CN110736820B - Model test device of landslide area pipeline security - Google Patents
Model test device of landslide area pipeline security Download PDFInfo
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- CN110736820B CN110736820B CN201911036023.7A CN201911036023A CN110736820B CN 110736820 B CN110736820 B CN 110736820B CN 201911036023 A CN201911036023 A CN 201911036023A CN 110736820 B CN110736820 B CN 110736820B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
- G01M5/005—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
- G01M5/0058—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems of elongated objects, e.g. pipes, masts, towers or railways
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a model test device for pipeline safety in a landslide region. The device comprises a preparation system, a rainfall simulation system and a loading system, wherein the preparation system is used for containing and preparing a sample of the whole test, the rainfall simulation system is used for simulating rainfall, and the loading system uniformly loads a similar material sample in the preparation system through a hydraulic jack and simulates ground stress loading. The invention provides a model test device for pipeline safety in a landslide region, wherein a preparation system of the device can simulate the influence on the safety of a slope bottom pipeline when a landslide body slides down at different slope heights, different slope angles or rainfall through changing the number of spliced side plates and replacing strip-shaped control plates or rainfall sprayers with different inclination angles to reduce the rainfall, is not influenced by a test position, can meet different field requirements, and can be used for large-scale three-dimensional physical model tests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a model test device for pipeline safety in a landslide region.
Background
The landslide refers to the integral gliding damage generated by shearing a certain weak surface (or a weak zone) in a slope under the action of gravity mainly on partial rock-soil bodies forming the slope under certain natural conditions and geological conditions. Landslide usually has the characteristics of sudden, high frequency and destructive property, and is a large natural disaster recognized in the world. The pipeline laid on the slope bottom can be deformed or even bent and broken under the influence of the sliding body, thereby causing serious consequences.
At the present stage, the independent research on the pipeline and landslide disasters is comprehensive, the research on the pipeline and landslide disasters is less by combining the pipeline and the landslide disasters, and the influence rule of landslide body sliding on the laying pipeline cannot be deeply understood when different slope inclination angles, different slope heights or rainfall occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a model testing apparatus for pipeline safety in a landslide region, which simulates the influence of landslide on the safety of a pipeline at the bottom of a slope when a landslide body slides down at different slope angles, at different slope heights, or in rainfall.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a model test device for pipeline safety in a landslide area comprises a preparation system, a rainfall simulation system and a loading system. The preparation system comprises a guide frame, a device bottom plate, a movable bottom plate, a short-edge side plate capable of being spliced, a long-edge side plate capable of being spliced, a strip-shaped control plate, a movable side plate, a short-edge side plate, a long-edge side plate, a pipeline, a high-strength bolt, a sliding groove, a support bracket, a support rod piece and a connecting bolt; the rainfall simulation system comprises a bracket, a water pipe and a rainfall spray head; the loading system comprises a reaction frame and a hydraulic jack. The preparation system is characterized in that a guide frame is fixed on a device bottom plate, long-side plates and short-side plates are inserted into the guide frame to be fixed, a pipeline is inserted into a reserved fixed pipeline hole which is divided into an upper hole and a lower hole, the lower hole simulates the pipeline laid at the ground bottom, the upper hole simulates the pipeline laid on the ground surface, a movable bottom plate, a short-side plate capable of being spliced, a long-side plate capable of being spliced, a cut strip-shaped control plate and a movable side plate are assembled and fixed through high-strength bolts and are connected with the device into a whole through connecting bolts, and the movable bottom plate is adjusted to be horizontal by changing the position of a rectangular fixing bolt device in a sliding groove. The rainfall simulation system is fixed on the upper part of the guide frame by a detachable support, and a water pipe and a rainfall spray head are fixed on the support. The loading system comprises a reaction frame and hydraulic jacks, wherein the reaction frame is formed by connecting a front surface, a rear surface, a left surface, a right surface and a lower surface through high-strength bolts, the hydraulic jacks are positioned on the front surface, the rear surface, the left surface and the lower surface of the reaction frame, a cylinder body of each hydraulic jack is fixed on the corresponding reaction frame, and a power rod is provided with a square thruster for loading.
The preparation system of the device can simulate the influence of slope height when landslide occurs by changing the number of the side plates which can be spliced; the influence of the slope angle of the landslide is simulated when the landslide occurs by changing the cut strip-shaped control plates with different slope angles.
The rainfall simulation system of the device can adjust rainfall intensity and rainfall range by adjusting the water supply amount and the position of the rainfall sprayer, the rainfall sprayer adopts a conical fog-spraying type sprayer, raindrops emitted by the sprayer are smaller in diameter and better in dispersity, and cannot impact a slope surface greatly to influence a test result, the pore water pressure and the water content of a sample are measured by a pore water pressure sensor and a volume water content sensor which are buried in the sample, and the influence of rainfall characteristics on a landslide is simulated.
The device of the invention adjusts the number of the movable side plates and selects reasonable strip-shaped control plates according to the design requirements, and the movable side plates are spliced and fixed to form a whole; according to the principle of similar materials, the simulation materials adopted by the model test have better similarity with the physical and mechanical properties of the raw materials, and referring to the principle, the similar materials of the landslide model, which take barite powder, powdery clay, double flying powder, bentonite, river sand, floor wax, talcum powder and other materials as main bodies, of the raw materials can meet the similar requirements provided by the model similarity theory. Filling similar raw materials into a preparation system according to a calculated proportion, setting a pressure value of a hydraulic jack according to a similar scale and the ground stress in actual engineering after the similar materials meet the strength requirement, carrying out ground stress loading to form the ground stress required by an experiment, adjusting a horizontal landslide sample to a position at which landslide is about to occur by changing the position of a rectangular fixing bolt device in a chute, simulating a landslide experiment, if rainfall factors need to be considered, communicating a water pipe for rainfall during the experiment, adjusting the rainfall strength and the rainfall range by adjusting the water supply amount and the position of a spray head, measuring the pore water pressure and the moisture content of the sample by a pore water pressure sensor and a volume moisture content sensor which are embedded in the sample, leading a landslide body to be impacted to a pipeline at the bottom of the landslide, and obtaining the distribution and displacement changes of the pipeline pressure by sensors embedded at the periphery of the pipeline, the safety of the pipeline is detected, and the model test of the safety of the pipeline in the landslide area is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the device can simulate the landslide model test at different slope heights, slope surface inclination angles or in rainfall by changing the number of the short side plates, replacing the bar-shaped control plates and switching the rainfall spray heads according to the test requirements, and detect the pipeline safety.
2. The device simple structure, the simple operation, repeatedly usable.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the overall structure of the device is shown schematically.
FIG. 2: the plane structure of the device is shown schematically.
FIG. 3: the top view structure of the device is schematically shown.
FIG. 4: the preparation system of the device is schematically structured.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a reaction frame, 2 hydraulic jacks, 3 guide frames, 4 supports, 5 water pipes, 6 rainfall sprayers, 7 device bottom plates, 8 movable bottom plates, 9 spliced short-side plates, 10 spliced long-side plates, 11 strip-shaped control plates, 12 movable side plates, 13 short-side plates, 14 long-side plates, 15 long-side plates, 16 short-side plates, 17 pipelines, 18 fixed pipeline holes, 19 high-strength bolts, 20 rectangular fixed bolt devices, 21 chutes, 22 support supports, 23 support rod pieces and 24 connecting bolts.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a model test device for pipeline safety in a landslide region is manufactured, and comprises a reaction frame 1, a hydraulic jack 2, a guide frame 3, a support 4, a water pipe 5, a rainfall spray head 6, a device bottom plate 7, a movable bottom plate 8, a spliced short-side plate 9, a spliced long-side plate 10, a strip-shaped control plate 11, a movable side plate 12, a short-side plate 13, a long-side plate 14, a long-side plate 15, a long-side plate 16, a short-side plate 17, a pipeline 18, a fixed pipeline hole 19, a high-strength bolt 20, a rectangular fixed bolt device 21, a sliding groove 22, a support bracket 23, a support rod piece 23 and a connecting bolt 24.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
The forming die adopted in the embodiment is a steel die, and comprises a preparation system, a rainfall simulation system and a loading system: the preparation system is characterized in that a guide frame 3 is fixed on a device bottom plate 7, a long side plate 14, a long side plate 15, a short side plate 13 and a short side plate 16 are inserted into the guide frame 3 for fixing, a pipeline 17 is inserted into a fixed pipeline hole 18 reserved in the long side plate 15, a movable bottom plate 8, a splicing short side plate 9, a splicing long side plate 10, a cut strip-shaped control plate 11 and a movable side plate 12 are assembled and fixed through high-strength bolts and are connected with the device into a whole through connecting bolts 24, and the movable bottom plate 8 is adjusted to be horizontal by changing the position of a rectangular fixing bolt device 20 in a sliding groove 21. The rainfall simulation system is fixed on the upper part of the guide frame 3 by a detachable bracket 4, and a water pipe 5 and a rainfall spray head 6 are fixed on the bracket. The loading system comprises a reaction frame 1 and hydraulic jacks 2, wherein the reaction frame is formed by connecting a front surface, a rear surface, a left surface, a right surface and a lower surface through high-strength bolts, the hydraulic jacks 2 are positioned on the front surface, the rear surface and the left lower surface of the reaction frame, a cylinder body of each hydraulic jack is fixed on the corresponding reaction frame, and a power rod is provided with a square thruster for loading.
The preparation system of the device can simulate the influence of the slope height when landslide occurs by changing the number of the side plates 9 which can be spliced; the influence of the slope angle of the landslide when the landslide occurs is simulated by changing the strip-shaped control panel 11 cut to have different inclination angles.
The rainfall simulation system of the device can adjust rainfall intensity and rainfall range by adjusting the water supply amount and the position of the rainfall sprayer 6, the rainfall sprayer 6 adopts a cone spray type sprayer, raindrops emitted by the sprayer are small in diameter and good in dispersity, the test result cannot be influenced by large impact force generated on the slope surface, the pore water pressure and the water content of the sample are measured by a pore water pressure sensor and a volume water content sensor which are buried in the sample, and the influence of rainfall characteristics on the landslide is simulated.
The invention provides a model test method for landslide area pipeline safety by using the device, which comprises the following steps:
first, selecting side plates capable of being spliced and manufacturing strip-shaped control plates
According to the landslide height and the landslide inclination of experimental design, the movable bottom plate 8 is adjusted to be horizontal, the selected splicing short-side plate 9 and the splicing long-side plate 10 are fixed on the movable bottom plate 8 through the grooves and the connecting bolts, the rectangular steel plate is cut into a strip-shaped control plate 11, and the strip-shaped control plate 11 is fixed on the movable bottom plate 8 and the splicing long-side plate 10 through the connecting bolts.
Second, selecting the position of the pipeline
The reserved fixed pipeline holes 18 are divided into an upper hole and a lower hole, the lower hole simulates a pipeline laid under the ground, the upper hole simulates a pipeline laid on the ground, and the pipeline 17 is inserted into the reserved fixed pipeline holes 18 on the long side plates 15 according to the experimental requirements.
Thirdly, filling similar materials of the slope body
Weighing similar raw materials required by the experiment according to the calculated proportion, uniformly stirring the raw materials by using a stirrer, filling the similar raw materials into a preparation system, and scraping and maintaining the similar raw materials by using a scraper along the plate surface.
Fourth, test sample forming
And (3) removing the short-edge side plates 9 capable of being spliced, the long-edge side plates 10 capable of being spliced, the strip-shaped control plates 11 and the movable side plates 12 when the similar materials to be filled meet the strength requirement.
Fifth, ground stress loading
And setting the pressure value of the hydraulic jack 2 according to the similar scale and the ground stress in the actual engineering, and carrying out ground stress loading to form the ground stress required by the experiment.
Sixthly, simulating a sliding test of a sliding body
The position of a rectangular fixing bolt device in the sliding groove 21 is changed to adjust a horizontal landslide sample to a position where landslide is about to occur, a landslide simulation test is carried out, if rainfall factors need to be considered, water pipe 5 is connected for rainfall during the test, rainfall intensity and rainfall range are adjusted by adjusting water supply amount and rainfall spray head 6, pore water pressure and water content of the sample are measured by a pore water pressure sensor and a volume water content sensor which are buried in the sample, the pipeline 17 at the bottom of the landslide body can be impacted after the landslide body slides, pipeline pressure distribution and displacement changes are obtained by sensors buried at the periphery of the pipeline, pipeline safety is detected, and a model test of pipeline safety in a landslide region is completed.
Claims (1)
1. The model test device for the pipeline safety of the landslide area is characterized by comprising a preparation system, a rainfall simulation system and a loading system, wherein:
the preparation system comprises a guide frame, a device bottom plate, a movable bottom plate, a short-edge side plate capable of being spliced, a long-edge side plate capable of being spliced, a strip-shaped control plate, a movable side plate, a short-edge side plate, a long-edge side plate, a pipeline, a high-strength bolt, a sliding groove, a support bracket, a support rod piece and a connecting bolt, the guide frame is fixed on the device bottom plate, the bracket is fixed on the upper part of the guide frame, the water pipe and the precipitation nozzle are fixed on the bracket, the long side plates and the short side plates are inserted into the guide frame for fixation, the pipeline is inserted into a reserved fixed pipeline hole, the movable bottom plate, the short side plates which can be spliced, the long side plates which can be spliced, the cut strip-shaped control plate and the movable side plates are assembled and fixed through the high-strength bolts and are connected with the device into a whole through the connecting bolts, adjusting the movable bottom plate to be horizontal by changing the position of a rectangular fixing bolt device in the sliding groove;
the rainfall simulation system comprises a bracket, a water pipe and a rainfall spray head, wherein the detachable bracket is fixed on the upper part of the guide frame, and the water pipe and the rainfall spray head are fixed on the bracket;
the loading system comprises a reaction frame and a hydraulic jack, wherein the reaction frame is formed by connecting a front surface, a rear surface, a left surface, a right surface and a lower surface through high-strength bolts, a cylinder body of the hydraulic jack is fixed on the front surface, the rear surface and the left lower surface of the reaction frame, and a power rod is provided with a square thruster for loading; the square thruster directly applies ground stress on the sample;
the preparation system of the device can simulate the model test of the pipeline safety in the landslide area with different slope heights by changing the number of the side plates which can be spliced; simulating a model test of pipeline safety of a landslide area at different landslide inclination angles by changing the cut strip-shaped control plates with different inclination angles; the rainfall simulation system can adjust rainfall intensity and rainfall range by adjusting water supply amount and rainfall sprayer position, and can measure pore water pressure and water content of a sample by a pore water pressure sensor and a volume water content sensor buried in the sample to simulate a model test of pipeline safety of a landslide region where a landslide body slides down due to rainfall;
the horizontal landslide sample is adjusted to the position where landslide is about to occur by changing the position of a rectangular fixing bolt device in a sliding chute, a landslide test is simulated, a pipeline at the bottom of the landslide body can be impacted after the landslide body slides, the safety of the pipeline is detected by obtaining the distribution of pipeline pressure and the change of displacement through sensors embedded at the periphery of the pipeline, and a model test of the pipeline safety in a landslide area is completed;
the device is characterized in that the number of the movable side plates is adjusted and reasonable strip-shaped control plates are selected according to design requirements, the movable side plates are spliced and fixed to form a whole, according to the principle of similar materials, the simulation materials adopted by a model test have better similarity with the physical and mechanical properties of raw materials, by referring to the principle, similar materials of a landslide model, which take barite powder, powdery clay, fly ash, bentonite, river sand, floor wax and talcum powder as main bodies, can reach the similar requirements provided by the model similarity theory, and the similar raw materials are filled into a preparation system according to the calculated proportion and are cured and molded;
the device is characterized in that when the hydraulic jack on the reaction frame is used for carrying out ground stress loading, the pressure value of the hydraulic jack is set according to the similar scale and the ground stress in the actual engineering, and the ground stress loading is carried out to form the ground stress required by the experiment.
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| CN111721913A (en) * | 2020-05-23 | 2020-09-29 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Comprehensive model device with rainfall and underground water level tests |
| CN111879490B (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2022-05-20 | 常州大学 | Device and method for testing impact of landslide surge on pipeline on underwater slope |
| CN113063924B (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2022-04-12 | 贵州大学 | Test device and test method for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion |
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