CN110723970B - 一种温度稳定性强的高温电子陶瓷材料及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种温度稳定性强的高温电子陶瓷材料及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110723970B
CN110723970B CN201911105113.7A CN201911105113A CN110723970B CN 110723970 B CN110723970 B CN 110723970B CN 201911105113 A CN201911105113 A CN 201911105113A CN 110723970 B CN110723970 B CN 110723970B
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戴中华
朱远超
谢景龙
刘卫国
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种压电性能稳定性强的高温电子陶瓷材料及制备方法,其制备的电子陶瓷材料相对密度高、结晶良好,有效提高了压电陶瓷的高温稳定性,对在高温环境下的压电驱动器以及压电传感器有很好的应用前景。本发明采用下述材料制备:PbO、Bi2O3、Sc2O3、TiO2和ZrO2粉末,PbO、Bi2O3、Sc2O3、TiO2、ZrO2的摩尔比为64:18:17.28:64:1.44。本发明包括以下步骤:(1)预烧结;(2)固相烧结:烧结过程分为三步:①将压好的陶瓷片放在烘箱内,保温1h;②在马弗炉内缓慢升温至排胶温度,保温2h;③升温至烧结温度并在同组分气氛保护下保温2h烧结成瓷,自然冷却至室温。

Description

一种温度稳定性强的高温电子陶瓷材料及制备方法
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种多铁性铁酸铋基电子功能陶瓷的制备方法,尤其是涉及一种温度稳定性强的高温电子陶瓷材料及制备方法。
背景技术:
电子陶瓷材料主要是指具有电磁功能的一类功能陶瓷,广泛运用于电子工业、微电子及光电子工业中,是电子信息领域重要基础元件。它是以电、磁、光、热和力等性能及其相互转化为特征,是通讯、自动控制、医疗、机械、汽车、航空航天和生物技术等众多高技术领域中的关键材料。
电子陶瓷材料的常规烧结方法有:固相烧结、热压烧结、微波烧结等。其中固相法烧结较为普遍,当前工业生产仍大量采用此法。固相法的基本工艺是将原料按所需的化学计量比配好,然后经球磨混合均匀、预烧、二次球磨、烧结,得到陶瓷本体。此法存在的缺点是:(1)原料中各组分难以混合到理想的均匀状态;(2)煅烧温度高;(3)高温下部分原料易挥发,因而难以得到严格符合化学计量比的烧结体;(4)整个工艺过程中易混杂,得不到纯度高的粉体,将最终影响材料的性能。
常规烧结方法在制备多铁性陶瓷材料时都会出现相对密度较低、杂相较多的问题,因此烧结样品的性能难以得到保证。
中国专利(ZL200610056980.2)为一种压电陶瓷组合物及其制造方法,其主要成分为以Pb、Ti、Zr为构成元素的复合氧化物,含有从Mn、Co、Cr、Fe、 Ni中选择的至少一种作为第一副成分。压电陶瓷组合物在还原烧成条件下烧成,可以抑制高温下电阻、电气机械结合系数的下降。但与本专利相比,其高温下的压电性能不突出。
中国专利申请(201811220411.6)为一种耐高温压电陶瓷及其制备工艺,本发明公开一种耐高温压电陶瓷及其制备工艺,属于压电陶瓷技术领域。耐高温压电陶瓷的分子式为:Pb0.95Mg0.025Ba0.025(Zr0.54Ti0.46)O3+0.9% La2O3+0.9%Nb2O5+0.5%CeO2+0.225%MnO2;其中,0.9%、0.9%、0.5%和 0.225%均为占总质量的质量比。本发明还提供一种耐高温压电陶瓷的制备工艺,通过添加Ce、Mn元素来改善材料的温度稳定性,使其满足生产要求的在200℃温度下稳定使用的压电陶瓷,本发明的耐高温压电陶瓷可以用于油井探测、航空航天等高温环境下的压电传感器。与该专利相比,其不足之处在耐高温能力较弱,我们的压电陶瓷可在350℃以下的温度下稳定工作,最高使用温度提高了约150℃。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于提供一种温度稳定性强的高温电子陶瓷材料及制备方法,其制备的电子陶瓷材料相对密度高、结晶良好,有效提高了压电陶瓷的高温稳定性。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种温度稳定性强的高温电子陶瓷材料,其特征在于:采用下述材料制备: PbO、Bi2O3、Sc2O3、TiO2和ZrO2粉末,PbO、Bi2O3、Sc2O3、TiO2、ZrO2的摩尔比为64:18:17.28:64:1.44。
作为优选,步骤(1)中,PbO的纯度为99.0%,Bi2O3的纯度为99.0%, Sc2O3的纯度为99.99%,TiO2的纯度为99.0%,ZrO2的纯度为99.0%。
一种温度稳定性强的高温电子陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)预烧结
将高纯PbO、Bi2O3、Sc2O3、TiO2和ZrO2粉末按化学计量比称料混合,球磨 15~20小时后干燥,置于坩埚内,在750℃下预烧结2小时后随炉自然冷却,得到预烧结粉体;
(2)固相烧结
将步骤(1)制得的预烧结的粉体二次球磨获得颗粒均匀的粉料,加入7wt%的PVA粘结剂造粒,并依次过80目和100目筛网,使颗粒介于0.12~0.18mm 之间,然后在200MPa的压力下干压成
Figure BDA0002271062550000031
的圆片,厚度t为1mm。烧结过程分为三步:
①将压好的陶瓷片放在烘箱内,保温1h;
②在马弗炉内缓慢升温至排胶温度,保温2h;
③升温至烧结温度并在同组分铅铋气氛保护下保温2h烧结成瓷,自然冷却至室温。
作为优选,步骤①中,干燥箱温度为110℃。
作为优选,步骤②中,以2℃/min的升温速率升至600℃。
作为优选,步骤③中,烧结温度为1090℃下烧结2小时。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有的优点和效果如下:
1、本发明提供的一种新型烧结高温电子功能陶瓷的方法,采用不同粉径混合的混杂工艺及三温度段烧结的方法,制备得到的陶瓷铁电、压电性能较传统方法有明显提高。
2、本发明的高温压电陶瓷因为采用混杂工艺及三段烧结方法,孔隙率低,结晶度好,密度较一般烧结样品高,材料的压电常数d33达到470pC/N,在50℃、 100℃、150℃、200℃、250℃、300℃、350℃各保温12h,然后测量压电常数 d33,发现随着温度的升高,Zr4+掺杂的压电陶瓷在室温~350℃之间压电常数d33变化不大,而未掺杂的该体系压电陶瓷在300℃附近就开始出现压电常数d33明显下降,通过Zr4+的引入提高了压电陶瓷的高温稳定性。
3、适用范围广,尤其对在高温环境下的压电驱动器以及压电传感器有很好的应用前景。
附图说明:
图1为实施例1中多电子功能陶瓷的X射线衍射图谱;
图2为实施例1中电子功能陶瓷的断面扫描电镜图;
图3为实施例1中电子功能陶瓷的介电性能图,为Zr掺杂0.36BiScO3-0.64PbTiO3陶瓷的介电常数与损耗图。
具体实施方式:
本发明为一种温度稳定性强的高温电子陶瓷材料及制备方法,主要从材料的化学组成入手,通过改变制备合成工艺条件实现对其性能的优化。陶瓷材料成分为xBi(ScyZr1-y)O3-(1-x)PbTiO3,且x=0.3~0.4,y=0~0.1。所述材料的制备过程是将高纯PbO(99.0%)、Bi2O3(99.0%)、Sc2O3(99.99%)、TiO2(99.0%)和 ZrO2(99.0%)粉体按化学计量比混合并球磨后干燥,采用三步烧结法,在高温下烧制成压电陶瓷材料。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述,但本发明并不限于以下实施例,所述方法如无特别说明均为常规方法。本发明使用的Fe2O3纯度为99.99%,由Johnson-Matthey公司购得;Bi2O3纯度为99.9%,由Kishida公司购得;BaCO3纯度为99.99%,由KantoChemical公司购得;TiO2纯度为99.9%,由Aldrich Chemical公司购得;ZrO2纯度为99.99%,由Aldrich Chemical公司购得。本发明涉及的相对密度为实际密度与理论计算密度的比值。
实施例1
将PbO、Bi2O3、Sc2O3、TiO2和ZrO2粉末按摩尔比为64:18:17.28:64:2.06的比例进行混合并球磨18小时后,干燥,压片,将压好的柱状块体放置于烧结炉中烧结,在550℃下预烧结6小时,自然冷却;预烧结的陶瓷片经过粉碎并球磨为粉末后,压片,将压好的柱状块体置于烧结炉中烧结,在达到850℃前快速升温,升温速率为10℃/min,850℃后降低升温速率,升温速率为6℃/min。温度升高至 1130℃后保温5分钟,再以10℃/min的降温速率将温度快速降低至1080℃并烧结 2.5小时,最后以5℃/min的降温速率将温度降低至1030℃,保温8小时,烧结完毕。随后自然冷却至室温,即得高温电子功能陶瓷,相对密度为96%。
用X射线衍射仪(RINT 2000,Rigaku)检测样品烧结各阶段相组成,如图1所示,是典型的钙钛矿结构,没有其它杂相的衍射峰。所得电子功能陶瓷的断面扫描电镜图如图2所示,陶瓷微粒粒度为4~8μm,组织致密,结晶良好。
实施例2
将PbO、Bi2O3、Sc2O3、TiO2和ZrO2粉末按摩尔比为64:18:17.28:64:1.44的比例进行混合并球磨15小时后,干燥,压片,将压好的柱状块体放置于烧结炉中烧结,在580℃下预烧结6小时,自然冷却;预烧结的陶瓷片经过粉碎并球磨为粉末后,压片,将压好的柱状块体置于烧结炉中烧结,在800℃前快速升温,升温速率为10℃/min,800℃后降低升温速率,升温速率为6℃/min。温度升高至1030℃后保温5分钟,再以10℃/min的降温速率将温度快速降低至980℃并烧结3小时,最后以5℃/min的降温速率将温度降低至950℃,保温10小时,烧结完毕。随后自然冷却至室温,即得多铁性铁酸铋基电子功能陶瓷,相对密度为92%。
实施例3
将PbO、Bi2O3、Sc2O3、TiO2和ZrO2粉末按摩尔比为64:18:18:64:1.05的比例进行混合并球磨20小时后,干燥,压片,将压好的柱状块体放置于烧结炉中烧结,在500℃下预烧结4小时,自然冷却;预烧结的陶瓷片经过粉碎并球磨为粉末后,压片,将压好的柱状块体置于烧结炉中烧结,在900℃前快速升温,升温速率为 10℃/min,900℃后降低升温速率,升温速率为6℃/min。温度升高至1230℃后保温3分钟,再以10℃/min的降温速率将温度快速降低至1180℃并烧结2小时,最后以5℃/min的降温速率将温度降低至1130℃,保温8小时,烧结完毕。随后自然冷却至室温,即得高温电子功能陶瓷,相对密度为93%。
实验测试:
实施例1为最佳实施例,对实施例1制得的高温电子功能陶瓷进行性能测试。
采用马弗炉(L22-I/RZQ)对其进行氧气退火,采用红外感应加热炉(ImageFurnace)获得良好的控温条件及ULVAC公司的真空抽取装置(GP-2A)获得大气压力为1Pa的真空退火环境;不同热处理条件下的样品电阻率用 HP4339A-HP16339A型绝缘电阻测试仪进行测试。真空条件下退火后的样品的剩余极化强度达到59.5μC/cm2,较氧气中退火处理的样品的32.5μC/cm2有明显提高。使用安捷伦4980LCR分析仪测量其介电特性,测试频率分别为75kHz,120kHz, 300kHz,1MH。采用中国科学院声学研究所的压电测试仪进行压电系数d33的测量(ZJ-6B),测得压电系数d33=470pC/N,高于普通的固相法制备的该材料压电常数d33值360pC/N,相较之下,本发明制得的电子功能陶瓷的压电性能好,机械能与电能之间转换效率较高。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效,以及部分运用的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (1)

1.一种温度稳定性强的高温电子陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:将PbO、Bi2O3、Sc2O3、TiO2和ZrO2粉末按摩尔比为64:18:17.28:64:2.06的比例进行混合并球磨18小时后,干燥,压片,将压好的柱状块体放置于烧结炉中烧结,在550℃下预烧结6小时,自然冷却;预烧结的陶瓷片经过粉碎并球磨为粉末后,压片,将压好的柱状块体置于烧结炉中烧结,在达到850℃前快速升温,升温速率为10℃/min,850℃后降低升温速率,升温速率为6℃/min,温度升高至1130℃后保温5分钟,再以10℃/min的降温速率将温度快速降低至1080℃并烧结2.5小时,最后以5℃/min的降温速率将温度降低至1030℃,保温8小时,烧结完毕,随后自然冷却至室温,即得高温电子功能陶瓷,相对密度为96%。
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