CN105527404A - Test system and method for simulating ground loss extension in shield tunnel vertical section - Google Patents
Test system and method for simulating ground loss extension in shield tunnel vertical section Download PDFInfo
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- CN105527404A CN105527404A CN201610043865.5A CN201610043865A CN105527404A CN 105527404 A CN105527404 A CN 105527404A CN 201610043865 A CN201610043865 A CN 201610043865A CN 105527404 A CN105527404 A CN 105527404A
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- polyurethane capsule
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
Abstract
The invention discloses a test system and method for simulating ground loss extension in a shield tunnel vertical section. The system comprises a model test box, a ground loss model, an earth surface load loading device, a transfusion device, an earth center and earth surface displacement measuring device, a soil body displacement path monitoring device; the ground loss model comprises a polyurethane capsule (1); two water conveying ducts are connected on the polyurethane capsule (1); one water conveying duct is used for conveying a water flow into the polyurethane capsule (1), and the other water conveying duct is used for exporting the water flow out of the polyurethane capsule (1); the polyurethane capsule (1) is filled with solid powder capable of being dissolved in water, the solid powder is tightly accumulated in the polyurethane capsule (1) to support the polyurethane capsule (1) to form a ground loss model in an expected shape, the solid powder sodium carbonate capable of being dissolved in water is used to fill the polyurethane capsule, different shapes can be conveniently made, original shapes can be kept unchanged during test, and the method can effectively simulate the ground loss of different shapes and scales.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to underground works experimental technique field, the evolution of Stratum Loss under seepage action of ground water and surface load effect that metro shield tunneling tunnels difformity and the scale caused can be simulated, to cave in for research tunnel vertical section Stratum Loss and the model test of through mechanism provides foundation.
Background technology
At present along with the development of urban construction, traffic above-ground is day by day crowded, and subway effectively can solve congested in traffic problem, and wherein shield method is because having speed of application soon, be widely applied in Urban Metro Construction advantages such as ground environmental impact are little.But shield construction can cause surrounding formations disturbance, construction wrong very easily causes tunnel upper formation damage and then causes the series of problems such as surface subsidence, existing building non-uniform settling, according to ASSOCIATE STATISTICS, because the surface subsidence accident that the Stratum Loss that shield-tunneling construction causes brings out accounts for 60% of shield tunnel construction total number of accident, the surface collapse accident that Stratum Loss brings out can cause serious consequence due to its Unpredictability.Therefore, be necessary the longitudinal stratum caused for shield-tunneling construction be lost in slump under seepage action of ground water and surface load effect and through mechanism and cause the ground settlement problem of subsiding further investigate.
The slump of the Stratum Loss caused for shield-tunneling construction at present and through mechanism and cause the research of earth's surface distortion mainly adopt on-the-spot test method, numerical method and model testing method.Model test is based on similarity theory, because it is less to have moulded dimension, good economy performance, specific aim is comparatively strong, and the advantages such as test data is accurate, are widely used in civil engineering work research field.The Stratum Loss caused at shield-tunneling construction is at present expanded in the model investigation of mechanism, and the main water-filled balloon method and air-bag method and ice bag method of adopting carrys out simulated formation loss.Water-filled balloon method and air-bag method similar, carry out the test soil body fill time imbed water pocket, water pocket connects a conduit, it is external that this conduit extends to chamber, and by Valve controlling water naturally flow out so that formed Stratum Loss.Air-bag method places air bag in advance in test casing, is full of by air bag, then fills in soil body process by tubes connection air pump, and material is filled complete and after compacting, bled off air and namely in the test soil body, form Stratum Loss.Ice bag method is improved on the basis of water-filled balloon method, replaces the water in water-filled balloon method with ice cube, and puts into heating arrangement when ice cube makes and open heating arrangement in process of the test and make ice melting, formation Stratum Loss.
In existing analogue means and method, first two method all adopts fluid to form Stratum Loss, and the shape right for Stratum Loss and size cannot accurately control.And in order to make result have the comparative shape often needing to control Stratum Loss in practical study.4th kind of method overcomes above-mentioned shortcoming, but process medium floe likely melts in the filling soil body.Said method is mainly used in the simulation of tunnel cross section Stratum Loss, and does not consider the impact that seepage flow and ground load etc. act on.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of pilot system and the method for simulating Stratum Loss expansion in shield tunnel vertical section for the deficiencies in the prior art.This system can solve the unmanageable problem of vertical section direction simulated formation loss geomery in existing model test preferably, and effectively can simulate the effect of seepage flow and ground load impact.
In order to achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme:
Simulate a pilot system for the expansion of Stratum Loss in shield tunnel vertical section, comprising: model test box, Stratum Loss model, surface load charger, seepage apparatus, in and surface displacement measurement mechanism, land movement trace monitor device, the inner filling test soil body of model test box, described Stratum Loss model comprises polyurethane capsule (1), the upper connection two water delivery conduits (2) of polyurethane capsule (1), one for conveying current in polyurethane capsule (1), one the current in polyurethane capsule (1) are derived, water-soluble solid state powder is filled with in described polyurethane capsule (1), this solid state powder is tightly packed in described polyurethane capsule (1) props up the Stratum Loss model forming anticipated shape by polyurethane capsule (1), surface load charger comprises modality vibration exciter (3), force transmitting board (4), vibrator reaction beam (5), described force transmitting board (4) is placed on test soil body surface, modality vibration exciter (3) is pressed on force transmitting board (4), modality vibration exciter (3) top is fixed on vibrator reaction beam (5), described Stratum Loss model adopts multiple arc-shaped polyurethane capsule (1) close-packed arrays to be formed together, during test, successively to the water filling of compact arranged arc-shaped polyurethane capsule (1), dissolve described pressed powder and discharged by another root water-supply-pipe, generating longitudinal continuous print Stratum Loss along tunnel.
Described pilot system, described solid state powder adopts powdered sodium carbonate.
Described pilot system, described seepage apparatus comprises the water tank (6) for providing seepage flow water source and controls valve (7) and conduit (8), the depotition cock (9) of current size.
Described pilot system, in described ground and surface displacement measurement mechanism comprise and be positioned over electron displacement meter (11) and the displacement meter fixed cross beam (12) that being used in the test soil body (10) measures displacement and surface displacement in ground.
Described pilot system, described model test box is a rectangular structure, and open top will not be closed, for the filling test soil body, model test box front adopts transparent panel (13), to observe the closed test soil body, other four faces adopt stainless-steel sheet to make; Transparent panel is manufactured with the tunnel model (22) of semi-circular structure, tunnel model (22) and test casing integral production;
Described pilot system, the outside surface of transparent panel (13) is fixed with displacement datum mark (14), is placed with the colored bulb (15) of the low friction resistance for showing soil body mobile route in the test soil body of transparent panel (13) inner side;
Described pilot system, also comprises land movement trace monitor device, and land movement trace monitor device comprises higher frequency camera (16), data line, computing machine (18).
Described pilot system, test inside soil body be provided with acceleration transducer (19), adopt acceleration transducer (19) measure the soil body above Stratum Loss acceleration and by data line by Signal transmissions to computing machine (18).
Carry out the method tested according to arbitrary described pilot system, comprise the following steps: analogue formation chamber, make Stratum Loss model, the filling test soil body install electron displacement meter (11), acceleration transducer (19), place colored bulb (15) in model test box; The test soil body carries out compaction treatment after having filled, and installs modality vibration exciter (3), force transmitting board (4) and vibrator reaction beam (5) and water tank (6), flow cavitation result valve (7), conduit (8) in test soil body surface; The method for making of described Stratum Loss model is: the upper connection two water delivery conduits (2) of a polyurethane capsule (1), one for conveying current in polyurethane capsule (1), one the current in polyurethane capsule (1) are derived, in described polyurethane capsule (1), fill water-soluble solid state powder, this solid state powder is tightly packed in described polyurethane capsule (1) will prop up the Stratum Loss model forming anticipated shape in polyurethane capsule (1); Then generate Stratum Loss: construction simulation tunneling process, successively to the water filling of compact arranged arc-shaped polyurethane capsule (1), dissolve described pressed powder and discharged by another root water-supply-pipe, generating longitudinal continuous print Stratum Loss;
Open water current control valve (7), allows current flow into the test soil body by conduit (8), and opens depotition cock (9), allow current flow out model test box (21); Open modality vibration exciter (3), allow it export required load; And measure soil body acceleration by acceleration transducer (19), and by signal by data line by Signal transmissions to computing machine (18).
Measured by electron displacement meter (11) in process of the test and record displacement in earth's surface and ground, and measure soil body acceleration by acceleration transducer (19), and by signal by data line transfer to computing machine (18), use higher frequency camera (16) to monitor the expansion process of soil body mobile route and Stratum Loss above Stratum Loss simultaneously, be connected to computing machine (18) by data line.
Described method, described Stratum Loss model adopts multiple arc-shaped polyurethane capsule (1) close-packed arrays to be formed together; During test, successively to the water filling of compact arranged arc-shaped polyurethane capsule (1), dissolve described pressed powder and discharged by another root water-supply-pipe, generating longitudinal continuous print Stratum Loss along tunnel.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, native system utilizes water-soluble pressed powder sodium carbonate filled polyurethane capsule, and conveniently can be made into difformity, and can keep existing shape invariance at the trial, the method effectively can simulate the Stratum Loss of difformity and scale.
2, native system adopts the principle of current dissolved solids powder, the speed that controllably layer loss is formed and effectively avoid module limit Analysis of Field Geotechnical Parameters impact and to the perturbed problem that the soil body causes, make experimental enviroment more meet engineering practice.
4, native system can the impact of simulated groundwater seepage flow formation loss, and controls percolation flow velocity by the height of controlling water level.
5, native system is by adding vibrator area load impact in analog on test soil body top.
6, in process of the test by placing unique point in country rock, adopt High frequency photographing measurement principle to measure displacement and the path of tunnel upper country rock, displacement in the ground simultaneously adopting displacement meter to measure in Stratum Loss expansion process.And arrange that acceleration transducer measures the Vibration Condition on stratum in the earth formation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is polyurethane capsule of the present invention and conduit;
Fig. 2 is the front elevation of test unit of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the side view (model test box part carries out cutting along A-A) of test unit of the present invention;
Wherein, 1, polyurethane capsule; 2, water delivery conduit; 3, modality vibration exciter; 4, force transmitting board; 5, vibrator reaction beam; 6, water tank; 7, flow cavitation result valve; 8, conduit; 9, depotition cock; 10, the soil body is tested; 11, electron displacement meter; 12, displacement meter fixed cross beam; 13, transparent panel; 14, displacement datum mark; 15, colored bulb; 16, higher frequency camera; 17, data line; 18, computing machine; 19, acceleration transducer; 20, data line; 21, model test box; 22, tunnel model; 23 electron displacement measurement gauge rods.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, simulate a pilot system for the expansion of Stratum Loss in shield tunnel vertical section, comprising: model test box, Stratum Loss model, surface load charger, seepage apparatus, in and surface displacement measurement mechanism, land movement trace monitor device;
The inner filling test soil body of model test box, described Stratum Loss model comprises a polyurethane capsule 1, polyurethane capsule 1 connects two water delivery conduits 2, one for carrying current in polyurethane capsule 1, one the current in polyurethane capsule 1 are derived, water-soluble solid state powder powdered sodium carbonate is filled with in described polyurethane capsule 1, this solid state powder is tightly packed in described polyurethane capsule 1 will prop up the Stratum Loss model forming anticipated shape in polyurethane capsule 1, surface load charger comprises modality vibration exciter 3, force transmitting board 4, vibrator reaction beam 5, described force transmitting board 4 is placed on test soil body surface, modality vibration exciter 3 is pressed on force transmitting board 4, modality vibration exciter 3 top is fixed on vibrator reaction beam 5.
Described seepage apparatus comprises for providing the water tank 6 at seepage flow water source and controlling valve 7 and conduit 8, the depotition cock 9 of current size.
In described ground and surface displacement measurement mechanism comprise and be positioned over electron displacement meter 11 and the displacement meter fixed cross beam 12 that being used in the test soil body 10 measures displacement and surface displacement in ground.
Described model test box is a rectangular structure, and open top will not be closed, and for the filling test soil body, model test box front adopts transparent panel 13, to observe the closed test soil body, other four faces adopt stainless-steel sheet to make; Transparent panel 13 is manufactured with the tunnel model 22 of semi-circular structure, tunnel model 22 and test casing integral production;
The outside surface of transparent panel 13 is fixed with displacement datum mark 14, is placed with the colored bulb 15 of the low friction resistance for showing soil body mobile route in the test soil body inside transparent panel 13;
Also comprise land movement trace monitor device, comprise higher frequency camera 16, data line, computing machine 18.
Test inside soil body be provided with acceleration transducer 19, adopt acceleration transducer 19 measure the soil body above Stratum Loss acceleration and by data line by Signal transmissions to computing machine 18.
Utilize described difformity Stratum Loss simulation system to carry out vertical section Stratum Loss and expand development under seepage flow and ground load effect, bring out ground settlement model test, concrete implementation step is:
1, analogue formation chamber.Experimental box body is a rectangular structure, open top will not be closed, for filling the experiment soil body and installing other experimental facilitiess, front adopts transparent panel to observe, other four faces adopt stainless-steel sheet to make, tunnel model is a semi-circular structure, with test casing integral production, and on tunnel model, leaves some apertures for discharging dissolved substance.Concrete size experimentally ratio of similitude is determined.
2, Stratum Loss model is made: shape and the size of first determining Stratum Loss, make polyurethane capsule 1, the size and dimension of polyurethane capsule and the shape of each ring Stratum Loss and measure-alike, fill up sodium carbonate and guarantee that sodium carbonate is filled closely knit and taken completely in space in polyurethane capsule, each polyurethane capsule connects two water delivery conduits 2, discharge dissolved substance by aperture reserved on tunnel model for one for water inlet, form monocycle Stratum Loss model for one.By multiple monocycle Stratum Loss models independent of each other longitudinally close arrangement.
3, the filling test soil body 10, and electron displacement meter 11 is installed, acceleration transducer 19, place colored bulb 15.The test soil body carries out compaction treatment after having filled, and installs modality vibration exciter 3, force transmitting board 4 and vibrator reaction beam 5 and water tank 6, flow cavitation result valve 7, conduit 8.
4, generate Stratum Loss: construction simulation tunneling process, successively to water filling in compact arranged circular arc polyurethane capsule 1, dissolve powdered sodium carbonate and discharged by another root water-supply-pipe, generating longitudinal continuous print Stratum Loss.
5, process of the test: open water current control valve 7, allows current flow into the test soil body by conduit 8, and opens depotition cock 9, allow current flow out model test box 21.Open modality vibration exciter 3, allow it export required load (as surface car oscillatory load).And measure soil body acceleration by acceleration transducer 19, and by signal by data line by Signal transmissions to computing machine 18.
6, test figure monitoring: measured by electron displacement meter 11 in process of the test and record displacement in earth's surface and ground, and measure soil body acceleration by acceleration transducer 19, and by signal by data line transfer to computing machine 18, monitor the expansion process of soil body mobile route and Stratum Loss above Stratum Loss simultaneously with higher frequency camera 16, be connected to computing machine 18 by data line.
Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or convert, and all these improve and convert the protection domain that all should belong to claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. simulate the pilot system of Stratum Loss expansion in shield tunnel vertical section for one kind, it is characterized in that, comprising: model test box, Stratum Loss model, surface load charger, seepage apparatus, in and surface displacement measurement mechanism, land movement trace monitor device, the inner filling test soil body of model test box, described Stratum Loss model comprises polyurethane capsule (1), the upper connection two water delivery conduits (2) of polyurethane capsule (1), one for conveying current in polyurethane capsule (1), one the current in polyurethane capsule (1) are derived, water-soluble solid state powder is filled with in described polyurethane capsule (1), this solid state powder is tightly packed in described polyurethane capsule (1) props up the Stratum Loss model forming anticipated shape by polyurethane capsule (1), surface load charger comprises modality vibration exciter (3), force transmitting board (4), vibrator reaction beam (5), described force transmitting board (4) is placed on test soil body surface, modality vibration exciter (3) is pressed on force transmitting board (4), modality vibration exciter (3) top is fixed on vibrator reaction beam (5), described Stratum Loss model adopts multiple arc-shaped polyurethane capsule (1) close-packed arrays to be formed together, during test, successively to the water filling of compact arranged arc-shaped polyurethane capsule (1), dissolve described pressed powder and discharged by another root water-supply-pipe, generating longitudinal continuous print Stratum Loss along tunnel.
2. pilot system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described solid state powder adopts powdered sodium carbonate.
3. pilot system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described seepage apparatus comprises the water tank (6) for providing seepage flow water source and controls valve (7) and conduit (8), the depotition cock (9) of current size.
4. pilot system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described ground and surface displacement measurement mechanism comprise and be positioned over electron displacement meter (11) and the displacement meter fixed cross beam (12) that being used in the test soil body (10) measures displacement and surface displacement in ground.
5. pilot system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described model test box is a rectangular structure, open top will not be closed, for the filling test soil body, model test box front adopts transparent panel (13), to observe the closed test soil body, other four faces adopt stainless-steel sheet to make; Transparent panel is manufactured with the tunnel model (22) of semi-circular structure, tunnel model (22) and test casing integral production.
6. pilot system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the outside surface of transparent panel (13) is fixed with displacement datum mark (14), is placed with the colored bulb (15) of the low friction resistance for showing soil body mobile route in the test soil body of transparent panel (13) inner side.
7. pilot system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises land movement trace monitor device, and land movement trace monitor device comprises higher frequency camera (16), data line, computing machine (18).
8. pilot system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, test inside soil body be provided with acceleration transducer (19), adopt acceleration transducer (19) measure the soil body above Stratum Loss acceleration and by data line by Signal transmissions to computing machine (18).
9. the method tested is carried out according to the arbitrary described pilot system of claim 1-8, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps: analogue formation chamber, make Stratum Loss model, the filling test soil body install electron displacement meter (11), acceleration transducer (19), place colored bulb (15) in model test box; The test soil body carries out compaction treatment after having filled, and installs modality vibration exciter (3), force transmitting board (4) and vibrator reaction beam (5) and water tank (6), flow cavitation result valve (7), conduit (8) in test soil body surface; The method for making of described Stratum Loss model is: the upper connection two water delivery conduits (2) of a polyurethane capsule (1), one for conveying current in polyurethane capsule (1), one the current in polyurethane capsule (1) are derived, in described polyurethane capsule (1), fill water-soluble solid state powder, this solid state powder is tightly packed in described polyurethane capsule (1) will prop up the Stratum Loss model forming anticipated shape in polyurethane capsule (1); Then generate Stratum Loss: construction simulation tunneling process, successively to the water filling of compact arranged arc-shaped polyurethane capsule (1), dissolve described pressed powder and discharged by another root water-supply-pipe, generating longitudinal continuous print Stratum Loss;
Open water current control valve (7), allows current flow into the test soil body by conduit (8), and opens depotition cock (9), allow current flow out model test box (21); Open modality vibration exciter (3), allow it export required load; And measure soil body acceleration by acceleration transducer (19), and by signal by data line by Signal transmissions to computing machine (18);
Measured by electron displacement meter (11) in process of the test and record displacement in earth's surface and ground, and measure soil body acceleration by acceleration transducer (19), and by signal by data line transfer to computing machine (18), use higher frequency camera (16) to monitor the expansion process of soil body mobile route and Stratum Loss above Stratum Loss simultaneously, be connected to computing machine (18) by data line.
10. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Stratum Loss model adopts multiple arc-shaped polyurethane capsule (1) close-packed arrays to be formed together; During test, successively to the water filling of compact arranged arc-shaped polyurethane capsule (1), dissolve described pressed powder and discharged by another root water-supply-pipe, generating longitudinal continuous print Stratum Loss along tunnel.
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| CN106959338A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-07-18 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of dynamic response analogue means of multi-level underground space structure and country rock |
| CN109147541A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-04 | 郑州大学 | Soil body penetration crash simulation device and application method |
| CN111878071A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-11-03 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Formation simulation system and using method thereof |
| CN112485125A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-03-12 | 山东建筑大学 | Tunnel model test device and method capable of controlling soil loss rate |
| CN114295101A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-04-08 | 北京工业大学 | Device and method for continuous test of inducing surface subsidence in shield tunnel excavation |
| CN114414182A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-29 | 浙大城市学院 | Model box test system comprising vibration test and use method thereof |
| CN115032366A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-09-09 | 华北水利水电大学 | Tunnel excavation soil volume loss simulation system and method |
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| CN109147541A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-04 | 郑州大学 | Soil body penetration crash simulation device and application method |
| CN111878071A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-11-03 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Formation simulation system and using method thereof |
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| CN114295101B (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2024-04-19 | 北京工业大学 | Device and method for continuous test of earth surface subsidence induced by shield tunnel excavation |
| CN114414182A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-29 | 浙大城市学院 | Model box test system comprising vibration test and use method thereof |
| CN115032366A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-09-09 | 华北水利水电大学 | Tunnel excavation soil volume loss simulation system and method |
| CN115032366B (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2024-04-16 | 华北水利水电大学 | Tunnel excavation soil volume loss simulation system and method |
| CN117538509B (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-03-12 | 北京交通大学 | Tunnel excavation test device for simulating groundwater seepage in water-rich stratum |
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