CN105823686A - Method for measuring tensile strength and fracture toughness of cement mortar or concrete - Google Patents
Method for measuring tensile strength and fracture toughness of cement mortar or concrete Download PDFInfo
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- CN105823686A CN105823686A CN201610231752.8A CN201610231752A CN105823686A CN 105823686 A CN105823686 A CN 105823686A CN 201610231752 A CN201610231752 A CN 201610231752A CN 105823686 A CN105823686 A CN 105823686A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2873—Cutting or cleaving
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring tensile strength and fracture toughness of cement mortar or concrete. The method comprises the steps of pouring test pieces, cutting cracks, static loading, recording peak loads, calculating a nominal intensity (Sigma)n, calculating an equivalent crack length ae, and finally obtaining the tensile strength ft and the fracture toughness KIC of cement mortar or concrete simultaneously through regression analysis. The method provided by the invention is simple in form, easy to operate tests, sufficient in accuracy and easy to judge the reasonableness of results; the tensile strength ft and fracture toughness KIC of cement mortar or concrete can be determined simultaneously just by peak loads of small-size test pieces.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to building and hydraulic engineering material property technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method simultaneously measuring cement mortar or Analysis of Concrete Tensile intensity and fracture toughness.
Background technology
Numerous studies show, the intensity of cement mortar and concrete and fracture toughness exist obvious dimensional effect.To obtain the authentic material parameter unrelated with sample dimensions, then must pour large-size test specimen.Therefore, the test achievement of small size cement mortar specimen can not be used directly to evaluate cement mortar and the authentic material performance of concrete.
At present, the hot strength of cement mortar and concrete typically must use axle center tensile sample to test, the making of axial tension test specimen and test all relative difficulty.Due to cement mortar and the anisotropism of concrete, test specimen i.e. allows to geometry centering, and physics centering that often can not be real, thus form the eccentric force state of reality.
On the other hand, for cement mortar and the test of Fracture Toughness of Concrete, according to U.S.'s ASTME399 specification, if meeting linear elastic fracture mechanics condition, measuring the fracture toughness of materials without dimensional effect, using the thickness B, crack length a of sample0, ligament size W-a0It is both needed to meet following formula:
Wherein, KICFor fracture toughness of materials, ftHot strength for material.The K of cement mortar is then determined by the regulation of ASTMIC, sample dimensions W about 500mm to be reached；And concrete sample size W typically will be more than 1000mm.According to small-size test piece, then the isoparametric dimensional effect of fracture toughness is the most inevitable.How by the small-size test piece being under the conditions of elastic-plastic fracture, such as (W-a0)/dmaxThe test specimen of=3-10, determines the material true fracture ductility without dimensional effect, is sciences problems urgently to be resolved hurrily.
It addition, carry out in fracture toughness testing test, test specimen pattern, loading fixture, load mode, pilot system etc. there is strict restriction.The cost of manufacture and the experiment work amount that make test sample greatly increase.
Also it is emphasized that determine that cement mortar and the hot strength of concrete and fracture toughness need to use sample and the loading method of different types at present.And with same method of testing and sample, determine that the method for cement mortar and Analysis of Concrete Tensile intensity and fracture toughness have not been reported simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
At present, test test specimen and pilot system are required higher by the hot strength measuring cement mortar or concrete, on the other hand measure sample dimensions that the fracture toughness without dimensional effect needs very greatly, more difficult under the conditions of common lab complete pouring and test job of sample.For overcoming the deficiency of existing assay method, the present invention proposes a kind of can determine the hot strength of cement mortar or concrete and the method for testing of fracture toughness simultaneously.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
Design a kind of method simultaneously measuring cement mortar or Analysis of Concrete Tensile intensity and fracture toughness, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) by given cement mortar or concrete mix requirement, pour a number of size and be cement mortar or the concrete by three-point bending beam test specimen of W × B × L, wherein, W is height of specimen, B is specimen thickness, and L is test specimen effective length, and test specimen meets L/W=2.5,4 or 8；
(2) by after step (1) gained test piece maintenance to the age that regulation requires, using cutting machine that described test specimen is cut out crack respectively, fracture length is a0, the seam of test specimen is high than α=a0/ W is value in the range of 0.02～0.75；Therefrom choosing 5～8 kind of different test specimen stitching high ratio, every kind of seam height is than corresponding 3～5 test specimens；Wherein the high value mode than α of the seam of test specimen is: random value, homogeneous state distribution in the range of 0.02～0.75；
(3) on common pressure testing machine or universal testing machine, load by static loading test method and be destroyed to test specimen, process of the test records the peak load P of each test specimenmax；
(4) peak load of each test specimen based on step (3) gained, calculates the nominal strength σ of each test specimenn；
(5) equivalent fissure length a of each test specimen is calculatede；
(6) by step (4), the different σ of step (5) gainednWith aeValue, brings following formula (1) into and carries out regression analysis,
Hot strength f of cement mortar or concrete can be drawn simultaneouslytWith fracture toughness KIC。
Preferably, in described step (2), described seam is high than α=a0The value of/W is followed successively by 0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25,0.3,0.35,0.4,0.45,0.5,0.55,0.6,0.65,0.7.
Preferably, in described step (4), following formula (2) calculate the nominal strength σ of each test specimenn,
In formula (2), W1=W-a0；W2=W1-(γ·dmax)；W3=W1+(γ·dmax)；PmaxPeak load is surveyed for each test specimen；B is specimen thickness；a0For incipient crack length, γ dmaxFor peak load PmaxCorresponding incipient crack propagation；dmaxFor maximum aggregate size.
Preferably, in described formula (2), when γ=1.0, draw the meansigma methods of cement mortar or concrete strength and toughness from statistics angle calculation；
When γ=0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 ... when 2.0, from the discreteness angle of cement mortar or the material property of concrete, calculate the exact value of cement mortar or concrete strength and toughness.
Preferably, in described step (5), equivalent fissure length a of each test specimeneCalculated by following formula (3a)～(3d):
As L/W=2.5,
As L/W=4,
As L/W=8, Y (α)=1.106-1.552 α+7.71 α2-13.53α3+14.23α4
Formula (3d).
The beneficial effects of the present invention is:
1. using small size sample in the method for the present invention, under the conditions of sample dimensions is not required to meet existing specification mensuration Linear Elasticity Fracture, the height of test specimen, thickness, incipient crack length etc. will be more than the strict demands of certain numerical value.
2. the present invention uses a kind of sample and method of testing, can determine cement mortar or the hot strength of concrete and fracture toughness simultaneously.Overcome sample and the loading method determining that the hot strength of cement mortar and concrete and fracture toughness need to use different types at present.
3., for the formation of initial crack of fracture toughness test, only need to use cutting machine joint-cutting, without the prefabricated crack carried out when test specimen pours.Greatly reduce the difficulty in processing sample crack, alleviate corresponding workload.
4. by parameter γ dmaxConsider the fracture propagation amount that peak load is corresponding, thus can accurately estimate the discreteness of bulk testing result, calculate hot strength and the fracture toughness of single test specimen, i.e. from statistics angular configurations γ=1.0, the meansigma methods of bulk testing can be calculated；When accurately solving hot strength and the fracture toughness of each test specimen, then γ can value 0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 ... 2.0.
5. the method form of the present invention is simple, test easily operation, has enough accuracy, and easily judged result reasonability.The method only need to be determined hot strength f of cement mortar by the peak load of small-size test piece the most simultaneouslytWith fracture toughness KIC.Need not meet existing domestic and international specification to test sample size, pattern, the strict regulations of loading environment etc..
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is stress envelope when Specimen Shape of the present invention and peak load；
Fig. 2 is λ dmaxValue schematic diagram: wherein, Fig. 2 a represents value during γ=1.0 under statistical significance；Fig. 2 b represents γ=0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 ... accurate value when 2.0；
Fig. 3 is to be returned the cement mortar hot strength determined and fracture toughness schematic diagram by embodiment 1 test data: wherein, Fig. 3 a is hot strength and the fracture toughness of First Series test specimen L × B × W=400 × 50 × 100mm；Fig. 3 b is hot strength and the fracture toughness of second series test specimen L × B × W=240 × 50 × 60mm；
Fig. 4 is to be returned the Analysis of Concrete Tensile intensity determined and fracture toughness schematic diagram by embodiment 2 test data.
Detailed description of the invention
The detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but following example are used only to describe the present invention in detail, and limit the scope of the present invention never in any form.Some steps involved in following example or method, if no special instructions, be the conventional method of this area, involved material, instrument and equipment, if no special instructions, is conventional material and instrument and equipment.
First, by given cement mortar mix ratio requirement, pouring size and be the cement mortar of W × B × L or concrete by three-point bending beam test specimen 15～40, wherein, W is height of specimen, and B is specimen thickness, and L is test specimen effective length, and test specimen meets L/W=2.5,4 or 8.On the premise of meeting testing machine measuring accuracy requirement and other supporting measuring instrument required precisions, size W of test specimen can be sufficiently small.
After above-mentioned test piece maintenance to the age that regulation requires, using cutting machine that described test specimen is cut out crack respectively, fracture length is a0, the seam of test specimen is high than α=a0/ W is value in the range of 0.02～0.75；Therefrom choosing 5～8 kind of different test specimen stitching high ratio, every kind of seam height is than corresponding 3～5 test specimens.
Embodiment 1: the present embodiment 1 tests cement mortar maximum aggregate size d usedmax=2.5mm.Divide two series: First Series L × B × W=400 × 50 × 100mm, initial seam is high than α=a0/ W=0.03～0.72, W/dmax=40.Second series L × B × W=240 × 50 × 60mm, initial seam is high than α=a0/ W=0.04～0.68, W/dmax=24.
Seeing Fig. 1, it is considered to cement mortar is quasi-brittle material, stress distribution during peak load is as it is shown in figure 1, the fracture propagation amount Δ a of correspondencefic=γ dmax.Based on following formula (2), by the peak load P surveyedmax, the nominal strength σ of each test specimen can be calculatedn:
Consider γ=1.0 from statistics angle, the meansigma methods of cement mortar hot strength and fracture toughness can be calculated, see Fig. 2 a.Consider that the discreteness problem of cement mortar result of the test accurately solves, γ=0.2 can be made, 0.4,0.6,0.8 ... 2.0, calculate the exact value of cement mortar hot strength and fracture toughness, see Fig. 2 b.
Equivalent fissure length a of each test specimeneCan be calculated by following formula (3a)～(3d):
As L/W=2.5,
As L/W=4,
As L/W=8, Y (α)=1.106-1.552 α+7.71 α2-13.53α3+14.23α4
Formula (3d).
Obtain different σnWith aeAfter, bring formula (1) into and carry out regression analysis, hot strength f of cement mortar can be drawn simultaneouslytWith fracture toughness KIC:
Embodiment 1 test data returns the cement mortar hot strength determined and sees Fig. 3 with fracture toughness result, and wherein, Fig. 3 a is hot strength and the fracture toughness of First Series test specimen L × B × W=400 × 50 × 100mm；Fig. 3 b is hot strength and the fracture toughness of second series test specimen L × B × W=240 × 50 × 60mm.The cement mortar hot strength determined and fracture toughness data see table 1.
Cement mortar hot strength that table 1 embodiment 1 determines and fracture toughness
Visible, see from the statistical significance, when γ=1.0, cement mortar hot strength all can match with test actual measurement meansigma methods with fracture toughness.If considering the discreteness of each different test specimens in test, then γ=0.6,0.8 ... 2.0.
Embodiment 2: the present embodiment 2 tests aggregate maximum particle diameter d usedmax=19mm.Sample dimensions L × B × W=1143 × 76.2 × 305mm, initial seam is high than α=a0/ W=0.36～0.68, W/dmax=16.
Stress distribution during test specimen peak load is as it is shown in figure 1, the fracture propagation amount Δ a of correspondencefic=γ dmax.Based on formula (2), by the peak load surveyed, the nominal strength σ of each test specimen can be calculatedn。
Consider γ=1.0 from statistics angle, the meansigma methods of Analysis of Concrete Tensile intensity and fracture toughness can be calculated.Consider that the discreteness problem of concrete test result accurately solves, then make γ=0.6,0.8 ... 2.0, calculate the exact value of Analysis of Concrete Tensile intensity and fracture toughness.
Equivalent fissure length a of each test specimeneCan be calculated by formula (3a)～(3d).
Obtain different σnWith aeAfter, bring formula (1) into and carry out regression analysis, hot strength f of concrete can be drawn simultaneouslytWith fracture toughness KIC.The formula (1) of indication in embodiment (2), formula (2), formula (3a)～(3d) in the same manner as in Example 1.
See Fig. 4, return the Analysis of Concrete Tensile intensity determined and fracture toughness result for embodiment 2 test data.The Analysis of Concrete Tensile intensity determined and the concrete data of fracture toughness see table 2.
Analysis of Concrete Tensile intensity that table 2 embodiment 2 determines and fracture toughness
| γ | ft/MPa | KIC/MPa·m1/2 |
| 0.2 | 7.00 | 1.26 |
| 0.4 | 5.84 | 1.32 |
| 0.6 | 5.13 | 1.38 |
| 0.8 | 4.55 | 1.49 |
| 1.0 | 4.10 | 1.63 |
| 1.2 | 3.73 | 1.91 |
Described above to disclosed embodiment, makes those skilled in the art be capable of or uses the present invention.Revising apparent to those skilled in the art to the many places of these embodiments, generic principles defined herein can realize on the premise of the spirit or scope without departing from invention in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention will be not restricted to these embodiments illustrated herein, and be to fit to the widest range consistent with principles disclosed herein and features of novelty.
Claims (6)
1. the method simultaneously measuring cement mortar or Analysis of Concrete Tensile intensity and fracture toughness, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) by given cement mortar or concrete mix requirement, pour a number of size and be cement mortar or the concrete by three-point bending beam test specimen of W × B × L, wherein, W is height of specimen, B is specimen thickness, and L is test specimen effective length, and test specimen meets L/W=2.5,4 or 8；
(2) by after step (1) gained test piece maintenance to the age that regulation requires, using cutting machine that described test specimen is cut out crack respectively, fracture length is a0, the seam of test specimen is high than α=a0/ W is value in the range of 0.02～0.75；Therefrom choosing 5～8 kind of different test specimen stitching high ratio, every kind of seam height is than corresponding 3～5 test specimens；
(3) on common pressure testing machine or universal testing machine, load by static loading test method and be destroyed to test specimen, process of the test records the peak load P of each test specimenmax；
(4) peak load of each test specimen based on step (3) gained, calculates the nominal strength σ of each test specimenn；
(5) equivalent fissure length a of each test specimen is calculatede；
(6) by step (4), the different σ of step (5) gainednWith aeValue, brings following formula (1) into and carries out regression analysis,
Hot strength f of cement mortar or concrete can be drawn simultaneouslytWith fracture toughness KIC。
The method simultaneously measuring cement mortar or Analysis of Concrete Tensile intensity and fracture toughness the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step (2), described seam is high than α=a0The value of/W is followed successively by 0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25,0.3,0.35,0.4,0.45,0.5,0.55,0.6,0.65,0.7.
The method simultaneously measuring cement mortar or Analysis of Concrete Tensile intensity and fracture toughness the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step (4), following formula (2) calculate the nominal strength σ of each test specimenn,
In formula (2), W1=W-a0；W2=W1-(γ·dmax)；W3=W1+(γ·dmax)；PmaxPeak load is surveyed for each test specimen；B is specimen thickness；a0For incipient crack length, γ dmaxFor peak load PmaxCorresponding incipient crack propagation；dmaxFor maximum aggregate size.
The method simultaneously measuring cement mortar or Analysis of Concrete Tensile intensity and fracture toughness the most according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, in described formula (2), when γ=1.0, draw the meansigma methods of cement mortar or concrete strength and toughness from statistics angle calculation；
When γ=0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8 ... when 2.0, from the discreteness angle of cement mortar or the material property of concrete, calculate the exact value of cement mortar or concrete strength and toughness.
The method simultaneously measuring cement mortar or Analysis of Concrete Tensile intensity and fracture toughness the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step (5), equivalent fissure length a of each test specimeneCalculated by following formula (3a)～(3d):
As L/W=2.5,
As L/W=4,
As L/W=8, Y (α)=1.106-1.552 α+7.71 α2-13.53α3+14.23α4
Formula (3d)；
In above formula, a0For incipient crack length；α is seam height ratio；Y (α) is geometry affecting parameters.
The method simultaneously measuring cement mortar or Analysis of Concrete Tensile intensity and fracture toughness the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step (1), the number of test-pieces poured is 15～40.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN107063792A (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-08-18 | 华北水利水电大学 | The method that the concrete initiation angle of no dimensional effect is determined by small-size test piece |
| CN108760501A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-06 | 华北水利水电大学 | The method that rock fracture toughness and tensile strength are determined by compact tension specimen |
| CN108918265A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-30 | 华北水利水电大学 | Fracture Toughness of Concrete and tensile strength measuring method and application without dimensional effect |
| CN109030204A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-18 | 华北水利水电大学 | The method and application of Fracture Toughness of Concrete and tensile strength are measured simultaneously |
| CN109115630A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-01 | 河南海格尔高温材料有限公司 | The characterizing method of refractory material toughness |
| CN113405913A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-17 | 重庆交通大学 | Device for soil fracture toughness and tensile strength and using method thereof |
| CN114970093A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-08-30 | 华北水利水电大学 | Construction and application of concrete material strength and fracture toughness compatibility regulation and control model |
| CN115326556A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-11-11 | 华北水利水电大学 | Method for simultaneously predicting tensile strength and fracture toughness of concrete based on diagonal cube splitting test piece |
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| CN108760501A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-06 | 华北水利水电大学 | The method that rock fracture toughness and tensile strength are determined by compact tension specimen |
| CN108918265A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-30 | 华北水利水电大学 | Fracture Toughness of Concrete and tensile strength measuring method and application without dimensional effect |
| CN109030204A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-18 | 华北水利水电大学 | The method and application of Fracture Toughness of Concrete and tensile strength are measured simultaneously |
| CN108918265B (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2021-02-09 | 华北水利水电大学 | Method for measuring fracture toughness and tensile strength of concrete without size effect and application |
| CN109030204B (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2021-02-09 | 华北水利水电大学 | Method for simultaneously measuring fracture toughness and tensile strength of concrete and application |
| CN109115630A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2019-01-01 | 河南海格尔高温材料有限公司 | The characterizing method of refractory material toughness |
| CN113405913A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-17 | 重庆交通大学 | Device for soil fracture toughness and tensile strength and using method thereof |
| CN113405913B (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2024-01-26 | 重庆交通大学 | Device for soil body fracture toughness and tensile strength and application method thereof |
| CN115326556A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-11-11 | 华北水利水电大学 | Method for simultaneously predicting tensile strength and fracture toughness of concrete based on diagonal cube splitting test piece |
| CN114970093A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-08-30 | 华北水利水电大学 | Construction and application of concrete material strength and fracture toughness compatibility regulation and control model |
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