CN104215517A - System and method for simulating pressure cavity in tunnel excavating model test - Google Patents
System and method for simulating pressure cavity in tunnel excavating model test Download PDFInfo
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- CN104215517A CN104215517A CN201410513882.1A CN201410513882A CN104215517A CN 104215517 A CN104215517 A CN 104215517A CN 201410513882 A CN201410513882 A CN 201410513882A CN 104215517 A CN104215517 A CN 104215517A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and method for simulating a pressure cavity in a tunnel excavating model test. The system is characterized in that an air pressure P' is loaded to a water pressure control container through an air pressure control container, and the water pressure is controlled through the air pressure to charge a water pressure P into a water bag in which the pressure cavity is simulated, so as to simulate the influence of the cavity under different water pressure on the tunnel excavation process. With the adoption of the system and method, the accurate quantization of pressure in the water bag can be ensured within a small range, the introduced air pressure controller is beneficial for gradually pressurizing during the test, and thus the pressure cavity under a large water pressure can be simulated; the pressure of the air pressure control container is reasonably arranged, the arranging height of the water pressure container can be effectively reduced on the premise that the water pressure in the water bag reaches the water pressure in the cavity, and therefore, the defects of limited simulating range and poor operability caused by simply controlling the water pressure through the height of a water barrel by utilizing water pressure simulation can be overcome.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tunnel excavation model test solution cavity simulation system and method, relate in particular to a kind of system and method that has pressure solution chamber for simulation tunnel excavation model test.
Background technology
Along with the develop rapidly of carrying out enforcement and communication of China's strategy to develop western regions, in the widely distributed area of karst, building highway and railway tunnel will be inevitable.Karst mainly comprises that on the impact of tunnel excavation Tunnel Base, cave top board subside, unsettled when underground cavern is met in tunnel, subsiding of tunnel top solution-cavity filling thing, karst water is poured into tunnel in a large number, easily make tunnel produce prominent mud, water burst, cave in, underground water table declines, causes subsidence, affects surrounding environment.In excavation, do not disclose solution cavity out and fail to take safety measures in advance because of engineering, the destruction that subjects to be taken by surprise, large to constructing tunnel harmfulness.
In existing tunnel excavation model test, for the simulation of karst area solution cavity, mainly contain following several method: empty method, water bag method and air-bag method.Cavity method be in empirical model manufacturing process by the relevant position of preset solution cavity after rubber pocket qi of chong channel ascending adversely until model solidifies, before starting loading experiment, by the air scavenge in rubber pocket, make it in model, form karst cavity; Water bag method is in model, to place a water bag, and water bag is connected with bucket by water pipe, by controlling the height of bucket, controls the hydraulic pressure in water bag, realizes the simulation that has pressure solution chamber; The concrete grammar of air bag simulation is in model, to place air bag, by conduit, air bag is connected with barometer, thereby utilize barometer to control air bag internal gas pressure, realizes the simulation that has pressure solution chamber.
Although above method can be simulated the molten chamber in karst region roughly, has different defects: empty method only can be simulated solution cavity with no pressure, and range of application is narrow; Water bag method realizes the control to molten chamber internal water pressure by controlling the height of bucket, needs larger height when molten cavity pressure is larger, is not easy to realize operation; Air-bag method is because impermeability is not easy to control, and the elastic force of air bag itself can balance out a part of gaseous tension, causes air bag less than normal to the pressure of model.Said method is existent defect separately, poor operability, and can not realize convenient accurately simulation has pressure solution chamber.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the simulation system and the method that in a kind of tunnel excavation model test, there are pressure solution chamber.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
A kind of system that has pressure solution chamber for the simulation of tunnel excavation model test, utilize air pressure to control container and load air pressure P ' to hydraulic pressure control container, by air pressure, control hydraulic pressure and have to simulation in the water bag in pressure solution chamber and add hydraulic pressure P, and then simulate the molten chamber of different hydraulic pressure sizes for the impact of tunnel excavation process.
The described system that has pressure solution chamber for the simulation of tunnel excavation model test, comprises air pressure control container (1), hydraulic pressure control container (6), water bag (8), country rock analog material (12), test-bed (13); Air pressure is controlled in container (1) and is filled high pressure compressed gas, air pressure is controlled container (1) and is connected valve (2), air pressure is controlled container (1) and is connected to hydraulic pressure control container (6) top by wireway (3), hydraulic pressure control container (6) top gassy, hydraulic pressure control container (6) bottom is full of water, hydraulic pressure control container (6) top is communicated with wireway (3), and barometer (5) is installed at top, for measuring hydraulic pressure control container (6) upper gas pressure; Hydraulic pressure control container (6) sidewall indicates scale, and corresponding aqueduct (7) center, (0) scale place, is convenient to accurately read liquid level; Hydraulic pressure control container (6) bottom is connected to water bag (8) by aqueduct (7), water bag (8) and aqueduct (7) are embedded in test-bed (13) when burying country rock analog material (12) underground, in water bag (8), place the bar-mat reinforcement skeleton (9) of the molten cavity shape of simulation, water bag (8) adopts latex to make, and water bag (8) volume is slightly larger than bar-mat reinforcement skeleton (9) outline volume; By valve (2), control gases at high pressure flow velocity, progressively by wireway (3), in hydraulic pressure control container (6), load air pressure, cause air pressure in hydraulic pressure control container (6) to increase, the water in hydraulic pressure control container (6) is pressed into water bag (8) by being connected to the aqueduct (7) of hydraulic pressure control container (6) bottom; By barometer (5) reading, control air pressure and control container (1) according to designing gradient progressively to hydraulic pressure control container (6) loading air pressure; Read hydraulic pressure control container (6) water level inside and barometer (5) reader is calculated the interior hydraulic pressure P of water bag (8):
P＝P′+γ(h-H)，
Hydraulic pressure in P------water bag;
P '------barometer reading;
The severe of γ-------water, the i.e. weight of unit bodies ponding;
H------liquid level is to the height at hydraulic pressure control container aqueduct center;
H------water bag center to hydraulic pressure control container lower guide centre of conduit height;
Setting tunneling (10) under fixing hydraulic pressure, until after having excavated; If tunnel in digging process (10) do not cave in, continue to strengthen hydraulic pressure, until tunnel (10) cave in, in pressure process, record (12) displacement of country rock analog material and various parameter, barometer (5) reading when recording tunnel and caving in.
A kind of method that has pressure solution chamber for the simulation of tunnel excavation model test, utilize air pressure to control container and load air pressure P ' to hydraulic pressure control container, by air pressure, control hydraulic pressure and have to simulation in the water bag in pressure solution chamber and add hydraulic pressure P, and then simulate the molten chamber of different hydraulic pressure sizes for the impact of tunnel excavation process.
Described method, adopts simulation to have the system in pressure solution chamber, and this system comprises air pressure control container (1), hydraulic pressure control container (6), water bag (8), country rock analog material (12), test-bed (13); Air pressure is controlled in container (1) and is filled high pressure compressed gas, air pressure is controlled container (1) and is connected valve (2), air pressure is controlled container (1) and is connected to hydraulic pressure control container (6) top by wireway (3), hydraulic pressure control container (6) top gassy, hydraulic pressure control container (6) bottom is full of water, hydraulic pressure control container (6) top is communicated with wireway, and barometer (5) is installed at top, be convenient to measure hydraulic pressure control container (6) upper gas pressure; Hydraulic pressure control container (6) sidewall indicates scale, and corresponding aqueduct (7) center, (0) scale place, is convenient to read liquid level; Hydraulic pressure control container (6) bottom is connected to water bag (8) by aqueduct (7), water bag (8) and aqueduct (7) are embedded in test-bed (13) when burying country rock analog material (12) underground, in water bag (8), place the bar-mat reinforcement skeleton (9) of the molten cavity shape of simulation, water bag (8) adopts latex to make, and water bag (8) volume is slightly larger than bar-mat reinforcement skeleton (9) outline volume; By valve (2), control gases at high pressure flow velocity, progressively by wireway (3), in hydraulic pressure control container (6), load air pressure, cause air pressure in hydraulic pressure control container (6) to increase, the water in hydraulic pressure control container (6) is pressed into water bag (8) by being connected to the aqueduct (7) of hydraulic pressure control container (6) bottom; By barometer (5) reading, control air pressure and control container (1) according to designing gradient progressively to hydraulic pressure control container (6) loading air pressure; Read hydraulic pressure control container (6) water level inside and barometer (5) reader is calculated the interior hydraulic pressure P of water bag (8):
P＝P′+γ(h-H)，
Hydraulic pressure in P------water bag;
P '------barometer reading;
The severe of γ-------water, the i.e. weight of unit bodies ponding;
H------liquid level is to the height at hydraulic pressure control container aqueduct center;
H------water bag center to hydraulic pressure control container lower guide centre of conduit height;
Setting tunneling (10) under fixing hydraulic pressure, until after having excavated; If tunnel in digging process (10) do not cave in, continue to strengthen hydraulic pressure, until tunnel (10) cave in, in pressure process, record (12) displacement of country rock analog material and various parameter, barometer (5) reading when recording tunnel and caving in.
The using method of model test of the present invention is:
A, erecting device: according to similarity theory, in test-bed, bury similar model material underground, while burying country rock analog material underground, drafting the pre-buried water bag in position, molten chamber and internal steel rod-mesh skeleton thereof, aqueduct.From experimental stand, draw aqueduct and be connected to hydraulic pressure control container bottom.Hydraulic pressure control container top connects wireway, and the other end is controlled container with air pressure and is connected.
B, check impermeability: after device installs, by air pressure, control container and pressurize to hydraulic pressure control internal tank, after loading, record barometer reading and hydraulic pressure control internal tank liquid level reading.Whether now close on wireway valve and Pneumatic controller valve standing 10 minutes, observe liquid level in barometer reading and hydraulic pressure control container and go up, if constant, impermeability is good; Otherwise, reinstall device.
C, experimentation: by setting the molten chamber of certain hydraulic pressure, determining tunneling under hydraulic pressure, until tunnel excavation completes, monitoring the correlation parameter of country rock analog material and supporting construction; Then according to setting gradient, progressively strengthen hydraulic pressure, until the soil body caves in; Barometer reading when recording the soil body and caving in.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention utilizes law of connected vessels, can in more among a small circle, guarantee water bag internal pressure precise quantification, and the introducing that air pressure is controlled container provides the progressively pressurized operation that is beneficial to process of the test, can realize the simulation that is pressed with pressure solution chamber compared with flood;
2, by air pressure, control the reasonable setting of container pressure, in meeting water bag, hydraulic pressure reaches under the prerequisite of hydraulic pressure in molten chamber, effectively reduced the placing height of hydraulic pressure container, made up and utilized merely hydraulic analogue to control by bucket height the defect that hydraulic pressure causes the limited and poor operability of simulation context;
3, the water bag that the present invention is slightly larger than bar-mat reinforcement Skeleton Table area by choosing latex material and the volume elastic force of air bag of having determined own is offset after gaseous tension, cause and act on country rock analog material pressure error less than normal, solved test-bed inner balloon and wireway impermeability and be difficult for the defect guaranteeing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the pressure solution chamber analogue means structure front elevation that has of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the pressure solution chamber analogue means structure side view that has of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is hydraulic pressure control container structure figure of the present invention.
Wherein, 1. air pressure is controlled container; 2. air pressure is controlled container valve; 3 wireways; 4. wireway valve; 5. barometer; 6. hydraulic pressure control container; 7. aqueduct; 8. water bag; 9. bar-mat reinforcement skeleton; 10. tunnel; 11.25 number reinforcement channel-section steel; 12. country rock analog materials; 13. test-beds; 14. concrete walls; 15. joist steel.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, for the simulation of tunnel excavation model test, there is the system in pressure solution chamber to comprise air pressure control container 1, hydraulic pressure control container 6, water bag 8, country rock analog material 12, test-bed 13; Air pressure is controlled in container 1 and is filled high pressure compressed gas, air pressure is controlled container 1 and is connected valve 2, air pressure is controlled container 1 and is connected to hydraulic pressure control container 6 tops by wireway 3, hydraulic pressure control container 6 top gassies, hydraulic pressure control container 6 bottoms are full of water, hydraulic pressure control container 6 tops are communicated with wireway, and at top, barometer 5 are installed, and are convenient to measure hydraulic pressure control container 6 upper gas pressure; Hydraulic pressure control container 6 sidewalls indicate scale, and corresponding aqueduct 7 centers, 0 scale place, are convenient to read liquid level; Hydraulic pressure control container 6 bottoms are connected to water bag 8 by aqueduct 7, and water bag 8 and aqueduct 7 are embedded in test-bed 13 when burying country rock analog material 12 underground, and the bar-mat reinforcement skeleton 9 of molten cavity shape is simulated in the interior placement of water bag 8.
In experimentation, by valve 2, control gases at high pressure flow velocity, progressively by wireway 3, in hydraulic pressure control container 6, load air pressure, cause air pressure in hydraulic pressure control container 6 to increase, the water in hydraulic pressure control container 6 is pressed into water bag 8 by being connected to the aqueduct 7 of hydraulic pressure control container 6 bottoms.By barometer 5 readings, control air pressure and control container 1 according to designing gradient progressively to hydraulic pressure control container 6 loading air pressure.Read hydraulic pressure control container 6 water level inside and barometer 5 readers and calculate the interior hydraulic pressure P of water bag 8:
P＝P′+γ(h-H)，
Hydraulic pressure in P------water bag;
P '------barometer reading;
The severe of γ-------water, the i.e. weight of unit bodies ponding;
H------liquid level is to the height at hydraulic pressure control container aqueduct center;
H------water bag center to hydraulic pressure control container lower guide centre of conduit height;
Setting tunneling 10 under fixing hydraulic pressure, until after having excavated.If tunnel 10 does not cave in and continue to strengthen hydraulic pressure in digging process, until tunnel 10 caves in, in pressure process, record 12 displacements of country rock analog material and various parameter, barometer 5 readings when recording tunnel and caving in.
Utilize described simulation to have pressure solution chamber device to carry out Karst Geological Landscape tunnel excavation model test, concrete implementation step is:
A, erecting device: according to similarity theory, in test-bed 13, bury country rock analog material 12 underground, while burying country rock analog material underground, drafting the pre-buried water bag 8 in position, molten chamber and internal steel rod-mesh skeleton 9 thereof, aqueduct 7.From experimental stand, draw aqueduct 7 and be connected to hydraulic pressure control container 6 bottoms.Hydraulic pressure control container 6 tops connect wireway 3, and the other end is controlled container 1 with air pressure and is connected.
B, check impermeability: after device installs, by air pressure, control container 1 to hydraulic pressure control container 6 internal pressurization, after loading, record the inner liquid level reading of barometer 5 readings and hydraulic pressure control container 6.Whether now close on wireway valve 4 and Pneumatic controller valve 2 standing 10 minutes, observe barometer 5 readings and the interior liquid level of hydraulic pressure control container 6 and go up, if constant, impermeability is good; Otherwise, reinstall device.
C, experimentation: by setting the water bag 8 of certain hydraulic pressure, setting tunneling 10 under hydraulic pressure, until tunnel 8 has excavated, monitoring the correlation parameter of country rock analog material 12 and supporting construction; Then according to setting gradient, progressively strengthen hydraulic pressure, until the soil body caves in; Barometer 5 readings when recording the soil body and caving in.
Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or convert, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. for tunnel excavation model test, simulate the system that has pressure solution chamber for one kind, it is characterized in that, utilize air pressure to control container and load air pressure P ' to hydraulic pressure control container, by air pressure, control hydraulic pressure and have to simulation in the water bag in pressure solution chamber and add hydraulic pressure P, and then simulate the molten chamber of different hydraulic pressure sizes for the impact of tunnel excavation process.
2. for the simulation of tunnel excavation model test, there is according to claim 1 the system in pressure solution chamber, it is characterized in that, comprise air pressure control container (1), hydraulic pressure control container (6), water bag (8), country rock analog material (12), test-bed (13); Air pressure is controlled in container (1) and is filled high pressure compressed gas, air pressure is controlled container (1) and is connected valve (2), air pressure is controlled container (1) and is connected to hydraulic pressure control container (6) top by wireway (3), hydraulic pressure control container (6) top gassy, hydraulic pressure control container (6) bottom is full of water, hydraulic pressure control container (6) top is communicated with wireway (3), and barometer (5) is installed at top, for measuring hydraulic pressure control container (6) upper gas pressure; Hydraulic pressure control container (6) sidewall indicates scale, and corresponding aqueduct (7) center, (0) scale place, is convenient to accurately read liquid level; Hydraulic pressure control container (6) bottom is connected to water bag (8) by aqueduct (7), water bag (8) and aqueduct (7) are embedded in test-bed (13) when burying country rock analog material (12) underground, in water bag (8), place the bar-mat reinforcement skeleton (9) of the molten cavity shape of simulation, water bag (8) adopts latex to make, and water bag (8) volume is slightly larger than bar-mat reinforcement skeleton (9) outline volume; By valve (2), control gases at high pressure flow velocity, progressively by wireway (3), in hydraulic pressure control container (6), load air pressure, cause air pressure in hydraulic pressure control container (6) to increase, the water in hydraulic pressure control container (6) is pressed into water bag (8) by being connected to the aqueduct (7) of hydraulic pressure control container (6) bottom; By barometer (5) reading, control air pressure and control container (1) according to designing gradient progressively to hydraulic pressure control container (6) loading air pressure; Read hydraulic pressure control container (6) water level inside and barometer (5) reader is calculated the interior hydraulic pressure P of water bag (8):
P＝P′+γ(h-H)，
Hydraulic pressure in P------water bag;
P '------barometer reading;
The severe of γ-------water, the i.e. weight of unit bodies ponding;
H------liquid level is to the height at hydraulic pressure control container aqueduct center;
H------water bag center to hydraulic pressure control container lower guide centre of conduit height;
Setting tunneling (10) under fixing hydraulic pressure, until after having excavated; If tunnel in digging process (10) do not cave in, continue to strengthen hydraulic pressure, until tunnel (10) cave in, in pressure process, record (12) displacement of country rock analog material and various parameter, barometer (5) reading when recording tunnel and caving in.
3. for tunnel excavation model test, simulate the method that has pressure solution chamber for one kind, it is characterized in that, utilize air pressure to control container and load air pressure P ' to hydraulic pressure control container, by air pressure, control hydraulic pressure and have to simulation in the water bag in pressure solution chamber and add hydraulic pressure P, and then simulate the molten chamber of different hydraulic pressure sizes for the impact of tunnel excavation process.
4. method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, adopt simulation to have the system in pressure solution chamber, this system comprises air pressure control container (1), hydraulic pressure control container (6), water bag (8), country rock analog material (12), test-bed (13); Air pressure is controlled in container (1) and is filled high pressure compressed gas, air pressure is controlled container (1) and is connected valve (2), air pressure is controlled container (1) and is connected to hydraulic pressure control container (6) top by wireway (3), hydraulic pressure control container (6) top gassy, hydraulic pressure control container (6) bottom is full of water, hydraulic pressure control container (6) top is communicated with wireway, and barometer (5) is installed at top, be convenient to measure hydraulic pressure control container (6) upper gas pressure; Hydraulic pressure control container (6) sidewall indicates scale, and corresponding aqueduct (7) center, (0) scale place, is convenient to read liquid level; Hydraulic pressure control container (6) bottom is connected to water bag (8) by aqueduct (7), water bag (8) and aqueduct (7) are embedded in test-bed (13) when burying country rock analog material (12) underground, in water bag (8), place the bar-mat reinforcement skeleton (9) of the molten cavity shape of simulation, water bag (8) adopts latex to make, and water bag (8) volume is slightly larger than bar-mat reinforcement skeleton (9) outline volume; By valve (2), control gases at high pressure flow velocity, progressively by wireway (3), in hydraulic pressure control container (6), load air pressure, cause air pressure in hydraulic pressure control container (6) to increase, the water in hydraulic pressure control container (6) is pressed into water bag (8) by being connected to the aqueduct (7) of hydraulic pressure control container (6) bottom; By barometer (5) reading, control air pressure and control container (1) according to designing gradient progressively to hydraulic pressure control container (6) loading air pressure; Read hydraulic pressure control container (6) water level inside and barometer (5) reader is calculated the interior hydraulic pressure P of water bag (8):
P＝P′+γ(h-H)，
Hydraulic pressure in P------water bag;
P '------barometer reading;
The severe of γ-------water, the i.e. weight of unit bodies ponding;
H------liquid level is to the height at hydraulic pressure control container aqueduct center;
H------water bag center to hydraulic pressure control container lower guide centre of conduit height;
Setting tunneling (10) under fixing hydraulic pressure, until after having excavated; If tunnel in digging process (10) do not cave in, continue to strengthen hydraulic pressure, until tunnel (10) cave in, in pressure process, record (12) displacement of country rock analog material and various parameter, barometer (5) reading when recording tunnel and caving in.
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| CN201410513882.1A CN104215517A (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2014-09-30 | System and method for simulating pressure cavity in tunnel excavating model test |
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| CN201410513882.1A CN104215517A (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2014-09-30 | System and method for simulating pressure cavity in tunnel excavating model test |
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| CN104792966A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-07-22 | 西南交通大学 | Testing device and method for simulating stratum cavities caused by subway shield tunnel construction |
| CN105203703A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2015-12-30 | 西南石油大学 | Karst tunnel laccolite safety thickness determination model and method |
| CN105738213A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-07-06 | 李延 | Liquid type shallow tunnel model test loading device for surrounding rock boundary conditions |
| CN106504630A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-03-15 | 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 | Pass through the tunnel experiment system of karst strata |
| CN106525540A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-03-22 | 山东大学 | Device and method for making novel solution cavity for model test of tunnel and underground engineering |
| CN106568606A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-04-19 | 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 | Tunnel stress experiment method for goaf crossing simulation |
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| CN104792966A (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2015-07-22 | 西南交通大学 | Testing device and method for simulating stratum cavities caused by subway shield tunnel construction |
| CN105203703A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2015-12-30 | 西南石油大学 | Karst tunnel laccolite safety thickness determination model and method |
| CN105738213A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-07-06 | 李延 | Liquid type shallow tunnel model test loading device for surrounding rock boundary conditions |
| CN106568606A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-04-19 | 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 | Tunnel stress experiment method for goaf crossing simulation |
| CN106504630A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-03-15 | 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 | Pass through the tunnel experiment system of karst strata |
| CN106525540A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-03-22 | 山东大学 | Device and method for making novel solution cavity for model test of tunnel and underground engineering |
| CN106525540B (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2019-06-14 | 山东大学 | One kind being used for the novel molten chamber producing device of tunnels and underground engineering model test and method |
| CN107121342A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-09-01 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of interior Water hydraulic static pressure loading device for water tunnel structural model test |
| CN108594878A (en) * | 2018-04-22 | 2018-09-28 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of device accurately controlling shield model test excavation face supporting power |
| CN108594878B (en) * | 2018-04-22 | 2021-06-25 | 北京工业大学 | Device for accurately controlling shield model test excavation face supporting force |
| CN115420464A (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2022-12-02 | 西南交通大学 | Underground engineering fluid pressure simulation system, method and related equipment |
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Application publication date: 20141217 |