CN107192602A - A kind of high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test equipment and system - Google Patents
A kind of high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test equipment and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107192602A CN107192602A CN201710560662.8A CN201710560662A CN107192602A CN 107192602 A CN107192602 A CN 107192602A CN 201710560662 A CN201710560662 A CN 201710560662A CN 107192602 A CN107192602 A CN 107192602A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Abstract
A kind of high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test equipment and system, belong to tunnel test apparatus field.High ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test equipment includes：Test-bed for fixing rock mass, test-bed is provided with receiving space.High ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test equipment also includes the loading tool for providing the active force for loading on rock mass.High ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test equipment also includes survey tool.Survey tool includes the measuring instrument and digital treating meter being mutually matched.One or both of the stress in country rock region of the measuring instrument to measure rock mass, strain, digital treating meter include the storage device for receiving and storing the measurement data of measuring instrument feedback.High ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test equipment can be used in simulation Problems of Underground Engineering being commonly encountered the initial field stress with various distribution characteristics, and simple and practical principle, on the premise of it can meet precision needs, accomplish the advantage that versatility is high and repeatable usability is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tunnel test apparatus field, in particular to a kind of high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model
Testing equipment and system.
Background technology
High ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test equipment is an other important content for physical experiments.Underground
The initial field stress with various distribution characteristics is commonly encountered in engineering problem, good model test stand is required to by letter
Single operation can just simulate these features, the need for the development and the outcome measurement that meet experiment subsequent step.Existing mould
Intend device structure relatively complicated, and be awkward, add experiment difficulty.
The content of the invention
In the first aspect of the present invention there is provided a kind of high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test equipment, for
Study surrouding rock deformation feature in the regional constructing tunnel of high-ground stress.
In the second aspect of the present invention there is provided a kind of high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test system, to meet
The simulation demand of high-ground stress environment, and it has the advantages that loading is flexible, in stable condition.
What the present invention was realized in：
A kind of high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test equipment, it is used for enclosing for rock mass in simulation tunnel digging process
Deformation behaviour under active force suffered by petrographic province domain.High ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test equipment includes：
It is configured as fixing the test-bed of rock mass, test-bed is provided with receiving space, and receiving space is configured as holding
Receive rock mass
Loading tool, loading tool is configured to supply the active force for loading on rock mass
Survey tool, survey tool includes the measuring instrument and digital treating meter being mutually matched, and measuring instrument is configured as measurement
One or both of the stress in the country rock region of rock mass, strain, digital treating meter include receiving and storing measuring instrument feedback
The storage device of measurement data.
In preferably one example, test-bed is frame structure.
In preferably one example, test-bed is made by steel.
In preferably one example, steel are angle steel.
In preferably one example, loading tool includes charging assembly, charging assembly include the pull bar that is mutually matched and
Loading bolt, pull bar is configured as wearing outside the two ends stretching rock mass of the relative two sides of rock mass and pull bar to be added with one respectively
Carry bolt matching connection.
In preferably one example, loading tool includes three charging assemblies, and three charging assemblies are in three-dimensional orthogonal cloth
Put.
In preferably one example, the pull bar quantity in each charging assembly is arranged for four and in the way of rectangle.
In preferably one example, measuring instrument also includes the strain measurement of the part for the pull bar being connected in rock mass
Sensor.
In preferably one example, measuring instrument also includes the pressure measurement sensor of the stress in measurement rock mass, pressure
Measurement sensor is configured as being arranged on the target measurement point in rock mass.
Mould in a kind of high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test system, including foregoing high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel room
Type testing equipment.
The beneficial effect of such scheme：High ground stress soft rock stress tunnel in a kind of high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel room that the present invention is provided
Road indoor model test equipment and system can be simulated actual tunnel and be opened using the principle of similitude and the actual engineering characteristic of combination
One or both of rock mass occurs under active force during digging stress, strain characteristic, so as to be carried for tunnelling works
Supported for data, improve the efficiency and security of tunnel excavation.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be attached to what is used required in embodiment
Figure is briefly described, it will be appreciated that the following drawings illustrate only certain embodiments of the present invention, therefore is not construed as pair
The restriction of scope, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can also be according to this
A little accompanying drawings obtain other related accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows the testing stand in high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention indoor model test equipment
The structural representation of frame；
Fig. 2 shows the strain block in high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention indoor model test equipment
Structural representation；
Fig. 3 shows being provided with high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention indoor model test equipment
First visual angle schematic diagram of the fit structure of the loading bolt of backing plate；
Fig. 4 shows being provided with high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention indoor model test equipment
Second visual angle schematic diagram of the fit structure of the loading bolt of backing plate；
Fig. 5 shows that the displacement in high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention indoor model test equipment is surveyed
Measure the fit structure schematic diagram of device and wire netting.
Icon：100- test-beds；101- angle steel；102- receiving spaces；200- strains block；202- foil gauges；201- Buddhist nun
Imperial block；300- backing plates；303- through holes；108- first folds area；301- nuts；302- first ends；501- lining cutting；502- aluminum pipes.
Embodiment
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.The present invention implementation being generally described and illustrated herein in the accompanying drawings
The component of example can be arranged and designed with a variety of configurations.Therefore, reality of the invention below to providing in the accompanying drawings
The detailed description for applying example is not intended to limit the scope of claimed invention, but is merely representative of the selected implementation of the present invention
Example.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, what those of ordinary skill in the art were obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Every other embodiment, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
It should be noted that：Similar label and letter represents similar terms in following accompanying drawing, therefore, once a certain Xiang Yi
It is defined in individual accompanying drawing, then it further need not be defined and explained in subsequent accompanying drawing.
In the description of the invention, it is necessary to explanation, term " " center ", " on ", " under ", " interior ", the instruction such as " outer "
Orientation or position relationship are that, based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, or the invention product is usually put when using
Orientation or position relationship, are for only for ease of the description present invention and simplify description, rather than indicate or imply signified device or
Element must have specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore be not considered as limiting the invention.This
Outside, term " first ", " second " etc. are only used for distinguishing description, and it is not intended that indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the invention, in addition it is also necessary to explanation, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " setting ",
" installation ", " connected ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, for example, it may be fixedly connected or be detachably connected, or one
Connect body；Can be mechanical connection or electrical connection；Can be joined directly together, can also be indirect by intermediary
It is connected, can is the connection of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, on being understood with concrete condition
State the concrete meaning of term in the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, fisrt feature second feature it " on " or it " under "
Can directly it be contacted including the first and second features, it is not direct contact but by it that can also include the first and second features
Between other characterisation contact.Moreover, fisrt feature second feature " on ", " top " and " above " to include first special
Levy directly over second feature and oblique upper, or be merely representative of fisrt feature level height higher than second feature.Fisrt feature exists
Second feature " under ", " lower section " and " following " fisrt feature that includes are immediately below second feature and obliquely downward, or be merely representative of
Fisrt feature level height is less than second feature.
In the present invention, in the case of not contradiction or conflict, all embodiments, embodiment and feature of the invention
It can be mutually combined.In the present invention, conventional unit, part etc., both can be commercially available, can also be according to of the invention public
The content self-control opened.In the present invention, in order to protrude emphasis of the invention, to some conventional operations and unit, part
The omission of progress, or be only briefly described.
The initial field stress with various distribution characteristics, good mould are commonly encountered in underground engineering (such as tunneling) problem
Type experimental rig disclosure satisfy that can just simulate features described above by shirtsleeve operation, to reach the order of experiment subsequent step
The need for carrying out and meeting outcome measurement.In addition, survey tool also will can meet precision needs according to simple and practical principle
On the premise of, accomplish that versatility is high and repeatable usability is good as much as possible.
Based on foregoing content, a kind of high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test equipment is inventors herein proposed, and
By first loading external force, the mode excavated afterwards is tested, so that simulation tunnel is distributed digging process.
A kind of high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test equipment is present embodiments provided, is that a kind of three dimensional taest is set
It is standby.High ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test equipment is designed according to the principle of similitude and with reference to Practical Project feature, its
Available for surrouding rock deformation feature in the regional constructing tunnel of research high-ground stress.
High ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test equipment includes loading tool and survey tool and as shown in Figure 1
Test-bed 100.
Wherein, test-bed 100 is used for the fixed rock mass for treating simulation progress tunneling.I.e. rock mass is integrally fixed at experiment
In stand 100.Test-bed 100 is provided with the receiving space 102 for accommodating rock mass.In actual excavation simulation tunnel mistake
Cheng Zhong, rock mass is fixed in receiving space 102.
As a kind of implementation, test-bed 100 is made by hard and anti-extrusion, the material of stretching.For example,
Test-bed 100 is welded by steel, steel plate, iron plate etc..
Refering to Fig. 1, it is preferred that test-bed 100 is welded by angle steel 101.Test-bed 100 is substantially in cuboid
Type, is a kind of frame structure.The test-bed 100 of cuboid-type is welded by 12 angle steel 101, and 12 angle steel 101 are constituted
The rib of test-bed 100 of cuboid-type.12 combinations of angle steel 101 limit the receiving space 102 of a cuboid-type, tunnel to be excavated
The rock mass in road is also cuboid-type, and with receiving space 102 to matching.Rock mass is fixed in receiving space 102.
The size of test-bed 100 can be selected according to specific rock mass characteristic, and the present invention is not to its specific size
It is defined.The qualitative model geometric similarity constant of test-bed 100 is between 100~200, quantitative model geometric similarity constant
Between 10~50, the design and making of model test apparatus proposed by the present invention are carried out based on geometric similarity constant for 60.Ginseng
According to China Express Railway tunnel cross-section area standard, 1 is shown in Table, 200km/h passenger traffics is chosen and specially takes into account cargo transport single-track railway tunnel
Road is that object its headroom area standard value of research simulation is 52m2.In some examples of the present invention, test-bed 100 is
The cuboid of 100cm × 70cm × 70cm sizes.
The China Express Railway tunnel cross-section area standard (m of table 12)
| Classification | Single line | Two-wire |
| 200km/h Lines for Passenger Transportation take into account cargo transport | 52(53.6) | 80(85) |
| 250km/h high-speed railways | 58 | 92 |
| 300~350km/h high-speed railways | 70 | 100 |
Note：Numerical value is under the conditions of Line for Passenger Transportation takes into account Double Stack Container Transport in bracket, it is considered to specific contact net height etc.
The area of factor.
Based on the process for simplifying calculating and analysis, tunnel is simplified, i.e. the cavern such as rectangle, stalk arch and shape of a hoof
When, they can be regarded as to the suitable circular progress approximate calculation of area.Applied with reference to this simulation High Ground Stress Areas Soft Rock Tunnel Excavation
Deformation behaviour of the country rock on space-time during work, letter is carried out in the tunnel Cross section Design of model test to a certain extent
Change, non-circular tunnel is converted into circular cross-section according to the criterion of area equivalent, according to selected geometric similarity constant, tunnel is determined
A diameter of 13.56cm in road.
In constructing tunnel, rock mass in certain scope exist disturbance, and away from constructing tunnel scope certain distance with
Outer rock mass can still keep protolith initial stress state, so the rock mass disturbed, i.e. country rock.With reference to existing model test warp
Test and theory analysis, apart from cavern center 4r (r is tunnel span, in the present embodiment, and r is 13.56cm) place, rock mass is still kept
Stress of primary rock state.In the embodiment of the present invention, planar dimension of the test-bed 100 on tunnel cross section is 100cm × 70cm,
The model country rock region taken is more than 4r.
Wherein, loading tool is the equipment for providing the active force for loading on rock mass.Loading tool can be by mesh
The interior loading effect power by way of applying face power of survey region is marked, i.e., is loaded in the side of test-bed 100, so that right
Rock mass applies active force.Load mode mainly has two kinds：One kind is to provide concentration with the combination of " jack+reaction frame "
Load, loading jack can use large-scale jack or small-size jack group or use hydraulic bag；Another is by right
Wear approach screw and concentration point loading is provided, such a mode can provide adequate space without reaction frame for the arrangement of measuring system.
Point loading is concentrated to be eventually converted into area load by scattered beam or dispersion plate and act on country rock analog material.
In the present invention preferably example, loading tool includes charging assembly.It is used as a kind of optional implementation, loading
Component includes the pull bar and loading bolt being mutually matched.In simulation tunnel digging process, pull bar wears the relative both sides of rock mass
Face, the two ends of pull bar are stretched out to be connected outside rock mass and respectively with a loading bolt matching.That is, one pull bar and it is connected to pull bar two
The loading bolt at end constitutes a loading function group.
Refering to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, charging assembly includes the body of rod of cylinder.The body of rod by the end of first end 302 to the second extend and
Into.Wherein, first end 302 is formed with screw thread (Fig. 3 is not shown), and the second end is formed with screw thread.Distinguish at the end of first end 302 and second
The mode being connected through a screw thread is connected with nut 301.Further, between first end 302 and nut 301, the second end and nut
Backing plate 300 is also respectively provided between 301.Two backing plates 300 set through hole 303 respectively, and are set in first end 302 and second
End.First end 302, backing plate 300, a nut 301 constitute a loading bolt.Second end, backing plate 300, one
Nut 301 constitutes a loading bolt.
Further, loading tool includes three charging assemblies, and three charging assemblies are arranged in three-dimensional orthogonal.Cuboid-type
Rock mass six faces, with mode facing each other formed three groups side.Three charging assemblies correspond be located in three respectively
Group side.Further, the pull bar quantity in each charging assembly is four and arranged in the way of rectangle.Correspondingly, often
Individual charging assembly includes eight loading bolts.I.e..Each charging assembly includes four pull bars and eight loading bolts, with four
Foregoing loading function group.Loading function group is made up of a pull bar with the loading bolt for being connected to pull bar two ends.
When carrying out simulated experiment, backing plate 300 is supported on scattered beam or dispersion plate, and is made by adjusting nut 301 to pull bar
(body of rod) is fixed on rock mass, so that when being loaded, area load is formed by dispersion plate.
Due to the difference of rock mass characteristic, loading effect power is also different.For example, in the construction of High Ground Stress Areas soft rock tunnel
Surrouding rock deformation properties study can just meet the simulation to high-ground stress there is provided 0.2MPa~0.3MPa initial field stress.
In the embodiment of the present invention, to pull bar (to drawing steel pole) using 32mm reinforcing bar.
Wherein, survey tool is used for the deformation behaviour to rock mass in the case where being applied in load.Survey tool can include mutual
The measuring instrument and digital treating meter of matching.Measuring instrument is used to measure one kind or two in the stress in the country rock region of rock mass, strain
Kind.Digital treating meter includes the storage device for receiving and storing the measurement data of measuring instrument feedback.Further, data processing with
It may also include the data processing equipment handled measurement data.For example, digital treating meter is computer based work station,
It includes memory.Further, work station also has simulation softward, such as FLAC3D softwares.Mining in Rock Mass is simulated with solid element,
Elastic model.Deformation modulus can be 200GPa, Poisson's ratio 0.2, severe 25kN/m3。
Work station mainly includes processor, memory, bus and communication interface, and processor, communication interface and memory are logical
Cross bus connection.Processor is used to perform the executable module stored in memory, such as computer program.
Wherein, memory may include high-speed random access memory (RAM：Random Access Memory), also may be used
Non-labile memory (non-volatile memory), for example, at least one magnetic disk storage can also be included.By at least
One communication interface (can be wired or wireless) realizes the communication link between the system network element and at least one other network element
Connect, internet, wide area network, LAN, Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) etc. can be used.
Bus can be isa bus, pci bus or eisa bus etc..Bus can be divided into address bus, data/address bus,
Controlling bus etc..
Wherein, memory is used for storage program, and processor is after execute instruction is received, configuration processor, the foregoing present invention
The method performed by device that the stream process that embodiment any embodiment is disclosed is defined can apply in processor, or by
Device is managed to realize.
Processor is probably a kind of IC chip, the disposal ability with signal.In implementation process, the above method
Each step can be completed by the instruction of the integrated logic circuit of the hardware in processor or software form.Above-mentioned processing
Device can be general processor, including central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, abbreviation CPU), network processing unit
(Network Processor, abbreviation NP) etc.；Can also be digital signal processor (DSP), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC),
It is ready-made programmable gate array (FPGA) or other PLDs, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hard
Part component.It can realize or perform disclosed each method, step and the logic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.General processor
Can be microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor etc..With reference to disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention
The step of method, can be embodied directly in hardware decoding processor and perform completion, or with the hardware and software in decoding processor
Block combiner performs completion.Software module can be located at random access memory, flash memory, read-only storage, programmable read only memory
Or in the ripe storage medium in this area such as electrically erasable programmable memory, register.The storage medium is located at memory,
Processor reads the information in memory, the step of completing the above method with reference to its hardware.
Due to applying initial field stress by pull bar (reinforcing bar), it therefore, it can fix strain-Sensing device on to pull bar
To detect strain.As a kind of implementation, strain-Sensing device is fixed on the middle part to pull bar.Strain-Sensing device can be selected
With foil gauge 202, it is a kind of the dependent variable of test specimen to be converted into the sensing element of resistance change.Strain detecting is filled
Put and can also be displacement measuring equipment, for example, dial gauge.Can be using " sedimentation plate+percentage based on the strain of dial gauge measurement country rock
The combination of table " is carried out, and measurement point is in the deformation at the 1.5r of the tunnel center of circle.
Further, in order to verify load that loading tool is applied, whether the stress field depending on inside Rock And Soil can
Pass Test requirement, can be checked to the stress field in rock mass.For example, to test-bed by the way of numerical simulation
Stress field in 100 carries out preliminary checking computations.
It is preferred that multiple measurement points (target measurement point or monitoring point) in rock mass bury stress measurement device, to examine
Survey in loading tool imposed load, the stress in rock mass.As a kind of optional scheme, stress measurement device can be using soil
Pressure cell, for example, XY-TYB3A series resistance formula soil pressure cells.Soil pressure cell is a kind of steel chord type sensing for measuring soil pressure
Device, is mainly used in measuring weak soil and the soil pressure change of point is buried in banketing；Also the measurable soil body is to retaining wall, friction pile etc.
Surface contact pressure.
As a kind of implementation, soil pressure cell is by three.The set location of three soil pressure cells can be by with lower section
Formula is determined：
Six faces of rock mass are relative two-by-two, form three groups of sides.Each group of side forms a distributing line, and distributing line point
Not perpendicular to two opposite faces of one group of side.Rock mass has three distributing lines, and respectively x wire, vertical line, vertical line.
Three soil pressure cells are corresponded on three distributing lines respectively, i.e., be located at x wire, vertical line, vertical line respectively.
When measurement point has it is multiple when, for example, in the case of three-dimensional loaded load, the difficulty phase of multiple soil pressure cells is set
To larger, and cost is also higher.Therefore, as preferred scheme, as shown in Figure 2, strain gauge means can be using fixation
The nylon block 201 for having foil gauge 202 is designed.Specifically, strain gauge means are included by answering that nylon block 201 and deformeter are constituted
Become block 200.Nylon block 201 is square build, and a foil gauge 202 is pasted in its three adjacent and orthogonal sides respectively, should
Become piece 202 to be connected with deformeter by data cable respectively.When carrying out simulated experiment, strain block 200 is embedded in rock mass
Measurement point.By the stress and strain situation for detecting three orthogonal directions, it is possible to reduce measurement point, the accurate of measurement is improved
Degree, so as to be conducive to improving simplified measurement process, realization is more really simulated to actual tunnel process.
, can also be by setting supporting in tunnel, so as to explore supporting and the phase of country rock in some examples of the present invention
Interaction, is provided with the design and construction for Practical Project and more accurately referred to.The mode of supporting has a variety of, for example, using bar-mat reinforcement
Corresponding lining cutting is made with gypsum etc., then adds the anchor pole simulated with aluminium wire.Supporting can also be preliminary bracing according to bending resistance
Iron plate or aluminium sheet of the equal standard simplified of rigidity (EI) for equal thickness.
In the preferable examples of the present invention, converted based on stiffnes s equivalent theoretical, it is appropriate to increase steel plate thickness to embody anchor pole
And the supporting effect of secondary lining, to obtain stiffnes s equivalent supporting.By the method for numerical computations, by supporting side conventional at present
Formula and corresponding supporting parameter are analyzed, and are that the corresponding ginseng of supporting is carried out with sheet iron in model test by its equivalent substitution
Number.
Above-mentioned supporting analog form not only can more fully embody the overall supporting effect of supporting construction, and can also
Enough realize realization of the intensity adjustable supporting in model test.In addition, becoming to embody the country rock in the whole work progress in tunnel
Shape situation, the selection of supporting will allow country rock fully to deform, with the final permission deflection (deformation allowance) of country rock for standard,
Pass through the method design variations Equivalent Support of numerical computations and model test.In an example in the present invention, deformation allowance
For 300mm.
Further, it is used as supporting simulation material from wire netting.The modulus of elasticity of wire netting can pass through the thick of iron wire
Fineness and sizing grid are adjusted, and cheap, easy to make.As a kind of implementation, the specification of wire netting is：Iron
Silk diameter 1mm, grid 0.75cm × 0.75cm.
The situation of supporting is set based on tunnel, and country rock, can be in the monitoring with monitoring lining deformation after load is applied in
Position corresponding position sets multiple monitoring points, and lining cutting and the surrouding rock deformation situation of country rock contact position are obtained by detecting.Refering to Fig. 5,
Specifically, lining cutting and the connection of dial gauge are realized by steel wire.With screw by steel wire one end and lining cutting 501 (mainly by steel wire
Formed) it is fixed, the steel wire other end is fastened on the dial gauge on test-bed 100.In order to prevent friction of the country rock to steel wire
Interference, is enclosed on outside steel wire with aluminum pipe 502 (caliber can be 0.8cm) and is protected.Strain measurement can be set in lining cutting 501
Device, for example, strain block 200.
Based on foregoing high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test equipment, the present embodiment additionally provides a kind of highland should
Power soft rock tunnel indoor model test system.High ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test system includes foregoing high-ground stress
Soft rock tunnel indoor model test equipment, rock mass, measuring apparatus fixed mount.
Wherein, rock mass is arranged in the receiving space 102 of test-bed 100, and rock mass is provided with for pair in loading tool
The through hole that pull bar is passed through.Measuring apparatus fixed mount be connected to test-bed 100 on the rib that angle steel 101 is formed.Measuring apparatus
As dial gauge is fixed on measuring apparatus fixed mount, the measurement head of dial gauge is connected with the measurement original paper in rock mass.
The high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test equipment that the present invention is provided can simulate the tunnel for first loading and excavating afterwards
Engineering.
(1) test-bed 100 and loading device are combined, and can meet the simulation demand of high-ground stress environment, and loading spirit
It is living, in stable condition.
(2) tunnel support：With sheet iron simulation tunnel supporting construction, by combined bolting and shotcrete, section-steel support and secondary lining
The integer support effect of supporting is embodied, and is become while demonstrating combined bolting and shotcrete in the country rock to the regional soft rock tunnel of high-ground stress
The effect of shape control.
(3) deformation allowance used using in current engineering is combined as foundation using numerical computations with model test
Method, devises the deformation Equivalent Support using wire netting as support material, for simulating change of the country rock in whole work progress
Shape situation.For different requirement of engineering, it can be needed by neatly converting the iron wire diameter and sizing grid of wire netting
The supporting intensity wanted.
(4) surrouding rock deformation and stress measurement instrument：The survey tool that the deformation of country rock is combined using " sedimentation plate+dial gauge "
It is monitored.The measurement of stress variation is used so that " survey tool that nylon block 201+ foil gauges 202 " are combined, passes through one
The cube of the nylon material of very small volume monitors the stress variation state in three directions simultaneously, can solve model test stand
In 100 the problem of insufficient space, and precision degree is high, good economy performance.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles of the invention, that is made any repaiies
Change, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test equipment, is being acted on for rock mass in simulation tunnel digging process
Deformation behaviour under power, it is characterised in that high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test equipment includes：
It is configured as fixing the test-bed of the rock mass, the test-bed is provided with receiving space, the receiving space quilt
It is configured to accommodate the rock mass；
Loading tool, the loading tool is configured to supply the active force for loading on the rock mass；
Survey tool, the survey tool includes the measuring instrument and digital treating meter being mutually matched, and the measuring instrument is configured as
One or both of stress, the strain in the country rock region of the rock mass are measured, the digital treating meter includes receiving and storing
The storage device of the measurement data of the measuring instrument feedback.
2. high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel according to claim 1 indoor model test equipment, it is characterised in that the experiment
Stand is frame structure.
3. high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel according to claim 1 indoor model test equipment, it is characterised in that the experiment
Stand is made by steel.
4. high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel according to claim 3 indoor model test equipment, it is characterised in that the steel
For angle steel.
5. high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel according to any one of claim 1 to 4 indoor model test equipment, its feature exists
In the loading tool includes charging assembly, and the charging assembly includes the pull bar and loading bolt being mutually matched, the pull bar
Be configured as wearing the relative two sides of the rock mass and the pull bar two ends stretch out outside the rock mass respectively with described in one
Loading bolt matching connection.
6. high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel according to claim 5 indoor model test equipment, it is characterised in that the loading
Instrument includes three charging assemblies, and three charging assemblies are arranged in three-dimensional orthogonal.
7. high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel according to claim 5 indoor model test equipment, it is characterised in that each described
The pull bar quantity in charging assembly is arranged for four and in the way of rectangle.
8. high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel according to claim 5 indoor model test equipment, it is characterised in that the measurement
Instrument also includes the strain gauge sensors of the part for the pull bar being connected in the rock mass.
9. high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel according to claim 5 indoor model test equipment, it is characterised in that the measurement
Instrument also includes the pressure measurement sensor for measuring the stress in the rock mass, and the pressure measurement sensor is configured as being arranged on
Target measurement point in the rock mass.
10. a kind of high ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test system, it is characterised in that including appointing in such as claim 1 to 9
High ground stress soft rock stress tunnel indoor model test equipment described in one.
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