CN102879284B - Triaxial-loading large three-dimensional similar simulation test sample box - Google Patents
Triaxial-loading large three-dimensional similar simulation test sample box Download PDFInfo
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- CN102879284B CN102879284B CN201210376480.2A CN201210376480A CN102879284B CN 102879284 B CN102879284 B CN 102879284B CN 201210376480 A CN201210376480 A CN 201210376480A CN 102879284 B CN102879284 B CN 102879284B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a triaxial-loading large three-dimensional similar simulation test sample box. The sample box is characterized in that a screw hole belt is arranged flexibly, and accordingly the sample box can be changed into different sizes, and different testing requirements are met. Complex distribution of coal seam stress of different top plates in motion stage in downhole digging process can be simulated, ore bed samples at large inclination angles are manufactured more conveniently and effectively, rock mass can be guaranteed to be stored under triaxial stress in the whole mining process, digging of underground space under more work conditions can be researched, height on the whole system surface is lowered, cost is lower, and a system is more stable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of test specimen case, particularly relate to a kind of analog simulation test test specimen case distributing for studying ore body rock mass stress.
Background technology
Equivalent Materials Testing is the laboratory procedure using similarity theory, scaling analysis as foundation, is widely used in the departments such as water conservancy, mining, geology, railway.The maximum feature of simulation test is to control artificially and to change test condition, thereby determine single factor or the multifactor rule on rock pressure [in mine impact, test effect is clear directly perceived, and the test period is short, instant effect, has brought into play huge effect in the research of mining science.Even today developing rapidly in the numerical simulation calculation science of rock mechanics, Equivalent Materials Testing is still irreplaceable research means in mining science research, it and increasingly mature Digital calculation modelling complement each other, for the difficult problem in human knowledge and customer service mining science plays an important role.
Before ore body is not exploited, rock mass is in equilibrium state.When after orebody mining, form the underground space, destroy the primary stress field of rock mass, cause rock mass stress redistribution, and till continuing up to the new balance of the interior formation of rock mass.In stress redistribution process, make country rock produce distortion, mobile, destruction, thereby workplace, tunnel and country rock are produced to pressure.A series of Mechanics Phenomenons that can produce under the effect of rock pressure [in mine---ore deposit is pressed and is manifested, as crush, base plate is heaved, the extrusion of coal wall caving, deformation of timbering, strata movement, coal etc.Superincumbent stratum after exploitation can be divided into caving zone, zone of fracture and bending subsidence band.
Three-dimensional analog simulation pilot system of the prior art, though deepened to a certain extent underground excavation project progress of research, but have the following disadvantages: 1) moulded dimension is less, geometric proportion while doing simulation test will be very little, finds in practice to do model test geometric proportion and cross young pathbreaker and can not well react the impact that brings of excavation; 2) moulded dimension is all can not adjusting of fixing, and this can cause, and geometric proportion is too little sometimes, causes sometimes the too large waste material in space; 3) add force direction single, be difficult to realize three-dimensional and load; 4) rock mass deformation monitoring mostly adopts foil gauge, and rock mass deformation data acquisition is accurate not; 5) ore bed excavation excavates after test specimen case must being opened manually, and this will cause unloading effect, not be inconsistent with actual condition; 6) install added process substantially by manual handling, be inconvenient to operate; 7) applied stress loading system mostly is manually, and therefore, stress loading process can not remain a constant speed, and its precision can not ensure, in addition, can not realize loading forms such as cyclic load.
Therefore it is variable, simple to operate and test accurately and reliably three-dimensional and load large-scale three dimensional analog simulation pilot system that those skilled in the art are devoted to develop a kind of moulded dimension, and a kind of test method for making sample, a kind of three-dimensional analog simulation test load analogy method, and a kind of three-dimensional loads large-scale three dimensional analog simulation test mining layer analogy method.
Summary of the invention
Because the above-mentioned defect of prior art, it is variable, simple to operate and test accurately and reliably three-dimensional and load large-scale three dimensional analog simulation pilot system that technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of moulded dimension, and a kind of test method for making sample, a kind of three-dimensional analog simulation test load analogy method, and a kind of three-dimensional loads large-scale three dimensional analog simulation test mining layer analogy method.
For realizing the goal of the invention of above-mentioned the first level, the invention provides a kind of three-dimensional and load large-scale three dimensional analog simulation pilot system, comprise test specimen case and counter force system, described test specimen case comprises base; The edge of described base is provided with and forms foursquare left screw band, right screw band, front screw band and rear bolt hole band; Described base has been bolted to connection left plate at described left screw band place, and at described front screw band, place has been bolted to connection front side board;
Between described right screw band and described left screw band, be provided with at least one first middle screw pore area; Between described rear bolt hole band and described front screw band, be provided with the second middle screw pore area corresponding with described the first middle screw pore area quantity, vertical connection; The the first middle screw pore area joining and the second middle screw pore area and described left screw band and front screw band form square; On described right screw band or arbitrary described the first middle screw pore area, be bolted to connection right plate; On the described rear bolt hole band joining with described right plate or arbitrary described the second middle screw pore area, be bolted to connection back side panel; On described back side panel, be provided with sensor wiring hole; The interval, outside of described back side panel is fixed with the first backing plate;
The inner side of described left plate has been bolted to connection left wedge; On described left plate, there is left gland by dividing equally region division; On described left wedge, be fixed with the quantity left depression bar corresponding with described left gland with position; Described left depression bar passes described left gland;
The inner side of described front side board has been bolted to connection front wedge; On described front side board, there is front gland by dividing equally region division; On described front wedge, be fixed with the quantity forward press corresponding with described front gland with position; Described forward press passes described front gland;
Described left wedge and described front wedge interval arrange;
Described counter force system comprises and is positioned at underground concrete counter-force pond; The bottom in described counter-force pond is provided with the first counter-force seat being fixedly connected with described counter-force pond; The right side of described the first counter-force seat is provided with the second counter-force seat; At the bottom of the pond in described the second counter-force seat and described counter-force pond, fix, and be bolted to connection with described the first counter-force seat simultaneously;
Described counter-force pond is provided with in the left side of described test specimen case with described the first counter-force seat and is fixedly connected with, and near the side heavy frame of concrete wall surface; On described side heavy frame, be fixed with the quantity left hydraulic cylinder corresponding with described left depression bar with position; Described counter-force pond is provided with on the right side of described test specimen case and the bolted reaction frame of described the second counter-force seat; Described reaction frame can be bolted to connection with described test specimen case;
The front portion of described the first counter-force seat is fixed with front column; One end face of described front column is near the concrete wall surface in described counter-force pond, and other end is fixed with the quantity front hydraulic cylinder corresponding with described forward press with position;
The rear portion of described the first counter-force seat is fixed with rear column; One end face of described rear column is near the concrete wall surface in described counter-force pond, and other end is fixed with the second backing plate that quantity is corresponding with described the first backing plate with position, also can be close to described the first backing plate;
Described front column and rear column connect as one structure by the fixing crossbeam in top; Uniformly on described crossbeam be provided with the upper hydraulic cylinder relative with described test specimen case;
Described simulation experiment system also comprises wedge; While carrying out analog simulation test, described wedge is passed to the loading force of described upper hydraulic cylinder on the analog material in described test specimen case.
For preventing that in loading procedure, three-dimensional power interferes, in short transverse, described front wedge is placed with the corner of described left wedge the first anti-interference seat contacting with left wedge with described front wedge; The inner side of described left wedge is placed with the second anti-interference seat; Described the first anti-interference seat and the second anti-interference seat interval arrange.
Preferably, described the first anti-interference seat is wedge structure away from described left wedge one end; Described the first anti-top of interfering seat is wedge structure; Described the second anti-interference plate is wedge structure near described front wedge one end.
For ease of mobile test specimen case, on described the first counter-force seat, be provided with rolling guide; Described test specimen case can be placed on described rolling guide; The left and right sides of described base is provided with pulling seat; Be provided with the haulage gear corresponding with described pulling seat in the left and right sides of described test specimen case.
Preferably, the left and right sides of described base is all arranged at intervals with two pulling seats; Described haulage gear comprises reductor; Described reductor is connected with the first end of the first reel by the first shaft coupling; The second end of described the first reel connects with the second reel by the second shaft coupling, transmission shaft and the 3rd shaft coupling; Described the first reel with on the second reel, be wound with the wire rope that can be connected with described pulling seat.
For simplifying the operation, the front side of described the second counter-force seat is provided with the first wire rope holder of the wire rope that can fix described the first reel; The rear side of described the second counter-force seat is provided with the second wire rope holder of the wire rope that can fix described the second reel.
Preferably, described wedge comprises upper plate and base plate, and described upper plate and base plate connect as one structure by riser; On described riser, be provided with gusset.
For ease of making the test specimen with inclination angle ore bed, the right side of described the second counter-force seat is provided with the 3rd counter-force seat; At the bottom of the pond in described the 3rd counter-force seat and described counter-force pond, fix, and be bolted to connection with described the second counter-force seat simultaneously;
The right-hand member of described the 3rd counter-force seat is arranged at intervals with the first hinged seat and the second hinged seat; The right-hand member setting of described base can be respectively and described the first hinged seat and hinged the 3rd hinged seat and the 4th hinged seat of the second hinged seat;
Described counter-force pond is respectively arranged with cylinder support at described the 3rd counter-force seat near the rear and front end of described the second counter-force seat one side; On described cylinder support, be hinged with oil cylinder; The piston rod end of described oil cylinder is hinged with thrust bearing; Described thrust bearing can be connected with the base of described test specimen case.
For ease of excavation simulation coal seam, on described front side board and back side panel, correspondence is provided with at least one row oil sac mounting hole.
For realizing the goal of the invention of the present invention's the second aspect, the invention provides a kind of three-dimensional and load large-scale three dimensional analog simulation test method for making sample, comprise the following steps:
(1) test specimen case is tilted, the inclination angle of test specimen case equals ore bed inclination;
(2) the underground pressure regularity of distribution is carried out to numerical simulation, according to analog result, draw the position of prefabricated test specimen pressure detection point layout pressure transducer;
(3) according to geometric similarity ratio, unit weight ratio of similitude, stress similitude than and strength similarity than the mechanical property parameter such as unit weight, compressive strength, a rate of advance that calculates model rock, stir with different ratios and appropriate water by river sand, gypsum, calcium carbonate, be made into multiple standard specimens air-dry under state of nature, uniaxial compressive strength to standard specimen is measured, contrast from the series of uniaxial compressive strength of different proportionings than the compressive strength calculating according to strength similarity, draw the best proportioning of each layer of analog material;
(4) according to best proportioning and the unit weight of each layering, calculate the required quality of each layered material, weigh up the quality of corresponding batching, various batchings are stirred, then add suitable quantity of water, stir immediately, prevent from condensing; After stirring, batching is sent in test specimen case, and compacting; On the surface between the layering of simulation ore bed, evenly shakedown one deck mica powder is as layering plane of weakness, floating by surface with wall cutter, plugs mark at the assigned address of each layering simultaneously; According to order, each layering is installed, until all rock stratum all install in test specimen case;
(5) in step (4), according to result placement sensor in test specimen of step (2), and oil sac simulation coal seam is set in test specimen, by the thickness in oil-filled amount control simulation coal seam, simulates coal seam excavation by draining;
(6) after analog material is dry, make test specimen case be returned to horizontal level.
Preferably, for the better distortion of observation rock stratum, because udec software is particularly suitable for simulating jointed rock system or discontinuous block aggregate ties up to the response under static(al) or dynamic load condition, therefore can utilize udec software to carry out numerical simulation to the deformation rule of rock stratum, crack extraction is carried out in the field, crack that logarithm value simulation forms, obtain crack and distribute, and on test specimen, arrange that according to the field, crack of extracting bore position holes.
For realizing the goal of the invention of the present invention's the 3rd aspect, the invention provides a kind of three-dimensional analog simulation test load analogy method, comprise the following steps:
(1) taking above-below direction as Z-direction, left and right directions be X to, fore-and-aft direction is Y-direction, adopts power control mode to load to horizontal on-load pressure, the horizontal on-load pressure of Y-direction, Z-direction vertical loading pressure X, loading sequence is:
A) load simultaneously X to Y-direction N(N be natural number) second, then load Z-direction N second;
B) repeating step a);
C) load simultaneously X to Y-direction 2N second, then load Z-direction 2N second;
D) repeating step c) reaches predetermined value to three-dimensional on-load pressure, and this predetermined value is the terrestrial stress of operating mode field measurement;
In step a)～d), loading speed is constant;
(2) keep load;
(3), as Z-direction vertical loading pressure >=5kN, when the instantaneous decline power >=0.3kN of Z-direction vertical loading pressure, three-dimensional loads and switches to displacement-control mode.
Preferably, in step (1), the power loading velocity scope of power control mode is 0.01kN/s-100kN/s, is generally preferably 0.05kN/s.
In step (3), the loading velocity scope of displacement-control mode is 0.1mm/min～100mm/min, is generally preferably 0.1mm/min.
For realizing the goal of the invention of the present invention's the 4th aspect, the invention provides a kind of three-dimensional and load large-scale three dimensional analog simulation test mining layer analogy method, comprise the following steps:
(1) make rock stratum test specimen, and some oil sacs are set in test specimen;
(2) extract the oil in oil sac by minipump, thereby form mined bed.The extraction speed of oil is determined according to aforementioned a rate of advance.The excavation of mined bed is realized by the oil extracting in oil sac, and a rate of advance is simulated by oil sac rate of pumping.If certain ore deposit one actual a rate of advance in coal seam is 3.6m/d, compare α according to geometric similarity
l=100, time similarity ratio
calculating model a rate of advance is 0.25mm/min, and because oil sac is in different size, rate of pumping scope is: 0.01L/min-0.5L/min.Rate of pumping is generally 0.025L/min-0.03L/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) the present invention can real simulation terrestrial stress three-dimensional stress state, in the time adopting moulded dimension 3000mm × 3000mm × 3000mm, vertical direction is arranged 9 lifting jack (each lifting jack load-carrying area 1000mm × 1000mm), two horizontal directions are all arranged the cost (each lifting jack load-carrying area 1000mm × 500mm) of 18 lifting jack, can realize the non-uniform loading to perpendicular stress and two horizontal direction upper stresses by many groups hydraulic jack like this, the complex distributions phenomenon of stress of coal seam when different top board operational phase in mining process under can simulation well.
(2) sample dimensions of the present invention is variable, can adopt a set of hardware system and simulate different coal seam situations, as 1000mm × 1000mm × 1000mm test specimen can be simulated roadway excavation situation; 2000mm × 2000mm × 2000mm test specimen can be simulated southwest thin seam situation; 3000mm × 3000mm × 3000mm test specimen can be simulated northern thick seam situation.
(3) angle of capable of regulating test specimen case of the present invention, therefore in the time making test specimen, can make test specimen case adjust to the horizontal windrow in inclination angle of ore bed, after material dries, again testing table be put back to horizontality, analog simulation testing table piled under level conditions that high spud angle ore bed is more convenient, better effects if more in the past.
(4) the present invention can adopt oil sac simulation mining layer, extracts air simulation mining coal mining in oil sac out.Can ensure that like this rock mass is all stored under three-dimensional stress condition in whole recovery process.
(5) load control mode of the present invention is power, the control of displacement closed-loop, power, displacement self-programming control model, and it is more flexible, more intelligent, more various that this compares analog simulation test unit load mode in the past, can study the Underground Space Excavation under multi-state more.
(6) to have half be underground to this pilot system, thereby reduced the height on whole system earth's surface, and utilize underground counter force wall, reduces cost, also makes system more stable.
(7) test specimen of the present invention is carried and is adopted belt feeder transmission, time saving and energy saving.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing at IV place in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the plan structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the E-E cutaway view Amplified image of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the left TV structure schematic diagram of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is the left TV structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is the partial enlarged drawing at III place in Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of test specimen case in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is the left TV structure schematic diagram of Fig. 8.
Figure 10 is the plan structure schematic diagram of Fig. 8.
Figure 11 is the partial enlarged drawing at I place in Figure 10.
Figure 12 is the partial enlarged drawing at II place in Figure 10.
Figure 13 is the structural representation of wedge in the utility model one embodiment.
Figure 14 is the plan structure schematic diagram of Figure 13.
Figure 15 is the left TV structure schematic diagram of Figure 13.
Figure 16 is the structural representation of haulage gear in the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:
As shown in Fig. 1 to Figure 16, a kind of three-dimensional loads large-scale three dimensional analog simulation pilot system, comprises test specimen case and counter force system.Test specimen case comprises base 1, and the edge of base 1 is provided with and forms foursquare left screw band 13, right screw band 14, front screw band 15 and rear bolt hole band 16.Base 1 has been bolted to connection left plate 3 at left screw band 13 places, and at front screw band, 15 places have been bolted to connection front side board 5.
Between right screw band 14 and left screw band 13, be provided with two the first middle screw pore areas 17, between rear bolt hole band 16 and front screw band 15, be provided with two respectively with the second middle screw pore area 18 of the first middle screw pore area 17 vertical connections, the first middle screw pore area 17 joining and the second middle screw pore area 18 form square with left screw band 13 and front screw band 15.
On right screw band 14 and two the first middle screw pore areas 17, all can be bolted to connection right plate 4, on the rear bolt hole band 16 joining with right plate 14 and two the second middle screw pore areas 18, all can be bolted to connection back side panel 6.
In the present embodiment, when right plate 4 is arranged at right screw band 14, back side panel 6 is arranged at rear bolt hole band 16, each side plate and base 1 can be encircled into the solid space of one 3000mm × 3000mm × 3000mm; When right plate 4 is arranged at the second middle screw pore area 18 after the first middle screw pore area 17, the back side panel 6 of keeping right are arranged at and lean on, each side plate and base 1 can be encircled into the solid space of one 2000mm × 2000mm × 2000mm; Be arranged at the second forward middle screw pore area 18 when right plate 4 is arranged at the first middle screw pore area 17, the back side panel 6 that keep left, each side plate and base 1 can be encircled into the solid space of one 1000mm × 1000mm × 1000mm.
In the present embodiment, each side plate is the split-type structural that can be bolted, so that test specimen case is spliced into different sizes.
In other embodiments, the position of the first middle screw pore area 17 and the second middle screw pore area 18 can be set as required flexibly, so that test specimen case is spliced into other sizes or other shapes.
On back side panel 6, be provided with sensor wiring hole 19, the interval, outside of back side panel 6 is fixed with the first backing plate 31.
The inner side of left plate 3 has been bolted to connection left wedge 7, on left plate 3, has left gland 9 by dividing equally region division, is fixed with quantity and the position left depression bar 8 corresponding with left gland 9 on left wedge 7, and left depression bar 8 passes left gland 9.As shown in Figure 9, left plate 3 is 3000mm × 3000mm, and it can be divided into the region of 9 1000mm × 1000mm, and each region division has two left glands 9.
The inner side of front side board 5 has been bolted to connection front wedge 10, on front side board 5, has front gland 11 by dividing equally region division; On front wedge 10, be fixed with quantity and the position forward press 12 corresponding with front gland 11; Forward press 12 passes front gland 11.As shown in Figure 8, front side board 5 is 3000mm × 3000mm, and it can be divided into the region of 9 1000mm × 1000mm, and each region division has two front glands 11.
Left wedge 7 arranges with front wedge 10 intervals.
Counter force system comprises and is positioned at underground concrete counter-force pond 23, the bottom in counter-force pond 23 is provided with the first counter-force seat 24a being fixedly connected with counter-force pond 23, the right side of the first counter-force seat 24a is provided with the second counter-force seat 24b, at the bottom of the pond in the second counter-force seat 24b and counter-force pond 23, fix, and be bolted to connection with the first counter-force seat 24a simultaneously.The both sides in counter-force pond 23 are provided with the stair 56 that are connected with ground, can be by the each parts in stair 56 installation and maintenance counter-force ponds 23.
Counter-force pond 23 is provided with in the left side of test specimen case with the first counter-force seat 24a and is fixedly connected with, and near the side heavy frame 26 of concrete wall surface, is fixed with quantity and the position left hydraulic cylinder 27 corresponding with left depression bar 8 on side heavy frame 26.Counter-force pond 23 is provided with the bolted reaction frame 28 with the second counter-force seat 24b on the right side of test specimen case, reaction frame 28 can be bolted to connection with test specimen case.
The front portion of the first counter-force seat 24a is fixed with front column 29, and an end face of front column 29 is near the concrete wall surface in counter-force pond 23, and other end is fixed with quantity and the position front hydraulic cylinder 30 corresponding with forward press 12.
The rear portion of the first counter-force seat 24a is fixed with rear column 33, and an end face of rear column 33 is near the concrete wall surface in counter-force pond 23, and other end is fixed with quantity and position is corresponding with the first backing plate 31, and can be close to the second backing plate 32 of the first backing plate 31.
Front column 29 and rear column 33 connect as one structure by the fixing crossbeam 55 in top, uniformly on crossbeam 55 are provided with the upper hydraulic cylinder 34 relative with test specimen case.
Simulation experiment system also comprises wedge 35, and while carrying out analog simulation test, wedge 35 is passed to the loading force of upper hydraulic cylinder 34 on the analog material in test specimen case.Wedge 35 comprises upper plate 35a and base plate 35b, and upper plate 35a and base plate 35b connect as one structure by riser 35c, are provided with gusset 35d on riser 35c.
In short transverse, front wedge 10 is placed with the corner of left wedge 7 the first anti-interference seat 20 contacting with left wedge 7 with front wedge 10, and the inner side of left wedge 7 is placed with the anti-interference seat 20 of the second anti-interference seat 21, the first and the second anti-interference seat 21 intervals arrange.
The first anti-interference seat 20 is wedge structure away from left wedge 7 one end; The first anti-top of interfering seat 20 is wedge structure; The second anti-interference plate 21 is wedge structure near front wedge 10 one end.
On the first counter-force seat 24a, be provided with rolling guide 25, test specimen case can be placed on rolling guide 25.
The left and right sides of base 1 is all arranged at intervals with two pulling seats 22; Be provided with the haulage gear corresponding with pulling seat 22 in the left and right sides of test specimen case.Haulage gear comprises reductor 36, and reductor 36 is connected with the first end of the first reel 38 by the first shaft coupling 37, and the second end of the first reel 38 connects with the second reel 42 by the second shaft coupling 39, transmission shaft 40 and the 3rd shaft coupling 41.The first reel 38 with on the second reel 42, be wound with the wire rope 43 that can be connected with pulling seat 22.
The front side of the second counter-force seat 24b is provided with the first wire rope holder 44 of the wire rope that can fix the first reel 38; The rear side of the second counter-force seat 24b is provided with the second wire rope holder 45 of the wire rope that can fix the second reel 42.
The right side of the second counter-force seat 24b is provided with the 3rd counter-force seat 24c, fixes, and be bolted to connection with the second counter-force seat 24b at the bottom of the pond in the 3rd counter-force seat 24c and counter-force pond 23 simultaneously.
The right-hand member of the 3rd counter-force seat 24c is arranged at intervals with the first hinged seat 46 and the second hinged seat 47, and the right-hand member setting of base 1 can be respectively and the first hinged seat 46 and hinged the 3rd hinged seat 48 and the 4th hinged seat 49 of the second hinged seat 47.
Counter-force pond 23 is respectively arranged with cylinder support 51 at the 3rd counter-force seat 24c near the rear and front end of the second counter-force seat 24b mono-side, is hinged with oil cylinder 52 on cylinder support 51.Piston rod 53 ends of oil cylinder 52 are hinged with thrust bearing 54, and thrust bearing 54 can be connected with the base of test specimen case 1.
On front side board 5 and back side panel 6, correspondence is provided with a row oil sac mounting hole 50.
This pilot system is carried out simulation test according to following steps:
(1) test specimen case is prepared: on right screw band 14, right plate 4 is installed, back side panel 6 is installed on rear bolt hole band 16, thereby obtain the test specimen case of 3000mm × 3000mm × 3000mm size; The base of test specimen case 1 is connected with thrust bearing 54, makes the first hinged seat 46 and the 3rd hinged seat 48 hinged simultaneously, the second hinged seat 47 and the 4th hinged seat 49 are hinged; Test specimen case is arrived to the required ore bed inclination θ of test by piston rod 53 jackings of oil cylinder 52, as shown in Figure 1.The size of the test specimen that the concrete size of test specimen case is tested as required and determining.
(2) test material preparation: comsol is taking finite element method as basis, realize the emulation of actual physical phenomenon by solving partial differential equation (single game) or partial differential equations (many), be widely used in fields such as fluid dynamics, geoscience, porous medium, structural mechanics, transmission phenomenon, wave propagations at present, it is feasible therefore underground pressure field distribution rule being carried out to comsol simulation.Utilize comsol numerical simulation software to carry out numerical simulation to the underground pressure regularity of distribution, so that each pressure transducer can measure the stress distribution of rock stratum more accurately, according to the analog result of comsol numerical simulation software, draw the particular location of test specimen pressure detection point layout pressure transducer, according to geometric similarity ratio, unit weight ratio of similitude, stress similitude ratio and strength similarity are than the unit weight that calculates model rock, compressive strength, the mechanical property parameters such as a rate of advance, by river sand, gypsum, calcium carbonate stirs with different ratios and appropriate water, be made into multiple standard specimens air-dry under state of nature, uniaxial compressive strength to standard specimen is measured, the series of uniaxial compressive strength contrast from different proportionings than the compressive strength calculating according to strength similarity, draw the best proportioning of each layer of analog material, according to best proportioning and the unit weight of each layering, calculate the required quality of each layered material, weigh up the quality of corresponding batching, various batchings are stirred, add again suitable quantity of water, stir immediately, prevent from condensing, after stirring, batching is sent in test specimen case, and compacting, on the surface between the layering of simulation ore bed, evenly shakedown one deck mica powder is as layering plane of weakness, floating by surface with wall cutter, plugs mark at the assigned address of each layering simultaneously, according to order, each layering is installed by above step, until all rock stratum all install in test specimen case, meanwhile, according to the analog result placement sensor of comsol numerical simulation software, and according to the position of each oil sac mounting hole 50, oil sac simulation coal seam is set in test specimen, by the thickness in oil-filled amount control simulation coal seam, simulates coal seam excavation by draining, the piston rod 53 of replying oil cylinder 52 after analog material is dry, makes test specimen case be returned to horizontal level.
On the other hand, udec aly utilizes the explicit scheme of solving a problem to provide the instrument of accurately effectively analyzing for Geotechnical Engineering, the explicit scheme of solving a problem provides stable solution for unstable physical process, and destructive process that can simulated object, this software is particularly suitable for simulating jointed rock system or discontinuous block aggregate ties up to the response under static(al) or dynamic load condition.Utilize udec numerical simulation software to carry out numerical simulation to the rock deformation rule of rock stratum, crack extraction is carried out in the field, crack that udec numerical simulation software is formed, and obtains crack and distributes, and on test specimen, arrange that according to the field, crack of extracting bore position holes.
(3) load: in boring, place television imager; Take the base 1 and thrust bearing 54 of test specimen case apart, take the first hinged seat 46 and the 3rd hinged seat 48, the second hinged seats 47 and the 4th hinged seat 49 simultaneously apart; Test specimen case is sent into the first counter-force seat 24a by haulage gear upper, and fixing test specimen case; Reaction frame 28 is installed; Taking above-below direction as Z-direction, left and right directions be X to, fore-and-aft direction is Y-direction, adopts power control mode to load to horizontal on-load pressure, the horizontal on-load pressure of Y-direction, Z-direction vertical loading pressure X, loading sequence is:
A) load simultaneously X to Y-direction 10 seconds, then load Z-direction 10 seconds; Loading speed is constant is 0.05kN/s;
B) repeating step a);
C) load simultaneously X to Y-direction 20 seconds, then load Z-direction 20 seconds; Loading speed is constant is 0.05kN/s;
D) repeating step c) reaches predetermined value to three-dimensional on-load pressure, and this predetermined value is the terrestrial stress of operating mode field measurement, is 20KN in the present embodiment;
E) keep load;
F) as Z-direction vertical loading pressure >=5kN, when the instantaneous decline power >=0.3kN of Z-direction vertical loading pressure, three-dimensional loads and switches to displacement-control mode, and loading velocity is 0.1mm/min.
(4) excavate and observe: the excavation in coal seam extracts the oil in oil sac by minipump.Because exploitation forms goaf, rock stratum can deform under the effect of terrestrial stress, even destroys.By data acquisition system (DAS) be used for gathering rock stratum at recovery process due to being caving highly of the deflection of the terrane stress of the lower rock stratum different aspects of terrestrial stress (external force and self gravitation) effect, each measuring point, overlying strata, disrumpent feelings and absciss layer; Observe height, the crack number of unit thickness etc. in absciss layer crack in the distribution range, unit thickness rock stratum in crack by drilling television imager.
Extract the oil in oil sac by minipump, thereby form mined bed.The extraction speed of oil is determined according to aforementioned a rate of advance.The excavation of mined bed is realized by the oil extracting in oil sac, and a rate of advance is simulated by oil sac rate of pumping.If certain ore deposit one actual a rate of advance in coal seam is 3.6m/d, compare α according to geometric similarity
l=100, time similarity ratio
calculating model a rate of advance is 0.25mm/min, and because oil sac is in different size, rate of pumping scope is: 0.01L/min-0.5L/min, is preferably 0.025L/min-0.03L/min conventionally.In the present embodiment, smoking speed is 0.028L/min.
In step (3), according to research needs, can arrange Different Loading Method and hold time, if research rock mass is lax, use at the very start displacement controlled loading, displacement is reached to predetermined value.
In step (3), different and different wait the number percent that excavates the peak stress that time that ore bed causes that rock mass destroys unstability under pre-constant load can bear after reaching rock excavation according to predetermined payload values, load keeps stable during this period, until Instability of Rock Body.
In step (3), because predetermined load before cannot bearing after Instability of Rock Body, but rock mass still also has certain load-bearing capacity, switches to after the loading of position, can study the stress-strain feature of Instability of Rock Body, this is to instructing engineering practice to have certain directive significance.
In the present embodiment, other two particular locations of installing according to right plate 4 and back side panel 6, can obtain the test specimen case of 1000mm × 1000mm × 1000mm or 2000mm × 2000mm × 2000mm size, but this do not affect follow-up test operation.But because test specimen case size is less, may affect the loading of hydraulic cylinder in size decreases direction, therefore backing plate power transmission can be set in respective direction, to reach essentially identical technique effect.
More than describe preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail.Should be appreciated that those of ordinary skill in the art just can design according to the present invention make many modifications and variations without creative work.Therefore, all technician in the art, all should be in by the determined protection domain of claims under this invention's idea on the basis of existing technology by the available technical scheme of logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment.
Claims (4)
1. three-dimensional loads a large-scale three dimensional analog simulation test test specimen case, it is characterized in that:
Comprise base (1); The edge of described base (1) is provided with and forms foursquare left screw band (13), right screw band (14), front screw band (15) and rear bolt hole band (16); Described base (1) locates to be bolted to connection left plate (3) at described left screw band (13), locates to be bolted to connection front side board (5) at described front screw band (15);
Between described right screw band (14) and described left screw band (13), be provided with at least one first middle screw pore area (17); Between described rear bolt hole band (16) and described front screw band (15), be provided with the second middle screw pore area (18) corresponding with described the first middle screw pore area (17) quantity, vertical connection; The the first middle screw pore area (17) joining and the second middle screw pore area (18) form square with described left screw band (13) and front screw band (15); On described right screw band (14) or arbitrary described the first middle screw pore area (17), be bolted to connection right plate (4); On the described rear bolt hole band (16) joining with described right plate (14) or arbitrary described the second middle screw pore area (18), be bolted to connection back side panel (6); On described back side panel (6), be provided with sensor wiring hole (19); The interval, outside of described back side panel (6) is fixed with the first backing plate (31);
The inner side of described left plate (3) has been bolted to connection left wedge (7); Described left plate (3) is upper has left gland (9) by dividing equally region division; On described left wedge (7), be fixed with quantity and the position left depression bar (8) corresponding with described left gland (9); Described left depression bar (8) passes described left gland (9);
The inner side of described front side board (5) has been bolted to connection front wedge (10); Described front side board (5) is upper has front gland (11) by dividing equally region division; On described front wedge (10), be fixed with quantity and the position forward press (12) corresponding with described front gland (11); Described forward press (12) passes described front gland (11);
Described left wedge (7) arranges with described front wedge (10) interval.
2. three-dimensional as claimed in claim 1 loads large-scale three dimensional analog simulation test test specimen case, it is characterized in that: in short transverse, described front wedge (10) is placed with the corner of described left wedge (7) the first anti-interference seat (20) contacting with left wedge (7) with described front wedge (10); The inner side of described left wedge (7) is placed with the second anti-interference seat (21); Described the first anti-interference seat (20) and second anti-interference seat (21) interval arrange.
3. three-dimensional as claimed in claim 2 loads large-scale three dimensional analog simulation test test specimen case, it is characterized in that: described the first anti-interference seat (20) is wedge structure away from described left wedge (7) one end; Described the first anti-top of interfering seat (20) is wedge structure; Described the second anti-interference plate (21) is wedge structure near described front wedge (10) one end.
4. the three-dimensional as described in as arbitrary in claims 1 to 3 loads large-scale three dimensional analog simulation test test specimen case, it is characterized in that: described front side board (5) and back side panel (6) are gone up correspondence and be provided with at least one row oil sac mounting hole (50).
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| CN108344639A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-07-31 | 东北大学 | A kind of large-scale three dimensional physical model is protected carry pilot system and method for a long time |
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| CN108593430A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-09-28 | 中国矿业大学 | Spatial gradient stress reconstruction device, method and coal petrography mechanical characteristic experimental method |
| CN111812022B (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2024-04-05 | 重庆大学 | System and method for visualizing three-dimensional strain field of coal and rock under complex geological structure |
| CN112798443B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2023-06-09 | 河北工业大学 | Rock single-shaft tension-compression test device capable of realizing tension-compression continuous transformation |
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