CN102519805A - Method and system for testing fracture toughness of incompact soil body - Google Patents
Method and system for testing fracture toughness of incompact soil body Download PDFInfo
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- CN102519805A CN102519805A CN2011103916834A CN201110391683A CN102519805A CN 102519805 A CN102519805 A CN 102519805A CN 2011103916834 A CN2011103916834 A CN 2011103916834A CN 201110391683 A CN201110391683 A CN 201110391683A CN 102519805 A CN102519805 A CN 102519805A
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Abstract
In order to promote relevant scientific researches on fracture of an incompact soil body and effectively prevent and control geological disasters, such as incompact soil body landslide, soil slope, slope debris flow and the like, the invention provides a method and a system for testing the fracture toughness of the incompact soil body. The method comprises the following steps of: making the incompact soil body with different water content and different compactness into a rectangular test piece; continuously loading a three-point bending load on the rectangular test piece; and when the rectangular test piece starts to fracture, measuring the fracture toughness of the incompact soil body. According to the method and the system for testing the fracture toughness of the incompact soil body, the fracture toughness of the incompact soil body with different water content and different compactness can be tested; according to the test method, a requirement of the American society for testing material (ASTM) E399-83 is met; the deformation, cracking and damage system of the surface of a soil slope can be analyzed; and the method and the system have great significance for promoting relevant scientific researches on the fracture of the incompact soil body and effectively preventing and controlling geological disasters, such as incompact soil body landslide, soil slope, slope debris flow and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to civil engineering work method of testing and specialized equipment, particularly a kind of loose earth fracture toughness method of testing and system.
Background technology
The soil body is earth surface and environment for human survival and the closely-related dielectric material of engineering activity; The generation of geologic hazards such as side slope unstability, Debris Flow on Slope Surface, bank slope destruction is all relevant with soil body related physical mechanics parameter; " earthwork test rule " (SD128-84) provided in detail soil body density, proportion, mould liquid limit, expansion, permeate, hit method of testing real, fixed, physical and mechanical parameter such as three, soluble-salt; " Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering " (GB50021-2001) emphasis provided dependence test methods such as singularity soil, underground water, on-the-spot in-situ test, the compression of the indoor soil body, fixed, infiltration, shearing, power; " Standard for test methods of engineering rock masses " (GB/T50266-99) provided method of testings such as sillar water percentage, water absorptivity, swelling property, uniaxial compression, three axial compressions contract, tensile strength, direct shear test, rock mass deformation, rock mass stress, rock mass in-situ test, acoustic wave of rock, and " highway engineering gather materials testing regulations " (JTJ058-2000) provided the dependence test method of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate.
Yet, all do not relate to soil deformation and the test problem that destroys fracture toughness in the aforementioned related art standard, its basic reason be exactly for many years people think that always fracture is the fundamental characteristics of hard brittle material, there is not breakage problem in the soil body.In fact; Related science researchs such as relevant slight slope, soil property bank slope, Debris Flow on Slope Surface had shown already over past ten years; Geologic hazards such as slight slope, soil property bank slope, the Debris Flow on Slope Surface initial stage of giving birth to all belongs to the soil mass fragmentation problem, and distortion, fracture drawing crack, expansion destruction are the basic physical mechanics processes of pregnant of soil property class geologic hazard.
The standard ASTM E399-83 of ASTM is in the world the most authoritative so far material fracture measuring technology standard; Requirement becomes highly to be not less than 40cm, width with test material preparation and is not less than the rectangle test specimen that 20cm, length are not less than 100cm; This is as far as the soil body, and specimen molding, test operation are extremely difficult.Therefore; Develop a kind of method of testing and system that is applicable to the test of loose earth fracture toughness and satisfies ASTM-E399-83 standard; For promoting the research of loose earth fracture related science, it is significant effectively to prevent and treat geologic hazards such as loose earth landslide, soil property bank slope and Debris Flow on Slope Surface.
Summary of the invention
In order to promote the research of loose earth fracture related science, effectively prevent and treat geologic hazards such as loose earth landslide, soil property bank slope and Debris Flow on Slope Surface, the present invention proposes a kind of loose earth fracture toughness method of testing and system.Loose earth fracture toughness method of testing of the present invention is made the rectangle test specimen with the loose earth of different moisture content, different packings; The rectangle test specimen is carried out three-point bending load to load continuously; When the rectangle test specimen begins to rupture, be calculated as follows the loose earth fracture toughness of rectangle test specimen to be tested:
In the formula:
K IBe the loose earth fracture toughness, unit does
P is the load that is applied to sample crackle opening part that measures, the kN of unit; S is two spacings between the fulcrum, the m of unit;
WBe the width of rectangle test specimen, unit is mm; B is the height of rectangle test specimen, and unit is mm;
aBe the degree of depth of prefabricated crack otch in the equal test specimen, unit is mm;
Wherein, rectangle specimen width W gets 400mm, and height B is got 200mm, and length L is got 1000mm, and the middle part of test specimen is provided with prefabricated crack otch, and
a＜W and requirement
a/ W=0.45～0.55.
Further; The three-point bending load of loose earth fracture toughness method of testing of the present invention loads continuously and comprises: have the one side symmetry of prefabricated crack otch to be placed between two fulcrums the rectangle test specimen; And with prefabricated crack cut sides to fulcrum; At the continuous imposed load of the specimen prefabricated crack of rectangle incision, and loading direction is over against fulcrum.
Loose earth fracture toughness method of testing of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
⑴ need to make the required rectangle test specimen of loose earth fracture toughness test by test; The length L of rectangle test specimen, width W and height B are respectively 1000mm, 400mm and 200mm;
⑵ be placed in the rectangle test specimen according to requirement of experiment with the rectangle test specimen and bear on the plate, and requiring has the one side symmetry of prefabricated crack otch to be placed between two fulcrums the rectangle test specimen, and with prefabricated crack cut sides to fulcrum; Wherein, the degree of depth of prefabricated crack otch in the rectangle test specimen
aLess than width W, and require a/W=0.45～0.55;
⑶ be placed on the continuous imposed load in the back side of the specimen prefabricated crack of rectangle incision with the loading device, and loading direction is over against fulcrum;
⑷ through the interactive keyboard input of proving installation rectangle test specimen parameter, i.e. rectangle specimen width W, height B and Kai Qie penetration of fracture a;
⑸ open assistor, and the rectangle test specimen is applied continuous load, begins fracture until the rectangle test specimen;
⑹ read the loose earth fracture toughness from the proving installation LED display
K I, accomplish the test of loose earth fracture toughness.
Loose earth fracture toughness test macro of the present invention comprises: test specimen placing device, load control device and measurement mechanism, wherein,
The test specimen placing device comprises that two loads bear bearing and a rectangle test specimen bears plate; The xsect that load bears bearing is an equilateral triangle, and its length of side is 30mm, highly for 250mm; Two loads bear bearing and are fixed in line on the test table top, and the rectangle test specimen is directly born as fulcrum in one of them angle, and the horizontal range between two fulcrums is 800mm; It is rolling friction with the experiment table top that the rectangle test specimen bears plate, is placed on a side of two fulcrums;
Load control device comprises: loading device, fixed pulley, loaded line and assistor, and wherein, the loading device is the rigidity equilateral triangle of length of side 30mm, height 26mm, wherein one jiao places the specimen prefabricated crack of rectangle otch right opposite as load(ing) point; Fixed pulley is arranged on the corner of test table top, and its position is in the center of two fulcrums; Loaded line connects loading device and assistor through fixed pulley; Wherein, assistor is a numerical control miniature spring meter, and maximum tensile load is 800N;
Measurement mechanism comprises interactive keyboard, LED display and microprocessor, is connected with the chest expander of load control device through signal transmssion line; Interactive keyboard is used to import rectangle test specimen parameter, and LED display is used for showing input and test parameter; Microprocessor is according to computes loose earth fracture toughness
K IValue and on LED display, show should value;
In the formula: P is the load that is applied to sample crackle opening part that measures, the kN of unit; S is two spacings between the fulcrum, the m of unit;
K IBe the loose earth fracture toughness, unit does
WBe the width of rectangle test specimen, unit is mm; B is the height of rectangle test specimen, and unit is mm;
aBe the degree of depth of prefabricated crack otch in the equal test specimen, unit is mm.
Wherein, rectangle specimen width W gets 400mm, and height B is got 200mm, and length L is got 1000mm, and opening of test specimen middle part cut penetration of fracture a＜W and required a/W=0.45～0.55.
Further; The rectangle test specimen of loose earth fracture toughness test macro of the present invention bears plate and comprises that two block lengths are that 500mm, width are that 450mm, thickness are the thin plate of 10mm; Laid parallel is between bearing and loading device; And, leave a width and the identical slit of kerf width, the specimen prefabricated crack of rectangle at loading device correspondence position.
Further; The upper and lower end face of the loading device of loose earth fracture toughness test macro of the present invention is connected with two parallel stay cords; The other end of stay cord is connected with pull bar, and the middle part of pull bar connects loaded line, wherein; The spacing of two stay cords is identical with the height B of rectangle test specimen, and the length of two stay cords is identical with the width W of rectangle test specimen.
The useful technique effect of loose earth fracture toughness method of testing of the present invention and system is to carry out the test of fracture toughness to the loose earth of different moisture content, different packings; Method of testing satisfies the requirement of the standard ASTM E399-83 of ASTM; Help analyzing slight slope surface deformation cracking and failure mechanism; For promoting the research of loose earth fracture related science, it is significant effectively to prevent and treat geologic hazards such as loose earth landslide, soil property bank slope and Debris Flow on Slope Surface.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the schematic three dimensional views of loose earth fracture toughness test macro of the present invention;
The schematic three dimensional views of the rectangle test specimen that accompanying drawing 2 is adopted for loose earth fracture toughness of the present invention method of testing and system;
The rectangle test specimen that accompanying drawing 3 is adopted for loose earth fracture toughness of the present invention method of testing and system bears the schematic top plan view of plate;
The schematic three dimensional views of the loading device stress state that accompanying drawing 4 is adopted for loose earth fracture toughness of the present invention method of testing and system.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment loose earth fracture toughness method of testing of the present invention and system are further specified.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawing 1 is the schematic three dimensional views of loose earth fracture toughness test macro of the present invention, and among the figure, 1 is the rectangle test specimen, and 2 bear bearing for load; 3 for the rectangle test specimen bears plate, and 4 is fixed pulley, and 5 is loaded line, and 6 is chest expander; 7 is measurement mechanism, and 8 is lead, and 9 are the loading device.Can know that by figure loose earth fracture toughness test macro of the present invention comprises: test specimen placing device, load control device and measurement mechanism, wherein,
The test specimen placing device comprises that two loads bear bearing 2 and a rectangle test specimen bears plate 3; The xsect that load bears bearing 2 is an equilateral triangle, and its length of side is 30mm, highly for 250mm; Two loads bear bearing 2 and are fixed in line on the test table top, and the rectangle test specimen is directly born as fulcrum in one of them angle, and the horizontal range between two fulcrums is 800mm; It is rolling friction with the experiment table top that the rectangle test specimen bears plate 3; Be placed on a side of two fulcrums; Its rectangle test specimen bears plate and comprises that two block lengths are that 500mm, width are that 450mm, thickness are the thin plate of 10mm; Laid parallel between bearing and loading device, and, leave a width and the identical slit of kerf width, the specimen prefabricated crack of rectangle at loading device correspondence position;
Load control device comprises: loading device 9, fixed pulley 4, loaded line 5 and assistor 6, and wherein, loading device 9 is the rigidity equilateral triangle of length of side 30mm, height 26mm, wherein one jiao places the specimen prefabricated crack of rectangle otch right opposite as load(ing) point; Fixed pulley 4 is arranged on the corner of test table top, and its position is in the center of two fulcrums; Loaded line 5 connects loading device 9 and assistor 6 through fixed pulley 4; Wherein, chest expander 6 is numerical control miniature spring meter, and maximum tensile load is 800N;
Measurement mechanism 7 comprises interactive keyboard, LED display and microprocessor, is connected with the chest expander of load control device through signal transmssion line; Interactive keyboard is used to import rectangle test specimen parameter, and LED display is used for showing input and test parameter; Microprocessor is according to computes loose earth fracture toughness
K IValue and on LED display, show should value;
In the formula:
K IBe the loose earth fracture toughness, unit does
PBe the load that is applied to sample crackle opening part that measures, the kN of unit;
SBe two spacings between the fulcrum, the m of unit;
WBe the height of rectangle test specimen, unit is mm;
BBe the width of rectangle test specimen, unit is mm;
aBe the degree of depth of prefabricated crack otch in the equal test specimen, unit is mm;
Wherein, rectangle specimen width W gets 400mm, and height B is got 200mm, and length L is got 1000mm, and opening of test specimen middle part cut penetration of fracture a＜W and required a/W=0.45～0.55.
The schematic three dimensional views of the rectangle test specimen that accompanying drawing 2 is adopted for loose earth fracture toughness of the present invention method of testing and system; Among the figure, L is a rectangle test specimen length, and B is the rectangle specimen width, and W is a rectangle test specimen height,
aBe the degree of depth of prefabricated crack otch, the width of the prefabricated crack of b otch.Can know that by figure the rectangle test specimen that loose earth fracture toughness of the present invention method of testing and system are adopted is an elongated rectangular shape, and in the middle part of the long limit of rectangle, be provided with prefabricated crack otch.For satisfying the related specifications requirement, the width W of rectangle test specimen is got 400mm, and height B is got 200mm, and length L is got 1000mm, and opening of test specimen middle part cut penetration of fracture a＜W and required a/W=0.45～0.55.
The rectangle test specimen that accompanying drawing 3 is adopted for loose earth fracture toughness of the present invention method of testing and system bears the schematic top plan view of plate, and among the figure, 2 for load bears bearing, and 3 bear plate for the rectangle test specimen.Can know by figure; Two block lengths that are actually that the rectangle test specimen that loose earth fracture toughness of the present invention method of testing and system are adopted bears plate are that 500mm, width are that 450mm, thickness are the thin plate of 10mm; Laid parallel is between bearing and loading device; And, leave a width and the identical slit of kerf width, the specimen prefabricated crack of rectangle at loading device correspondence position.Because the inventive method and system are mainly used in the test of loose earth fracture toughness, therefore, adopt the rectangle test specimen to bear plate and carry test specimen, to guarantee that when loading the rectangle test specimen can wholely under the effect of loading device move to bearing by the loose earth preparation.In addition, be rolling friction because the rectangle test specimen bears plate with the experiment table top, can guarantee that the load that the loading device is applied almost completely acts on the rectangle test specimen.
The schematic three dimensional views of the loading device stress state that accompanying drawing 4 is adopted for loose earth fracture toughness of the present invention method of testing and system, among the figure, 5 be loaded line, and 9 is the loading device, and 10 is stay cord, and 11 is pull bar, and W is the width of rectangle test specimen, and B is the height of rectangle test specimen.Can know that by figure the upper and lower end face of loading device 9 is connected with two parallel stay cords, the other end of stay cord is connected with pull bar; The middle part of pull bar connects loaded line, and wherein, the spacing of two stay cords is identical with the height B of rectangle test specimen; The length of two stay cords is identical with the width W of rectangle test specimen; Guarantee thus that in loading procedure the load that the loading device acts on the rectangle test specimen is even, stable, guarantees accuracy of test and reliability.
The useful technique effect of loose earth fracture toughness method of testing of the present invention and system is to carry out the test of fracture toughness to the loose earth of different moisture content, different packings; Method of testing satisfies the requirement of the standard ASTM E399-83 of ASTM; Help analyzing slight slope surface deformation cracking and failure mechanism; For promoting the research of loose earth fracture related science, it is significant effectively to prevent and treat geologic hazards such as loose earth landslide, soil property bank slope and Debris Flow on Slope Surface.
Claims (6)
1. a loose earth fracture toughness method of testing is characterized in that: the loose earth of different moisture content, different packings is made the rectangle test specimen; The rectangle test specimen is carried out three-point bending load to load continuously; When the rectangle test specimen begins to rupture, be calculated as follows the loose earth fracture toughness of rectangle test specimen to be tested:
In the formula:
K IBe the loose earth fracture toughness, unit does
P is the load that is applied to sample crackle opening part that measures, the kN of unit; S is two spacings between the fulcrum, the m of unit;
WBe the width of rectangle test specimen, unit is mm; B is the height of rectangle test specimen, and unit is mm;
aBe the degree of depth of prefabricated crack otch in the equal test specimen, unit is mm;
Wherein, rectangle specimen width W gets 400mm, and height B is got 200mm, and length L is got 1000mm, and the middle part of test specimen is provided with prefabricated crack otch, and
a＜W and requirement
a/ W=0.45～0.55.
2. according to the said loose earth fracture toughness of claim 1 method of testing; It is characterized in that: three-point bending load loads continuously and comprises: have the one side symmetry of prefabricated crack otch to be placed between two fulcrums the rectangle test specimen; And with prefabricated crack cut sides to fulcrum; At the continuous imposed load of the specimen prefabricated crack of rectangle incision, and loading direction is over against fulcrum.
3. according to the said loose earth fracture toughness of claim 1 method of testing, it is characterized in that: this method of testing may further comprise the steps:
⑴ need to make the required rectangle test specimen of loose earth fracture toughness test by test; The length L of rectangle test specimen, width W and height B are respectively 1000mm, 400mm and 200mm;
⑵ be placed in the rectangle test specimen according to requirement of experiment with the rectangle test specimen and bear on the plate, and requiring has the one side symmetry of prefabricated crack otch to be placed between two fulcrums the rectangle test specimen, and with prefabricated crack cut sides to fulcrum; Wherein, the degree of depth of prefabricated crack otch in the rectangle test specimen
aLess than width W, and require a/W=0.45～0.55;
⑶ be placed on the continuous imposed load in the back side of the specimen prefabricated crack of rectangle incision with the loading device, and loading direction is over against fulcrum;
⑷ through the interactive keyboard input of proving installation rectangle test specimen parameter, i.e. rectangle specimen width W, height B and Kai Qie penetration of fracture a;
⑸ open assistor, and the rectangle test specimen is applied continuous load, begins fracture until the rectangle test specimen;
⑹ read the loose earth fracture toughness from the proving installation LED display
K I, accomplish the test of loose earth fracture toughness.
4. loose earth fracture toughness test macro, it is characterized in that: this system comprises test specimen placing device, load control device and measurement mechanism, wherein,
The test specimen placing device comprises that two loads bear bearing and a rectangle test specimen bears plate; The xsect that load bears bearing is an equilateral triangle, and its length of side is 30mm, highly for 250mm; Two loads bear bearing and are fixed in line on the test table top, and the rectangle test specimen is directly born as fulcrum in one of them angle, and the horizontal range between two fulcrums is 800mm; It is rolling friction with the experiment table top that the rectangle test specimen bears plate, is placed on a side of two fulcrums;
Load control device comprises: loading device, fixed pulley, loaded line and assistor, and wherein, the loading device is the rigidity equilateral triangle of length of side 30mm, height 26mm, wherein one jiao places the specimen prefabricated crack of rectangle otch right opposite as load(ing) point; Fixed pulley is arranged on the corner of test table top, and its position is in the center of two fulcrums; Loaded line connects loading device and assistor through fixed pulley; Wherein, assistor is a numerical control miniature spring meter, and maximum tensile load is 800N;
Measurement mechanism comprises interactive keyboard, LED display and microprocessor, is connected with the chest expander of load control device through signal transmssion line; Interactive keyboard is used to import rectangle test specimen parameter, and LED display is used for showing input and test parameter; Microprocessor is according to computes loose earth fracture toughness
K IValue and on LED display, show should value;
In the formula: P is the load that is applied to sample crackle opening part that measures, the kN of unit; S is two spacings between the fulcrum, the m of unit;
K IBe the loose earth fracture toughness, unit does
WBe the width of rectangle test specimen, unit is mm; B is the height of rectangle test specimen, and unit is mm;
aBe the degree of depth of prefabricated crack otch in the equal test specimen, unit is mm;
Wherein, rectangle specimen width W gets 400mm, and height B is got 200mm, and length L is got 1000mm, and opening of test specimen middle part cut penetration of fracture a＜W and required a/W=0.45～0.55.
5. according to the said loose earth fracture toughness of claim 4 test macro; It is characterized in that: the rectangle test specimen bears plate and comprises that two block lengths are that 500mm, width are that 450mm, thickness are the thin plate of 10mm; Laid parallel is between bearing and loading device; And, leave a width and the identical slit of kerf width, the specimen prefabricated crack of rectangle at loading device correspondence position.
6. according to the said loose earth fracture toughness of claim 4 test macro; It is characterized in that: the upper and lower end face of loading device is connected with two parallel stay cords; The other end of stay cord is connected with pull bar, and the middle part of pull bar connects loaded line, wherein; The spacing of two stay cords is identical with the height B of rectangle test specimen, and the length of two stay cords is identical with the width W of rectangle test specimen.
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