventional landslide model test is a model test in which a prototype size is reduced by n times in geometric similarity in a (1g) gravity field of 1 time of gravitational acceleration. Compared with a conventional landslide model device, the method utilizes the gravity loading principle to prepare the magnetic rock-soil similar material, outputs electromagnetic force to the rock-soil similar material through the electromagnetic applying device, equivalently increases the gravity borne by the rock-soil body, and realizes the sliding of the landslide body. According to the similarity of the magnetic force field and the gravity field:
the magnetic particles are subjected to a magnetic field force of
Fmagnetic=m·x·V·H·grad(H) (1)
In the formula: g- -acceleration of gravity, unit m/s2(ii) a m-mass, x-specific magnet susceptibility (x ═ k/ρ, k-volume susceptibility, ρ -density), H-field strength, V-magnet volume, grad (H) -field gradient.
The magnetic force formula shows that the magnetic force acting on the magnetic particles is determined by the magnetic field force H.grad (H) of the magnetic particles and magnetic equipment, and in a uniform gradient magnetic field with a determined size, x, V, H, grad (H) are all constant values, and then x.V.H.grad (H) is constant values.
Considering that the acting forces of the magnetic materials at different parts of the sample are different, but the acting forces of the magnetic materials at the same layer are the same, the magnetic materials can be calculated in a layered mode and finally overlapped.
The magnetic force of a layer of magnetic material and the gravity of the sample are respectively
Fmagnetic=m·x·V·H·grad(H) (2)
G=m·g (3)
The mixing force of the sample and the magnetic material is forced to
F=G+Fmagnetic=m·g·(1+x·V·H·grad(H)/g) (4)
Given that x, V, H, grad (H) are constant values, let n be x · V · H · grad (H)/g,
F=m·g·(1+m·x·V·H·grad(H)/g)=(1+n)·m·g (5)
that is, the volume weight of the material is increased by (1+ n) times by the electromagnetic force.
The mixing force of the different layer samples and the magnetic material can be expressed as formula (5).
Therefore, iron powder materials are doped into the soil body, and the (1+ n) g gravity field is simulated by the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet bottom plate of the device, so that the purpose of loading or overloading the slope body is achieved, and the sliding of the slope body is realized.
The device of the invention adjusts the number of the movable side plates and selects reasonable strip-shaped control plates according to the design requirements, and the movable side plates are spliced and fixed to form a whole; according to the principle of similar materials, the simulation materials adopted by the model test have better similarity with the physical and mechanical properties of the raw materials, and referring to the principle, the similar materials of the landslide model, which take iron powder, barite powder, powdered clay, double flying powder, bentonite, river sand, floor wax, talcum powder and other materials as main bodies, can meet the similar requirements proposed by the model similarity theory. Filling similar raw materials into a preparation system according to a calculated proportion, removing a side plate of the preparation system after the similar materials meet the strength requirement, setting a pressure value of a hydraulic jack according to a similar scale and the ground stress in the actual engineering, carrying out ground stress loading to form the ground stress required by the experiment, increasing a sample gravity field by adjusting an electromagnetic control device to enable a sample landslide body to slide off, simulating a landslide test (if rainfall factors need to be considered, a water pipe is connected for precipitation during the experiment), enabling the landslide body to be impacted after a pipeline at the bottom of the landslide, detecting the safety of the pipeline by obtaining the distribution of the pipeline pressure and the change of displacement through sensors embedded at the periphery of the pipeline, and completing a model test of the pipeline safety in the landslide area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the device can simulate the landslide model test at different slope heights, slope surface inclination angles or in rainfall by changing the number of the short side plates, replacing the bar-shaped control plates and switching the rainfall spray heads according to the test requirements, and detect the pipeline safety.
2. The device has simple structure, convenient operation and repeated use.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the overall structure of the device is shown schematically.
FIG. 2: the plane structure of the device is shown schematically.
FIG. 3: the internal structure of the device is shown schematically.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a reaction frame, 2 hydraulic jacks, 3 guide frames, 4 supports, 5 water pipes, 6 rainfall spray heads, 7 electromagnet bottom plates, 8 spliced short-side plates, 9 spliced long-side plates, 10 strip-shaped control plates, 11 short-side plates, 12 long-side plates, 13 device bottom plates, 14 short-side plates, 15 movable side plates, 16 pipelines, 17 fixed pipeline holes, 18 connecting bolts and 19 electromagnetic control devices.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figures 1-3, a model test device for landslide region pipeline safety based on gravity loading materials is manufactured, and comprises a reaction frame 1, a hydraulic jack 2, a guide frame 3, a support 4, a water pipe 5, a rainfall spray head 6, an electromagnet bottom plate 7, a spliced short side plate 8, a spliced long side plate 9, a spliced long side plate 10, a strip-shaped control plate 11, a short side plate 12, a long side plate 13, a device bottom plate 14, a short side plate 15, a movable side plate 16, a pipeline 17, a fixed pipeline hole 18, a connecting bolt 19 and an electromagnetic control device 19.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
The forming die adopted in the embodiment is a steel die and comprises a preparation system and a loading system: the bottom plate of the preparation system is formed by splicing and fixing an electromagnet bottom plate 7 and a device bottom plate 13, a guide frame 3 is fixed on the device bottom plate, a detachable support 4 is fixed on the upper portion of the guide frame 3, a water pipe 5 and a precipitation nozzle 6 are fixed on the support, a long-side plate 12, a short-side plate 11 and a short-side plate 14 are inserted into the guide frame 3 to be fixed, a pipeline 16 is inserted into a fixed pipeline hole 17 reserved on the long-side plate 12, a spliced short-side plate 8, a spliced long-side plate 9, a cut strip-shaped control plate 10 and a movable side plate 15 are assembled and fixed through high-strength bolts and are connected with the device into a whole through connecting bolts 18. The loading system comprises a reaction frame 1 and hydraulic jacks 2, wherein the reaction frame is formed by connecting a front surface, a rear surface, a left surface, a right surface and a lower surface through high-strength bolts, the hydraulic jacks 2 are positioned on the front surface, the rear surface and the lower left surface of the reaction frame, a cylinder body of each hydraulic jack is fixed on the corresponding reaction frame, and a power rod is provided with a square thruster for loading.
The preparation system of the device can simulate the influence of the slope height when landslide occurs by changing the number of the side plates 8 which can be spliced; simulating the influence of the slope angle of the landslide when the landslide occurs by changing the cut strip-shaped control plates 10 with different inclination angles; the influence of rainfall on the landslide can be simulated by the rainfall of the rainfall spray heads 6.
In order to realize the self-sliding of the sliding body, the gravity field is simulated by an external force field according to the similarity between a magnetic force field and a gravity field by doping iron powder materials in a soil body and simulating a (1+ n) g gravity field by the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet bottom plate 7 of the device, so that the aim of loading or overloading an experimental sample is fulfilled, and the sliding of the sliding body is realized.
The invention provides a model test method for landslide area pipeline safety by using the device, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting side plates capable of being spliced and manufacturing strip-shaped control plates
According to the landslide slope height and the landslide inclination of experimental design, selected splicing short side plates 8 and splicing long side plates 9 are fixed on a guide frame 3 through grooves and connecting bolts, a rectangular steel plate is cut into strip-shaped control plates 10, and the strip-shaped control plates 10 are fixed on the guide frame 3 and the splicing long side plates 9 through slots.
Second, selecting the position of the pipeline
The reserved fixed pipeline holes 17 are divided into an upper hole and a lower hole, the lower hole simulates a pipeline laid under the ground, the upper hole simulates a pipeline laid on the ground, and the pipeline 16 is inserted into the reserved fixed pipeline holes 17 on the long side plates 12 according to the experimental requirements.
Thirdly, filling slope similar materials
Weighing similar raw materials required by the experiment according to the calculated proportion, filling the similar raw materials into a preparation system after uniformly stirring by adopting a stirrer, and strickling the similar raw materials by using a scraper blade along the plate surface and maintaining the similar raw materials.
Fourth, test sample forming
And (3) the similar materials to be filled meet the strength requirement, and the short side plates 8 which can be spliced, the long side plates 9 which can be spliced, the strip-shaped control plates 10, the short side plates 11, the long side plates 12, the short side plates 14 and the movable side plates 15 are dismantled.
Fifth step, ground stress loading
And setting the pressure value of the hydraulic jack 2 according to the similar scale and the ground stress in the actual engineering, and carrying out ground stress loading to form the ground stress required by the experiment.
Sixthly, simulating a sliding test of a sliding body
Opening the electromagnetic control device 19, adjusting the electromagnetic control device to apply electromagnetic force to the experimental sample, increasing the current through the electromagnetic control device to enhance the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet bottom plate 7, increasing the gravity of the sample to achieve an overload effect according to the similarity of a magnetic force field and a gravity field, so that a landslide body slides down, simulating a landslide test (if rainfall factors need to be considered, a water pipe 5 is connected for rainfall during the experiment), impacting a pipeline 16 at the bottom of the landslide body after sliding down, detecting the safety of the pipeline by obtaining the distribution of pipeline pressure and the change of displacement through sensors embedded at the periphery of the pipeline, and completing a model test of the pipeline safety of a landslide region.

Claims (1)

1. The model test device for landslide area pipeline safety based on gravity loading material is characterized by comprising a preparation system and a loading system, wherein:
the preparation system comprises a guide frame, a support, a water pipe, a rainfall sprayer, an electromagnet bottom plate, a device bottom plate, a short-edge side plate capable of being spliced, a long-edge side plate capable of being spliced, a strip-shaped control plate, a movable side plate, a short-edge side plate, a long-edge side plate, a pipeline, a connecting bolt and an electromagnetic control device; the preparation system is characterized in that a guide frame is fixed on an electromagnet bottom plate, a detachable support is fixed on the upper portion of the guide frame, a water pipe and a precipitation nozzle are fixed on the support, a long-side plate and a short-side plate are inserted into the guide frame to be fixed, a pipeline is inserted into a reserved fixed pipeline hole, the reserved pipeline hole is divided into an upper hole and a lower hole, the lower hole simulates a pipeline laid at the ground bottom, the upper hole simulates a pipeline laid on the ground surface, and the spliceable short-side plate, the spliceable long-side plate, the cut strip-shaped control plate and the movable side plate are assembled and fixed through a slot and a high-strength bolt and are connected with the device into a whole through a connecting bolt;
the preparation system can simulate model tests of pipeline safety in landslide areas with different slope heights by changing the number of the side plates which can be spliced; simulating a model test of pipeline safety of a landslide area at different landslide inclination angles by changing the cut strip-shaped control plates with different inclination angles; the model test of pipeline safety in a landslide region where rainfall causes a landslide body to slide can be simulated through rainfall by the rainfall spray heads;
the loading system comprises a reaction frame and a hydraulic jack, wherein the reaction frame is formed by connecting a front surface, a rear surface, a left surface, a right surface and a lower surface through high-strength bolts, a cylinder body of the hydraulic jack is fixed on the front surface, the rear surface, the left surface and the right surface of the reaction frame, and a power rod is provided with a square thruster for loading; the square thruster directly applies ground stress on the sample;
according to the gravity loading principle, magnetic rock-soil similar materials are prepared, electromagnetic force is output to the rock-soil similar materials through an electromagnetic applying device, the gravity borne by a rock-soil body is equivalently increased, the sliding of a landslide body is realized, and according to the similarity of a magnetic force field and a gravity field:
the magnetic field force of the magnetic particles in the magnetic field is
Fmagnetic=m·x·V·H·grad(H) (1)
In the formula: g- -acceleration of gravity, unit m/s2(ii) a m-mass, x-specific magnet susceptibility (x ═ k/ρ, k-volume susceptibility, ρ -density), H-field strength, V-magnet volume, grad (H) -field gradient;
the magnetic force formula shows that the magnetic force acting on the magnetic particles is determined by the magnetic field force H.grad (H) of the magnetic particles and magnetic equipment, and in a uniform gradient magnetic field with determined size, x, V, H, grad (H) are all constant values, and x.V.H.grad (H) is constant value;
considering that the acting forces of the magnetic materials at different parts of the sample are different, but the acting forces of the magnetic materials at the same layer are approximately the same, the magnetic materials can be calculated in a layered mode and finally overlapped;
the magnetic force of a layer of magnetic material and the gravity of the sample are respectively
Fmagnetic=m·x·V·H·grad(H) (2)
G=m·g (3)
The resultant force of the sample containing the magnetic material is
F=G+Fmagnetic=m·g·(1+x·V·H·grad(H)/g) (4)
Given that x, V, H, grad (H) are constant values, let n be x · V · H · grad (H)/g,
F=m·g·(1+m·x·V·H·grad(H)/g)=(1+n)·m·g (5)
the volume weight of the material is increased by (1+ n) times through electromagnetic force;
the comprehensive stress of the samples and the magnetic materials in different layers can be expressed as formula (5);
therefore, the iron powder material is doped into the soil body, the (1+ n) g gravity field is simulated by the electromagnetic force of the electromagnet bottom plate of the device, the purpose of loading or overloading a slope body is achieved, the sliding of the slope body is realized, the pipeline at the bottom of the slope can be impacted after the sliding of the slope body, the safety of the pipeline is detected by obtaining the distribution of the pipeline pressure and the change of displacement through the sensors embedded at the periphery of the pipeline, and the model test of the pipeline safety in a landslide area is completed;
the device is characterized in that the number of the movable side plates is adjusted and reasonable strip-shaped control plates are selected according to design requirements, the movable side plates are spliced and fixed to form a whole, according to the principle of similar materials, the simulation materials adopted by a model test have better similarity with the physical and mechanical properties of raw materials, and by referring to the principle, similar materials of a landslide model, which mainly comprise iron powder, barite powder, powdered clay, double flying powder, bentonite, river sand, floor wax and talcum powder, can reach the similar requirements provided by the model similarity theory, and the similar raw materials are filled into a preparation system according to the calculated proportion and are cured and molded;
the device is characterized in that when the hydraulic jack positioned on the reaction frame carries out ground stress loading, the pressure value of the hydraulic jack is set according to the similar scale and the ground stress in the actual engineering, and the ground stress loading is carried out to form the ground stress required by the experiment.
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