CN104792966B - A kind of testing apparatus and method simulating subway shield tunnel construction initiation cavity, stratum - Google Patents
A kind of testing apparatus and method simulating subway shield tunnel construction initiation cavity, stratum Download PDFInfo
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- CN104792966B CN104792966B CN201510163614.6A CN201510163614A CN104792966B CN 104792966 B CN104792966 B CN 104792966B CN 201510163614 A CN201510163614 A CN 201510163614A CN 104792966 B CN104792966 B CN 104792966B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of testing apparatus and the method for simulating subway shield tunnel construction initiation cavity, stratum, comprises cavity model, trial model case (8), heating control apparatus (7), the test soil body (9), LVDT displacement gauge (10), steel tunnel model (11) in band hole, opening-closing valve (13), graduated cylinder (14); Described cavity model is for simulating the cavity, stratum of irregular shape, cavity model comprises urethane liquid capsule (3), resistance wire (4), the first conduit (5) and the 2nd conduit (6), resistance wire (4) is connected to heating control apparatus (7) through the 2nd conduit (6) on urethane liquid capsule (3), by heating control apparatus (7), resistance wire is carried out computer heating control. The present invention simulates subway shield tunnel construction and causes the testing apparatus in cavity, stratum and method can solve cavity, stratum in existing model trial preferably and is difficult to simulation and the cavity uncontrollable problem of shape.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to underground works experimental technique field, it is possible to the cavity, stratum of the simulation different shapes that causes of subway shield tunnel construction and scale, collapse and the model trial of extension mechanism provides foundation for studying cavity.
Background technology
In metro construction, shielding method owing to its speed of application is fast, the features such as surrounding environment influence is little are obtained and apply more and more widely. Shield method tunnel construction technology was through the development of more than 100 years, although making great progress, but still cause surrounding formation disturbance unavoidably, cause stress relief and the stratum deformation of the periphery soil body, very easily bring a series of problem such as surface subsidence, existing building composition deformation, in the accident that shield tunneling causes, the surface subsidence accident that cavity, stratum that shielded construction brings out causes accounts for the 60% of total number of accident, and the ground that cavity, stratum the is brought out harm that uncertainty that accident occurs due to it, hysteresis quality, emergentness and causing cause after having an accident of subsiding is bigger. Therefore, for shielded construction brought out the differentiation in cavity, stratum and expansion mechanism and cause the ground settlement problem of subsiding carry out further investigation and be very important.
At present about shielded construction brought out the differentiation in cavity, stratum and expansion mechanism and cause the main method of institute's employing subsided of ground settlement have on-the-spot test method, numerical method and indoor model test method. Indoor model test is based on theory of similitude, utilize and carry out test to the similar model of prototype in geometry, material etc., have can manual control and change test conditions, replica test can be carried out, effect is intuitively clear, the features such as the cycle is short, are widely used in tunnels and underground engineering research field.
In existing simulator and method, there is a common shortcoming, it is exactly in the simulation for cavity, stratum, the uncertainty of cavity, stratum in shape and scale cannot be embodied, just cavity, stratum is reduced to a certain specific shape (as circular or oval) usually.But, in actual engineering, cavity, the stratum shape that shielded construction causes is irregular, and cavity scale also exists very big uncertainty, is approximately the research that specified shape carries out, and test-results is often bigger with practical situation deviation.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the testing apparatus that shielded construction causes cavity, irregular shape stratum in the model trial of cavity, stratum. This testing apparatus can solve cavity, stratum in existing model trial preferably and be difficult to simulation and the cavity uncontrollable problem of shape.
In order to achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme:
Simulate the testing apparatus that subway shield tunnel construction causes cavity, stratum, comprise cavity model, trial model case (8), heating control apparatus (7), the test soil body (9), LVDT displacement gauge (10), steel tunnel model (11) in band hole, opening-closing valve (13), graduated cylinder (14), described cavity model is for simulating the cavity, stratum of irregular shape, cavity model comprises urethane liquid capsule (3), resistance wire (4), first conduit (5) and the 2nd conduit (6), first conduit (5) and the 2nd conduit (6) are arranged on urethane liquid capsule (3) and go up and to be communicated to urethane liquid capsule (3) inner, it is inner that resistance wire (4) is arranged on urethane liquid capsule (3), described resistance wire (4) is connected to heating control apparatus (7) through the 2nd conduit (6) on urethane liquid capsule (3), by heating control apparatus (7), resistance wire is carried out computer heating control, the first conduit (5) on urethane liquid capsule (3) comprises the liquid medium of water for conveying in urethane liquid capsule (3), or this liquid medium is transported to the graduated cylinder (14) that urethane liquid capsule (3) is outside, the filling test soil body (9) in trial model case (8), arranges LVDT displacement gauge to measure surface displacement (10) on soil layer surface after being filled to desired height.
Described testing apparatus, the making method of described cavity model is: adopt igelite (1) to make required Internal periphery as required, woven wire (2) small pieces of cloth used for patches is inner at igelite (1), together with urethane liquid capsule (3) outside surface fits tightly with woven wire (2), resistance wire (4) is set in urethane liquid capsule (3) and by the 2nd conduit (6), resistance wire (4) is led to outside; After igelite (1) and woven wire (2) are set as a certain shape, in urethane liquid capsule (3), water is filled by the first conduit (5), then it is put in refrigerated tank (12), after water in urethane liquid capsule (3) is consolidated into ice, remove igelite (1) and woven wire (2) the empty model in cavity, stratum for simulating different shape.
Utilizing described experimental installation to carry out the empty method bringing out ground settlement model trial in stratum, concrete implementation step is:
A1, making cavity model: first resistance wire (4) is put into urethane liquid capsule (3) and is connected with outside by conduit (6), conduit (5) is connected with urethane liquid capsule (3) simultaneously; Urethane liquid capsule (3) outside under shrivelled state is surrounded woven wire (2) and igelite (1), the external model of woven wire (2) with igelite composition is set as required specified shape, by the first conduit (5) to water filling in urethane liquid capsule (3), until the Nang Bi of urethane liquid capsule (3) and woven wire (2) are close to; Device being put into refrigerated tank (12) freezing, in urethane liquid capsule (3), water takes out after being all consolidated into ice, removes woven wire (2) and igelite (1), obtains cavity, irregular shape stratum model;
A2, install cavity model: cavity model is placed in trial model case (8) carry out install fix, 2nd conduit (6) is connected with the external world by the aperture on steel tunnel model (11), and the resistance wire (4) in it connects heating control apparatus (7); First conduit (5) leads to graduated cylinder (14) by steel tunnel model (11) another aperture, and opening-closing valve (13) is set in the first conduit (5) end, experiment keeps the water yield in opening-closing valve (13) closedown and graduated cylinder (14) to be zero before starting; The filling test soil body (9) in mold box compacting, arrange LVDT displacement gauge (10) on soil layer surface;
A3, experimentation: open opening-closing valve (13), the thawing speed of ice cube in urethane liquid capsule (3) is controlled by heating control apparatus (7), after ice cube melts completely, cavity is formed, now record the volume of water in graduated cylinder (14), being scaled cavity volume by calculating, LVDT displacement gauge continues to monitor surface displacement.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention utilizes the feature of liquid water shape malleable, the container filling liquid water is set shape in advance, be full of after water by its freezing be solid-state ice, shape invariance can be kept within a certain period of time, this method can effectively solve the problem that cavity, shape irregular stratum is difficult to simulate.
2, in conventional model trial, cavity, stratum generally can only disposable generate, the present invention controls the ice cube thawing time by the resistance wire arranged in liquid capsule, thus reaches the object of cavity, control stratum formation time, can be used for studying the impact of time speed for ground settlement of cavity, stratum formation.
3, water output duct and Resistant heating device are connected with the external world in duct by the present invention by arranging on tunnel model, effectively avoid the disturbance problem that conduit is embedded in the soil body to be caused by the soil body, make model trial closer to engineering practical situation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is of the present invention for simulating cavity, irregular shape stratum setting drawing;
Fig. 2 is the described mold box of invention and cavity, stratum analog system device front view;
Wherein, 1, igelite; 2, woven wire; 3, urethane liquid capsule; 4, resistance wire; 5, the first conduit; 6, the 2nd conduit; 7, heating control apparatus; 8, trial model case; 9, the soil body is tested; 10, LVDT displacement gauge; 11, steel tunnel model; 12, refrigerated tank; 13, opening-closing valve; 14, graduated cylinder.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, simulation subway shield tunnel construction causes the testing apparatus in cavity, stratum, comprises cavity model, trial model case 8, heating control apparatus 7, the test soil body 9, LVDT displacement gauge 10, the steel tunnel model 11 in band hole, opening-closing valve 13, graduated cylinder 14; Described cavity model is for simulating the cavity, stratum of irregular shape, cavity model comprises urethane liquid capsule 3, resistance wire 4, first conduit 5 and the 2nd conduit 6, two conduit 6 of resistance wire 4 on urethane liquid capsule 3 is connected to heating control apparatus 7, by heating control apparatus 7, resistance wire is carried out computer heating control, the first conduit 5 on urethane liquid capsule 3 comprises the liquid medium of water for conveying in urethane liquid capsule 3, or is transported to by this liquid medium in the graduated cylinder 14 of urethane liquid capsule 3 outside.
The making method of cavity model is: adopt igelite 1 to make required Internal periphery as required, woven wire 2 small pieces of cloth used for patches is inner at igelite 1, urethane liquid capsule 3 outside surface arranges resistance wire 4 in urethane liquid capsule 3 and by the 2nd conduit 6, resistance wire 4 is led to outside together with fitting tightly with woven wire 2;After igelite 1 and woven wire 2 are set as a certain shape, in urethane liquid capsule 3, water is filled by the first conduit 5, then it is put in refrigerated tank 12, after for some time, water in urethane liquid capsule 3 is consolidated into ice, remove igelite 1 and woven wire 2 the empty model in cavity, stratum for simulating different shape.
The filling test soil body 9 in trial model case 8, arranges LVDT displacement gauge to measure surface displacement 10 on soil layer surface after being filled to desired height.
Test is needed the volume being measured cavity by graduated cylinder 14, under original state, in urethane liquid capsule 3, the state of water is the ice of solid, becoming liquid water after resistance wire 4 heating and melting enters in graduated cylinder 14, after water freezing, volume increases, can not simply with the volume of the volume of water in graduated cylinder 14 as cavity, the cubing formula in cavity can have analysis below to obtain.
ρWater=1g/cm3ρIce=0.9g/cm3
mWater=mIce
By
Can obtain
vEmptyThe volume in-------cavity;
vIceThe volume of ice cube in-----liquid capsule 3;
vWaterThe volume of water in------graduated cylinder 14;
Utilizing cavity, described irregular shape stratum simulator to carry out cavity, stratum and bring out ground settlement model trial, concrete implementation step is:
1, cavity model is made: first resistance wire 4 is put into urethane liquid capsule 3 and be connected with outside by conduit 6, be connected with urethane liquid capsule 3 by conduit 5 simultaneously; Urethane liquid capsule 3 outside under shrivelled state is surrounded woven wire 2 and igelite 1, the external model of woven wire 2 with igelite composition is set as required specified shape, by the first conduit 5 to water filling in urethane liquid capsule 3, until the Nang Bi of urethane liquid capsule 3 and woven wire 2 are close to; Device being put into refrigerated tank 12 freezing, in urethane liquid capsule 3, water takes out after being all consolidated into ice, removes woven wire 2 and igelite 1, obtains cavity, irregular shape stratum model.
2, cavity model is installed: cavity model being placed in trial model case 8 and carries out installing fixing, the 2nd conduit 6 is connected with extraneous by the aperture on steel tunnel model 11, and the resistance wire 4 in it connects heating control apparatus 7; First conduit 5 leads to graduated cylinder 14 by another aperture of steel tunnel model 11, and arranges opening-closing valve 13 in the first conduit 5 end, and experiment keeps opening-closing valve 13 to close and in graduated cylinder 14, the water yield is zero before starting; In mold box, the filling test soil body 9 also compacting, arranges LVDT displacement gauge 10 on soil layer surface.
3, experimentation: open opening-closing valve 13, the thawing speed of ice cube in urethane liquid capsule 3 is controlled by heating control apparatus 7, after ice cube melts completely, cavity is formed, now record the volume of water in graduated cylinder 14, being scaled cavity volume by above-mentioned formula, LVDT displacement gauge continues to monitor surface displacement.
Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, it is possible to improved according to the above description or convert, and all these improve and convert the protection domain that all should belong to claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. simulate the testing apparatus that subway shield tunnel construction causes cavity, stratum for one kind, it is characterized in that, comprise cavity model, trial model case (8), heating control apparatus (7), the test soil body (9), LVDT displacement gauge (10), steel tunnel model (11) in band hole, opening-closing valve (13), graduated cylinder (14), described cavity model is for simulating the cavity, stratum of irregular shape, cavity model comprises urethane liquid capsule (3), resistance wire (4), first conduit (5) and the 2nd conduit (6), first conduit (5) and the 2nd conduit (6) are arranged on urethane liquid capsule (3) and go up and to be communicated to urethane liquid capsule (3) inner, it is inner that resistance wire (4) is arranged on urethane liquid capsule (3), described resistance wire (4) is connected to heating control apparatus (7) through the 2nd conduit (6) on urethane liquid capsule (3), by heating control apparatus (7), resistance wire is carried out computer heating control, the first conduit (5) on urethane liquid capsule (3) comprises the liquid medium of water for conveying in urethane liquid capsule (3), or this liquid medium is transported to the graduated cylinder (14) that urethane liquid capsule (3) is outside,The filling test soil body (9) in trial model case (8), arranges LVDT displacement gauge (10) to measure surface displacement on soil layer surface after being filled to desired height.
2. testing apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the making method of described cavity model is: adopt igelite (1) to make required Internal periphery as required, woven wire (2) small pieces of cloth used for patches is inner at igelite (1), together with urethane liquid capsule (3) outside surface fits tightly with woven wire (2), resistance wire (4) is set in urethane liquid capsule (3) and by the 2nd conduit (6), resistance wire (4) is led to outside; After igelite (1) and woven wire (2) are set as a certain shape, in urethane liquid capsule (3), water is filled by the first conduit (5), then it is put in refrigerated tank (12), after water in urethane liquid capsule (3) is consolidated into ice, remove igelite (1) and woven wire (2) the empty model in cavity, stratum for simulating different shape.
3. utilize testing apparatus described in claim 1 or 2 to carry out the empty method bringing out ground settlement model trial in stratum, it is characterised in that, concrete implementation step is:
A1, making cavity model: first resistance wire (4) is put into urethane liquid capsule (3) and is connected with outside by the 2nd conduit (6), the first conduit (5) is connected with urethane liquid capsule (3) simultaneously; Urethane liquid capsule (3) outside under shrivelled state is surrounded woven wire (2) and igelite (1), the external model of woven wire (2) with igelite composition is set as required specified shape, by the first conduit (5) to water filling in urethane liquid capsule (3), until the Nang Bi of urethane liquid capsule (3) and woven wire (2) are close to; Device being put into refrigerated tank (12) freezing, in urethane liquid capsule (3), water takes out after being all consolidated into ice, removes woven wire (2) and igelite (1), obtains cavity, irregular shape stratum model;
A2, install cavity model: cavity model is placed in trial model case (8) carry out install fix, 2nd conduit (6) is connected with the external world by the aperture on steel tunnel model (11), and the resistance wire (4) in it connects heating control apparatus (7); First conduit (5) leads to graduated cylinder (14) by steel tunnel model (11) another aperture, and opening-closing valve (13) is set in the first conduit (5) end, experiment keeps the water yield in opening-closing valve (13) closedown and graduated cylinder (14) to be zero before starting; The filling test soil body (9) in mold box compacting, arrange LVDT displacement gauge (10) on soil layer surface;
A3, experimentation: open opening-closing valve (13), the thawing speed of ice cube in urethane liquid capsule (3) is controlled by heating control apparatus (7), after ice cube melts completely, cavity is formed, now record the volume of water in graduated cylinder (14), being scaled cavity volume by calculating, LVDT displacement gauge continues to monitor surface displacement.
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| JP2000214268A (en) * | 1999-01-26 | 2000-08-04 | Taisei Corp | Elastic wave measuring device |
| CN101625289B (en) * | 2009-08-05 | 2011-03-16 | 山东大学 | Hidden water body or water filling karst pipe system in similar model test and embedding method thereof |
| CN101644632B (en) * | 2009-08-05 | 2011-04-13 | 山东大学 | Filler-free type karst cave or karst pipeline system in similar model test and embedding method thereof |
| CN101625352B (en) * | 2009-08-05 | 2013-08-28 | 山东大学 | Test method of karst water burst when tunneling and monitor device thereof |
| CN102003175A (en) * | 2010-11-12 | 2011-04-06 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Method for forecasting water inflow of railway karst tunnel water filling cavity through dewatering test method |
| CN103105310A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-05-15 | 北京工业大学 | Testing device and method of ground deformation caused by simulating metro shield tunnel construction |
| CN203148702U (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2013-08-21 | 西南交通大学 | A tunnel model testing apparatus considering a goaf and a cave |
| CN203881760U (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-10-15 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Test device for simulating stratum loss caused by pipe-jacking construction |
| CN204101385U (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-01-14 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of system having pressure solution chamber for simulation in tunnel excavation model test |
| CN104215517A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2014-12-17 | 西南交通大学 | System and method for simulating pressure cavity in tunnel excavating model test |
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| CN109696541A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-04-30 | 中国海洋大学 | Simulate the threedimensional model tunnel test device that sedimentation is excavated containing empty formation tunnel |
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