CN110720340A - Greenhouse vegetable aphid prevention and control method - Google Patents
Greenhouse vegetable aphid prevention and control method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110720340A CN110720340A CN201910974359.1A CN201910974359A CN110720340A CN 110720340 A CN110720340 A CN 110720340A CN 201910974359 A CN201910974359 A CN 201910974359A CN 110720340 A CN110720340 A CN 110720340A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- aphids
- wormwood
- greenhouse
- yellow
- moxa
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/02—Stationary means for catching or killing insects with devices or substances, e.g. food, pheronones attracting the insects
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/14—Catching by adhesive surfaces
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling greenhouse vegetable aphids, and belongs to the technical field of gardening cultivation. The prevention and control method for greenhouse vegetable aphids comprises the following steps: cultivating a wormwood bush; releasing coccinella septempunctata or chrysopa perla; planting crops; hanging a yellow pest sticking plate; and (5) harvesting crops. The invention adopts the combined action of the wormwood, the coccinella septempunctata or the chrysopa septempunctata and the yellow armyworm plate to prevent and control aphids, and specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, utilizing the feeding tendency of aphids to tender wormwood leaves to trap the aphids to the tender wormwood leaves; secondly, releasing predatory aphids of the coccinella septempunctata or the lacewing flies; thirdly, a yellow armyworm plate is hung above the wormwood, and winged aphids are induced to the yellow armyworm plate by utilizing the characteristic that the aphids tend to be yellow, so that the winged aphids cannot escape. The three components have the combined action, the aphid prevention and control effect is good, the damage of the aphids to crops can be avoided, the population density of the field aphids can be rapidly and effectively reduced, pesticide residue and the drug resistance of the aphids cannot be caused, and the purpose of physically and biologically preventing and controlling the aphids is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preventing and controlling greenhouse vegetable aphids, and belongs to the technical field of gardening cultivation.
Background
Aphids, also known as greates and mealworms, are a group of phytophagous insects including all members of the aphid superfamily. A total of 10 aphids have been found, of which there are about 4400, most of which belong to the Aphididae family. Aphids are also one of the most destructive pests on earth. Aphids can cause direct damage by sucking the juice of leaves, stems, tender heads and tender ears, and can also cause indirect damage by spreading virus diseases and the like. Greenhouse vegetable aphids contain several of aphids which are harmful vegetable species, one is cabbage aphids, also called radish aphids and cabbage aphids, and are often mixed with peach aphids, and mainly comprise the harmful brassica oleracea, flowering cabbage, Chinese cabbage, radish, mustard, green vegetables, cabbage, cauliflower, turnip and other cruciferous vegetables, preference for Chinese cabbage and mustard, and are harmful vegetable leaf backs or young tips and young leaves of the reserved plants, and the damaged young leaves are deformed and shrunk downwards, so that the plants are short and small, the reserved plants cannot be normally subjected to bolting, flowering and seed setting, and virus diseases are transmitted at the same time. The other is the aphid of melon, also called cotton aphid, mainly harming melon and solanaceous vegetables, adult and nymph suck plant juice on leaf back and tender stem, after tender leaf and growing point are harmed, leaf rolling, plant wilting, even withering; the old leaves are damaged and withered in advance, the fruiting period is shortened, and the yield is reduced.
At present, the method of spraying pesticides is usually adopted in greenhouse vegetable production to kill aphids, so that pesticide pollution to crops can be caused, manpower can be consumed, expenditure cost is high, and pesticide is adopted for killing the aphids for a long time, so that the aphids can generate drug resistance.
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a method for preventing and controlling aphids on greenhouse vegetables, so as to solve the deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for preventing and controlling greenhouse vegetable aphids. The invention adopts the combined action of the wormwood, the coccinella septempunctata or the chrysopa septempunctata and the yellow armyworm plate to prevent and control aphids, and specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, utilizing the feeding tendency of aphids to tender folium artemisiae argyi, trapping the aphids to tender leaves near the growth point of the folium artemisiae argyi; secondly, releasing predatory aphids of the coccinella septempunctata or the lacewing flies; thirdly, a yellow armyworm plate is hung above the wormwood, and winged aphids are induced to the yellow armyworm plate by utilizing the characteristic that the aphids tend to be yellow, so that the winged aphids cannot escape. The three components have the combined action, the effect of preventing and treating the aphids is good, the quantity of the aphids in the field can be quickly and effectively controlled, pesticide residue and the drug resistance of the aphids cannot be caused, and the aim of physically and biologically preventing and treating the aphids is achieved.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for preventing and controlling greenhouse vegetable aphids comprises the following steps:
step 1: cultivation of wormwood bush
Planting 15m according to the area of each mu of greenhouse2-20m2Dividing a plurality of moxa clump planting areas according to the proportion of the moxa clumps, turning soil, leveling into strip-shaped ridges and watering thoroughly;
taking fresh old moxa roots, respectively shearing the old moxa roots into root sections, uniformly placing the root sections into strip-shaped furrows, covering soil, watering thoroughly, then covering a plastic film, and removing the plastic film when new leaves grow out within 7-20 days; then, keeping the soil moist and removing weeds in time, and controlling the length of the wormwood to be less than or equal to 60cm and more than or equal to 15 cm;
step 2: releasing coccinella septempunctata or lacewing
When aphids begin to gather near the moxa growing point, the coccinella septempunctata or the chrysopa perla is released to the moxa clump according to the proportion that 20-40 coccinella septempunctata or chrysopa perla are released per square meter of the moxa clump;
and step 3: crops for field planting
Preparing soil outside a planting area of a moxa cluster in the greenhouse, fertilizing, then preparing the soil into a ridge bed, planting crops when the length of the moxa is more than or equal to 6cm, and performing conventional management;
and 4, step 4: hang yellow mythimna separata board
7d-10d after releasing the coccinella septempunctata or the lacewing, hanging 1 yellow armyworm plate at the position 10cm-15cm above the wormwood cluster in the step 1 according to the proportion that 1 yellow armyworm plate is hung in each square meter of wormwood cluster area;
and 5: harvesting of crops
After the crops are harvested, the greenhouse is cleaned, and the wormwood tufts are trimmed and maintained for the crops in the next season.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
first, mugwort, also known as Bitai, Thalassia, Artemisia vulgaris, mugwort, moxa, moxibustion, medicinals, yellow grass, moxa, etc., which are perennial herbs or slightly half shrubs, and the plants have strong fragrance. No report related to the application of wormwood to aphid control exists in the prior art. The inventor of the application conducts agricultural research work throughout the year, and found that aphids have strong feeding tendency on tender leaves of wormwood through experiments. In the step 1, weeds are removed in time, so that the effect of attracting aphids by wormwood can be prevented from being influenced by other weeds. The length of the wormwood is controlled to be less than or equal to 60cm and more than or equal to 15cm, so that the effect of trapping aphids is achieved, and the phenomenon that the growth of crops in the greenhouse is affected by overhigh wormwood is avoided.
Secondly, the aphids are successfully gathered into the wormwood clumps from the crops in the whole production area by utilizing the strong feeding tendency of the aphids to tender leaves near the growth point of the wormwood, so that the crops are prevented from being damaged by the aphids and the aphids are conveniently and intensively killed.
And thirdly, the coccinella septempunctata or the chrysopa perla are natural enemies of the aphids, and the coccinella septempunctata or the chrysopa perla are released at the initial stage of the occurrence of the aphids, so that the aphids can be predated, the population density of the aphids can be quickly reduced in a short time, and the number of the aphids can be effectively controlled.
And fourthly, hanging a yellow armyworm plate above the wormwood, and luring the winged aphids to the yellow armyworm plate by utilizing the characteristic that the aphids tend to be yellow so that the winged aphids cannot escape.
In conclusion, the combined action of the wormwood, the coccinella septempunctata or the lacewing fly and the yellow armyworm plate has good aphid trapping and killing effect, can prevent crops from being damaged by aphids, can also quickly and effectively control the number of field aphids, can not cause pesticide residue and the drug resistance of the aphids, and achieves the purposes of physical prevention and biological prevention and control of the aphids.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts the combined action of the wormwood, the coccinella septempunctata or the chrysopa septempunctata and the yellow armyworm plate to prevent and control aphids, and specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, utilizing the feeding tendency of aphids to tender folium artemisiae argyi, trapping the aphids to tender leaves near the growth point of the folium artemisiae argyi; secondly, releasing predatory aphids of the coccinella septempunctata or the lacewing flies; thirdly, a yellow armyworm plate is hung above the wormwood cluster, and winged aphids are induced to the yellow armyworm plate by utilizing the characteristic that the aphids tend to be yellow, so that the winged aphids cannot escape. The three have the combined action, the effect of trapping and killing the aphids is good, the crops can be prevented from being damaged by the aphids, the quantity of the field aphids can be effectively controlled rapidly, pesticide residue and the drug resistance of the aphids cannot be caused, and the purpose of physically and biologically preventing and treating the aphids is achieved.
2. The method of the invention is more environment-friendly. The invention combines physics and biology to prevent and control aphids, and is more beneficial to protecting ecological environment and protecting health of consumers compared with a method of spraying pesticides.
3. The method of the invention is more cost-effective. Compared with a method for spraying pesticides, the method saves the labor cost and pesticide cost for multiple pesticide application, and the cost for hanging 15-20 yellow pest sticking plates per mu of greenhouse area is about 20 yuan, which is far lower than the labor and pesticide cost required by repeated pesticide spraying. The coccinella septempunctata or the chrysopa perla can be artificially propagated or purchased, the wormwood clump can be effectively planted once for a long time, and the cost can be neglected.
4. The method of the invention has higher efficiency. The pesticide control method is adopted, repeated pesticide application is often needed, and crops can still be harmed by the aphids due to the drug resistance and drug resistance of the aphids to the pesticide and the influence of human factors in the pesticide spraying operation. The invention can trap aphids from crops to wormwood clumps at the initial stage of aphid occurrence, and then utilizes natural enemy predation and yellow board trapping to ensure that the aphids can be quickly eliminated in a short time without any chance of damaging the crops, and can not generate drug resistance and be not influenced by human factors. Therefore, the invention can provide a more friendly growing environment for crops.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, in the step 1, the wormwood cluster planting area is arranged at the periphery and/or the middle position in the greenhouse.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the wormwood planting areas are respectively arranged at the periphery and/or the middle position in the greenhouse, so that an effective wormwood cluster can be formed, and inconvenience in planting crops in the greenhouse can be avoided.
Further, in the step 1, the area of the single wormwood planting area is more than or equal to 0.5m2。
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: can better concentrate the smell emitted by the wormwood, form an effective aphid trapping area and achieve the effect of efficiently trapping aphids.
Further, in the step 1, the length of the root section is 3cm-5cm and the root section is provided with more than two sections.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the length of the root section is 3cm-5cm, which can provide enough nutrition for the growth of the sprout, and the probability of at least one sprout growing from the root section can be increased by more than two sections.
Further, in the step 1, the width of the strip-shaped ridge is 15cm-20cm, and the length of the strip-shaped ridge is 5m-10 m.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: not only can form an effective wormwood cluster, but also can avoid inconvenience for planting greenhouse crops.
Further, in the step 1, the root sections are uniformly placed in the strip-shaped ridges at intervals of 3cm × 3cm, so that dense wormwood clumps can be formed after wormwood germination.
Further, in the step 1, the thickness of the covering soil is 2cm-3cm, so that heat preservation and moisture preservation effects can be achieved, and the germination of new buds is promoted.
Further, in the step 1, the thickness of the plastic film is 0.01cm, so that heat preservation and moisture preservation effects can be achieved, and the germination of the new buds is promoted.
Further, in the step 3, the fertilization refers to applying 1800kg-2200kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu.
The further beneficial effects of the adoption are as follows: by adopting the organic fertilizer, the fertility of cultivated land can be effectively improved, the soil fertilizer supply environment can be improved, and the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved.
Furthermore, in the organic fertilizer, the mass percentage of organic matters is more than or equal to 45%, and the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 5%.
Further, in step 3, the crop is any one of wuta-tsai, young Chinese cabbage, radish, mustard, green vegetables, cabbage, cauliflower, turnip, pumpkin, cucumber, tomato and eggplant.
The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the two kinds of aphids related to the invention can damage various vegetables of cruciferae, solanaceous vegetables and melon crops, and the method of the invention has effect on the aphids on various vegetables of cruciferae, solanaceous vegetables and melon crops.
Further, in step 4, the yellow insect-sticking plate has a length of 25cm × a width of 20 cm.
The yellow armyworm plate is commercially available, such as from Hangzhou Kogyo Linnaeus Tech technologies, Inc.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a field planting situation diagram for preventing and controlling pumpkin aphids by the combined action of an wormwood cluster, a coccinella septempunctata and a armyworm yellow plate in the embodiment 1 of the invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following detailed drawings, which are given by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The greenhouse aphid prevention and control method is carried out in vegetable test gardens of Guangxi special crop research institute, and the area of each greenhouse is 150m2The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: cultivation of wormwood bush
In 2019, 3 months, at 150m2A plurality of wormwood cluster planting areas are divided at the periphery and the middle position of the greenhouse, and the total number of the wormwood cluster planting areas is 5m2And the areas of the single moxa cone planting areas are respectively 0.8m2、0.8m2、1.2m2、1.1m2、1.1m2The width of each ridge is 20cm, soil is turned and leveled into strip-shaped ridgesAnd (5) watering thoroughly.
Taking a plurality of fresh old moxa roots, respectively cutting the old moxa roots into root sections with the length of 5cm and more than two sections, uniformly placing the root sections into strip-shaped furrows, wherein the distance is 3cm multiplied by 3cm, the soil covering thickness is 2cm, thoroughly watering the root sections, covering a plastic film with the thickness of 0.01cm, and removing the plastic film when new leaves grow out after 15 days; then, the soil is kept moist, weeds are pulled out in time, and the length of the wormwood is controlled to be less than or equal to 60cm and more than or equal to 15 cm.
Step 2: crops for field planting
Soil preparation is carried out on the soil outside the moxa clump planting area of the greenhouse, 1800kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu, the mass percentage of organic matters in the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45%, the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 5%, a ridge bed is formed in a shaping mode, the width of each ridge bed is 90cm, the height of each ridge bed is 12cm, the distance between every two adjacent ridge beds is 30cm, the 3 month day is 29 days, the length of the moxa reaches 6cm, pumpkin seedlings are planted, and the planting density is as follows: row spacing of 4m, plant spacing of 2m, and conventional management.
And step 3: releasing coccinella septempunctata
Aphids begin to occur at the end of 3 months, mainly concentrated on young leaves near the growing point of wormwood, and no aphids are found on pumpkins.
At 31 days 3 months, 150 coccinella septempunctata were released into the wormwood plexus.
And 4, 3 days after 4 months, the aphids on the wormwood are reduced, the winged aphids are gradually increased, and the aphids are not seen on the pumpkin.
And 4, 5 days after 4 months, the aphids are not seen on the pumpkin, the aphids on the wormwood are reduced, and the aphids with wings are increased.
And 4, step 4: hang yellow mythimna separata board
4, 8 days, hanging yellow sticky trap plates 10cm above the wormwood clump in the step 1, and hanging 5 yellow sticky trap plates in total. The yellow plate is commercially available, such as yellow plate for controlling yellow color of Rabdosia Rubescens (Hemsl.) Hara, and has a length of 25cm × width of 20 cm.
On the day of hanging the yellow armyworm plates, the average number of winged aphids adhered to each yellow armyworm plate reaches 19.8, and no aphids are found on the pumpkins.
On 9 days after 4 months, no wingless aphid is seen on the wormwood, occasionally winged aphid is seen, no winged aphid is seen on the pumpkin, and 11.2 winged aphids are added on each yellow armyworm plate on average.
Thereafter, no wingless aphid is found in the wormwood, and 2.6 winged aphids are newly added on each yellow armyworm plate on average.
And 5: harvesting of crops
And (4) after the harvest of the pumpkins is finished in the middle ten days of 7 months, spraying no aphid prevention agent for one time, cleaning the greenhouse, trimming the old branches of the wormwood, and keeping the humidity of the wormwood cluster for the use of crops in the next season.
In the embodiment 1, a field planting condition diagram for preventing and controlling pumpkin aphids by adopting the combined action of the wormwood cluster, the coccinella septempunctata and the armyworm yellow plate is shown in a figure 1.
Example 2
The prevention and control method for greenhouse aphids comprises the following steps:
step 1: cultivation of wormwood bush
Planting 18m in the middle of the greenhouse according to the area of each mu of greenhouse2Dividing a plurality of moxa cluster planting areas according to the proportion of the moxa, turning soil and leveling into strip-shaped furrows, wherein the width of each strip-shaped furrow is 18cm, the length of each strip-shaped furrow is 7m, and watering thoroughly.
Taking old fresh moxa roots, respectively cutting the old fresh moxa roots into root sections with the length of 4cm and more than two sections, uniformly putting the root sections into strip-shaped furrows, enabling the distance to be 3cm multiplied by 3cm and the soil covering thickness to be 2cm, thoroughly watering the root sections, covering a plastic film with the thickness of 0.01cm, and removing the plastic film when new leaves grow out after 15 days; then, the soil is kept moist, weeds are pulled out in time, and the length of the wormwood is controlled to be less than or equal to 60cm and more than or equal to 15 cm.
Step 2: crops for field planting
Soil preparation is carried out on the soil outside the moxa cluster planting area of the greenhouse, 1800kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of the soil, the mass percentage of organic matters in the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45%, the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 5%, the soil is prepared into ridge beds, the width of each ridge bed is 90cm, the height of each ridge bed is 12cm, the distance between every two adjacent ridge beds is 30cm, when the length of the moxa reaches 6cm, seedlings of the cabbageworm plants are planted, and conventional management is carried out.
And step 3: green lacewing releasing device
When the aphids begin to gather near the growing point of the moxa, the sand flies are released to the moxa clump at a rate of 20 sand flies per square meter of moxa clump.
And 4, step 4: hang yellow mythimna separata board
And (3) hanging yellow sticky boards 12cm above the wormwood clump in the step 1 according to the proportion of hanging 1 yellow sticky board per square meter wormwood clump 7d after the green lacewing is released. The yellow plate is commercially available, such as yellow plate for controlling yellow color of Rabdosia Rubescens (Hemsl.) Hara, and has a length of 25cm × width of 20 cm.
And 5: harvesting of crops
Until the four-nine flowering Chinese cabbage is harvested, no aphid is found. Cleaning the greenhouse, trimming the old branches of the wormwood, keeping the wormwood cluster moist, and using the wormwood cluster for crops in the next season.
Example 3
The prevention and control method for greenhouse aphids comprises the following steps:
step 1: cultivation of wormwood bush
Planting 20m in the area of each mu of greenhouse at the periphery and the middle of the greenhouse2Dividing a plurality of wormwood planting areas according to the proportion of wormwood, turning soil and leveling into strip-shaped ridges, wherein the width of each strip-shaped ridge is 20cm, the length of each strip-shaped ridge is 10m, and watering is conducted thoroughly.
Taking a plurality of fresh old moxa roots, respectively cutting the old moxa roots into root sections with the length of 5cm and more than two sections, uniformly placing the root sections into strip-shaped furrows, wherein the distance is 3cm multiplied by 3cm, the soil covering thickness is 3cm, watering thoroughly, covering a plastic film with the thickness of 0.01cm, and removing the plastic film when new leaves grow out after 20 days; then, the soil is kept moist, weeds are pulled out in time, and the length of the wormwood is controlled to be less than or equal to 60cm and more than or equal to 15 cm.
Step 2: crops for field planting
Soil preparation is carried out on the soil outside the moxa cluster planting area of the greenhouse, 1800kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of the soil, the mass percentage of organic matters in the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45%, the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 5%, ridge beds are formed in a shaping mode, the width of each ridge bed is 90cm, the height of each ridge bed is 12cm, the distance between every two adjacent ridge beds is 30cm, when the length of the moxa reaches 6cm, tomato seedlings are planted, and conventional management is carried out.
And step 3: releasing coccinella septempunctata
When the top of the wormwood begins to gather aphids, the coccinella septempunctata is released to the wormwood clump according to the proportion that 30 coccinella septempunctata are released per square meter of wormwood clump.
And 4, step 4: hang yellow mythimna separata board
And (3) hanging yellow sticky boards 15cm above the moxa clump in the step 1 according to the proportion of hanging 1 yellow sticky board per square meter of moxa clump 10 days after the chrysopa perla is released. The yellow plate is commercially available, such as yellow plate for controlling yellow color of Rabdosia Rubescens (Hemsl.) Hara, and has a length of 25cm × width of 20 cm.
And 5: harvesting of crops
Until the tomato is harvested, no trace of aphid damage is seen. Cleaning the greenhouse, trimming the old branches of the wormwood, and keeping the soil humidity for the crops in the next season.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 was carried out in vegetable pilot garden of Guangxi Special crop research institute, and the area of each greenhouse was 150m2. Unlike example 1, no wormwood was planted, no coccinella septempunctata was released, and no yellow armyworm plate was hung, all the others being identical. The method comprises the following steps:
preparing soil of a greenhouse, applying 1800kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, enabling the mass percentage of organic matters in the organic fertilizer to be more than or equal to 45%, enabling the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to be more than or equal to 5%, forming a ridge bed, enabling the width of the ridge bed to be 90cm, enabling the height of the ridge bed to be 12cm, enabling the distance between every two adjacent ridge beds to be 30cm, enabling the ridge bed to be 3 months and 25 days, planting pumpkin seedlings and planting the planting density: row spacing of 4m, plant spacing of 2m, and conventional management.
Aphids are found to be harmful on the pumpkin leaves at the beginning of 4 months, and 1.8 percent of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed once 3000 times in 4 months and 2 days.
And 4, 4 months and 7 days, 3000 times of 1.8 percent of abamectin missible oil is sprayed once.
And 4, 15 days after 4 months, 2500 times of the aphid-mite-clearing missible oil with the mass percentage of 25% is sprayed once.
Spraying 2500 times of imidacloprid wettable powder liquid with the mass percent of 20% once after 4 months and 30 days.
And 5 days after 5 months, 3000 times of 1.8 percent of abamectin missible oil is sprayed once.
And 5, spraying 2500 times of the aphid-mite-clearing missible oil with the mass percentage of 25% once every 11 days in 5 months.
Spraying 2500 times of imidacloprid wettable powder liquid with the mass percent of 20% once every 6 months and 1 day.
And 5 days after 6 months, 2500 times of the aphid-mite-clearing missible oil with the mass percentage of 25% is sprayed once.
And 4, spraying 3000 times of 1.8 percent of abamectin missible oil once every 12 days in 6 months.
Spraying 2500 times of imidacloprid wettable powder liquid with the mass percent of 20% once every 7 months and 1 day.
After the harvest of the pumpkins is finished in 7 middle-ten days of the month, spraying the aphid prevention and treatment agent for 10 times in the whole period, wherein the cost is 320 yuan/mu.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 was carried out in vegetable pilot garden of Guangxi Special crop research institute, and the area of each greenhouse was 150m2. The same as example 1, except that no moxa was planted and lacewing was released. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: crops for field planting
Land preparation is carried out on the soil of the greenhouse, 1800kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu, the mass percentage of organic matters in the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45%, the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 5%, a ridge bed is formed, the width of the ridge bed is 90cm, the height of the ridge bed is 12cm, and the distance between every two adjacent ridge beds is 30 cm. And 3, 31 days in 3 months, planting pumpkin seedlings, wherein the planting density is as follows: row spacing of 4m, plant spacing of 2m, and conventional management.
Step 2: hang yellow mythimna separata board
And 4, 2 days, hanging 60 yellow sticky boards in each 667 square meters of area, and hanging the yellow sticky boards 10cm above the pumpkin plants obtained in the step 1. The yellow plate armyworm plate can be purchased from markets, such as the yellow plate for controlling armyworm of Rabdosia Rubescens (Hemsl.) Hara, and has the specification of 25cm in length and 20cm in width.
On the day of hanging the yellow sticky trap, aphids are stuck on the yellow sticky trap, and no aphids are seen on the pumpkins.
And 4, 3 days after 4 months, aphids are adhered to the back of the pumpkin leaves, and 2.5 aphids are adhered to the yellow armyworm plate per square centimeter on average.
And 4, 5 days after 4 months, the aphids reach the peak, the maximum number of the aphids on the back of each pumpkin leaf reaches 24, and the number of the aphids on the yellow armyworm plate continues to increase. 3000 times of 1.8 percent of abamectin missible oil is sprayed once, and wingless aphids are more at the moment.
On 8 days after 4 months, aphids occasionally appeared on the pumpkin leaves, and a small amount of aphids on the yellow armyworm plate increased.
And in 10 days after 4 months, the aphids on the pumpkin leaves are increased, the number of the aphids on the back of the pumpkin leaves reaches 12 at most, the number of the aphids on the yellow armyworm plate is obviously increased, the number of the newly added aphids on the yellow armyworm plate reaches 54 at most, and the number of the winged aphids is increased.
And 4, spraying 3000 times of 1.8 percent of abamectin missible oil once every 12 days in 4 months.
And 4, 20 days after 4 months, the aphids on the pumpkin leaves are winged aphids, and the aphids on the leaves are more harmful traces. The newly increased aphid on the yellow armyworm plate is winged aphid, and 3000 times of abamectin missible oil with the mass percent of 1.8 percent is sprayed once.
Spraying 2500 times of the 25% aphid-mite clear missible oil once in 4 months and 30 days.
And 5, 15 days after 5 months, 3000 times of 1.8 percent of abamectin missible oil is sprayed once.
Spraying 2500 times of imidacloprid wettable powder liquid with the mass percent of 20% once every 30 days after 5 months.
And step 3: harvesting of crops
After the harvest of the pumpkins is finished in the middle ten days of 7 months, 6 aphid prevention and control medicaments are sprayed in the whole period, and the total cost of pesticide spraying is 184 yuan/mu.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example 3 was carried out in vegetable pilot garden of Guangxi Special crop research institute, and the area of each greenhouse was 150m2. Unlike example 1, no yellow insect-sticking plate was hung, and the rest was the same. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: cultivation of wormwood bush
In 2019, 3 months, at 150m2The periphery and the middle position of the greenhouse are divided into 5m2Folium Artemisiae Argyi planting region with single folium Artemisiae Argyi planting region area of 1m2And turning soil to form strip-shaped ridges, wherein the width of each strip-shaped ridge is 20cm, and the strips are thoroughly watered.
Taking a plurality of fresh old moxa roots, respectively cutting the old moxa roots into root sections with the length of 5cm and more than two sections, putting the root sections into strip-shaped furrows, covering soil with the thickness of 2cm, thoroughly watering, covering a plastic film with the thickness of 0.01cm, and removing the plastic film when new leaves grow out after 15 days; then, the soil is kept moist, weeds are pulled out in time, and the length of the wormwood is controlled to be less than or equal to 60cm and more than or equal to 15 cm.
Step 2: crops for field planting
Soil preparation is carried out on the soil outside a greenhouse wormwood planting area, 1800kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to each mu, the mass percentage content of organic matters in the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45%, the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 5%, a ridge bed is formed, the width of each ridge bed is 90cm, the height of each ridge bed is 12cm, the distance between every two adjacent ridge beds is 30cm, the 3-month 29-day period is 3 months, the wormwood length reaches 7.5cm, pumpkin seedlings are planted, and the planting density is as follows: row spacing of 4m, plant spacing of 2m, and conventional management.
And step 3: releasing coccinella septempunctata
Aphids begin to occur at the end of 3 months, mainly concentrated on young leaves near the growing point of wormwood, and no aphids are found on pumpkins.
At 31 days 3 months, 150 coccinella septempunctata were released.
In 1 day 4, winged aphids in the wormwood clumps gradually increase, wingless aphids decrease, and the aphids are mainly concentrated in the wormwood clumps and occasionally fly to the pumpkin leaves.
And 4, 3 days after 4 months, the whole pumpkin leaves are healthy and green, even the whole pumpkin leaves have aphids as harmful traces, and 3-5 needle points are protruded. Aphids are mainly concentrated in the wormwood plexus.
4, 8 days, the whole leaves of the pumpkin are healthy and green, even if the leaves have aphids as harmful traces, and 3-5 needle points are protruded. Aphids are mainly concentrated in the wormwood clump, and the number of aphids is gradually reduced.
4, 15 days, the whole pumpkin leaves are healthy and green, and winged aphids are gathered in the mugwort clusters and are fewer in number.
After 4 months and 25 days, the whole pumpkin leaves are healthy and green, and winged aphids are gathered in the mugwort clusters and are fewer in quantity.
After 4 months and 30 days, the whole pumpkin leaves are healthy and green, and winged aphids are gathered in the mugwort clusters and are fewer in quantity.
After 5 months and 15 days, the whole pumpkin leaves are healthy and green, and winged aphids are gathered in the mugwort clusters and are fewer in quantity.
And 6, 10 days after 6 months, the whole pumpkin leaves are healthy and green, the aphids are occasionally found on the back of the leaves as harmful spots, and the aphids are not gathered as harmful substances. Winged aphids are accumulated in the mugwort cluster, and the quantity is small.
And in 3 days after 7 months, the whole upper leaves of the pumpkin are healthy and green, and the aphids are occasionally found on the back surfaces of the lower leaves and the upper leaves and are not gathered into harmful spots. Winged aphids are accumulated in the mugwort cluster, and the quantity is small.
And (4) ending the harvest of the pumpkins by 7 middle-month days without spraying the aphid prevention medicament for one time.
Summary analysis
The aphids of greenhouse vegetables have feeding tendency to tender leaves near the growing point of wormwood, in examples 1-3, wormwood always gathers aphids in the whole growth period of pumpkins, nineteen vegetable cores and tomatoes, and leaves in the whole growth period are kept healthy. In the comparative example 1, the aphid on the leaf of the pumpkin is the most serious, and the aphid damage degree of the comparative example 2 is lower than that of the comparative example 1 and higher than that of the comparative example 3. The most frequent pesticide spraying times for preventing and controlling aphids in the whole pumpkin growth period are that in the comparative example 1, pesticide spraying is carried out for 10 times, and the average cost is 320 yuan/mu. Comparative example 2 was sprayed 6 times at an average cost of 184 yuan/acre. Comparative example 3 no pesticide was sprayed, but aphids on the back of the squash leaves were marked as pests. As can be seen, the effect of controlling aphids is the best in the 4 pumpkin planting cases of example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 in example 1.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preventing and controlling greenhouse vegetable aphids is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: cultivation of wormwood bush
Planting 15m according to the area of each mu of greenhouse2-20m2Dividing a plurality of moxa clump planting areas according to the proportion of the moxa clumps, turning soil, leveling into strip-shaped ridges and watering thoroughly;
taking fresh old moxa roots, respectively shearing the old moxa roots into root sections, uniformly placing the root sections into strip-shaped furrows, covering soil, watering thoroughly, then covering a plastic film, and removing the plastic film when new leaves grow out within 7-20 days; then, keeping the soil moist and removing weeds in time, and controlling the length of the wormwood to be less than or equal to 60cm and more than or equal to 15 cm;
step 2: releasing coccinella septempunctata or lacewing
When aphids begin to gather near the moxa growing point, the coccinella septempunctata or the chrysopa perla is released to the moxa clump according to the proportion that 20-40 coccinella septempunctata or chrysopa perla are released per square meter of the moxa clump;
and step 3: crops for field planting
Preparing soil outside a planting area of a moxa cluster in the greenhouse, fertilizing, then preparing the soil into a ridge bed, planting crops when the length of the moxa is more than or equal to 6cm, and performing conventional management;
and 4, step 4: hang yellow mythimna separata board
7d-10d after releasing the coccinella septempunctata or the lacewing, hanging 1 yellow armyworm plate at the position 10cm-15cm above the wormwood cluster in the step 1 according to the proportion that 1 yellow armyworm plate is hung in each square meter of wormwood cluster area;
and 5: harvesting of crops
After the crops are harvested, the greenhouse is cleaned, and the wormwood tufts are trimmed and maintained for the crops in the next season.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the wormwood cluster planting area is located at the periphery and/or the middle of the greenhouse.
3. A method for controlling aphids on greenhouse vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, the area of the single wormwood cluster planting area is more than or equal to 0.5m2。
4. A method for controlling greenhouse vegetable aphids as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, the length of the root segment is 3cm-5cm and the root segment has more than two nodes.
5. A method for preventing and controlling aphids on greenhouse vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, the width of the strip-shaped furrows is 15cm-20cm, and the length of the strip-shaped furrows is 5m-10 m.
6. A greenhouse vegetable aphid prevention and control method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, the root sections are uniformly placed in the strip-shaped furrows at a distance of 3cm x 3cm, and the thickness of the covering soil is 2cm-3 cm.
7. An aphid prevention and control method for greenhouse vegetables according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the thickness of the plastic film is 0.01 cm.
8. A greenhouse vegetable aphid prevention and control method as claimed in any one of claims 1-7, wherein in step 3, the fertilization is carried out by applying 1800kg-2200kg decomposed organic fertilizer per mu.
9. A greenhouse vegetable aphid prevention and control method as claimed in any one of claims 1-7, wherein in step 3, the crop is any one of Wuta-tsai, flowering cabbage, Chinese cabbage, radish, mustard, green cabbage, cauliflower, turnip, pumpkin, cucumber, tomato, pepper and eggplant.
10. A greenhouse vegetable aphid prevention and control method as claimed in any one of claims 1-7, wherein in step 4, the yellow armyworm plate has a specification of 25cm in length by 20cm in width.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910974359.1A CN110720340A (en) | 2019-10-14 | 2019-10-14 | Greenhouse vegetable aphid prevention and control method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910974359.1A CN110720340A (en) | 2019-10-14 | 2019-10-14 | Greenhouse vegetable aphid prevention and control method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110720340A true CN110720340A (en) | 2020-01-24 |
Family
ID=69220141
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910974359.1A Pending CN110720340A (en) | 2019-10-14 | 2019-10-14 | Greenhouse vegetable aphid prevention and control method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110720340A (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105265244A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2016-01-27 | 北京市农林科学院 | Method for propagating and protecting natural enemy insects by planting corns between vegetables in greenhouse |
| CN105961094A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-09-28 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Apolygus lucorum trapping method |
| CN105961095A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-09-28 | 扬州大学 | Method using crowndaisy chrysanthemum to control aphid on solanaceous vegetable |
| CN106665203A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-05-17 | 北京市植物保护站 | Method for preventing vegetable aphid by means of Harmonia aryridis (Pallas) |
| CN108849128A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-23 | 李本花 | A kind of facility celery pest and disease damage green prevention and control method |
-
2019
- 2019-10-14 CN CN201910974359.1A patent/CN110720340A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105265244A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2016-01-27 | 北京市农林科学院 | Method for propagating and protecting natural enemy insects by planting corns between vegetables in greenhouse |
| CN106665203A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-05-17 | 北京市植物保护站 | Method for preventing vegetable aphid by means of Harmonia aryridis (Pallas) |
| CN105961094A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-09-28 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Apolygus lucorum trapping method |
| CN105961095A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-09-28 | 扬州大学 | Method using crowndaisy chrysanthemum to control aphid on solanaceous vegetable |
| CN108849128A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-23 | 李本花 | A kind of facility celery pest and disease damage green prevention and control method |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 张文忠等: "《桃经济栽培十讲》", 31 March 2011, 中国农业大学出版社 * |
| 潘胜屏: "蔬菜病虫无害化治理技术(四) ", 《农家参谋》 * |
| 赵香梅等: "紫圆茄新品种郑茄2号主要虫害无公害防治技术 ", 《农业科技通讯》 * |
| 韩现华: "草莓常见虫害及防治方法 ", 《山西果树》 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105660100A (en) | Method for high yield cultivation of phyllostachys angusta | |
| CN104160852A (en) | Labiate purple perilla cultivating method | |
| CN101438660A (en) | Method for cultivating organic vegetable | |
| CN106358641A (en) | Open-field artificial seeding planting technology for okra | |
| CN113229080A (en) | Method for controlling diseases, insect pests and weeds by continuously breeding ducks in whole growth period of rice | |
| CN103392498A (en) | Fresh broad bean-taro efficient facility planting method | |
| CN106508520A (en) | Pine caterpillar damage control method for mixed broadleaf-conifer forest of pinus elliottii | |
| CN111248022B (en) | Disease and pest control method for new-line fruit trees of blood oranges in taluoke | |
| CN107079773A (en) | The non-irrigated plateau fruit tree in Weihe north and weeds aquaponic method | |
| CN108739192B (en) | Safe planting method of high-quality Chinese chives | |
| CN106105988B (en) | Seedling growing method for Tinospora yunnanensis | |
| CN108012737A (en) | A kind of method for comprehensively preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in of Tea planting | |
| CN110663423A (en) | Method for preventing and controlling tomato bemisia tabaci in greenhouse | |
| TWI712361B (en) | Method of ginger plant cultivation | |
| CN110720340A (en) | Greenhouse vegetable aphid prevention and control method | |
| CN110839459A (en) | Biological prevention and control method for preventing and controlling icerya purchasi in citrus orchard by using cucumis melo as trapping plant | |
| CN110521511B (en) | Pitaya brown rot comprehensive prevention and control method based on precise pesticide application and application thereof | |
| CN104041364A (en) | Method for preventing jujube trees from second blooming | |
| CN112273166B (en) | Application of petunia in trapping and killing of thrips | |
| CN113647299B (en) | Polygonatum kingianum planting method in under-forest herb co-cultivation mode | |
| CN110663424A (en) | Method for preventing and controlling greenhouse vegetable prodenia litura | |
| Kaur et al. | Insect Pests Infesting Major Vegetable Crops and Their Management Strategies-III | |
| Ermagambetova et al. | Sunflower protection from pests and diseases | |
| Mukhitdinov | Management of cotton insect pests in Tajikistan | |
| CN116267460A (en) | Efficient corn cultivation method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20200124 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |