CN113063924A - Test device and test method for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion - Google Patents
Test device and test method for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion Download PDFInfo
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- CN113063924A CN113063924A CN202110301204.9A CN202110301204A CN113063924A CN 113063924 A CN113063924 A CN 113063924A CN 202110301204 A CN202110301204 A CN 202110301204A CN 113063924 A CN113063924 A CN 113063924A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device and a test method for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion, which relate to the technical field of water and soil conservation and comprise a liquid supply mechanism, a rainfall mechanism, a supporting mechanism and a splash erosion mechanism, wherein the rainfall mechanism comprises a raindrop generator, a liquid supply cylinder, a translation driving assembly and a rain measuring cylinder; the liquid supply mechanism comprises a water tank, a water stop clamp, a hose and a flow controller, and the displacement sensor is in signal connection with the flow controller; the sputtering mechanism is positioned below the supporting plate and comprises a bracket, a movable groove, an angle adjusting assembly, a conveying assembly, a sputtering disc and a sputtering cutting ring. The test device and the test method can be used for carrying out the soil splash test with continuously changing rainfall intensity, and are simple to operate and wide in application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water and soil conservation, in particular to a test device and a test method for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil erosion.
Background
Soil erosion is one of global problems limiting the survival and development of human beings at present, not only can cause the loss of soil resources and the reduction of land productivity to influence agricultural production, but also silt generated by erosion can cause the siltation of ponds and reservoirs and the non-point source pollution of water bodies. Soil erosion seriously affects the sustainable development of global social economy and environment. China is one of the most serious countries in the world with soil erosion, and the soil erosion area is wide, the intensity is large and the harm is serious. Therefore, it is important to study soil erosion.
Hydraulic erosion is one form of soil erosion that is most widely distributed throughout the world. The splash erosion is the initial form of hydraulic erosion, refers to an erosion process of soil particle dispersion and migration caused by raindrops striking the soil surface layer, is an early stage and a key link of the soil erosion process, and provides a rich material foundation for slope soil erosion.
At present, the research on soil splash is mainly quantitative research under the conditions of simulated rainfall or natural rainfall by means of related equipment. However, the existing artificial rainfall simulation system cannot well simulate the process of raindrops hitting the ground surface due to the limitation of the system. Although the novel needle type rainfall system can better reduce the process of raindrops striking the ground surface and can simulate the splash erosion process of different rainfall intensities and different raindrop diameters, the novel needle type rainfall system is mainly used for research under the condition of single rainfall intensity and cannot explore the influence process of raindrop size change on the ground surface soil splash erosion in the continuous rainfall process under the natural rainfall state.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a test device and a test method for simulating continuous rainfall intensity conversion soil splash corrosion, which can perform a soil splash corrosion test with continuous rainfall intensity conversion, and have the advantages of simple operation and wide application range.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a test device for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion, which comprises a liquid supply mechanism, a rainfall mechanism, a supporting mechanism and a splash erosion mechanism, wherein the supporting mechanism comprises a supporting frame and a supporting plate arranged above the supporting frame, the middle part of the supporting plate is provided with an opening, the rainfall mechanism comprises a raindrop generator, a liquid supply cylinder, a translation driving assembly and a rainmeasuring cylinder, the raindrop generator comprises a groove body and a plurality of needles, the groove body is arranged on the supporting plate and corresponds to the opening, the bottom of the groove body is provided with a plurality of through holes, the needles are used for being arranged on the through holes and are positioned below the groove body, the needles are divided into a plurality of models, the inner diameters of the needles in different models are different, the liquid supply cylinder is in a structure with an open lower end, and the lower end of the liquid supply cylinder is attached to the upper surface of the bottom of the groove body, the translation driving mechanism is used for driving the liquid supply cylinder to move in the groove body along the length direction, and a displacement sensor is arranged on the liquid supply cylinder; the liquid supply mechanism comprises a water tank, a water stop clamp, a hose and a flow controller, the water tank is arranged above the tank body, the water tank is connected with the upper end of the liquid supply cylinder through the hose, the water stop clamp and the flow controller are both arranged on the hose, and the displacement sensor is in signal connection with the flow controller; the splash mechanism is located below the supporting plate and comprises a support, a movable groove, an angle adjusting assembly, a conveying assembly, a splash disc and a splash ring cutter, one side of the movable groove is rotatably connected with the support, the angle adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the inclination angle of the movable groove, the conveying assembly is installed in the movable groove, the splash disc is installed on the conveying assembly, the splash ring cutter is used for being placed in the splash disc, and a plurality of drain holes are formed in the bottom of the splash disc.
Preferably, the rainfall mechanism still includes two spacing ropes, the both ends of spacing rope respectively with both ends are connected about the cell body, supply a liquid section of thick bamboo around bilateral symmetry be provided with two bar draw-in grooves, one spacing rope install in one in the bar draw-in groove, supply a liquid section of thick bamboo lower extreme parcel to have rubber.
Preferably, the translation drive assembly comprises two drive motors and two connecting ropes, the two drive motors are respectively fixed at the left end and the right end of the support plate, the left side and the right side of the liquid supply cylinder are respectively fixed with one connecting rope, and one connecting rope is wound on an output shaft of one drive motor.
Preferably, the support frame includes four adjustable landing legs, adjustable landing leg includes a plurality of sleeves locking screw and a plurality of flexible pipe that from top to bottom connects gradually, the top flexible pipe be fixed in the backup pad below, each flexible pipe lower extreme is provided with one the sleeve, the below flexible pipe box locate adjacent top in the flexible pipe, each install one on the lateral wall of sleeve lower extreme locking screw.
Preferably, the angle adjusting assembly includes jack, stand, tray, slider and slide rail, the slide rail is fixed in along length direction the lower surface of activity tank bottom, slider slidable mounting in on the slide rail, the tray is fixed in the support lower part, the jack install in the tray, be provided with on the jack the stand, the stand upper end with the slider is articulated, the support bottom is provided with a plurality of pulleys.
Preferably, the sputtering mechanism further includes an angle scale, a pointer and two support blocks, a connecting rod is fixed at each of the front and rear ends of one side of the movable groove, the two support blocks are fixed at each of the front and rear ends of one side of the bracket, one connecting rod is rotatably mounted in one support block, the angle scale is fixed on one support block, the pointer is fixed on the outer end circular surface of one connecting rod, the pointer is arranged to extend along the radial direction of the outer end circular surface of the connecting rod, and the pointer corresponds to the angle scale.
Preferably, the conveying assembly comprises a conveying motor, a conveying belt, a chain, a first gear, a second gear, a driving shaft and a driven shaft, the driving shaft and the driven shaft are respectively rotatably installed at the left end and the right end of the movable groove, the conveying belt is arranged on the driving shaft and the driven shaft, the conveying motor is installed at one end of the movable groove, the first gear is fixed on an output shaft of the conveying motor, the second gear is fixed on the driving shaft, and the chain is arranged on the first gear and the second gear.
Preferably, a fixing frame is arranged on the conveying belt, the sputtering disc is arranged on the fixing frame, a cutting ring fixing buckle is arranged in the sputtering disc, and the cutting ring fixing buckle is used for installing the sputtering cutting ring.
The invention also provides a test method of the test device based on simulation of continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash, which comprises the following steps:
filling the air-dried and sieved soil sample into the sputtering cutting ring, calculating filling amount according to volume weight, and spraying water to wet the soil to enable the soil to reach corresponding water content;
step two, sequentially mounting the needle heads of different models on the through holes along the length direction of the tank body according to test requirements, opening the water stop clamp to enable water to flow through the flow controller from the hose and then flow to the liquid supply cylinder, wherein the displacement sensor is used for measuring the distance between the liquid supply cylinder and the initial position of one end of the tank body, the rainfall capacity of the displacement at L can be obtained by calculation according to the inner diameter and the number of the needle heads, the flow rates corresponding to different displacements can be set in advance according to the calculation result, and the displacement sensor feeds back the flow rate to the flow controller for flow rate regulation, so that the water level in the liquid supply cylinder meets the test requirements and keeps unchanged;
thirdly, placing the rain measuring cylinder under the initial position of the tank body, measuring the rainfall and the rainfall intensity at the initial position for many times, calculating the actual average value of the rainfall and the rainfall intensity, calculating the rainfall uniformity, comparing the rainfall and the rainfall intensity with the designed value, if the actual average value of the rainfall and the rainfall intensity is different from the designed value of the rainfall and the rainfall intensity, adjusting the flow controller to enable the actual average value of the rainfall and the rainfall intensity to be consistent with the designed value of the rainfall and the rainfall intensity, and ensuring that the rainfall uniformity reaches 85%;
adjusting the inclination angle of the movable groove through the angle adjusting assembly;
fifthly, adjusting the liquid supply cylinder to an initial position through the translation driving assembly, blocking the drain hole on the sputtering disc by using a plug, putting the sputtering cutting ring with the soil sample into the sputtering disc, covering the sputtering disc by using a cover, then installing the sputtering disc on the conveying assembly, enabling the sputtering disc to be positioned under the liquid supply cylinder, and enabling the liquid supply cylinder and the sputtering disc to be kept in a vertical position corresponding to each other when the translation driving assembly and the conveying assembly are adjusted;
opening the translation driving assembly and the conveying assembly, simultaneously picking up the cover and starting timing to enable the liquid supply cylinder and the splash plate to move synchronously;
step seven, when the timing time is up, the splash plate moves to the end point, the splash plate is timely taken down from the conveying assembly, the translation driving assembly and the conveying assembly are closed, and the water stop clamp is closed;
and step eight, taking down the splash disc from the conveying assembly, taking down the splash cutting ring and the plug, collecting the splashed soil particles through the drain holes, and obtaining the splash amount, soil aggregate and nutrient indexes through drying, weighing, wet screening and nutrient experiments.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention provides a test device and a test method for simulating continuous rain intensity conversion soil splash corrosion. Meanwhile, the inclination angle of the movable groove is adjustable, the soil splash erosion process simulation under various gradients, rainfall time and rainfall intensity can be realized, and the device has the advantages of simple operation, wide application range and capability of well reproducing various characteristics of raindrops in actual rainfall.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a front view of a test device for simulating continuous rain intensity change soil erosion provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a test apparatus for simulating continuous rain intensity change soil erosion provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a rainfall mechanism and a supporting mechanism in the test device for simulating continuous rain intensity change soil erosion provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a splash mechanism in the test device for simulating continuous rain intensity change soil splash provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of a horizontal movable trough in the test device for simulating continuous rain intensity change soil erosion provided by the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an angle scale and a pointer in the test device for simulating continuous rain intensity change soil erosion provided by the invention.
Description of reference numerals: 100. a test device for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion; 1. a liquid supply mechanism; 11. a water tank; 12. a water stop clip; 13. a flow controller; 14. a hose; 2. a rainfall mechanism; 21. a trough body; 22. a liquid supply cylinder; 23. a drive motor; 24. connecting ropes; 25. a limiting rope; 26. a through hole; 3. a support mechanism; 31. a support plate; 32. a telescopic pipe; 33. a sleeve; 4. a sputtering mechanism; 41. a support; 42. a movable groove; 43. a conveyor belt; 44. a drive shaft; 45. a driven shaft; 46. a chain; 47. a transfer motor; 48. an angle scale; 49. a tray; 410. a jack; 411. a column; 412. a slider; 413. a pulley; 414. a sputtering disk; 415. a fixed mount; 416. a pointer; 417. a first gear; 418. a second gear; 419. supporting a block; 420. a connecting rod.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a test device and a test method for simulating continuous rainfall intensity conversion soil splash corrosion, which can be used for carrying out a soil splash corrosion test with continuous rainfall intensity conversion, and have the advantages of simple operation and wide application range.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the present embodiment provides a test device 100 for simulating continuous rain intensity change soil splash erosion, comprising a liquid supply mechanism 1, a rainfall mechanism 2, a support mechanism 3 and a splash erosion mechanism 4, wherein the support mechanism 3 comprises a support frame and a support plate 31 disposed above the support frame, an opening is disposed in the middle of the support plate 31, the rainfall mechanism 2 comprises a raindrop generator, a liquid supply cylinder 22, a translational driving component and a rainmeasuring cylinder, the raindrop generator comprises a tank 21 and a plurality of needles, the tank 21 is disposed on the support plate 31 and corresponds to the opening, a plurality of through holes 26 are disposed at the bottom of the tank 21, the needles are mounted on the through holes 26 and are located below the tank 21, the plurality of needles are divided into multiple types, the needles of different types have different inner diameters, when the inner diameter of the needle is larger, the rainfall and the rainfall intensity are larger, when the inner diameter of the needle is smaller, specifically, cell body 21 is rectangular form, arranges in the cell body 21 below along length direction in proper order through the syringe needle with different models, can simulate the raindrop diameter and change, needs to explain that the syringe needle has multiple mode of arranging, for example makes rainfall intensity follow left end to right-hand member in proper order by big diminish, or by little grow, or by big diminish grow again, or by little grow diminish etc.. The liquid supply cylinder 22 is of a lower end open structure, the lower end of the liquid supply cylinder 22 is attached to the upper surface of the bottom of the groove body 21, the translation driving mechanism is used for driving the liquid supply cylinder 22 to move in the groove body 21 along the length direction, a displacement sensor is arranged on the liquid supply cylinder 22, one end of the groove body 21 is an initial position of a test in the embodiment, and the displacement sensor is used for measuring the distance between the liquid supply cylinder 22 and the initial position.
The liquid supply mechanism 1 comprises a water tank 11, a water stop clamp 12, a hose 14 and a flow controller 13, wherein the water tank 11 is arranged above the tank body 21, the water tank 11 is connected with the upper end of a liquid supply cylinder 22 through the hose 14, so that water can directly flow into the liquid supply cylinder 22, the water stop clamp 12 and the flow controller 13 are both arranged on the hose 14, and the hose 14 in the embodiment is a rubber hose. The displacement sensor is in signal connection with the flow controller 13, and it is necessary to ensure that the water level in the liquid supply cylinder 22 meets the test requirements and remains unchanged while ensuring that the rainfall meets the requirements, and since the rainfall corresponding to the distance between the liquid supply cylinder 22 and the initial position can be calculated according to the parameters of the needle at that position, the rainfall at the displacement L corresponds to the distance value measured by the displacement sensor, and meanwhile, in order to maintain the water level unchanged, the flow required when the rainfall is large, and the flow required when the rainfall is small, it is clear that the rainfall at the displacement L corresponds to the flow controlled by the flow controller 13, and therefore, the measured distance value is fed back to the flow controller 13 by the displacement sensor to perform flow regulation, and the water level in the liquid supply cylinder 22 can remain unchanged. The sputtering mechanism 4 is located below the supporting plate 31, the sputtering mechanism 4 includes a support 41, a movable groove 42, an angle adjusting component, a conveying component, a sputtering disk 414 and a sputtering cutter ring, one side of the movable groove 42 is rotatably connected with the support 41, the angle adjusting component is used for adjusting the inclination angle of the movable groove 42, the conveying component is installed in the movable groove 42, the sputtering disk 414 is installed on the conveying component, the sputtering cutter ring is used for being placed in the sputtering disk 414, and a plurality of water drain holes are formed in the bottom of the sputtering disk 414.
As shown in fig. 3, in order to keep the liquid supply cylinder 22 stable when moving relative to the tank body 21, the rainfall mechanism 2 further includes two limiting ropes 25, two ends of the limiting ropes 25 are respectively connected with the left end and the right end of the tank body 21, two strip-shaped slots are symmetrically arranged on the front side and the rear side of the liquid supply cylinder 22, one limiting rope 25 is installed in one strip-shaped slot, and is used for limiting the liquid supply cylinder 22 in the vertical direction and guiding in the horizontal direction. The lower end of the liquid supply cylinder 22 is wrapped with rubber, and water can be prevented from leaking from the side of the lower end of the liquid supply cylinder 22 through the wrapped rubber, so that the accuracy of the test is guaranteed.
The translation driving assembly comprises two driving motors 23 and two connecting ropes 24, the two driving motors 23 are respectively fixed at the left end and the right end of the supporting plate 31, the connecting ropes 24 are respectively fixed at the left side and the right side of the liquid supply cylinder 22, and one connecting rope 24 is wound on an output shaft of one driving motor 23. When the liquid supply cylinder 22 needs to be driven to move, the two driving motors 23 are started, specifically, when the liquid supply cylinder 22 needs to move from the left end to the right end, the driving motor 23 at the right end retracts the connecting rope 24, and the motor at the left end releases the connecting rope 24, otherwise, the driving motor 23 at the left end retracts the connecting rope 24, and the motor at the right end releases the connecting rope 24. In this embodiment, the limiting rope 25 and the connecting rope 24 are both steel wire ropes.
The support frame comprises four adjustable supporting legs, each adjustable supporting leg comprises a plurality of sleeves 33, a locking screw and a plurality of telescopic pipes 32 sequentially connected from top to bottom, the telescopic pipe 32 at the top is fixed below the support plate 31, a sleeve 33 is arranged at the lower end of each telescopic pipe 32, the telescopic pipe 32 at the lower part is sleeved in the telescopic pipe 32 at the adjacent upper part, a locking screw is installed on the side wall at the lower end of each sleeve 33, the locking screw is tightly propped against the outer wall of the telescopic pipe 32 below the locking screw in a normal state, when the height of the adjustable supporting leg needs to be adjusted, the locking screw is screwed outwards, and the locking screw is screwed after the position of the telescopic pipe 32 below is adjusted, so that the adjustment of the distance between the rainfall mechanism 2 and the. In this embodiment, two telescopic tubes 32 are provided.
The support plate 31 comprises two steel bars parallel to each other and two steel plates parallel to each other, the two ends of the steel bars are respectively connected with the two steel plates, the two driving motors 23 are respectively installed on the two steel plates, and the steel plates are provided with screw holes for fixing the driving motors 23.
The angle adjusting assembly comprises a jack 410, a stand column 411, a tray 49, a sliding block 412 and a sliding rail, wherein the sliding rail is fixed on the lower surface of the bottom of the movable groove 42 along the length direction, the sliding block 412 is slidably mounted on the sliding rail, the tray 49 is fixed on the lower portion of the support 41, the jack 410 is mounted in the tray 49, the stand column 411 is arranged on the jack 410, and the upper end of the stand column 411 is hinged to the sliding block 412. As shown in fig. 5, the movable groove 42 can be made horizontal by adjusting the jack 410. For moving convenience, the bottom of the bracket 41 is provided with a plurality of pulleys 413.
As shown in fig. 6, the sputtering mechanism 4 further includes an angle scale 48, a pointer 416 and two supporting blocks 419, a connecting rod 420 is fixed to the front end and the rear end of one side of the movable slot 42, the connecting rod 420 is a cylindrical rod, the two supporting blocks 419 are fixed to the front end and the rear end of one side of the bracket 41, the connecting rod 420 is rotatably mounted in the supporting block 419, the angle scale 48 is fixed to the supporting block 419, the pointer 416 is fixed to the outer end circular surface of one connecting rod 420, the pointer 416 extends along the radial direction of the outer end circular surface of the connecting rod 420, and the pointer 416 corresponds to the position of the angle scale 48. The angle scale 48 is fixed and the pointer 416 will follow the rotation of the movable slot 42, thereby reading the angle of inclination of the movable slot 42.
The transmission assembly comprises a transmission motor 47, a transmission belt 43, a chain 46, a first gear 417, a second gear 418, a driving shaft 44 and a driven shaft 45, wherein the driving shaft 44 and the driven shaft 45 are respectively rotatably installed at the left end and the right end of the movable groove 42, the transmission belt 43 is wound on the driving shaft 44 and the driven shaft 45, the transmission motor 47 is installed at one end of the movable groove 42, the first gear 417 is fixed on an output shaft of the transmission motor 47, the second gear 418 is fixed on the driving shaft 44, and the chain 46 is wound on the first gear 417 and the second gear 418. In operation, the transmission motor 47 drives the driving shaft 44 to move through the first gear 417, the chain 46 and the second gear 418, and further drives the transmission belt 43 to move, so as to realize the movement of the sputtering disk 414 mounted on the transmission belt 43.
As shown in fig. 4, a fixing frame 415 is disposed on the conveyor belt 43, the sputtering disk 414 is disposed on the fixing frame 415, and a cutting ring fixing buckle is disposed in the sputtering disk 414 and is used for mounting the sputtering cutting ring. The diameter of the sputtering cutting ring in the embodiment is 10 cm.
In this embodiment, a controller may be further provided, and the displacement sensor, the flow controller 13, the jack 410, the driving motor 23, and the conveying motor 47 are all connected to the controller, and the controller controls the opening and closing of the driving motor 23 and the conveying motor 47 and the rotation speed of the conveying motor 47.
The embodiment also provides a test method of the test device 100 based on simulation of continuous rain intensity transformation soil erosion, which includes the following steps:
filling the air-dried and screened soil sample into a sputtering cutting ring, calculating the filling amount according to the volume weight, and spraying water to wet the soil to enable the soil to reach the corresponding water content;
step two, sequentially installing needles of different types on the through holes 26 along the length direction of the groove body 21 according to test requirements, opening the water stop clamp 12 to enable water to flow through the flow controller 13 from the hose 14 and then flow to the liquid supply cylinder 22, wherein the displacement sensor is used for measuring the distance between the liquid supply cylinder 22 and the initial position of one end of the groove body 21, the distance between the liquid supply cylinder 22 and the initial position is L, the rainfall amount of the displacement at the L can be calculated according to the inner diameter and the number of the needles, the flow corresponding to different displacements can be set in advance according to the calculation result, and the displacement sensor feeds back the flow to the flow controller 13 for flow regulation, so that the water level in the liquid supply cylinder 22 meets the test requirements and keeps unchanged; specifically, the needles in this embodiment are divided into a plurality of groups along the length direction, each group includes a plurality of needles having the same inner diameter and sequentially arranged along the width direction, the distance between two adjacent needles in the length direction is 2cm, and the distance between two adjacent needles in the width direction is 2 cm;
thirdly, placing a rainfall measuring cylinder under the initial position of the tank body 21, measuring the rainfall and the rainfall intensity at the initial position for many times, calculating the actual average value of the rainfall and the rainfall intensity, calculating the rainfall uniformity, comparing the rainfall and the rainfall intensity with the designed value, if the actual average value of the rainfall and the rainfall intensity is different from the designed value of the rainfall and the rainfall intensity, adjusting the flow controller 13 to enable the actual average value of the rainfall and the rainfall intensity to be consistent with the designed value of the rainfall and the rainfall intensity, and ensuring the rainfall uniformity to reach 85%;
step four, adjusting the inclination angle of the movable groove 42 through an angle adjusting assembly, specifically, driving the upright column 411 to move up and down through the jack 410, and meanwhile, the sliding block 412 slides on the sliding rail, so as to adjust the inclination angle of the movable groove 42;
step five, adjusting the liquid supply cylinder 22 to an initial position by a translation driving assembly, blocking a drain hole on the sputtering disc 414 by using a plug, wherein the plug in the embodiment is a foam plug, placing a sputtering cutting ring loaded with a soil sample into a cutting ring fixing buckle of the sputtering disc 414, covering the sputtering disc 414 by using a cover, then installing the sputtering disc 414 on a fixing frame 415, and enabling the sputtering disc 414 to be positioned under the liquid supply cylinder 22, and enabling the liquid supply cylinder 22 and the sputtering disc 414 to keep corresponding positions in the vertical direction during movement by adjusting the translation driving assembly and a transmission assembly, specifically, enabling the liquid supply cylinder 22 and the sputtering disc 414 to keep corresponding positions in the vertical direction during movement by adjusting the rotating speeds of the driving motor 23 and the transmission motor 47;
step six, opening the translation driving assembly and the conveying assembly, namely opening the driving motor 23 and the conveying motor 47, simultaneously picking up the cover and starting timing, so that the liquid supply cylinder 22 and the sputtering disc 414 move synchronously;
step seven, when the timing time is up, the sputtering disc 414 moves to the end point, the sputtering disc 414 is timely taken down from the fixed frame 415, the translation driving component and the transmission component are closed, namely the driving motor 23 and the transmission motor 47 are closed, and the water stop clamp 12 is closed;
and step eight, taking down the splash erosion disc 414 from the fixing frame 415, then taking down the splash erosion cutting ring and the plug, collecting the splashed soil particles through the drain holes, specifically, discharging the soil particles from the drain holes through water flow washing, obtaining the splash erosion amount, soil aggregate and nutrient indexes through drying weighing, wet screening and nutrient experiments, and exploring the influence characteristics of continuous rainfall change on the soil splash erosion process.
Therefore, in the embodiment, the soil splash corrosion test with continuously changed rainfall intensity can be performed, and the problem that the existing soil splash corrosion device can only perform a single-rain strong splash corrosion test is solved. Meanwhile, the inclination angle of the movable trough 42 is adjustable, the rainfall height is adjustable, the soil splash erosion process simulation under various gradients, rainfall time and rainfall intensity can be realized, and the device has the advantages of simple operation, wide application range and capability of well reproducing various characteristics of raindrops in actual rainfall.
The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A test device for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion is characterized by comprising a liquid supply mechanism, a rainfall mechanism, a supporting mechanism and a splash erosion mechanism, wherein the supporting mechanism comprises a supporting frame and a supporting plate arranged above the supporting frame, an opening is formed in the middle of the supporting plate, the rainfall mechanism comprises a raindrop generator, a liquid supply cylinder, a translation driving assembly and a rainmeasuring cylinder, the raindrop generator comprises a groove body and a plurality of needles, the groove body is arranged on the supporting plate and corresponds to the opening, a plurality of through holes are formed in the bottom of the groove body, the needles are used for being mounted on the through holes and are located below the groove body, the needles are divided into a plurality of models, the inner diameters of the needles in different models are different, the liquid supply cylinder is of a structure with an open lower end, and the lower end of the liquid supply cylinder is attached to the upper surface of the bottom of the groove body, the translation driving mechanism is used for driving the liquid supply cylinder to move in the groove body along the length direction, and a displacement sensor is arranged on the liquid supply cylinder; the liquid supply mechanism comprises a water tank, a water stop clamp, a hose and a flow controller, the water tank is arranged above the tank body, the water tank is connected with the upper end of the liquid supply cylinder through the hose, the water stop clamp and the flow controller are both arranged on the hose, and the displacement sensor is in signal connection with the flow controller; the splash mechanism is located below the supporting plate and comprises a support, a movable groove, an angle adjusting assembly, a conveying assembly, a splash disc and a splash ring cutter, one side of the movable groove is rotatably connected with the support, the angle adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the inclination angle of the movable groove, the conveying assembly is installed in the movable groove, the splash disc is installed on the conveying assembly, the splash ring cutter is used for being placed in the splash disc, and a plurality of drain holes are formed in the bottom of the splash disc.
2. The testing device for simulating continuous rain intensity transformation soil splash erosion according to claim 1, wherein the rainfall mechanism further comprises two limiting ropes, two ends of the limiting ropes are respectively connected with the left end and the right end of the trough body, two strip-shaped clamping grooves are symmetrically arranged on the front side and the rear side of the liquid supply cylinder, one limiting rope is arranged in one strip-shaped clamping groove, and the lower end of the liquid supply cylinder is wrapped with rubber.
3. The testing device for simulating continuous rain intensity change soil splash according to claim 1, wherein the translation driving assembly comprises two driving motors and two connecting ropes, the two driving motors are respectively fixed at the left end and the right end of the supporting plate, one connecting rope is respectively fixed at the left side and the right side of the liquid supply cylinder, and one connecting rope is wound on an output shaft of one driving motor.
4. The testing device for simulating continuous rainforcing transformation soil splash corrosion according to claim 1, wherein the supporting frame comprises four adjustable legs, each adjustable leg comprises a plurality of sleeves, a locking screw and a plurality of telescopic pipes connected in sequence from top to bottom, the telescopic pipe at the uppermost end is fixed below the supporting plate, one sleeve is arranged at the lower end of each telescopic pipe, the telescopic pipe at the lower end is sleeved in the adjacent telescopic pipe at the upper end, and one locking screw is arranged on the side wall at the lower end of each sleeve.
5. The testing device for simulating continuous raining intensity transformation soil erosion according to claim 1, wherein the angle adjusting assembly comprises a jack, a column, a tray, a slider and a slide rail, the slide rail is fixed to the lower surface of the bottom of the movable groove along the length direction, the slider is slidably mounted on the slide rail, the tray is fixed to the lower portion of the bracket, the jack is mounted in the tray, the column is arranged on the jack, the upper end of the column is hinged to the slider, and a plurality of pulleys are arranged on the bottom of the bracket.
6. The testing device for simulating continuous rain intensity change soil splash corrosion according to claim 1, wherein the splash corrosion mechanism further comprises an angle scale, a pointer and two support blocks, a connecting rod is fixed at each of the front end and the rear end of one side of the movable slot, the two support blocks are fixed at each of the front end and the rear end of one side of the bracket, one connecting rod is rotatably mounted in one support block, the angle scale is fixed on one support block, the pointer is fixed on the outer end circular surface of one connecting rod, the pointer is arranged along the radial extension of the outer end circular surface of the connecting rod, and the pointer corresponds to the position of the angle scale.
7. The testing device for simulating continuous raining intensity varying soil erosion according to claim 1, wherein the transmission assembly comprises a transmission motor, a transmission belt, a chain, a first gear, a second gear, a driving shaft and a driven shaft, the driving shaft and the driven shaft are respectively rotatably mounted at left and right ends of the movable groove, the transmission belt is wound on the driving shaft and the driven shaft, the transmission motor is mounted at one end of the movable groove, the first gear is fixed on an output shaft of the transmission motor, the second gear is fixed on the driving shaft, and the chain is wound on the first gear and the second gear.
8. The testing device for simulating continuous raining intensity transformation soil splash as claimed in claim 7, wherein a fixing frame is arranged on the conveyor belt, the splash plate is arranged on the fixing frame, and a cutting ring fixing buckle is arranged in the splash plate and used for installing the splash cutting ring.
9. A test method based on a test device for simulating continuous raining intensity transformation soil splash according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized by comprising the following steps:
filling the air-dried and sieved soil sample into the sputtering cutting ring, calculating filling amount according to volume weight, and spraying water to wet the soil to enable the soil to reach corresponding water content;
step two, sequentially mounting the needle heads of different models on the through holes along the length direction of the tank body according to test requirements, opening the water stop clamp to enable water to flow through the flow controller from the hose and then flow to the liquid supply cylinder, wherein the displacement sensor is used for measuring the distance between the liquid supply cylinder and the initial position of one end of the tank body, the rainfall capacity of the displacement at L can be obtained by calculation according to the inner diameter and the number of the needle heads, the flow rates corresponding to different displacements can be set in advance according to the calculation result, and the displacement sensor feeds back the flow rate to the flow controller for flow rate regulation, so that the water level in the liquid supply cylinder meets the test requirements and keeps unchanged;
thirdly, placing the rain measuring cylinder under the initial position of the tank body, measuring the rainfall and the rainfall intensity at the initial position for many times, calculating the actual average value of the rainfall and the rainfall intensity, calculating the rainfall uniformity, comparing the rainfall and the rainfall intensity with the designed value, if the actual average value of the rainfall and the rainfall intensity is different from the designed value of the rainfall and the rainfall intensity, adjusting the flow controller to enable the actual average value of the rainfall and the rainfall intensity to be consistent with the designed value of the rainfall and the rainfall intensity, and ensuring that the rainfall uniformity reaches 85%;
adjusting the inclination angle of the movable groove through the angle adjusting assembly;
fifthly, adjusting the liquid supply cylinder to an initial position through the translation driving assembly, blocking the drain hole on the sputtering disc by using a plug, putting the sputtering cutting ring with the soil sample into the sputtering disc, covering the sputtering disc by using a cover, then installing the sputtering disc on the conveying assembly, enabling the sputtering disc to be positioned under the liquid supply cylinder, and enabling the liquid supply cylinder and the sputtering disc to be kept in a vertical position corresponding to each other when the translation driving assembly and the conveying assembly are adjusted;
opening the translation driving assembly and the conveying assembly, simultaneously picking up the cover and starting timing to enable the liquid supply cylinder and the splash plate to move synchronously;
step seven, when the timing time is up, the splash plate moves to the end point, the splash plate is timely taken down from the conveying assembly, the translation driving assembly and the conveying assembly are closed, and the water stop clamp is closed;
and step eight, taking down the splash disc from the conveying assembly, taking down the splash cutting ring and the plug, collecting the splashed soil particles through the drain holes, and obtaining the splash amount, soil aggregate and nutrient indexes through drying, weighing, wet screening and nutrient experiments.
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