CN102879549B - Three-way load large-scale three-dimensional analog simulation test system - Google Patents
Three-way load large-scale three-dimensional analog simulation test system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102879549B CN102879549B CN201210376520.3A CN201210376520A CN102879549B CN 102879549 B CN102879549 B CN 102879549B CN 201210376520 A CN201210376520 A CN 201210376520A CN 102879549 B CN102879549 B CN 102879549B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-way load large-scale three-dimensional analog simulation test system. The system comprises a test piece box and a counter-force system. The test piece box can change into different sizes through the flexible arrangement of a screw hole belt, different testing requirements are met, and the counter-force system comprises a concrete counter-force pool which is located under the ground and a counter-force which is fixed with the counter-force pool. According to the system, complex distribution phenomena of coal seam stress in different moving stages of top plates during underground mining can be simulated, the method is convenient to produce high inclination-angle ledge test pieces, the effect is good, during the overall mining process, rock mass exists under the condition of three-dimensional stress, underground space excavation under multiple working conditions can be studied, the height of the whole system above the ground surface is reduced, the construction cost is low, and the system is stable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of simulation experiment system, particularly relating to a kind of resemble simulation test system for studying the distribution of ore body rock mass stress.
Background technology
Equivalent Materials Testing is using similarity theory, scaling analysis as the laboratory procedure of foundation, is widely used in the departments such as water conservancy, mining, geology, railway.The maximum feature of simulation test to control artificially and to change test condition, thus determine single factor test or the multifactor rule on rock pressure [in mine impact, test effect is clear directly perceived, and the test period is short, instant effect, has played huge effect in the research of mining science.Even if in today that the numerical simulation calculation science of rock mechanics develops rapidly, Equivalent Materials Testing is still irreplaceable research means in mining science research, it and increasingly mature Digital calculation modelling complement each other, for the difficult problem in human knowledge and customer service mining science plays an important role.
Before ore body is not exploited, rock mass is in equilibrium state.When after orebody mining, define the underground space, destroy the primary stress field of rock mass, cause rock mass stress to redistribute, and till continuing up to the balance that in rock mass, formation is new.In stress redistribution process, make country rock produce distortion, mobile, destruction, thus pressure is produced to workplace, tunnel and country rock.A series of Mechanics Phenomenons that can produce under the effect of rock pressure [in mine---ore deposit pressure manifests, and as crushed, base plate heaves, the extrusion etc. of coal wall caving, deformation of timbering, strata movement, coal.Superincumbent stratum after exploitation can be divided into caving zone, zone of fracture and warp damage.
Three-dimensional resemble simulation test system of the prior art, though deepened underground excavation project progress of research to a certain extent, but have the following disadvantages: 1) moulded dimension is less, geometric proportion when doing simulation test will be very little, finds to do model test geometric proportion in practice and cross young pathbreaker and well can not react and excavate the impact that brings; 2) moulded dimension is all fixing can not adjusting, and this can cause geometric proportion sometimes too little, causes the too large waste material in space sometimes; 3) add force direction single, be difficult to realize three-dimensional and load; 4) rock mass deformation monitoring mostly adopts foil gauge, and rock mass deformation data acquisition is accurate not; 5) ore bed excavation excavates after test piece box must being opened manually, and this will cause unloading effect, not be inconsistent with actual condition; 6) the added process of device is carried substantially by hand, is inconvenient to operate; 7) the stress loading system applied mostly is manual, and therefore, stress loading process can not remain a constant speed, and its precision can not ensure, in addition, the loading forms such as such as cyclic load can not realize.
Therefore those skilled in the art to be devoted to develop a kind of moulded dimension variable, simple to operate and test three-dimensional accurately and reliably and load large-scale three dimensional resemble simulation test system, and a kind of test method for making sample, a kind of load simulated method of three-dimensional resemble simulation test, and a kind of three-dimensional loads large-scale three dimensional resemble simulation test mined bed analogy method.
Summary of the invention
Because the above-mentioned defect of prior art, it is variable, simple to operate and test three-dimensional accurately and reliably and load large-scale three dimensional resemble simulation test system that technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of moulded dimension, and a kind of test method for making sample, a kind of load simulated method of three-dimensional resemble simulation test, and a kind of three-dimensional loads large-scale three dimensional resemble simulation test mined bed analogy method.
For realizing the goal of the invention of above-mentioned the first level, the invention provides a kind of three-dimensional and load large-scale three dimensional resemble simulation test system, comprise test piece box and counter force system, described test piece box comprises base; The edge of described base is provided with and forms foursquare left screw band, right screw band, front screw band and rear bolt hole band; Described base has been bolted to connection left plate at described left screw band place, has been bolted to connection front side board at described front screw band place;
At least one first middle screw pore area is provided with between described right screw band and described left screw band; The second middle screw pore area that is corresponding with described first middle screw pore area quantity, vertical connection is provided with between described rear bolt hole band with described front screw band; The the first middle screw pore area connected and the second middle screw pore area and described left screw band and right screw band form square; Described right screw band or arbitrary described first middle screw pore area have been bolted to connection right plate; The described rear bolt hole band connected with described right plate or arbitrary described second middle screw pore area have been bolted to connection back side panel; Described back side panel is provided with sensor wiring hole; The outside spacers of described back side panel is fixed with the first backing plate;
The inner side of described left plate has been bolted to connection left wedge; Described left plate is provided with left gland by equal subregion; Described left wedge is fixed with the left depression bar that quantity is corresponding with described left gland with position; Described left depression bar passes described left gland;
The inner side of described front side board has been bolted to connection front wedge; Described front side board is provided with front gland by equal subregion; Described front wedge is fixed with the forward press that quantity is corresponding with described front gland with position; Described forward press passes described front gland;
Described left wedge and described front wedge interval are arranged;
Described counter force system comprises and is positioned at underground concrete counter-force pond; The bottom in described counter-force pond is provided with the first counter-force seat be fixedly connected with described counter-force pond; The right side of described first counter-force seat is provided with the second counter-force seat; Fix at the bottom of the pond in described second counter-force seat and described counter-force pond, and be bolted to connection with described first counter-force seat simultaneously;
Described counter-force pond is provided with in the left side of described test piece box and is fixedly connected with described first counter-force seat, and near the side heavy frame of concrete wall surface; Described side heavy frame is fixed with the left hydraulic cylinder that quantity is corresponding with described left depression bar with position; Described counter-force pond is provided with on the right side of described test piece box and the bolted reaction frame of described second counter-force seat; Described reaction frame can be bolted to connection with described test piece box;
The front portion of described first counter-force seat is fixed with front column; One end face of described front column is near the concrete wall surface in described counter-force pond, and other end is fixed with the quantity front hydraulic cylinder corresponding with described forward press with position;
The rear portion of described first counter-force seat is fixed with rear column; One end face of described rear column is near the concrete wall surface in described counter-force pond, and it is corresponding with described first backing plate with position and can be close to the second backing plate of described first backing plate that other end is fixed with quantity;
Described front column and rear column connect as one structure by the crossbeam that top is fixing; Uniformly on described crossbeam be provided with the upper hydraulic cylinder relative with described test piece box;
Described simulation experiment system also comprises wedge; When carrying out resemble simulation test, the loading force of described upper hydraulic cylinder is passed on the analog material in described test piece box by described wedge.
For preventing three axis force in loading procedure from interfering, in the height direction, described front wedge and the corner of described left wedge are placed with the first anti-interference seat contacted with left wedge with described front wedge; The inner side of described left wedge is placed with the second anti-interference seat; Described first anti-interference seat and the second anti-interference seat interval are arranged.
Preferably, described first anti-interference seat is wedge structure away from described left wedge one end; The top of described first anti-interference seat is wedge structure; Described second anti-interference plate is wedge structure near described front wedge one end.
For ease of mobile test piece box, described first counter-force seat is provided with rolling guide; Described test piece box can be placed on described rolling guide; The left and right sides of described base is provided with pulling seat; The left and right sides of described test piece box is provided with the haulage gear corresponding with described pulling seat.
Preferably, the left and right sides of described base is all arranged at intervals with two pulling seats; Described haulage gear comprises reductor; Described reductor is connected with the first end of the first reel by the first shaft coupling; Second end of described first reel is connected with the second reel by the second shaft coupling, transmission shaft and the 3rd shaft coupling; Described first reel with the second reel is wound with the wire rope that can be connected with described pulling seat.
For simplifying the operation, the front side of described second counter-force seat is provided with the first wire rope holder of the wire rope can fixing described first reel; The rear side of described second counter-force seat is provided with the second wire rope holder of the wire rope can fixing described second reel.
Preferably, described wedge comprises upper plate and base plate, and described upper plate and base plate connect as one structure by riser; Described riser is provided with gusset.
For ease of making the test specimen with inclination angle ore bed, the right side of described second counter-force seat is provided with the 3rd counter-force seat; Fix at the bottom of the pond in described 3rd counter-force seat and described counter-force pond, and be bolted to connection with described second counter-force seat simultaneously;
The right-hand member of described 3rd counter-force seat is arranged at intervals with the first hinged seat and the second hinged seat; The right-hand member of described base arrange can respectively with described first hinged seat and hinged the 3rd hinged seat of the second hinged seat and the 4th hinged seat;
Described counter-force pond is respectively arranged with cylinder support at described 3rd counter-force seat near the rear and front end of described second counter-force seat side; Described cylinder support is hinged with oil cylinder; The piston rod end of described oil cylinder is hinged with thrust bearing; Described thrust bearing can be connected with the base of described test piece box.
For ease of excavation simulation coal seam, on described front side board and back side panel, correspondence is provided with at least one row oil sac mounting hole.
For realizing the goal of the invention of the present invention second aspect, the invention provides a kind of three-dimensional and loading large-scale three dimensional resemble simulation test method for making sample, comprising the following steps:
(1) test piece box is tilted, the inclination angle of test piece box equals ore bed inclination;
(2) numerical simulation is carried out to the underground pressure regularity of distribution, according to analog result, show that prefabricated test specimen pressure detection point arranges the position of pressure transducer;
(3) according to geometric similarity ratio, unit weight ratio of similitude, stress similitude ratio and strength similarity than the mechanical property parameter such as unit weight, compressive strength, a rate of advance calculating model rock, stirred with different ratios and appropriate water by river sand, gypsum, calcium carbonate, be made into multiple standard specimen also air-dry in its natural state, the uniaxial compressive strength of standard specimen is measured, contrast according to the series of uniaxial compressive strength of strength similarity than the compressive strength calculated and different ratio, draw the optimum proportioning of each layer analog material;
(4) according to optimum proportioning and the unit weight of each layering, calculate quality needed for each layered material, weigh up the quality of corresponding batching, various batching is stirred, then adds suitable quantity of water, stir immediately, prevent condensation; After stirring, batching is sent in test piece box, and tamps; On surface between the layering of simulation ore bed, evenly shakedown one deck mica powder is as layering plane of weakness, with wall cutter, surface is floating, plugs mark at the assigned address of each layering simultaneously; According to order, each layering is installed, until all rock stratum all install in test piece box;
(5) in step (4), according to result placement sensor in test specimen of step (2), and oil sac simulation coal seam is set in test specimen, by the thickness in oil-filled amount control simulation coal seam, by draining simulation coal seam excavation;
(6) after analog material drying, test piece box is made to be returned to horizontal level.
Preferably, for better observing the distortion of rock stratum, response under static(al) or dynamic load condition is tied up to because udec software is particularly suitable for simulating jointed rock system or discontinuous block aggregate, therefore udec software can be utilized to carry out numerical simulation to the deformation rule of rock stratum, the crack field that logarithm value simulation is formed carries out crack extraction, obtain fractured zones, and on test specimen, arrange that bore position is holed according to the crack field extracted.
For realizing the goal of the invention in third layer face of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of load simulated method of three-dimensional resemble simulation test, comprising the following steps:
(1) take above-below direction as Z-direction, left and right directions be X to, fore-and-aft direction is Y-direction, and adopt power control mode to load to horizontal addload pressure, Y-direction horizontal addload pressure, Z-direction vertical loading pressure X, loading sequence is:
A) load X to being natural number with Y-direction N(N simultaneously) second, then load Z-direction N second;
B) step a) is repeated;
C) load simultaneously X to Y-direction 2N second, then load Z-direction 2N second;
D) repeat step c) and reach predetermined value to three-dimensional on-load pressure, this predetermined value is the terrestrial stress of operating mode field measurement;
Step a) ~ d) in, loading speed is constant;
(2) load is kept;
(3), as Z-direction vertical loading pressure >=5kN, during the instantaneous down-force >=0.3kN of Z-direction vertical loading pressure, three-dimensional loads and switches to displacement-control mode.
Preferably, in step (1), the power loading velocity scope of power control mode is 0.01kN/s-100kN/s, is generally preferably 0.05kN/s.
In step (3), the loading velocity scope of displacement-control mode is 0.1mm/min ~ 100mm/min, is generally preferably 0.1mm/min.
For realizing the goal of the invention of the present invention the 4th aspect, the invention provides a kind of three-dimensional and loading large-scale three dimensional resemble simulation test mined bed analogy method, comprising the following steps:
(1) make rock stratum test specimen, and some oil sacs are set in test specimen;
(2) extract the oil in oil sac by minipump, thus form mined bed.The extraction speed of oil is determined according to aforementioned a rate of advance.The excavation of mined bed is realized by the oil extracted in oil sac, and a rate of advance is simulated by oil sac rate of pumping.If certain actual a rate of advance in coal seam, ore deposit one is 3.6m/d, compare α according to geometric similarity
1=100, time similarity ratio
calculating model a rate of advance is 0.25mm/min, and because oil sac is in different size, rate of pumping scope is: 0.01L/min-0.5L/min.Rate of pumping is generally 0.025L/min-0.03L/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) the present invention can real simulation terrestrial stress three-dimensional stress state, when adopting moulded dimension 3000mm × 3000mm × 3000mm, vertical direction arranges 9 lifting jack (each lifting jack load-carrying area 1000mm × 1000mm), two horizontal directions all arrange the cost (each lifting jack load-carrying area 1000mm × 500mm) of 18 lifting jack, non-uniform loading to perpendicular stress and two horizontal direction upper stresses can be achieved like this by many group hydraulic jack, can the complex distributions phenomenon of stress of coal seam under simulation well in mining process during different top board operational phase.
(2) sample dimensions of the present invention is variable, can adopt a set of hardware system and simulate different coal seam situations, as 1000mm × 1000mm × 1000mm test specimen can simulate roadway excavation situation; 2000mm × 2000mm × 2000mm test specimen can simulate southwest thin seam situation; 3000mm × 3000mm × 3000mm test specimen can simulate northern thick seam situation.
(3) angle of adjustable test piece box of the present invention, therefore when making test specimen, test piece box can be made to adjust to the horizontal windrow in inclination angle of ore bed, again testing table is put back to horizontality after material dries, resemble simulation test platform piled under level conditions that high spud angle ore bed is more convenient, better effects if more in the past.
(4) the present invention can adopt oil sac simulation mining layer, extracts air simulation mining coal mining in oil sac out.Can ensure like this in whole recovery process, under rock mass is all stored in three-dimensional stress condition.
(5) load control mode of the present invention is power, displacement full closed loop control, power, displacement self-programming control model, and it is more flexible, more intelligent, more various that this compares resemble simulation test device load mode in the past, can study the Underground Space Excavation under more multi-state.
(6) this pilot system has half to be in underground, thus reduces the height on whole system earth's surface, and utilizes the counter force wall of underground, reduces cost, also makes system more stable.
(7) test specimen conveying of the present invention adopts belt feeder transmission, time saving and energy saving.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing at IV place in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the plan structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the E-E cutaway view Amplified image of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the left TV structure schematic diagram of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is the left TV structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is the partial enlarged drawing at III place in Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of test piece box in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is the left TV structure schematic diagram of Fig. 8.
Figure 10 is the plan structure schematic diagram of Fig. 8.
Figure 11 is the partial enlarged drawing at I place in Figure 10.
Figure 12 is the partial enlarged drawing at II place in Figure 10.
Figure 13 is the structural representation of wedge in the embodiment of the invention.
Figure 14 is the plan structure schematic diagram of Figure 13.
Figure 15 is the left TV structure schematic diagram of Figure 13.
Figure 16 is the structural representation of haulage gear in the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:
As shown in Fig. 1 to Figure 16, a kind of three-dimensional loads large-scale three dimensional resemble simulation test system, comprises test piece box and counter force system.Test piece box comprises base 1, and the edge of base 1 is provided with and forms foursquare left screw band 13, right screw band 14, front screw band 15 and rear bolt hole band 16.Base 1 has been bolted to connection left plate 3 at left screw band 13 place, has been bolted to connection front side board 5 at front screw band 15 place.
Two the first middle screw pore areas 17 are provided with between right screw band 14 and left screw band 13, be provided with between rear bolt hole band 16 and front screw band 15 two respectively with the second middle screw pore area 18 of the first middle screw pore area 17 vertical connection, the first middle screw pore area 17 connected and the second middle screw pore area 18 form square with left screw band 13 and right screw band 14.
Right screw band 14 is all fixedly connected with right plate 4 by bolt with on two the first middle screw pore areas 17, and the rear bolt hole band 16 connected with right plate 14 is all fixedly connected with back side panel 6 by bolt with on two the second middle screw pore areas 18.
In the present embodiment, when right plate 4 be arranged at right screw band 14, back side panel 6 is arranged at rear bolt hole band 16, then each side plate and base 1 can be encircled into the solid space of a 3000mm × 3000mm × 3000mm; Be arranged at the second middle screw pore area 18 rearward when right plate 4 is arranged at the first middle screw pore area 17, the back side panel 6 of keeping right, then each side plate and base 1 can be encircled into the solid space of a 2000mm × 2000mm × 2000mm; Be arranged at the second forward middle screw pore area 18 when right plate 4 is arranged at the first middle screw pore area 17, the back side panel 6 that keep left, then each side plate and base 1 can be encircled into the solid space of a 1000mm × 1000mm × 1000mm.
In the present embodiment, each side plate is by bolted split-type structural, so that test piece box is spliced into different sizes.
In other embodiments, the position of the first middle screw pore area 17 and the second middle screw pore area 18 can be set as required flexibly, be spliced into other sizes or other shapes to make test piece box.
Back side panel 6 is provided with sensor wiring hole 19, the outside spacers of back side panel 6 is fixed with the first backing plate 31.
The inner side of left plate 3 has been bolted to connection left wedge 7, and left plate 3 is provided with left gland 9 by equal subregion, and left wedge 7 is fixed with quantity and the position left depression bar 8 corresponding with left gland 9, left depression bar 8 passes left gland 9.As shown in Figure 9, left plate 3 is 3000mm × 3000mm, and it can be divided into the region of 9 1000mm × 1000mm, and each region is provided with two left glands 9.
The inner side of front side board 5 has been bolted to connection front wedge 10, and front side board 5 is provided with front gland 11 by equal subregion; Front wedge 10 is fixed with quantity and the position forward press 12 corresponding with front gland 11; Forward press 12 passes front gland 11.As shown in Figure 8, front side board 5 is 3000mm × 3000mm, and it can be divided into the region of 9 1000mm × 1000mm, and each region is provided with two front glands 11.
Left wedge 7 and front wedge 10 interval are arranged.
Counter force system comprises and is positioned at underground concrete counter-force pond 23, the bottom in counter-force pond 23 is provided with the first counter-force seat 24a be fixedly connected with counter-force pond 23, the right side of the first counter-force seat 24a is provided with the second counter-force seat 24b, fix at the bottom of the pond in the second counter-force seat 24b and counter-force pond 23, and be bolted to connection with the first counter-force seat 24a simultaneously.The both sides in counter-force pond 23 are provided with the stair 56 be connected with ground, by each parts in stair 56 installation and maintenance counter-force pond 23.
Counter-force pond 23 is provided with in the left side of test piece box and is fixedly connected with the first counter-force seat 24a, and near the side heavy frame 26 of concrete wall surface, side heavy frame 26 is fixed with quantity and the position left hydraulic cylinder 27 corresponding with left depression bar 8.Counter-force pond 23 is provided with on the right side of test piece box and the bolted reaction frame 28 of the second counter-force seat 24b, and reaction frame 28 can be bolted to connection with test piece box.
The front portion of the first counter-force seat 24a is fixed with front column 29, and an end face of front column 29 is near the concrete wall surface in counter-force pond 23, and other end is fixed with quantity and the position front hydraulic cylinder 30 corresponding with forward press 12.
The rear portion of the first counter-force seat 24a is fixed with rear column 33, an end face of rear column 33 near the concrete wall surface in counter-force pond 23, other end be fixed with quantity and position corresponding with the first backing plate 31 and the second backing plate 32 of the first backing plate 31 can be close to.
Front column 29 and rear column 33 connect as one structure by the crossbeam 55 that top is fixing, uniformly on crossbeam 55 are provided with the upper hydraulic cylinder 34 relative with test piece box.
Simulation experiment system also comprises wedge 35, and when carrying out resemble simulation test, the loading force of upper hydraulic cylinder 34 is passed on the analog material in test piece box by wedge 35.Wedge 35 comprises upper plate 35a and base plate 35b, and upper plate 35a and base plate 35b connects as one structure by riser 35c, riser 35c is provided with gusset 35d.
In the height direction, front wedge 10 and the corner of left wedge 7 are placed with the first anti-interference seat 20 contacted with left wedge 7 with front wedge 10, and the inner side of left wedge 7 is placed with the second anti-interference seat 21, first anti-interference seat 20 and the second anti-interference seat 21 interval is arranged.
First anti-interference seat 20 is wedge structure away from left wedge 7 one end; The top of the first anti-interference seat 20 is wedge structure; Second anti-interference plate 21 is wedge structure near front wedge 10 one end.
First counter-force seat 24a is provided with rolling guide 25, and test piece box can be placed on rolling guide 25.
The left and right sides of base 1 is all arranged at intervals with two pulling seats 22; The left and right sides of test piece box is provided with the haulage gear corresponding with pulling seat 22.Haulage gear comprises reductor 36, and reductor 36 is connected with the first end of the first reel 38 by the first shaft coupling 37, and the second end of the first reel 38 is connected with the second reel 42 by the second shaft coupling 39, transmission shaft 40 and the 3rd shaft coupling 41.First reel 38 is wound with the wire rope 43 that can be connected with pulling seat 22 with on the second reel 42.
The front side of the second counter-force seat 24b is provided with the first wire rope holder 44 of the wire rope can fixing the first reel 38; The rear side of the second counter-force seat 24b is provided with the second wire rope holder 45 of the wire rope can fixing the second reel 42.
The right side of the second counter-force seat 24b is provided with the 3rd counter-force seat 24c, fixes at the bottom of the pond in the 3rd counter-force seat 24c and counter-force pond 23, and is bolted to connection with the second counter-force seat 24b simultaneously.
The right-hand member of the 3rd counter-force seat 24c is arranged at intervals with the first hinged seat 46 and the second hinged seat 47, the right-hand member of base 1 arrange can respectively with the first hinged seat 46 and hinged the 3rd hinged seat 48 of the second hinged seat 47 and the 4th hinged seat 49.
Counter-force pond 23 is respectively arranged with cylinder support 51 at the 3rd counter-force seat 24c near the rear and front end of the second counter-force seat 24b side, cylinder support 51 is hinged with oil cylinder 52.Piston rod 53 end of oil cylinder 52 is hinged with thrust bearing 54, and thrust bearing 54 can be connected with the base 1 of test piece box.
On front side board 5 and back side panel 6, correspondence is provided with a row oil sac mounting hole 50.
This pilot system carries out simulation test according to following steps:
(1) test piece box prepares: on right screw band 14, install right plate 4, rear bolt hole band 16 is installed back side panel 6, thus obtains the test piece box of 3000mm × 3000mm × 3000mm size; The base 1 of test piece box is connected with thrust bearing 54, make simultaneously the first hinged seat 46 and the 3rd hinged seat 48 hinged, the second hinged seat 47 and the 4th hinged seat 49 hinged; Test piece box is passed through piston rod 53 jacking of oil cylinder 52 to the ore bed inclination θ needed for test, as shown in Figure 1.The size that test piece box is concrete is carried out the size of the test specimen tested as required and determines.
(2) test material preparation: comsol is based on finite element method, the emulation of actual physical phenomenon is realized by solving partial differential equation (single game) or partial differential equations (many), be widely used in fields such as fluid dynamics, geoscience, porous medium, structural mechanics, transmission phenomenon, wave propagations at present, it is feasible for therefore carrying out comsol simulation to underground pressure field distribution rule.Comsol numerical simulation software is utilized to carry out numerical simulation to the underground pressure regularity of distribution, so that each pressure transducer can measure the stress distribution of rock stratum more accurately, according to the analog result of comsol numerical simulation software, show that test specimen pressure detection point arranges the particular location of pressure transducer, according to geometric similarity ratio, unit weight ratio of similitude, stress similitude ratio and strength similarity are than the unit weight calculating model rock, compressive strength, the mechanical property parameters such as a rate of advance, by river sand, gypsum, calcium carbonate stirs with different ratios and appropriate water, be made into multiple standard specimen also air-dry in its natural state, the uniaxial compressive strength of standard specimen is measured, contrast according to the series of uniaxial compressive strength of strength similarity than the compressive strength calculated and different ratio, draw the optimum proportioning of each layer analog material, according to optimum proportioning and the unit weight of each layering, calculate quality needed for each layered material, weigh up the quality of corresponding batching, various batching is stirred, add suitable quantity of water again, stir immediately, prevent condensation, after stirring, batching is sent in test piece box, and tamps, on surface between the layering of simulation ore bed, evenly shakedown one deck mica powder is as layering plane of weakness, with wall cutter, surface is floating, plugs mark at the assigned address of each layering simultaneously, according to order, each layering is installed by above step, until all rock stratum all install in test piece box, meanwhile, according to the analog result placement sensor of comsol numerical simulation software, and oil sac simulation coal seam is set in test specimen according to the position of each oil sac mounting hole 50, by the thickness in oil-filled amount control simulation coal seam, by draining simulation coal seam excavation, after analog material drying, reply the piston rod 53 of oil cylinder 52, make test piece box be returned to horizontal level.
On the other hand, udec aly utilizes explicit scheme of solving a problem to provide the instrument accurately effectively analyzed for Geotechnical Engineering, explicit scheme of solving a problem provides stable solution for unstable physical process, and can the destructive process of simulated object, this software be particularly suitable for simulating jointed rock system or discontinuous block aggregate tie up to static(al) or dynamic load condition under response.Utilize the rock deformation rule of udec numerical simulation software to rock stratum to carry out numerical simulation, crack extraction is carried out to the crack field that udec numerical simulation software is formed, obtains fractured zones, and on test specimen, arrange that bore position is holed according to the crack field extracted.
(3) load: in boring, place television imager; Take the base 1 of test piece box and thrust bearing 54 apart, take the first hinged seat 46 and the 3rd hinged seat 48, second hinged seat 47 and the 4th hinged seat 49 simultaneously apart; Test piece box is sent on the first counter-force seat 24a by haulage gear, and fixing test piece box; Reaction frame 28 is installed; Take above-below direction as Z-direction, left and right directions be X to, fore-and-aft direction is Y-direction, and adopt power control mode to load to horizontal addload pressure, Y-direction horizontal addload pressure, Z-direction vertical loading pressure X, loading sequence is:
A) load simultaneously X to Y-direction 10 seconds, then load Z-direction 10 seconds; Loading speed is constant is 0.05kN/s;
B) step a) is repeated;
C) load simultaneously X to Y-direction 20 seconds, then load Z-direction 20 seconds; Loading speed is constant is 0.05kN/s;
D) repeat step c) and reach predetermined value to three-dimensional on-load pressure, this predetermined value is the terrestrial stress of operating mode field measurement, is 20KN in the present embodiment;
E) load is kept;
F), as Z-direction vertical loading pressure >=5kN, during the instantaneous down-force >=0.3kN of Z-direction vertical loading pressure, three-dimensional loads and switches to displacement-control mode, and loading velocity is 0.1mm/min.
(4) excavate and observe: the excavation in coal seam extracts the oil in oil sac by minipump.Because exploitation forms goaf, rock stratum can deform under the effect of terrestrial stress, even destroys.By data acquisition system rock stratum in recovery process due to the deflection of the terrane stress of the lower rock stratum different aspects of terrestrial stress (external force and self gravitation) effect, each measuring point, being caving highly of overlying strata, disrumpent feelings and absciss layer; By the height of bedseparated fissures, the fracture quantity etc. of unit thickness in the drilling television imager observation distribution range in crack, unit thickness rock stratum.
Extract the oil in oil sac by minipump, thus form mined bed.The extraction speed of oil is determined according to aforementioned a rate of advance.The excavation of mined bed is realized by the oil extracted in oil sac, and a rate of advance is simulated by oil sac rate of pumping.If certain actual a rate of advance in coal seam, ore deposit one is 3.6m/d, compare α according to geometric similarity
1=100, time similarity ratio
calculating model a rate of advance is 0.25mm/min, and because oil sac is in different size, rate of pumping scope is: 0.01L/min-0.5L/min, is usually preferably 0.025L/min-0.03L/min.In the present embodiment, smoking speed is 0.028L/min.
In step (3), according to research needs, can arrange Different Loading Method and hold time, if research rock mass is lax, loads with Bit andits control at the very start, displacement is reached predetermined value.
In step (3), the number percent of the peak stress that can bear after excavation ore bed time of causing rock mass to destroy unstability under pre-constant load reaches rock excavation according to predetermined payload values is different and different, and load keeps stablizing during this period, until Instability of Rock Body.
In step (3), because load predetermined before cannot bearing after Instability of Rock Body, but rock mass still also has certain load-bearing capacity, after switching to position loading, can study the stress-strain feature of Instability of Rock Body, this has certain directive significance to instructing engineering practice.
In the present embodiment, according to other two particular locations that right plate 4 and back side panel 6 are installed, the test piece box of 1000mm × 1000mm × 1000mm or 2000mm × 2000mm × 2000mm size can be obtained, but this does not affect follow-up test operation.But because test piece box size is less, size may be affected and to diminish the loading of hydraulic cylinder on direction, therefore can backing plate power transmission be set in the corresponding direction, to reach substantially identical technique effect.
More than describe preferred embodiment of the present invention in detail.Should be appreciated that those of ordinary skill in the art just design according to the present invention can make many modifications and variations without the need to creative work.Therefore, all technician in the art, all should by the determined protection domain of claims under this invention's idea on the basis of existing technology by the available technical scheme of logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment.
Claims (9)
1. three-dimensional loads a large-scale three dimensional resemble simulation test system, comprises test piece box and counter force system, it is characterized in that:
Described test piece box comprises base (1); The edge of described base (1) is provided with and forms foursquare left screw band (13), right screw band (14), front screw band (15) and rear bolt hole band (16); Described base (1) has been bolted to connection left plate (3) at described left screw band (13) place, has been bolted to connection front side board (5) at described front screw band (15) place;
At least one first middle screw pore area (17) is provided with between described right screw band (14) and described left screw band (13); The second middle screw pore area (18) that is corresponding with described first middle screw pore area (17) quantity, vertical connection is provided with between described rear bolt hole band (16) with described front screw band (15); The the first middle screw pore area (17) connected and the second middle screw pore area (18) form square with described left screw band (13) and right screw band (14); Described right screw band (14) or arbitrary described first middle screw pore area (17) have been bolted to connection right plate (4); The described rear bolt hole band (16) connected with described right plate (14) or arbitrary described second middle screw pore area (18) have been bolted to connection back side panel (6); Described back side panel (6) is provided with sensor wiring hole (19); The outside spacers of described back side panel (6) is fixed with the first backing plate (31);
The inner side of described left plate (3) has been bolted to connection left wedge (7); Described left plate (3) is provided with left gland (9) by equal subregion; Described left wedge (7) is fixed with quantity and the position left depression bar (8) corresponding with described left gland (9); Described left depression bar (8) passes described left gland (9);
The inner side of described front side board (5) has been bolted to connection front wedge (10); Described front side board (5) is provided with front gland (11) by equal subregion; Described front wedge (10) is fixed with quantity and the position forward press (12) corresponding with described front gland (11); Described forward press (12) passes described front gland (11);
Described left wedge (7) and described front wedge (10) interval are arranged;
Described counter force system comprises and is positioned at underground concrete counter-force pond (23); The bottom of described counter-force pond (23) is provided with the first counter-force seat (24a) be fixedly connected with described counter-force pond (23); The right side of described first counter-force seat (24a) is provided with the second counter-force seat (24b); Fix at the bottom of described second counter-force seat (24b) and the pond of described counter-force pond (23), and be bolted to connection with described first counter-force seat (24a) simultaneously;
Described counter-force pond (23) is provided with in the left side of described test piece box and is fixedly connected with described first counter-force seat (24a), and near the side heavy frame (26) of concrete wall surface; Described side heavy frame (26) is fixed with quantity and the position left hydraulic cylinder (27) corresponding with described left depression bar (8); Described counter-force pond (23) is provided with on the right side of described test piece box and described second counter-force seat (24b) bolted reaction frame (28); Described reaction frame (28) can be bolted to connection with described test piece box;
The front portion of described first counter-force seat (24a) is fixed with front column (29); One end face of described front column (29) is near the concrete wall surface of described counter-force pond (23), and other end is fixed with quantity and the position front hydraulic cylinder (30) corresponding with described forward press (12);
The rear portion of described first counter-force seat (24a) is fixed with rear column (33); One end face of described rear column (33) near the concrete wall surface of described counter-force pond (23), other end be fixed with quantity and position corresponding with described first backing plate (31) and second backing plate (32) of described first backing plate (31) can be close to;
Described front column (29) and rear column (33) connect as one structure by the crossbeam (55) that top is fixing; Described crossbeam (55) is above uniform is provided with the upper hydraulic cylinder (34) relative with described test piece box;
Described three-dimensional loads large-scale three dimensional resemble simulation test system and also comprises the first wedge (35); When carrying out resemble simulation test, the loading force of described upper hydraulic cylinder (34) is passed on the analog material in described test piece box by described first wedge (35).
2. three-dimensional as claimed in claim 1 loads large-scale three dimensional resemble simulation test system, it is characterized in that: in the height direction, described front wedge (10) and the corner of described left wedge (7) are placed with the first anti-interference seat (20) contacted with left wedge (7) with described front wedge (10); The inner side of described left wedge (7) is placed with the second anti-interference seat (21); Described first anti-interference seat (20) and the second anti-interference seat (21) interval are arranged.
3. three-dimensional as claimed in claim 2 loads large-scale three dimensional resemble simulation test system, it is characterized in that: described first anti-interference seat (20) is wedge structure away from described left wedge (7) one end; The top of described first anti-interference seat (20) is wedge structure; Described second anti-interference plate (21) is wedge structure near described front wedge (10) one end.
4. three-dimensional as claimed in claim 1 loads large-scale three dimensional resemble simulation test system, it is characterized in that: described first counter-force seat (24a) is provided with rolling guide (25); Described test piece box can be placed on described rolling guide (25);
The left and right sides of described base (1) is provided with pulling seat (22); The left and right sides of described test piece box is provided with the haulage gear corresponding with described pulling seat (22).
5. three-dimensional as claimed in claim 4 loads large-scale three dimensional resemble simulation test system, it is characterized in that: the left and right sides of described base (1) is all arranged at intervals with two pulling seats (22); Described haulage gear comprises reductor (36); Described reductor (36) is connected by the first end of the first shaft coupling (37) with the first reel (38); Second end of described first reel (38) is connected with the second reel (42) by the second shaft coupling (39), transmission shaft (40) and the 3rd shaft coupling (41); Described first reel (38) with the second reel (42) is wound with the wire rope (43) that can be connected with described pulling seat (22).
6. three-dimensional as claimed in claim 5 loads large-scale three dimensional resemble simulation test system, it is characterized in that: the front side of described second counter-force seat (24b) is provided with the first wire rope holder (44) of the wire rope can fixing described first reel (38); The rear side of described second counter-force seat (24b) is provided with the second wire rope holder (45) of the wire rope can fixing described second reel (42).
7. three-dimensional as claimed in claim 1 loads large-scale three dimensional resemble simulation test system, it is characterized in that: described first wedge (35) comprises upper plate (35a) and base plate (35b), described upper plate (35a) and base plate (35b) connect as one structure by riser (35c); Described riser (35c) is provided with gusset (35d).
8. the three-dimensional as described in as arbitrary in claim 1 to 7 loads large-scale three dimensional resemble simulation test system, it is characterized in that:
The right side of described second counter-force seat (24b) is provided with the 3rd counter-force seat (24c); Fix at the bottom of described 3rd counter-force seat (24c) and the pond of described counter-force pond (23), and be bolted to connection with described second counter-force seat (24b) simultaneously;
The right-hand member of described 3rd counter-force seat (24c) is arranged at intervals with the first hinged seat (46) and the second hinged seat (47); The right-hand member of described base (1) arrange can respectively with described first hinged seat (46) and hinged the 3rd hinged seat (48) of the second hinged seat (47) and the 4th hinged seat (49);
Described counter-force pond (23) is respectively arranged with cylinder support (51) at described 3rd counter-force seat (24c) near the rear and front end of described second counter-force seat (24b) side; Described cylinder support (51) is hinged with oil cylinder (52); Piston rod (53) end of described oil cylinder (52) is hinged with thrust bearing (54); Described thrust bearing (54) can be connected with the base of described test piece box (1).
9. the three-dimensional as described in as arbitrary in claim 1 to 7 loads large-scale three dimensional resemble simulation test system, it is characterized in that: described front side board (5) and back side panel (6) are gone up correspondence and be provided with at least one row oil sac mounting hole (50).
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