CN113063924B - Test device and test method for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a test device and a test method for simulating soil splash erosion under continuous rain intensity transformation, and relates to the technical field of soil and water conservation. It includes a liquid supply mechanism, a rainfall mechanism, a support mechanism and a splash erosion mechanism. Cylinder, translation drive assembly and rain gauge, the raindrop generator includes a tank body and a plurality of needles, the bottom of the tank is provided with a plurality of through holes, the needles are used to install on the through holes, and the multiple needles are divided into various models, different models The inner diameters of the needles are different, and the liquid supply cylinder is provided with a displacement sensor; the liquid supply mechanism includes a water tank, a water stop clip, a hose and a flow controller, and the displacement sensor is signally connected to the flow controller; the splash corrosion mechanism is located below the support plate, The sputtering mechanism includes a bracket, a movable groove, an angle adjustment assembly, a conveying assembly, a sputtering plate and a sputtering ring knife. The test device and the test method are capable of performing a soil splash erosion test in which the rainfall intensity is continuously changed, with simple operation and wide application range.

Description

A test device and test method for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil and water conservation, in particular to a test device and a test method for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion.

Background technique

Soil erosion is one of the global problems that limit the survival and development of human beings today. It will not only lead to the loss of soil resources and the decline of land productivity, thereby affecting agricultural production. Pollution. Soil erosion seriously affects the sustainable development of global society, economy and environment. my country is one of the countries with the most serious soil erosion in the world. The erosion is extensive, intensive and harmful. Therefore, research on soil erosion is crucial.

Hydraulic erosion is the most widespread form of soil erosion worldwide. Splash erosion is the initial form of hydraulic erosion, which refers to an erosion process in which soil particles are dispersed and migrated due to rainfall and raindrops hitting the soil surface. Base.

At present, the research on soil splash erosion is mainly carried out quantitatively with the help of related equipment under simulated rainfall or natural rainfall conditions. However, the existing artificial rainfall simulation system cannot simulate the raindrop hitting the surface well due to its limitations. Although the new needle rainfall system can better restore the process of raindrops hitting the surface and can simulate the splash erosion process of different rainfall intensities and diameters of raindrops, it is mostly used for research under the condition of single rainfall intensity and cannot explore the state of natural rainfall. Influence process of raindrop size change on surface soil splash erosion during continuous rainfall.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a test device and a test method for simulating soil splash erosion with continuous rain intensity change, which can carry out soil splash erosion test with continuous change of rainfall intensity, simple operation and wide application range.

For achieving the above object, the present invention provides the following scheme:

The invention provides a test device for simulating soil splash erosion under continuous rain intensity transformation, comprising a liquid supply mechanism, a rainfall mechanism, a support mechanism and a splash erosion mechanism, wherein the support mechanism includes a support frame and a support plate arranged above the support frame , the middle part of the support plate is provided with an opening, the rainfall mechanism includes a raindrop generator, a liquid supply cylinder, a translation drive assembly and a rain gauge cylinder, the raindrop generator includes a groove body and a plurality of needles, and the groove body is provided in the On the support plate and corresponding to the position of the opening, a plurality of through holes are arranged at the bottom of the tank body, and the needle head is used to be installed on the through hole, and the needle head is located under the tank body, and there are many The needles are divided into various types, the inner diameters of the needles of different types are different, the liquid supply cylinder is of an open bottom structure, and the lower end of the liquid supply cylinder is in contact with the upper surface of the bottom of the tank body , the translation drive mechanism is used to drive the liquid supply cylinder to move along the length direction in the tank body, and the liquid supply cylinder is provided with a displacement sensor; the liquid supply mechanism includes a water tank, a water stop clip, a hose and a flow controller, the water tank is arranged above the tank body, the water tank is connected to the upper end of the liquid supply cylinder through the hose, and the water stop clip and the flow controller are both arranged on the soft On the pipe, the displacement sensor is signally connected to the flow controller; the sputtering mechanism is located below the support plate, and the sputtering mechanism includes a bracket, a movable groove, an angle adjustment assembly, a transmission assembly, and a sputtering plate and a sputtering ring knife, one side of the movable groove is rotatably connected with the bracket, the angle adjustment assembly is used to adjust the inclination angle of the movable groove, the transmission assembly is installed in the movable groove, the sputtering An etching plate is installed on the conveying assembly, the sputtering ring knife is used to be placed in the sputtering plate, and a plurality of drainage holes are arranged at the bottom of the sputtering plate.

Preferably, the rainfall mechanism further includes two limit ropes, two ends of the limit rope are respectively connected with the left and right ends of the tank body, and two strips are symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the liquid supply cylinder. One of the limit ropes is installed in one of the strip-shaped card slots, and the lower end of the liquid supply cylinder is wrapped with rubber.

Preferably, the translation drive assembly includes two drive motors and two connecting ropes, the two drive motors are respectively fixed on the left and right ends of the support plate, and one is fixed on the left and right sides of the liquid supply cylinder respectively For the connecting rope, one of the connecting ropes is wound on the output shaft of one of the driving motors.

Preferably, the support frame includes four adjustable legs, the adjustable legs include a plurality of sleeves, the locking screws and a plurality of telescopic tubes connected in sequence from top to bottom, the telescopic tube at the uppermost end The tube is fixed under the support plate, the lower end of each telescopic tube is provided with a sleeve, the lower telescopic tube is sleeved in the adjacent upper telescopic tube, and the lower end of each sleeve is provided with a sleeve. One of the locking screws is installed on the side wall.

Preferably, the angle adjustment assembly includes a jack, a column, a tray, a sliding block and a sliding rail, the sliding rail is fixed on the lower surface of the bottom of the movable groove along the length direction, and the sliding block is slidably installed on the sliding rail On the top, the tray is fixed on the lower part of the bracket, the jack is installed in the tray, the jack is provided with the column, the upper end of the column is hinged with the slider, and the bottom of the bracket is provided with multiple a pulley.

Preferably, the sputtering mechanism further comprises an angle plate, a pointer and two support blocks, a connecting rod is respectively fixed at the front and rear ends of one side of the movable groove, and the two support blocks are respectively fixed to one of the brackets. At the front and rear ends of the side, one of the connecting rods is rotatably installed in one of the support blocks, the angle plate is fixed on one of the support blocks, and the pointer is fixed on the outer circular surface of one of the connecting rods , and the pointer extends along the radial direction of the outer end circular surface of the connecting rod, and the pointer corresponds to the position of the angle disc.

Preferably, the conveying assembly includes a conveying motor, a conveying belt, a chain, a first gear, a second gear, a driving shaft and a driven shaft, and the driving shaft and the driven shaft are respectively rotatably mounted on the left and right sides of the movable slot. At both ends, the conveyor belt is wound around the driving shaft and the driven shaft, the transmission motor is installed on one end of the movable slot, and the first gear is fixed on the output shaft of the transmission motor. The second gear is fixed on the drive shaft, and the chain is wound around the first gear and the second gear.

Preferably, a fixing frame is arranged on the conveyor belt, the sputtering plate is arranged on the fixing frame, and a ring-knife fixing buckle is arranged in the sputtering plate, and the ring-knife fixing buckle is used for installing the The Sputtering Ring Knife.

The present invention also provides a test method based on a test device for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion, comprising the following steps:

Step 1. Fill the air-dried and sieved soil sample into the sputtering ring knife, calculate the filling amount according to the bulk density, and then spray water to moisten the soil, so that the soil reaches the corresponding water content;

Step 2: Install the needles of different types on the plurality of through holes in sequence along the length of the tank body according to the test requirements, open the water stop clip, and allow water to flow through the hose from the hose. The flow controller flows to the liquid supply cylinder, and the displacement sensor is used to measure the distance between the liquid supply cylinder and the initial position of one end of the tank body. The inner diameter and quantity are calculated, and the flow corresponding to different displacements can be set in advance according to the calculation results. The displacement sensor is fed back to the flow controller for flow adjustment, so that the water level in the liquid supply cylinder meets the test requirements and remains unchanged. ;

Step 3. Place the rain gauge directly below the initial position of the tank body, measure the rainfall and rainfall intensity at the initial position for many times and calculate the actual average value of the rainfall and rainfall intensity, and at the same time calculate the uniform rainfall. It can be compared with the design values of rainfall and rainfall intensity. If the actual average value of rainfall and rainfall intensity is different from the design value of rainfall and rainfall intensity, the flow controller can be adjusted to make the difference between rainfall and rainfall intensity. The actual average value is consistent with the design value of rainfall amount and rainfall intensity, and the rainfall uniformity is guaranteed to reach 85%;

Step 4. Adjust the inclination angle of the movable groove through the angle adjustment component;

Step 5: Adjust the liquid supply cylinder to the initial position through the translation drive assembly, plug the drain hole on the splash plate with a plug, and place the splash ring knife with the soil sample on it. into the sputtering tray, cover the sputtering tray with a cover, and then install the sputtering tray on the conveying assembly so that the sputtering tray is located directly under the liquid supply cylinder, By adjusting the translational drive assembly and the conveying assembly, the liquid supply cylinder and the sputtering plate are kept in a position corresponding to the vertical direction when moving;

Step 6: Open the translation drive assembly and the transmission assembly, pick up the cover at the same time, and start timing, so that the liquid supply cylinder and the splash plate move synchronously;

Step 7. When the time is up, the splash plate moves to the end point, remove the splash plate from the conveying assembly in time, close the translation drive assembly and the conveying assembly, and close the water stop folder;

Step 8. Remove the splash erosion plate from the conveying assembly, then remove the sputter erosion ring knife and the plug, collect the soil particles from the splash erosion through the drainage holes, and weigh them after drying. Heavy, wet sieving and nutrient experiments to obtain indicators of splash erosion and soil aggregates and nutrients.

The present invention has achieved the following technical effects with respect to the prior art:

The invention provides a test device and a test method for simulating soil splash erosion with continuous rain intensity transformation. The raindrop generator includes a tank body and a plurality of needles. The plurality of needles are divided into various types. The inner diameters of the needles of different types are different. Different types of needles are installed on a plurality of through holes in sequence along the length of the tank, so that the rainfall and rainfall intensity change continuously when the liquid supply cylinder moves along the length. The liquid supply cylinder and the splash erosion plate are kept in the vertical direction during movement, and the soil splash erosion test with continuous change of rainfall intensity can be carried out, which solves the problem that the existing soil splash erosion device can only carry out the single rain strong splash erosion test. question. At the same time, the inclination angle of the movable trough can be adjusted, which can simulate the soil splash erosion process under various slopes, rainfall time and rainfall intensity. It has simple operation, wide application range and can better reproduce the characteristics of raindrops in actual rainfall. The advantages.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. In the embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.

Fig. 1 is the front view of the test device of the simulation continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion provided by the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a test device for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion provided by the present invention;

3 is a top view of the rainfall mechanism and the support mechanism in the test device for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion provided by the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the top view of the splash erosion mechanism in the test device for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion provided by the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the front view when the movable groove is horizontal in the test device for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion provided by the present invention;

6 is a schematic structural diagram of an angle plate and a pointer in the experimental device for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion provided by the present invention.

Description of reference numerals: 100. Test device for simulating soil splash erosion with continuous rain intensity change; 1. Liquid supply mechanism; 11. Water tank; 12. Water stop clip; 13. Flow controller; 14. Hose; 2. Rainfall mechanism ; 21, tank body; 22, liquid supply cylinder; 23, drive motor; 24, connecting rope; 25, limit rope; 26, through hole; 3, support mechanism; 31, support plate; 32, telescopic tube; 33, Sleeve; 4. Sputtering mechanism; 41, Bracket; 42, Active slot; 43, Conveyor belt; 44, Driving shaft; 45, Driven shaft; 46, Chain; 47, Conveying motor; 48, Angle plate; 49, Tray ;410, jack; 411, column; 412, slider; 413, pulley; 414, splash plate; 415, fixed frame; 416, pointer; 417, first gear; 418, second gear; 419, support block; 420. A connecting rod.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a test device and test method for simulating soil splash erosion with continuous rain intensity change, which can carry out soil splash erosion test with continuous rain intensity change, simple operation and wide application range.

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 , this implementation provides a test device 100 for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion, including a liquid supply mechanism 1, a rainfall mechanism 2, a support mechanism 3 and a splash erosion mechanism 4. The support mechanism 3 includes The support frame and the support plate 31 arranged above the support frame, the middle of the support plate 31 is provided with an opening, the rainfall mechanism 2 includes a raindrop generator, a liquid supply cylinder 22, a translation drive assembly and a rain gauge, and the raindrop generator includes a tank body 21 and a plurality of The groove body 21 is arranged on the support plate 31 and corresponds to the opening position. The bottom of the groove body 21 is provided with a plurality of through holes 26. The needle heads are used to be installed on the through holes 26, and the needle heads are located under the groove body 21. The needles are divided into various types. Different types of needles have different inner diameters. When the inner diameter of the needle is larger, the rainfall and rainfall intensity are larger, and when the inner diameter of the needle is smaller, the rainfall and rainfall intensity are smaller. Specifically, the groove body 21 is Long strip, by arranging different types of needles in sequence below the tank body 21 along the length direction, the diameter change of raindrops can be simulated. From big to small, or from small to big, or from big to small and then big, or from small to big and then small, etc. The liquid supply cylinder 22 has an open bottom structure, the lower end of the liquid supply cylinder 22 is in contact with the upper surface of the bottom of the tank body 21, and the translational drive mechanism is used to drive the liquid supply cylinder 22 to move along the length direction in the tank body 21 to supply liquid. The cylinder 22 is provided with a displacement sensor. In this embodiment, one end of the tank body 21 is the initial position of the test, and the displacement sensor is used to measure the distance between the liquid supply cylinder 22 and the initial position.

The liquid supply mechanism 1 includes a water tank 11, a water stop clip 12, a hose 14 and a flow controller 13. The water tank 11 is arranged above the tank body 21, and the water tank 11 is connected to the upper end of the liquid supply cylinder 22 through the hose 14, so that water can flow directly into it In the liquid supply cylinder 22, the water stop clip 12 and the flow controller 13 are both disposed on the hose 14, and the hose 14 in this embodiment is a rubber hose. The displacement sensor is connected with the signal of the flow controller 13. While ensuring that the rainfall meets the requirements, it is necessary to ensure that the water level in the liquid supply cylinder 22 meets the test requirements and remains unchanged. Because the rainfall corresponding to the distance between the liquid supply cylinder 22 and the initial position can be The calculation is performed according to the parameters of the needle at this location. Therefore, the rainfall at the displacement L corresponds to the distance value measured by the displacement sensor. At the same time, in order to maintain the water level unchanged, the required flow rate is larger when the rainfall is larger, and the rainfall When the flow rate is smaller, the required flow rate is smaller. It can be seen that the rainfall at the displacement L has a corresponding relationship with the flow rate controlled by the flow controller 13. Therefore, the displacement sensor feeds back the measured distance value to the flow controller 13 for flow adjustment. The water level in the liquid supply cylinder 22 remains unchanged. The sputtering mechanism 4 is located below the support plate 31. The sputtering mechanism 4 includes a bracket 41, a movable groove 42, an angle adjustment assembly, a transmission assembly, a sputtering plate 414 and a sputtering ring knife. One side of the movable groove 42 is rotatably connected to the bracket 41. , the angle adjustment assembly is used to adjust the inclination angle of the movable groove 42, a transmission assembly is installed in the movable groove 42, the sputtering plate 414 is installed on the conveying assembly, and the sputtering ring knife is used to put it into the sputtering plate 414. The bottom of 414 is provided with a plurality of drainage holes.

As shown in FIG. 3 , in order to keep the liquid supply cylinder 22 moving relative to the tank body 21 stably, the rainfall mechanism 2 further includes two limit ropes 25 . Connecting, the front and rear sides of the liquid supply cylinder 22 are symmetrically provided with two strip-shaped clamping grooves, and a limit rope 25 is installed in one strip-shaped clamping groove to limit the position of the liquid supply cylinder 22 in the vertical direction. guide in the direction. The lower end of the liquid supply cylinder 22 is wrapped with rubber, and the wrapped rubber can prevent water from leaking from the side of the lower end of the liquid supply cylinder 22 to ensure the accuracy of the test.

The translational drive assembly includes two drive motors 23 and two connection ropes 24. The two drive motors 23 are respectively fixed to the left and right ends of the support plate 31, and the left and right sides of the liquid supply cylinder 22 are respectively fixed with a connection rope 24, a connection The rope 24 is wound around the output shaft of a drive motor 23 . When it is necessary to drive the liquid supply cylinder 22 to move, the two driving motors 23 can be turned on. Specifically, when the liquid supply cylinder 22 needs to be moved from the left end to the right end, the driving motor 23 at the right end retracts the connecting rope 24, and the motor at the left end releases the connection On the other hand, the drive motor 23 at the left end retracts the connecting rope 24, and the motor at the right end releases the connecting rope 24. In this specific embodiment, the limiting rope 25 and the connecting rope 24 are both steel ropes.

The support frame includes four adjustable legs, and the adjustable legs include a plurality of sleeves 33, locking screws and a plurality of telescopic tubes 32 connected in sequence from top to bottom. The uppermost telescopic tube 32 is fixed under the support plate 31, The lower end of each telescopic tube 32 is provided with a sleeve 33, the lower telescopic tube 32 is sleeved in the adjacent upper telescopic tube 32, and a locking screw is installed on the side wall of the lower end of each sleeve 33, which is locked in a normal state. The tightening screw is pressed against the outer wall of the telescopic tube 32 below it. When the height of the adjustable outrigger needs to be adjusted, the locking screw is turned outward, and the position of the telescopic tube 32 below is adjusted and then the locking screw is tightened. In this way, the adjustment of the distance between the rain mechanism 2 and the sputtering mechanism 4 is achieved. In this specific embodiment, two telescopic tubes 32 are provided.

The support plate 31 includes two steel bars that are parallel to each other and two steel plates that are parallel to each other. The two ends of the steel bars are respectively connected to the two steel plates. The two driving motors 23 are respectively installed on the two steel plates, and the steel plates are provided with screw holes. , used to fix the drive motor 23 .

The angle adjustment assembly includes a jack 410, a column 411, a tray 49, a slider 412 and a slide rail. The slide rail is fixed on the lower surface of the bottom of the movable groove 42 along the length direction. The slide block 412 is slidably installed on the slide rail, and the tray 49 is fixed on the bracket In the lower part of 41 , the jack 410 is installed in the tray 49 , the jack 410 is provided with a column 411 , and the upper end of the column 411 is hinged with the slider 412 . As shown in FIG. 5 , by adjusting the jack 410 , the movable groove 42 can be in a horizontal state. In order to facilitate movement, a plurality of pulleys 413 are provided at the bottom of the bracket 41 .

As shown in FIG. 6 , the sputtering mechanism 4 also includes an angle plate 48, a pointer 416 and two support blocks 419. A connecting rod 420 is fixed at the front and rear ends of one side of the movable groove 42 respectively. The connecting rod 420 is a cylindrical rod. Each support block 419 is respectively fixed on the front and rear ends of one side of the bracket 41 , a connecting rod 420 is rotatably installed in one support block 419 , the angle plate 48 is fixed on one support block 419 , and the pointer 416 is fixed on the outside of a connecting rod 420 . On the end circular surface, the pointer 416 extends along the radial direction of the outer end circular surface of the connecting rod 420 , and the pointer 416 corresponds to the position of the angle disc 48 . The angle disc 48 is fixed, and the pointer 416 rotates following the movable slot 42 , so that the inclination angle of the movable slot 42 can be read.

The transmission assembly includes a transmission motor 47 , a conveyor belt 43 , a chain 46 , a first gear 417 , a second gear 418 , a driving shaft 44 and a driven shaft 45 . The conveyor belt 43 is wound around the driving shaft 44 and the driven shaft 45, the transmission motor 47 is installed on one end of the movable slot 42, the first gear 417 is fixed on the output shaft of the transmission motor 47, and the second gear 418 is fixed on the driving shaft 44 On the upper side, the chain 46 is wound around the first gear 417 and the second gear 418 . During operation, the conveying motor 47 drives the driving shaft 44 to move through the first gear 417 , the chain 46 and the second gear 418 , and then drives the conveying belt 43 to move, so as to realize the movement of the sputtering plate 414 installed on the conveying belt 43 .

As shown in FIG. 4 , the conveyor belt 43 is provided with a fixing frame 415, the sputtering plate 414 is arranged on the fixing frame 415, and the sputtering plate 414 is provided with a ring-knife fixing buckle, and the ring-knife fixing buckle is used to install the sputtering ring Knife. In this embodiment, the diameter of the sputtering ring knife is 10 cm.

In this embodiment, a controller can also be provided, and the displacement sensor, the flow controller 13, the jack 410, the driving motor 23 and the conveying motor 47 are all connected to the controller, and the opening and closing of the driving motor 23 and the conveying motor 47 are controlled by the controller. and speed.

This embodiment also provides a test method based on the test device 100 for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion, comprising the following steps:

Step 1. Fill the air-dried and sieved soil sample into the splash erosion ring knife, calculate the filling amount according to the bulk density, and then spray water to moisten the soil to make the soil reach the corresponding water content;

Step 2: Install different types of needles on the plurality of through holes 26 in turn along the length of the tank body 21 according to the test requirements, open the water stop clip 12, and make the water flow through the flow controller 13 from the hose 14 and then flow to the liquid supply. Cylinder 22, the displacement sensor is used to measure the distance between the liquid supply cylinder 22 and the initial position of one end of the tank body 21, the distance between the liquid supply cylinder 22 and the initial position is L, and the rainfall when the displacement is L can be determined according to the needle. The inner diameter and quantity are calculated, and the flow corresponding to different displacements can be set in advance according to the calculation results, and the displacement sensor is fed back to the flow controller 13 for flow adjustment, so that the water level in the liquid supply cylinder 22 meets the test requirements and remains unchanged; specifically, In this embodiment, the needles are divided into multiple groups along the length direction, and each group includes a plurality of needles with the same inner diameter arranged in sequence along the width direction. The distance in the width direction is 2cm;

Step 3. Place the rain gauge directly below the initial position of the tank body 21, measure the rainfall and rainfall intensity at the initial position for many times, and calculate the actual average value of the rainfall and rainfall intensity. At the same time, the rainfall uniformity can be calculated. Compared with the design values of rainfall and rainfall intensity, if the actual average values of rainfall and rainfall intensity are different from the design values of rainfall and rainfall intensity, adjust the flow controller 13 to make the actual average values of rainfall and rainfall intensity equal to The design values of rainfall and rainfall intensity are consistent, and the rainfall uniformity is guaranteed to reach 85%;

Step 4. Adjust the inclination angle of the movable groove 42 through the angle adjustment assembly, specifically, the jack 410 drives the upright column 411 to move up and down, and the slider 412 slides on the slide rail, thereby adjusting the inclination angle of the movable groove 42;

Step 5: Adjust the liquid supply cylinder 22 to the initial position through the translation drive assembly, and plug the drainage holes on the splash plate 414 with a plug. The plug in this embodiment is a foam plug, and the splash ring containing the soil sample The knife is put into the ring-knife fixing buckle of the sputtering plate 414, and the sputtering plate 414 is covered with a cover, and then the sputtering plate 414 is installed on the fixing frame 415, and the sputtering plate 414 is located in the positive direction of the liquid supply cylinder 22. Below, by adjusting the translational drive assembly and the transfer assembly, the liquid supply cylinder 22 and the sputtering plate 414 are kept in a vertical position corresponding to the movement. The barrel 22 and the sputter plate 414 are kept in a vertical position corresponding to the movement;

Step 6: Open the translation drive assembly and the transmission assembly, namely open the drive motor 23 and the transmission motor 47, pick up the cover and start timing, so that the liquid supply cylinder 22 and the splash plate 414 move synchronously;

Step 7. When the timing time is up, the sputtering plate 414 moves to the end point, and the sputtering plate 414 is removed from the fixing frame 415 in time, and the translation drive assembly and the transmission assembly are closed, that is, the drive motor 23 and the transmission motor 47 are closed, and the stop is closed. water clip 12;

Step 8. Remove the splash plate 414 from the fixing frame 415, then remove the splash ring knife and the plug, and collect the soil particles from the splash through the drainage holes. After drying and weighing, wet sieving and nutrient experiments, the indicators of the amount of splash erosion and soil aggregates and nutrients were obtained, and the influence characteristics of continuous rainfall changes on the process of soil splash erosion were explored.

It can be seen that the soil splash erosion test in which the rainfall intensity is continuously changed can be performed in this embodiment, which solves the problem that the existing soil splash erosion device can only perform a single rain strong splash erosion test. At the same time, the inclination angle of the movable trough 42 can be adjusted, and the rainfall height can be adjusted. It can also simulate the soil splash erosion process under various slopes, rainfall time and rainfall intensity. It has the advantages of simple operation, wide application range and better reproduction of actual conditions Advantages of various properties of raindrops in rainfall.

In this specification, specific examples are used to illustrate the principles and implementations of the present invention, and the descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the method and the core idea of the present invention; There will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope of the idea of the invention. In conclusion, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a test device for simulating continuous rain intensity conversion soil splash erosion, is characterized in that, comprises liquid supply mechanism, rainfall mechanism, support mechanism and splash erosion mechanism, and described support mechanism comprises support frame and is arranged on the top of described support frame The support plate is provided with an opening in the middle of the support plate, the rainfall mechanism includes a raindrop generator, a liquid supply cylinder, a translation drive assembly and a rain gauge, the raindrop generator includes a groove body and a plurality of needles, the groove body It is arranged on the support plate and corresponds to the opening position, the bottom of the tank body is provided with a plurality of through holes, the needle head is used to be installed on the through holes, and the needle head is located in the groove body Below, a plurality of the needles are divided into various types, and the inner diameters of the different types of the needles are different. According to the test requirements, the different types of the needles are sequentially installed in the plurality of the through holes along the length direction of the tank body. upper; the liquid supply cylinder is of an open bottom structure, the lower end of the liquid supply cylinder is in contact with the upper surface of the bottom of the tank body, and the translation drive assembly is used to drive the liquid supply cylinder in the tank The body moves along the length direction, and the liquid supply cylinder is provided with a displacement sensor; the liquid supply mechanism includes a water tank, a water stop clip, a hose and a flow controller, the water tank is arranged above the tank body, and the The water tank is connected to the upper end of the liquid supply cylinder through the hose, the water stop clip and the flow controller are both arranged on the hose, and the displacement sensor is signally connected to the flow controller; the The sputtering mechanism is located below the support plate, and the sputtering mechanism includes a bracket, a movable groove, an angle adjustment assembly, a transmission assembly, a sputtering plate and a sputtering ring knife, and one side of the movable groove is rotatably connected to the bracket , the angle adjustment assembly is used to adjust the inclination angle of the movable groove, the transmission assembly is installed in the movable groove, the sputtering plate is installed on the conveying assembly, and the sputtering ring knife is used for Put it into the sputtering plate, and the bottom of the sputtering plate is provided with a plurality of drainage holes. 2 . The test device for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion according to claim 1 , wherein the rainfall mechanism further comprises two limit ropes, the two ends of the limit ropes are respectively connected to the grooves. 3 . The left and right ends of the body are connected, the front and rear sides of the liquid supply cylinder are symmetrically provided with two strip-shaped clamping grooves, one of the limit ropes is installed in one of the strip-shaped clamping grooves, and the lower end of the liquid supply cylinder is wrapped There is rubber. 3. The test device for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described translational drive assembly comprises two drive motors and two connecting ropes, and two described drive motors are respectively fixed on The left and right ends of the support plate and the left and right sides of the liquid supply cylinder are respectively fixed with one of the connecting ropes, and one of the connecting ropes is wound on the output shaft of one of the driving motors. 4. The test device for simulating continuous rain intensity conversion soil splash erosion according to claim 1, wherein the support frame comprises four adjustable outriggers, and the adjustable outriggers comprise a plurality of sleeves, locks tightening screws and a plurality of telescopic tubes connected in sequence from top to bottom, the telescopic tube at the uppermost end is fixed under the support plate, the lower end of each telescopic tube is provided with a sleeve, and the telescopic tube below is sleeved One of the locking screws is installed on the side wall of the lower end of each of the sleeves in the adjacent telescopic tubes. 5. The test device for simulating continuous rain intensity conversion soil splash erosion according to claim 1, wherein the angle adjustment assembly comprises a jack, a column, a tray, a slider and a sliding rail, and the sliding rail is along the length direction Fixed on the lower surface of the bottom of the movable groove, the slider is slidably installed on the slide rail, the tray is fixed on the lower part of the bracket, the jack is installed in the tray, and the jack is provided with a For the upright column, the upper end of the upright column is hinged with the slider, and the bottom of the bracket is provided with a plurality of pulleys. 6. The test device for simulating continuous rain intensity conversion soil splash erosion according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described splash erosion mechanism also comprises angle plate, pointer and two support blocks, the front and rear of one side of described movable groove A connecting rod is fixed at the two ends respectively, and the two supporting blocks are respectively fixed on the front and rear ends of one side of the bracket. On the support block, the pointer is fixed on the outer end circular surface of one of the connecting rods, and the pointer is extended along the radial direction of the outer end circular surface of the connecting rod, and the pointer and the angle corresponding to the position of the disk. 7. The test device for simulating continuous rain intensity conversion soil splash erosion according to claim 1, wherein the conveying assembly comprises a conveying motor, a conveying belt, a chain, a first gear, a second gear, a driving shaft and a driven The driving shaft and the driven shaft are respectively rotatably installed on the left and right ends of the movable slot, the conveyor belt is wound around the driving shaft and the driven shaft, and the transmission motor is installed on the At one end of the movable slot, the first gear is fixed on the output shaft of the transmission motor, the second gear is fixed on the driving shaft, and the chain is wound around the first gear and the second gear on the gears. 8 . The test device for simulating soil splash erosion with continuous rain intensity transformation according to claim 7 , wherein a fixing frame is arranged on the conveyor belt, and the splash erosion plate is arranged on the fixing frame. 8 . A ring knife fixing buckle is arranged in the etching plate, and the ring knife fixing buckle is used for installing the sputtering ring knife. 9. a kind of test method based on the test device of simulation continuous rain intensity conversion soil splash erosion as described in any one of claim 1-8, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: Step 1. Fill the air-dried and sieved soil sample into the sputtering ring knife, calculate the filling amount according to the bulk density, and then spray water to moisten the soil, so that the soil reaches the corresponding water content; Step 2: Install the needles of different types on the plurality of through holes in sequence along the length of the tank body according to the test requirements, open the water stop clip, and allow water to flow through the hose from the hose. The flow controller flows to the liquid supply cylinder, and the displacement sensor is used to measure the distance between the liquid supply cylinder and the initial position of one end of the tank body. The inner diameter and quantity are calculated, and the flow corresponding to different displacements can be set in advance according to the calculation results. The displacement sensor is fed back to the flow controller for flow adjustment, so that the water level in the liquid supply cylinder meets the test requirements and remains unchanged. ; Step 3. Place the rain gauge directly below the initial position of the tank body, measure the rainfall and rainfall intensity at the initial position for many times and calculate the actual average value of the rainfall and rainfall intensity, and at the same time calculate the uniform rainfall. It can be compared with the design values of rainfall and rainfall intensity. If the actual average value of rainfall and rainfall intensity is different from the design value of rainfall and rainfall intensity, the flow controller can be adjusted to make the difference between rainfall and rainfall intensity. The actual average value is consistent with the design value of rainfall amount and rainfall intensity, and the rainfall uniformity is guaranteed to reach 85%; Step 4. Adjust the inclination angle of the movable groove through the angle adjustment component; Step 5: Adjust the liquid supply cylinder to the initial position through the translation drive assembly, plug the drain hole on the splash plate with a plug, and place the splash ring knife with the soil sample on it. into the sputtering tray, cover the sputtering tray with a cover, and then install the sputtering tray on the conveying assembly so that the sputtering tray is located directly under the liquid supply cylinder, By adjusting the translational drive assembly and the conveying assembly, the liquid supply cylinder and the sputtering plate are kept in a position corresponding to the vertical direction when moving; Step 6: Open the translation drive assembly and the transmission assembly, pick up the cover at the same time, and start timing, so that the liquid supply cylinder and the splash plate move synchronously; Step 7. When the time is up, the splash plate moves to the end point, remove the splash plate from the conveying assembly in time, close the translation drive assembly and the conveying assembly, and close the water stop folder; Step 8. Remove the splash erosion plate from the conveying assembly, then remove the sputter erosion ring knife and the plug, collect the soil particles from the splash erosion through the drainage holes, and weigh them after drying. Heavy, wet sieving and nutrient experiments to obtain indicators of splash erosion and soil aggregates and nutrients.

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