CN112634728A - Geological disaster chain simulation test device and method - Google Patents
Geological disaster chain simulation test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112634728A CN112634728A CN202011627177.6A CN202011627177A CN112634728A CN 112634728 A CN112634728 A CN 112634728A CN 202011627177 A CN202011627177 A CN 202011627177A CN 112634728 A CN112634728 A CN 112634728A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a geological disaster chain simulation test device and a geological disaster chain simulation test method, wherein the geological disaster chain simulation test device comprises a model box, a water injection tank, a pipeline, a lifting device, a rainfall simulation device and a water level changing device; the mold box is a cuboid with a frame structure, the side surface of the mold box is a retaining plate, the bottom surface of the mold box is a bottom plate, one side of the bottom plate is hinged with the side surface of the mold box, the bottom plate can turn over around a hinged shaft, and a lifting device is connected below the bottom plate and is positioned on the ground; the rainfall simulation device is positioned at the top of the model box and comprises a plurality of spray heads facing the interior of the model box; the water level changing device comprises a plurality of water injection pipes, a plurality of through holes are formed in the soil retaining plate and/or the bottom plate, and the water injection pipes are connected in the through holes in a sliding mode; the water injection tank is located the simulation case side, is provided with the water injection pump in the water injection tank, and the water injection pump passes through pipe connection shower nozzle and water injection pipe. The simulation test of simulating the special complex geological structure and various disaster chain types induced by the loess plateau disaster chain can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geological disaster chain research, and relates to a geological disaster chain simulation test device and method.
Background
In China, loess plateau terrain gullies are vertical and horizontal, loess structures are loose and porous, the heavy rainfall is concentrated, so that geological disasters such as landslide, collapse, debris flow, ground settlement and collapse and ground cracks occur frequently, the disasters often form chains, and the method is strong in burst property, wide in influence range and high in damage degree. In recent years, in loess plateau, major engineering construction such as flat mountain city building, ditch control land building, ditch fixing and tableland protection and the like strongly reform landform units to form a large amount of excavation and filling side slopes and large area landfill bodies. The special digging and filling and piling interfaces, the deep filling bodies and the underground water level are lifted, which all cause the aggravation of potential geological disaster risks, such as slope slippage, ground settlement, dam collapse and the like. The loess plateau geological disaster chain is increasingly complex, so an indoor large-scale physical simulation test means is needed to further disclose the loess plateau geological disaster chain mechanism. At present, the traditional indoor physical simulation system for geological disasters is various in types, but the function and control disaster-inducing factors are single, and the simulation test of simulating a special complex geological structure and various types of disaster chains induced by a loess plateau disaster chain cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a geological disaster chain simulation test device and a geological disaster chain simulation test method, which can meet the requirements of simulation of special complex geological structures and various types of disaster chain simulation tests induced by loess plateau disaster chains.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a geological disaster chain simulation test device comprises a model box, a water injection tank, a pipeline, a lifting device, a rainfall simulation device and a water level changing device;
the mold box is a cuboid with a frame structure, the side surface of the mold box is a retaining plate, the bottom surface of the mold box is a bottom plate, one side of the bottom plate is hinged with the side surface of the mold box, the bottom plate can turn over around a hinged shaft, and a lifting device is connected below the bottom plate and is positioned on the ground;
the rainfall simulation device is positioned at the top of the model box and comprises a plurality of spray heads facing the interior of the model box;
the water level changing device comprises a plurality of water injection pipes, a plurality of through holes are formed in the soil retaining plate and/or the bottom plate, and the water injection pipes are connected in the through holes in a sliding mode;
the water injection tank is located the simulation case side, is provided with the water injection pump in the water injection tank, and the water injection pump passes through pipe connection shower nozzle and water injection pipe.
Preferably, the water injection pipe comprises a main support pipe and a water outlet pipe, the main support pipe is nested outside the water outlet pipe, the main support pipe is provided with a plurality of pin holes along the axial direction, the circumferential surface of the water outlet pipe is provided with radial spring pins, and the spring pins extend out of the main support pipe from the pin holes.
Furthermore, the top of the water outlet pipe is hermetically connected with one end of a rubber threaded pipe, and the outer wall of the other end of the rubber threaded pipe is hermetically connected with the inner wall of the top of the main supporting pipe.
Preferably, a water injection valve is arranged on a pipeline between the water injection pump and the water injection pipe.
Preferably, a pressure measuring pipe is arranged on one surface of the retaining plate facing the interior of the mold box.
Preferably, a rainfall framework is nested outside the rainfall simulation device, the bottom surface of the rainfall framework is the same as the top surface of the model box in shape and size, the top surface of the model box is provided with a slide rail, and the bottom surface of the rainfall framework is provided with rollers which are slidably connected with the slide rail.
Preferably, a flow meter is provided in each spray head.
Preferably, a water reducing valve is arranged on a pipeline between the water injection pump and the water injection pipe.
Preferably, a reservoir water level lifting device is arranged on the side face of the model box and is positioned on the hinged side of the bottom plate, the reservoir water level lifting device comprises a reservoir water tank, a water baffle and a water level sensor, the water baffle is positioned on the side face, facing the hinged side of the bottom plate, of the reservoir water tank, a water inlet and a water outlet are formed in the water baffle, the water inlet and the water outlet are communicated with the interior of the reservoir water tank, and a sealing element is arranged on the water inlet and the water outlet; the water injection pump is communicated with the interior of the reservoir water tank through a pipeline; the water level sensor is fixed on the inner wall of the reservoir water tank.
A geological disaster chain simulation test method based on any one of the devices comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: laying sandy soil in the model box layer by adopting a sand rain method;
step two: when the filled soil reaches the set height of the slope body, the model box is lifted to a proper height through a lifting device below the model box so as to simulate the slope body with different angles.
Step three: adjusting a variable water level device, and injecting water to different depth positions in the test slope body until the hydrodynamic pressure, the pore water pressure and the like in the test slope body reach required values so as to simulate the slope body under different hydrogeology adjustment;
step four: simulating a rainfall condition through a rainfall system;
and step five, collecting required data.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the bottom plate can rotate around the hinge shaft through the lifting device at the bottom of the model box, so that test conditions of slopes with different angles can be simulated; by arranging the rainfall simulation device, water in the water tank can be sprayed out of the spray head, and the influence on the instability of the slope can be simulated; through the variable water level device, the water injection pipe stretches out or retracts in the through hole wantonly, can insert the water injection pipe to the optional position in the slope, can simulate the influence of different hydrogeological conditions to the different blocks of the internal portion of slope to can provide comprehensive, effective and reliable normal position analog system for the research of geological disasters.
Furthermore, the water outlet pipe is connected with the top of the main supporting pipe through a rubber threaded pipe, so that water leakage is prevented.
Furthermore, the water injection valve can adjust the water quantity injected by the water injection pipe, so that more real simulation is realized.
Further, the piezometric tube is used for observing the water level change in the test slope body.
Furthermore, the rainfall simulation device moves at the top of the model box through the idler wheels and the slide rails, and the influence of partitioned rainfall on slope instability can be simulated.
Furthermore, the flowmeter can count the simulated rainfall, and test data statistics is facilitated.
Furthermore, the rainfall valve can adjust the magnitude of the simulated rainfall, and the influence of different rainfall intensities, rainfall types and rainfall time on slope instability can be simulated.
Further, the reservoir water level lifting device can take out the sealing element from the water inlet and the water outlet when in use, and can simulate the change of the reservoir water level in the instability process of the slope body.
Further, the water pump is used for controlling the height of the water level in the reservoir water tank.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the rainfall simulation device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the rainfall simulation device configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a water level changing device on the side of a simulation box according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a water level varying device of the bottom surface of the simulation tank of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a pipe section of the water level varying device of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the water injection tube of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the reservoir water level elevating device of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-a model box; 2-a support column; 3-a soil retaining plate; 4-a bottom plate; 5-a lifting device; 6-rainfall frame; 7-a spray head; 8-a main water guide pipe; 9-secondary aqueduct; 10-a water diversion pipe; 11-a flow meter; 12-a roller; 13-a fixed pulley; 14-a water reducing valve; 15-a rope; 16-a main support tube; 17-a water outlet pipe; 18-a spring pin; 19-rubber threaded pipe; 20-sealing screw cap; 21-a water injection valve; 22-piezometric tube; 23-a water injection tank; 24-a reservoir water tank; 25-a water baffle; 26-a water level sensor; 27-a water inlet valve; 28-water pump.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the geological disaster chain simulation test device of the present invention comprises a model box 1, a water injection tank 23, a pipeline, a lifting device 5, a rainfall simulation device, a water level changing device and a reservoir water level lifting device 5.
The model box 1 is of a frame structure and is a cuboid with an open top and a closed bottom, the model box 1 comprises a bottom plate 4, a soil blocking plate 3 and a plurality of support columns 2, the soil blocking plate 3 is arranged on the side surface of the model box 1, the bottom surface of the model box 1 is the bottom plate 4, a clamping groove for the soil blocking plate 3 is arranged on the side wall of the model box 1, and the soil blocking plate 3 is arranged in the clamping groove for the soil blocking plate 3; this configuration of the model box 1 allows a clear observation of the test process inside the box.
The rainfall simulation device is positioned at the top of the model box 1, as shown in fig. 3, the rainfall simulation device comprises a rainfall framework 6, a replaceable spray head 7 arranged in the rainfall framework 6, a main water guide pipe 8, a plurality of auxiliary water guide pipes 9 communicated with the main water guide pipe 8, rollers 12 for realizing rainfall movement, fixed pulleys 13 and guide rails positioned at the top of the model box 1, the bottom surface of the rainfall framework 6 is the same as the top surface of the model box 1 in shape and size, the rollers 12 are arranged at the bottom surface of the rainfall framework 6, the rollers 12 are in sliding connection with slide rails, the fixed pulleys 13 are arranged at the outer top of the side surfaces of the model box 1, ropes 15 penetrate through the model box 1 and are connected with the rainfall simulation device, and the rainfall simulation device is.
As shown in fig. 4, the secondary water conduit 9 is connected in parallel with the sprinkler 7, the secondary water conduit 9 is connected with a water distribution pipe 10, a flowmeter 11 is connected between the water distribution pipe 10 and the secondary water conduit 9, each replaceable rainfall sprinkler 7 is provided with a precipitation valve 14 in the pipeline, the precipitation valve 14 is an electric ball valve, and the precipitation valve 14 is used for controlling the water yield of the sprinkler 7 so as to simulate the influence of partitioned rainfall, rainfall intensity, rainfall type and rainfall time on slope instability.
As shown in fig. 2, 5 and 6, the water level varying device includes a plurality of water injection pipes, and a plurality of through holes are provided on the soil guard plate 3 and/or the bottom plate 4, and the water injection pipes are slidably coupled in the through holes.
As shown in fig. 8, the water injection pipe includes a main supporting pipe 16 and a water outlet pipe 17, the main supporting pipe 16 is nested outside the water outlet pipe 17, the main supporting pipe 16 is provided with a plurality of pin holes along the axial direction, the peripheral surface of the water outlet pipe 17 is provided with radial spring pins 18, the spring pins 18 extend out of the main supporting pipe 16 from the pin holes, and the height of the water outlet pipe 17 and the main supporting pipe 16 is changed by the spring pins 18. The top of the main supporting pipe 16 is a conical opening, and the top of the main supporting pipe 16 adopts a regular triangle; the top of the water outlet pipe 17 is hermetically connected with the inner wall of the main supporting pipe 16 through a rubber threaded pipe 19, and the top of the main supporting pipe 16 is provided with a sealing nut 20; the water outlet pipe 17 is fixed on the soil guard plate 3 and the bottom plate 4.
As shown in fig. 7, the secondary water guiding pipe 9 is connected in parallel with the water level changing devices, and a water injection valve 21 is arranged in the pipeline of each water level changing device, the water injection valve 21 is an electric ball valve, and the water injection valve 21 is used for controlling the water output of the water outlet pipe 17.
The extension length of the main supporting pipe 16 is adjusted, water is injected from different positions in the test slope body, and the accurate adjustment of the hydrodynamic pressure, the pore water pressure and the like in the test slope body is realized, so that the slope body simulation test under different hydrogeological conditions is simulated.
The pressure measuring pipe 22 is installed at one side of the model box 1 and is used for observing the water level change in the test slope.
The water injection tank 23 is located on the side surface of the simulation tank, a water injection pump is arranged in the water injection tank 23, and the water injection pump is connected with the spray head 7 and the water injection pipe through a main water guide pipe 8.
As shown in fig. 9, the reservoir water level lifting device 5 is arranged on the side surface of the model box 1, the reservoir water level lifting device 5 is positioned on the hinged side of the bottom plate 4, the reservoir water level lifting device 5 comprises a reservoir water tank 24, a water baffle 25 and a water level sensor 26, the water baffle 25 is positioned on the side surface of the reservoir water tank 24 facing the hinged side of the bottom plate 4, the water baffle 25 is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet and the water outlet are communicated with the interior of the reservoir water tank 24, the water inlet and the water outlet are provided with sealing elements, and the sealing elements are made of rubber materials and are; a water level sensor 26 is fixed on the inner wall of the reservoir tank 24.
The water injection pump is communicated with the interior of the reservoir water tank 24 through a main water guide pipe 8 and an auxiliary water guide pipe 9, a water inlet valve 27 is arranged between the main water guide pipe 8 and the auxiliary water guide pipe 9 in the reservoir water level lifting device 5, and the water inlet valve 27 adopts an electric ball valve; a water suction pump 28 is arranged in the reservoir water tank 24, the water suction pump 28 is a bottom suction pump and is positioned at the bottom of the reservoir water tank 24, the water suction pump 28 is connected with a water suction pipe, and the free end of the water suction pipe extends out of the reservoir water tank 24.
When the simulation test is carried out by adopting the embodiment, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the operating lever is dragged to enable the rainfall simulation device to move to a position where rainfall is needed;
step two: sand and soil are paved in the model box layer by adopting a sand rain method.
Step three: when the filled soil reaches the set height of the slope body, the model box is lifted to a proper height through a lifting device below the model box so as to simulate the slope body with different angles.
Step four: pore water pressure, displacement, soil pressure and water content sensors are embedded in the slope body.
Step four: and the variable water level adjusting device injects water to different depth positions in the test slope body until the hydrodynamic pressure, the pore water pressure and the like in the test slope body reach appropriate numerical values so as to simulate the slope body adjusted by different hydrogeology.
Step five: and opening a sealing element inside the water baffle plate, and placing a water level sensor.
Step six: and simulating the rainfall condition through a rainfall system.
Step seven: and (5) starting the test, and collecting pore water pressure, displacement, soil pressure and water content data.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A geological disaster chain simulation test device is characterized by comprising a model box (1), a water injection tank (23), a pipeline, a lifting device (5), a rainfall simulation device and a water level changing device;
the model box (1) is a cuboid with a frame structure, the side surface of the model box (1) is provided with a soil retaining plate (3), the bottom surface of the model box (1) is provided with a bottom plate (4), one side of the bottom plate (4) is hinged with the side surface of the model box (1), the bottom plate (4) can be overturned around the hinged shaft, a lifting device (5) is connected below the bottom plate (4), and the lifting device (5) is positioned on the ground;
the rainfall simulation device is positioned at the top of the model box (1), and comprises a plurality of spray heads (7) facing the interior of the model box (1);
the water level changing device comprises a plurality of water injection pipes, a plurality of through holes are formed in the soil blocking plate (3) and/or the bottom plate (4), and the water injection pipes are connected in the through holes in a sliding mode;
the water injection tank (23) is positioned on the side surface of the simulation tank, a water injection pump is arranged in the water injection tank (23), and the water injection pump is connected with the spray head (7) and the water injection pipe through a pipeline.
2. A geological disaster chain simulation test device according to claim 1, wherein the water injection pipe comprises a main supporting pipe (16) and a water outlet pipe (17), the main supporting pipe (16) is embedded outside the water outlet pipe (17), the main supporting pipe (16) is provided with a plurality of pin holes along the axial direction, the circumferential surface of the water outlet pipe (17) is provided with radial spring pins (18), and the spring pins (18) extend out of the main supporting pipe (16) from the pin holes.
3. A geological disaster chain simulation test device as claimed in claim 2, wherein one end of a rubber threaded pipe (19) is hermetically connected to the top of the water outlet pipe (17), and the outer wall of the other end of the rubber threaded pipe (19) is hermetically connected with the inner wall of the top of the main supporting pipe (16).
4. A geological disaster chain simulation test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a water injection valve (21) is provided on the pipeline between the water injection pump and the water injection pipe.
5. A geological disaster chain simulation test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a pressure measuring pipe (22) is provided on the surface of the soil guard plate (3) facing the inside of the model box (1).
6. The geological disaster chain simulation test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a rainfall framework (6) is nested outside the rainfall simulation device, the shape and size of the bottom surface of the rainfall framework (6) are the same as those of the top surface of the model box (1), the top surface of the model box (1) is provided with a slide rail, the bottom surface of the rainfall framework (6) is provided with a roller (12), and the roller (12) is connected with the slide rail in a sliding manner.
7. A geological disaster chain simulation test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a flow meter (11) is arranged in each sprinkler (7).
8. A geological disaster chain simulation test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a downcomer valve (14) is arranged on the pipeline between the water injection pump and the water injection pipe.
9. The geological disaster chain simulation test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a reservoir water level lifting device (5) is arranged on the side surface of the model box (1), the reservoir water level lifting device (5) is arranged on the hinged side of the bottom plate (4), the reservoir water level lifting device (5) comprises a reservoir water tank (24), a water baffle (25) and a water level sensor (26), the water baffle (25) is arranged on the side surface of the reservoir water tank (24) facing the hinged side of the bottom plate (4), the water baffle (25) is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet and the water outlet are communicated with the interior of the reservoir water tank (24), and the water inlet and the water outlet are provided with sealing parts; the water injection pump is communicated with the interior of the reservoir water tank (24) through a pipeline; the water level sensor (26) is fixed on the inner wall of the reservoir water tank (24).
10. A geological disaster chain simulation test method based on the apparatus of any one of claims 1-9, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: sand and soil are paved in the model box (1) in a layered manner by adopting a sand rain method;
step two: when the filled soil reaches the set height of the slope body, the model box (1) is lifted to a proper height through a lifting device (5) below to simulate the slope body with different angles.
Step three: adjusting a variable water level device, and injecting water to different depth positions in the test slope body until the hydrodynamic pressure, the pore water pressure and the like in the test slope body reach required values so as to simulate the slope body under different hydrogeology adjustment;
step four: simulating a rainfall condition through a rainfall system;
and step five, collecting required data.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011627177.6A CN112634728A (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Geological disaster chain simulation test device and method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113990170A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-28 | 中南大学 | Rainwater analogue means for side slope experiments |
| CN117589969A (en) * | 2024-01-18 | 2024-02-23 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Geological disaster coupling simulation test system |
| CN118032277A (en) * | 2024-04-11 | 2024-05-14 | 成都理工大学 | Test system and method for simulating coupling of earthquake, rainfall and surge effects |
-
2020
- 2020-12-30 CN CN202011627177.6A patent/CN112634728A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113990170A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-28 | 中南大学 | Rainwater analogue means for side slope experiments |
| CN117589969A (en) * | 2024-01-18 | 2024-02-23 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Geological disaster coupling simulation test system |
| CN117589969B (en) * | 2024-01-18 | 2024-03-22 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Geological disaster coupling simulation test system |
| CN118032277A (en) * | 2024-04-11 | 2024-05-14 | 成都理工大学 | Test system and method for simulating coupling of earthquake, rainfall and surge effects |
| CN118032277B (en) * | 2024-04-11 | 2024-06-18 | 成都理工大学 | Test system and method for simulating coupling of earthquake, rainfall and surge effects |
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