Device for simulating roadbed water loss under different rainfall intensities
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for simulating roadbed damage degrees under different rainfall intensities, which can realize simulation of different rainfall intensities and visually measure the roadbed damage degrees under different rainfall intensities, and belongs to the technical field of roadbed slope reinforcement research.
Background
Some railway subgrades composed of silty soil are affected by rainfall at any time, and the railway and highway subgrades need to be subjected to water loss tests to determine the stability of the railway and highway subgrades and research on subgrade strengthening measures.
In recent years, tests for water loss of a roadbed have been increasingly performed by using a device capable of simulating rainfall. The method can measure the water loss effect diagram of the roadbed very intuitively, and perform timely preliminary assessment on the water loss condition of the roadbed; for different on-site railway roadbeds, complex factors such as the shape, the components, the content and the like of the roadbed can be fully considered, and the roadbed can be simulated more truly and effectively; different rainfall intensities and rainfall duration can be adjusted for different climates of different regions, and the method is suitable for roadbed water loss simulation in various regions.
Therefore, the simulation of the roadbed water loss by using a rainfall device becomes an important research and application technology for evaluating the roadbed water loss condition.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of uneven rainfall, compaction of roadbed soil, rainfall duration, rainfall intensity and the like when the water loss of the roadbed is simulated, the invention provides the device for simulating the water loss of the roadbed under different rainfall intensities, which has the advantages of high mechanization degree, safe and simple operation and more effective result.
The device for simulating roadbed water loss under different rainfall intensities adopts the following technical scheme:
the device comprises a shaping mechanism, a water storage mechanism, a strength control mechanism and a precipitation mechanism; the precipitation mechanism is arranged above the shaping mechanism and is connected with the water storage mechanism through the strength control mechanism.
Moulding mechanism, including flourishing water tray and deformation frame, the frame that warp is connected on flourishing water tray, is equipped with the outlet on the flourishing water tray, installs the stagnant water stopper on the outlet, warp the frame and constitute by curb plate and roof, the curb plate lower extreme is connected with flourishing water tray, the upper end is connected with being connected of roof.
The water storage mechanism comprises a water storage tank and a water pump, wherein a water inlet hole is formed in the side face of the water storage tank, and a water inlet valve is arranged at the water inlet hole. The water pump is connected with the strength control mechanism. A liquid level meter is arranged outside the water storage tank.
The intensity control mechanism comprises a water inlet pipe and a water guide pipe, parallel branches are connected between the water inlet pipe and the water guide pipe, an electromagnetic valve and a flow control switch are arranged on each branch, and the water guide pipe is connected with the rainfall mechanism. Each branch controls a flow corresponding to rainfall intensity.
The water reducing mechanism comprises a water reducing disc, a net cylinder and a water equalizing plate, water outlet holes are distributed in the water reducing disc, the bottom of the water reducing disc is connected with the water equalizing plate, water inlet holes are distributed in the water equalizing plate, the water inlet holes are connected with the water outlet holes in the water reducing disc through guide pipes, the net cylinder is arranged above the water reducing disc and is installed on the motor through a rotating rod, and the motor is fixed on the water equalizing plate. The motor drives the net barrel to rotate, the water guide pipe in the strength control mechanism in the net barrel rotates along with the net barrel, water flow is evenly distributed on the water equalizing plate and falls down through the water inlet holes distributed in the bottom surface of the water equalizing plate, and therefore the uniform rainfall effect is formed.
When the device is used, water is filled in the water storage mechanism in advance, the water pump is started, the water pump inputs water into the strength control mechanism, required rainfall strength is selected, the strength control mechanism inputs certain flow into the precipitation mechanism through the water guide pipe, and the water is dropped into the shaping mechanism below through uniform distribution of the precipitation mechanism.
The invention has high degree of mechanization, safe and simple operation and high simulation precision. On one hand, the problem of uniform rainfall simulation is solved, on the other hand, the application range is wide, various complex factors on the site can be considered, and the simulation result is more accurate and real.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for simulating roadbed water loss under different rainfall intensities.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the shaping mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a bottom plate of the shaping mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the water storage mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the strength control mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the precipitation mechanism of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a precipitation homogenizing mechanism, 2 a water guide pipe, 3 a precipitation mechanism, 4 a shaping mechanism, 5 a controller, 6 a rainfall intensity indicator lamp, 7 an intensity control mechanism, 8 a water storage mechanism, 9 a water level gauge, 10 a water stop plug, 11 a water baffle, 12 a pressure bearing plate, 13 a water drainage hole, 14 a moving wheel, 15 a top plate, 16 a shaping plate, 17 an anchor bolt, 18 a water pump, 19 a water pipe, 20 a water storage tank, 21 a floating ball, 22 a pull rod, 23 a valve, 24 a pin shaft, 25 a water inlet hole, 26 a water inlet pipe, 27 a tee joint, 28 a right-angle bend-through, 29 an electromagnetic valve, 30 a flow control switch, 31 a water equalizing plate, 32 a water inlet hole, 33 a guide pipe, 34 a tee joint, 35 a mesh cylinder, 36 a water outlet hole, 37 a rotating rod, 38 a motor shaft and 39 a motor.
Detailed Description
The device for simulating roadbed water loss under different rainfall intensities, disclosed by the invention, comprises a shaping mechanism 4, an intensity control mechanism 7, a rainfall mechanism 1 and a water storage mechanism 8, as shown in figure 1. Precipitation mechanism 1 sets up in moulding 4 tops of mechanism, and precipitation mechanism 1 is connected with intensity control mechanism 7, and intensity control mechanism 7 is connected with retaining mechanism 8. The shaping mechanism 4 is used for shaping the roadbed soil. Retaining mechanism 8 and intensity control mechanism 7 mutually support, for the water that provides precipitation mechanism 1 certain flow, precipitation mechanism 1 provides certain intensity and even precipitation for moulding mechanism 4.
As shown in fig. 2, the shaping mechanism 4 includes a water tray and a deformation frame. The water containing disc is composed of a bearing plate 12 and water baffles 11 arranged around the bearing plate 12, four corners of the bearing plate 12 are provided with water drainage holes 13 with the diameter of 2cm, referring to fig. 3, the water drainage holes are provided with water stop plugs 10, and water stop and drainage of the water drainage holes 13 can be controlled. The bottom of the pressure bearing plate 12 is provided with moving wheels 14 to facilitate the movement of the entire apparatus. The deformation frame is composed of two side plates and a top plate, wherein the side plates 16 are hinged on the bearing plate 12 through anchor bolts 17, and two ends of the top plate 15 are respectively hinged with the tops of the two side plates 16 to form the trapezoidal deformation frame with the variable bottom angle. The side plates 16 are installed according to the slope angle of the roadbed, so that the roadbed with different slope angles can be formed.
As shown in fig. 4, the water storage mechanism 8 includes a water storage tank 20 and a water pump 18. The water pump 18 is arranged in the water storage tank 20 and is connected with a water inlet pipe 26 in the strength control mechanism 7 through a water pipe 19. The side surface of the water storage tank 20 is provided with a water inlet 25 and a water level gauge 9, and the water inlet 25 is provided with a water inlet valve. The water inlet valve comprises a floating ball 21, a pull rod 22 and a valve 23, and the valve 23 is hinged to a water inlet 25 through a pin shaft 24. The water pump 18 is arranged at the bottom of the water storage tank 20, the valve 23 is connected with the floating ball 21 through the pull rod 22, when the water level in the water storage tank 20 rises, the floating ball 21 drives the pull rod 22 to move together, the pull rod 22 drives the valve 23 to rotate around the pin shaft 24, and when the pull rod 22 reaches the horizontal position, the valve 23 is completely closed to stop water inflow. The water inlet valve can also adopt an electric valve.
As shown in fig. 5, the intensity control mechanism includes a water inlet pipe 26 and a water conduit 2, the water inlet pipe 26 is connected with the water conduit 2 through a tee 27 and a four-way branch pipe with a right angle elbow 28, the other ends of the four-way branch pipe are connected with the water conduit 2, the water conduit 2 is connected with a net barrel 35 in the rainfall mechanism 1, and the four-way branch pipe is connected with an electromagnetic valve 29 and a flow control switch (which may be a manual valve) 30. The water guide pipe 2 may be a hose to facilitate the swing. Each branch pipe respectively controls the rainfall intensity of medium rain, heavy rain and heavy rain, the water flow of the corresponding branch pipe is communicated through the electromagnetic valve 29, and the flow control switch 30 is used for controlling the water flow, so that the rainfall intensity of medium rain, heavy rain and heavy rain is formed. The controller 5 controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valves 29, the rainfall intensity indicator lamp 6 displays the rainfall intensity, and then the four electromagnetic valves 29 respectively control the rainfall intensities of medium rain, heavy rain and heavy rain.
As shown in fig. 6, the precipitation mechanism 1 includes a precipitation disc 1, a net cylinder 35 and a water equalizing plate 31, water outlet holes 36 are distributed on the precipitation disc 40, the water equalizing plate 31 is connected to the bottom of the precipitation disc 40, water inlet holes 32 are distributed on the water equalizing plate 31, and the water inlet holes 32 are connected with the water outlet holes 36 through pipes 33. The net barrel 35 is arranged on a rotating rod 37, the rotating rod 37 is arranged on a motor 39, and the motor 39 is fixed on the water equalizing plate 31. The mesh drum 35 is used to insert the water introduction duct 2. The plurality of pipes 33 may be connected by a tee 34 and then connected to the outlet hole 36. The water guide pipe 2 is placed in the net cylinder 35, after the motor 39 runs, the water guide pipe 2 can follow the net cylinder 35 to do uniform circular motion together, water flow is distributed to the water distribution plate 31 through the water outlet holes 36 on the water distribution plate 31 after reaching the precipitation disc 40, and the water flow falls through the water inlet holes 32 (small round holes) distributed on the water distribution plate 31 to form a uniform rainfall effect.
The operation of the above-described apparatus is as follows.
The water containing disc is moved out through the moving wheel 14 at the bottom of the bearing plate 12 to carry out the shaping operation of the roadbed soil. According to the roadbed size and the angle measured in advance, a certain angle and a certain number of anchoring bolts 17 are reinforced on the bearing plate 12. On both sides of the roadbed slope, the plastic plates 16 are embedded into the inner side according to the angle of the anchoring nails 17, then the plastic plates 16 are fixed by the anchoring nails 17, and the stability of the plastic plates is maintained by combining the roof 15. And the other two sides of the roadbed shaping area are fixed by other vertical shaping plates. And paving roadbed soil with a certain thickness on the shaping plate.
The water pump 18 is started to operate, water flow enters the strength control mechanism 7 through a water pipe 19 in the water storage mechanism, the flow of the water is controlled by the flow control switch 30 and the electromagnetic valve 29, and the switch 30 of each branch is arranged in advance according to the required rainfall. The flow control switch 30 is controlled by the controller 5, the rainfall is selected, only the electromagnetic valve 29 on one branch is operated after one rainfall intensity of medium rain, heavy rain and heavy rain is selected, and the other three electromagnetic valves 29 are powered off and closed, so that the ideal rainfall intensity is obtained.
Rivers enter into precipitation mechanism 1 through the inlet tube that solenoid valve 29 is connected, drive a net section of thick bamboo 35 and aqueduct 2 through motor 39 and rotate, realize the reposition of redundant personnel effect, in eight equidimension regions on equal water board 31 with rivers average distribution, the exit linkage pipe 33 and the tee bend 34 in every region, be divided into two with the rivers, the rivers of branch are connected with two imports 32 of equal water board 31 respectively along pipe 33, eight exports are just so connected with sixteen imports of equal water board, rivers will descend through the small closely knit round hole in equal water board 31 bottom, form the precipitation effect of ideal. The formed precipitation falls on the molding area of the roadbed to be washed out, and the water loss condition of the roadbed is observed. The falling water is finally collected by a water containing tray.
The rainfall flushes the roadbed on the plastic plates, the roadbed soil generates cutting depth, length and height, and the water loss condition calculates the collapse speed by measuring the cutting depth, the length and the height and combining the time. In the simulation process, the collapse process is observed, and the rainfall at the time, duration and moment when massive body slippage occurs, slope surface slippage cracks, local collapse, collapse slippage rheology, slope surface displacement and massive body slippage in sequence are recorded.