CN106338409B - A kind of tunnel bottom structural stress state accurately simulates laboratory testing rig - Google Patents
A kind of tunnel bottom structural stress state accurately simulates laboratory testing rig Download PDFInfo
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- CN106338409B CN106338409B CN201610813883.7A CN201610813883A CN106338409B CN 106338409 B CN106338409 B CN 106338409B CN 201610813883 A CN201610813883 A CN 201610813883A CN 106338409 B CN106338409 B CN 106338409B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- G01M99/007—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass by applying a load, e.g. for resistance or wear testing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tunnel bottom structural stress states accurately to simulate laboratory testing rig, which is made of model babinet, axle power component, sidewise restraint component, stratum drag component.Various various forms of practical mechanic boundary conditions can be applied according to the stress of tunnel bottom structure, including axial compression, eccentric compression, sidewise restraint and pressure from surrounding rock etc., and simulation tunnel bottom country rock rich water, uneven softening, part such as are come to nothing at the actual conditions.Link static(al) or power loading system, it may be convenient to apply external load；Meanwhile, it is capable to according to actual conditions and need that each component is conveniently set up and adjusted.The experimental rig solves the application problem that existing experimental rig can not consider bottom restraint when the uneven situations such as softening, cavity occurs in tunnel bottom, realizes the precision test simulation to tunnel bottom structural stress state.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tunnel structure laboratory test technical field, more particularly to a kind of tunnel bottom structural stress state essence
Really simulation laboratory testing rig.
Background technology
With the development of China's economic and the progress of Tunnel Engineering technology, various Tunnel Engineering structures are increasing.By
The ground occurrence condition residing for tunnel is complicated, surrounding enviroment are sensitive, use condition is harsh, and structure is from multifactor long term
Lower performance constantly deteriorates, and bottom structure breakage occurs in part tunnel, phenomena such as rising soil, has seriously affected the operation in tunnel
Safety.Tunnel bottom structural test is as research tunnel bottom structure feature, property evolution rule and failure mode
A kind of main means, importance are self-evident.
In recent years, for tunnel structure, domestic and foreign scholars have developed a series of experimental rig.Such as Chinese invention publication number
Tunnel lining component high-temperature mechanical property testing system disclosed in CN101131343A, be mainly used for simulating tunnel fire hazard feature,
Thermal boundary feature and tunnel lining structure system loading characteristic study the mechanical behavior under high temperature of tunnel lining structure system.China
The three-dimensional adjustable geotechnical engineering physical simulation multifunctional tester of model two dimension disclosed in disclosure of the invention CN101042390A,
Provide it is a kind of can from two-dimensional directional also can from three-dimensional to testing soil apply pressure with testing soil mechanical property
Experimental rig.The geotechnical engineering Multi-functional analog experimental rig that Headquarters of the General Staff engineer research three is developed, can be to cave using the device
Room, hole group, side slope and foundation pit carry out plane geomechanical model test.However these experimental rigs are all from tunnel overall structure
Angle studies the stress in tunnel, is unable to get mechanical characteristic and the property evolution rule of tunnel bottom structure partial
Rule is directed to the dedicated experiments device of tunnel bottom structure not yet both at home and abroad at present.
For component test, a kind of main test method is to use three-axis tester both at home and abroad at present.The experiment equipment
There are one axial stress σ1Application system, the stress σ of two horizontal directions2And σ3Lateral stress application system, respectively by independence
Hydraulic system controlled, may be implemented three-dimensional anisobaric load function.However the pilot system is in some single direction
On can only realize uniform load, for tunnel bottom structure, when bottom occur country rock local softening or occur cavity when,
The bottom surface of tunnel bottom structure is obviously in a kind of non-homogeneous stress, and existing triaxial test system can not simulate tunnel bottom
This actual stress of portion's structure.
On the whole, domestic and international existing tunnel Integrated test facility and component test device cannot be good at present
The actual forced status of tunnel bottom structure is simulated, therefore, developing a kind of novel more can accurately simulate tunnel bottom knot
The laboratory testing rig of structure stress has been to be badly in need of.
Invention content
In order to which the tunnel Integrated test facility and component test device that solve existing at present cannot simulate tunnel well
The technical issues of actual forced status of road bottom structure, the present invention, which provides one kind, can accurately simulate tunnel bottom structure stress side
The tunnel bottom structural stress state on boundary accurately simulates laboratory testing rig.
In order to achieve the above technical purposes, the technical scheme is that, a kind of tunnel bottom structural stress state is accurate
Laboratory testing rig, including model babinet, axle power component, sidewise restraint component and stratum drag component are simulated, experiment test specimen is set
It is placed in model casing body, the axle power component is disposed with left-right symmetry in the axial both sides of experiment test specimen and is applied to experiment test specimen
Add axial force, the lateral sides of experiment test specimen are symmetrically arranged at before and after sidewise restraint component and experiment test specimen are applied lateral
Power, stratum drag component include being set to the packing material of experiment test specimen bottom and being arranged in the thousand of packing material top both sides
Jin top component.
A kind of tunnel bottom structural stress state accurately simulates laboratory testing rig, and the axle power component includes
Two identical axle power sub-components, described two axle power sub-components are respectively arranged at the both ends of experiment test specimen axial direction, axle power
Component includes an axle power jacking bolt, an axle power spring and two blocks of axle power steel plates, and two blocks of axle power steel plates are separately fixed at bullet
Spring both sides, axle power jacking bolt are threaded onto on the reserved axle power bolt hole of model casing and withstand one of axle power steel plate, another piece
Axle power steel plate withstands the end of experiment test specimen.
A kind of tunnel bottom structural stress state accurately simulates laboratory testing rig, the sidewise restraint component
Including four identical sidewise restraint sub-components, described four sidewise restraint sub-components are symmetrical with the axis for testing test specimen
Axis, is symmetrically set to the lateral both sides of experiment test specimen two-by-two, and each sub-component includes a lateral jacking bolt and a side
To steel plate, lateral jacking bolt withstands lateral steel plate by the bolt hole that model casing is reserved and acts on experiment test specimen.
A kind of tunnel bottom structural stress state accurately simulates laboratory testing rig, the jack assembly packet
Include two jack sub-components and a cover board, each jack sub-component include two counter-force bars, a reaction beam, one thousand
Jin top and a holder, described two counter-force bars are symmetrically fixed on the both sides of model babinet, and the both ends of reaction beam are fixed respectively
In on two counter-force bars, the upper end of jack is withstood in the middle part of reaction beam, and lower end is placed on holder, and branch is placed on cover board, cover board
It is covered on packing material and transmits the force to and fill material.
A kind of tunnel bottom structural stress state accurately simulates laboratory testing rig, the model babinet it is outer
Wall and top are respectively equipped with stiffening rib, and the stiffening rib of the outer wall extends setting outward perpendicular to outer wall surface, the top
The model tank floor that portion's stiffening rib is parallel to extends setting outward.
A kind of tunnel bottom structural stress state accurately simulates laboratory testing rig, and the bolt hole is strip
Shape bolt hole.
A kind of tunnel bottom structural stress state accurately simulates laboratory testing rig, and the packing material is mould
Quasi- country rock material or the simulation country rock material for being locally filled with softening substance.
The technical effects of the invention are that：
(1) by the way that " bar shaped " hole position is arranged in model casing, it can easily adjust test specimen and be acted on the axle power component
The relative position of point controls the eccentric size of test specimen axial compression, embodies the loading characteristic of tunnel structure eccentric compression, solves
Existing tunnel structure test device is difficult to apply the problem of axially eccentric load.
(2) existing structural testing setup can only apply uneven confining pressure in different directions, and in some single direction
On can only apply Even round pressure；The experimental rig that the present invention establishes can also apply uneven confining pressure in test specimen bottom direction,
So as to mechanical characteristic of the more accurate simulation tunnel bottom under different contact conditions, especially solves existing experiment
The problem of device cannot test Tunnel Base rich water, inhomogeneities softening and the condition of coming to nothing.
In conclusion the present invention provides a kind of experiment dresses that can apply various tunnel bottom structural mechanics boundary conditions
It sets, and according to actual conditions and can need that each component is conveniently set up and adjusted so that spend smaller economy
Cost can study the Laws of Mechanics of most tunnel bottom structures.
Embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is experimental rig stereogram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is experimental rig front view of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is experimental rig side view of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is experimental rig vertical view of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is that Fig. 1 is arranged inside experimental rig of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is that Fig. 2 is arranged inside experimental rig of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is experimental rig exploded view of the present invention；
Wherein：1 is reaction beam；2 be jack；3 be counter-force bar；4 be holder；5 be axle power jacking bolt；6 be axle power bullet
Spring；7 be axle power steel plate；8 it is lateral jacking bolt, 9 be model babinet, 10 be strip bolt hole, 11 is steel deck-plate, 12 to fill out
Fill country rock material, 13 be test specimen, 14 be sensor, 15 be external load.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is made of model babinet, axle power component, sidewise restraint component, stratum drag component.Axle power component or so
It is symmetrically arranged at the axial both sides of experiment test specimen；Lateral the two of experiment test specimen are symmetrically arranged at before and after sidewise restraint component
Side；By the adjustment of axle power and sidewise restraint component position of action point, can simulate test specimen axial compression, eccentric compression, it is lateral about
The difference stress such as beam.Stratum drag component by test specimen bottom packing material and be arranged in packing material top both sides
Jack assembly forms；Different buried depth pressure from surrounding rock can be simulated by the application of jack different pressures；By in test specimen bottom
Different materials is filled, tunnel bottom country rock rich water, softening or part can be simulated and the actual conditions such as come to nothing.It is external by loading
Static(al) or power loading system, press downwards, can facilitate application external load, and force model is carried out to tunnel bottom structure
Attribute testing.
Model cabinet wall is smooth；Outer wall is put more energy into processing, ensures babinet intensity, design position reserve axle power bolt and
Sidewise restraint bolt " bar shaped " hole position applies applying for eccentric compression load in order to constrain the adjustment of bolt location to realize
Add；Bottom plate and top stiffening rib are uniformly distributed in surrounding extension, reserve harness cord screw hole position.
Axle power component includes two sub-components, and each sub-component is by a jacking bolt, an axle power spring and two pieces small
Steel plate forms.Two blocks of small steel plates are separately fixed at spring both sides, and jacking bolt is withstood wherein by the bolt hole that model casing is reserved
Side, the other side withstand test specimen and press.In test, the size of axle power is controlled by adjusting the decrement for having demarcated spring
And the eccentric size of adjustment test specimen and the relative position control test specimen axial compression of axle power component position.Two sub-components pair
It is arranged in the axial both sides of test specimen with claiming.
Sidewise restraint component includes four sub-components, and each sub-component is made of a jacking bolt and a small steel plate,
Jacking bolt is withstood small steel plate and acted on by the bolt hole that model casing is reserved carries out sidewise restraint on test specimen.Each component is symmetrically
It is arranged in the lateral sides of test specimen.
Stratum drag component includes jack assembly and country rock material simulation component, and jack assembly includes two subgroups
Part, each sub-component is made of two counter-force bars, a reaction beam, a digital display jack, a holder forms.Digital display is very heavy
Top is withstood above in the middle part of reaction beam, is placed on holder below, and branch is placed on cover board, transmits the force to country rock material, Jin Erzuo
Country rock can be controlled by carrying out simple area conversion with the numerical value on test specimen underfill, shown by digital display jack
The size of pressure.
Country rock material carries out laboratory preparation or direct infilling work country rock material according to the rock property of Practical Project,
Embedding soil pressure cell can also precisely control the numerical values recited of pressure from surrounding rock in country rock material.By in test specimen bottom office
Portion's filling softening substance (such as foam), simulation tunnel bottom country rock locally come to nothing, soften or the actual loadings feelings such as inhomogeneities
Condition；By adding water that can simulate the rich water state of tunnel bottom；Embedding resistance-strain type ventage piezometer may be used also in country rock material
To obtain the Super-void Water Pressure under additional dynamic loading.
Stratum drag component and axle power component need to determine by specification or numerical computation method before the test, wherein counting
Aobvious jack and axle power spring needs are selected and are demarcated according to actual conditions.The specific implementing procedure of experimental rig is：
(1) test specimen 13 made before the test according to actual conditions and install mechanics sensor (strain gauge, accelerometer,
Piezoelectric transducer etc.), it is positioned over suitable position and remains to use.
(2) country rock material 12 is actually prepared or the direct infilling work soil body in the lab according to engineering, in filling
In casing, soil pressure cell can be buried to precisely control pressure from surrounding rock；Part, which is changed, fills out the materials such as foam to simulate tunnel
Substrate comes to nothing, softens and inhomogeneities；The ventage piezometer of embedded resistance-strain type is to study under quiet, power external load effect
Excess pore water pressure.Country rock material 12 is determined, after burying good sensor, it is placed in model babinet 9, covers steel deck-plate 11
(see Fig. 7).
(3) referring to attached drawing 1,5,6 and 7, test specimen 13 is installed on the position of the hole of steel deck-plate 11, is placed on loading equipemtn, with
Axle power component is first installed afterwards, jack stand 4 is then placed, digital display jack 2 is positioned on holder, finally installation is lateral about
Tread assembly.Starting application mechanical boundary after each component installation is in place, (pressure from surrounding rock passes through hand assistor lever on digital display jack 2
Slowly it is applied to design value；For axle power by compressing the axle power spring 6 demarcated to design decrement, axle power bias passes through " item
The relative position that shape hole 10 " adjusts test specimen and axle power component position is set), it simulates as similar as possible with tunnel structure
Mechanical environment, implementation process is shown in Fig. 7.
(4) device can be placed in static loading system (such as universal testing machine) according to the difference of subject study content to grind
Study carefully the static(al) mechanical property Evolution of tunnel structure；Device is placed in power loading system (such as MTS hydraulic servo loading systems
Deng) research tunnel structure power mechanical property Evolution；And it can be studied corresponding by the setting and adjustment of mechanical boundary
The affecting laws and sensibility of influence factor.
The present invention is simultaneously not limited to the embodiments described above, other any Spirit Essences and principle without departing from the present invention
Lower done modification, modification, replacement, combination, simplification, should be equivalent substitute mode, be included in the legal protection of the present invention
In scope.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of tunnel bottom structural stress state accurately simulates laboratory testing rig, which is characterized in that including model babinet, axis
Power component, sidewise restraint component and stratum drag component, experiment test specimen are set in model casing body, described axle power component or so
It is symmetrically arranged at the axial both sides of experiment test specimen and axial force is applied to experiment test specimen, symmetrically cloth before and after sidewise restraint component
It sets the lateral sides in experiment test specimen and lateral force is applied to experiment test specimen, stratum drag component includes being set to experiment test specimen bottom
The packing material in portion and the jack assembly for being arranged in packing material top both sides；
The jack assembly includes two jack sub-components and a cover board, and each jack sub-component includes two anti-
Power bar, a reaction beam, a jack and a holder, described two counter-force bars are symmetrically fixed on the two of model babinet
The both ends of side, reaction beam are individually fixed on two counter-force bars, and the upper end of jack is withstood in the middle part of reaction beam, and lower end is placed in holder
On, branch is placed on cover board, and cover board is covered on packing material and transmits the force to packing material, and cover board is equipped with for installing
The hole position of test specimen.
2. a kind of tunnel bottom structural stress state according to claim 1 accurately simulates laboratory testing rig, feature
It is, the axle power component includes two identical axle power sub-components, and described two axle power sub-components are respectively arranged at examination
Test the both ends of test specimen axial direction, axle power sub-component includes an axle power jacking bolt, an axle power spring and two blocks of axle power steel plates, and two
Block axle power steel plate is separately fixed at axle power spring both sides, and axle power jacking bolt is threaded onto on the reserved axle power bolt hole of model casing and pushes up
Firmly one of axle power steel plate, another block of axle power steel plate withstand the end of experiment test specimen.
3. a kind of tunnel bottom structural stress state according to claim 1 accurately simulates laboratory testing rig, feature
It is, the sidewise restraint component includes four identical sidewise restraint sub-components, described four sidewise restraint sub-components
Using the axis for testing test specimen as symmetry axis, it is symmetrically set to the lateral both sides of experiment test specimen two-by-two, each sub-component includes one
A lateral jacking bolt and a lateral steel plate, lateral jacking bolt withstand lateral steel plate by the bolt hole that model casing is reserved and make
With on experiment test specimen.
4. a kind of tunnel bottom structural stress state according to claim 1 accurately simulates laboratory testing rig, feature
It is, the outer wall of the model babinet and top are respectively equipped with stiffening rib, and the stiffening rib of the outer wall is perpendicular to outer wall table
Extension setting is faced out, the model tank floor that the top stiffening rib is parallel to extends setting outward.
5. a kind of tunnel bottom structural stress state according to claim 2 or 3 accurately simulates laboratory testing rig, special
Sign is that the bolt hole is strip bolt hole.
6. a kind of tunnel bottom structural stress state according to claim 1 accurately simulates laboratory testing rig, feature
It is, the packing material is the simulation country rock material simulated country rock material or be locally filled with softening substance.
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| CN108195680A (en) * | 2018-02-22 | 2018-06-22 | 长安大学 | A kind of experimental rig for applying different constraints to native unit |
| CN114136792B (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2023-12-22 | 东华理工大学 | Dynamic load and dynamic water pressure dual power coupling test device and operation method |
| CN114199686B (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2024-05-14 | 中交特种工程有限公司 | Model test device and method for operating highway tunnel lining disease evolution law |
| CN114687387B (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2024-03-19 | 浙江工业大学 | Simulation entity controller platform of foundation pit axial force servo system |
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