CN110719774A - 改善、预防或治疗睡眠障碍的组合物或抑制gaba-a受体苯二氮*结合位点的激动剂的耐受性或使其副作用减轻的组合物,每种组合物包含间苯三酚作为活性成分 - Google Patents
改善、预防或治疗睡眠障碍的组合物或抑制gaba-a受体苯二氮*结合位点的激动剂的耐受性或使其副作用减轻的组合物,每种组合物包含间苯三酚作为活性成分 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110719774A CN110719774A CN201880030687.XA CN201880030687A CN110719774A CN 110719774 A CN110719774 A CN 110719774A CN 201880030687 A CN201880030687 A CN 201880030687A CN 110719774 A CN110719774 A CN 110719774A
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- gaba
- phloroglucinol
- agonists
- sleep
- receptor
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- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
根据本发明用于预防或治疗睡眠障碍的药物组合物和用于改善睡眠障碍的保健功能食品组合物,每种组合物包含间苯三酚作为活性成分,可以快速可靠地诱导和维持睡眠。该组合物可以防止反复醒来且不改变生理睡眠结构,特别是不具有可能会引起不完全的日间功能和认知能力的残留镇静作用,长期施用后不诱导耐受性,并且不会引起GABA‑A受体的常规苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的副作用。此外,根据本发明的用于抑制GABA‑A受体的苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的耐受性或使GABA‑A受体的苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的副作用减轻的包含间苯三酚作为活性成分的药物组合物,以及用于抑制针对GABA‑A受体的苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的耐受性或使GABA‑A受体的苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的副作用减轻的包含间苯三酚作为活性成分的保健功能食品组合物可以减轻激动剂的副作用或可以抑制长期给药引起的对激动剂的耐受性。进一步地,根据本发明的用于预防或治疗睡眠障碍的包含间苯三酚和GABA‑A受体的苯二氮结合位点的激动剂作为活性成分的药物组合物具有减少量的GABA‑A受体的苯二氮结合位点的激动剂,该激动剂可以增加睡眠量但是降低睡眠质量从而引起各种副作用,通过这种方式可以减轻GABA‑A受体的苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的副作用或抑制长期施用GABA‑A受体的苯二氮结合位点的激动剂而引起的耐受性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于预防或治疗睡眠障碍的包含单独的间苯三酚或间苯三酚和GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的组合作为活性成分的药物组合物、用于抑制针对GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的耐受性或使GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的副作用减轻的包含间苯三酚作为活性成分的药物组合物、用于改善睡眠障碍的包含间苯三酚作为活性成分的保健功能食品组合物、和用于抑制针对GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的耐受性或使GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的副作用改善的包含间苯三酚作为活性成分的保健功能食品组合物。
背景技术
失眠是最常见的睡眠障碍,可以定义为一个人在每周至少三天入睡或维持睡眠或两者都面临问题而同时伴有日间疲劳或障碍的状况。
GABA-A受体是一种形成膜离子通道的五聚体蛋白,γ-氨基丁酸(GABA-A)通过该离子通道起作用。GABA-A受体与镇静、睡眠、焦虑、肌肉痉挛、惊厥、健忘症等的调节密切相关。
作用于GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂按其结构分为苯二氮类催眠药和非苯二氮类催眠药。地西泮是针对苯二氮GABA-A受体的苯二氮结合位点的激动剂,唑吡坦、佐匹克隆、扎来普隆和曲唑酮是针对非苯二氮GABA-A受体的苯二氮结合位点的激动剂。
唑吡坦、佐匹克隆、扎来普隆和曲唑酮的化学名称分别为N,N,6-三甲基-2-对甲苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-乙酰胺L-(+)-酒石酸盐(2:1)、6-(5-氯吡啶-2-基)-5-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)羰氧基-7-氧代-6,7-二氢-5H-吡咯并[3,4-b]吡嗪、N-[3-(3-氰基吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-7-基)苯基]-N-乙基乙酰胺和2-[3-{4-(间氯苯基)-1-哌嗪基]丙基]s-三唑并[4,3-a]吡啶-3(2H)-1一盐酸盐。
与苯二氮类催眠药相比,非苯二氮类催眠药可缩短睡眠潜伏期,并使在第二天早晨醒来的难度降低。然而,非苯二氮类催眠药可能产生的不良反应包括残留镇静作用和精神运动障碍、日间焦虑、顺行性健忘症和认知障碍、反弹性失眠以及药物耐受性和依赖性。服用非苯二氮类催眠药的患者经常会出现日间嗜睡,这可能会限制他们的活动并增加事故尤其是交通事故发生的危险。
例如,认为NREM睡眠期间δ活动的变化是睡眠质量和深度的生理指标。然而,已知唑吡坦在脑电图(EEG)慢波睡眠期间减少δ波的幅度,即减少δ活动,或增强高频活动,从而导致睡眠结构的改变。尽管据报道非苯二氮类催眠药如唑吡坦和佐匹克隆基本上没有苯二氮类催眠药的副作用,但随后的研究依旧表明,这些非苯二氮类催眠药可能会损害日间精神运动表现、药理学耐受、戒断症状,并具有滥用的可能性。
因此,需要开发一种能够在睡眠功能和治疗失眠的副作用之间达到最佳平衡的药物。理想的催眠药的特性应是快速可靠的睡眠诱导和维持,防止反复醒来和不改变生理睡眠结构。特别是,它不应有可能会损害日间功能和认知能力的残留镇静作用。
本发明的发明人发现间苯三酚的IC50和结合亲和力(Ki)值低得多,这代表间苯三酚与GABAA-苯二氮配体[3H]氟马西尼的结合和取代作用比其他褐藻多酚和地西泮更有效,但当以25mg/kg至50mg/kg的剂量单独给药时,可有效减少睡眠潜伏期和增加睡眠持续时间,如韩国专利第1260697号所述的。
本发明的发明人还发现间苯三酚可以抑制针对GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的常规激动剂的耐受性或使GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的常规激动剂的副作用减轻,或者也可以用于治疗睡眠障碍,即使单独使用很长一段时间时也不引起副作用。基于这些发现完成了本发明。
(现有技术文献)
(专利文献)
韩国专利第1260697号
(非专利文献)
Landolt HP,Finelli LA,Roth C,Buck A,Achermann P,和Borbely AA.Zolpidemand sleep deprivation:different effect on EEG power spectra.J Sleep Res 2000;9:175-83.
Wagner J和Wagner ML.Non-benzodiazepines for the treatment ofinsomnia.Sleep Med Rev 2000;4:551-81.
Gericke CA和Ludolph AC.Chronic abuse of zolpidem.Jama 1994;272:1721-2.
发明详述
本发明要解决的问题
本发明涉及提供用于预防或治疗睡眠障碍的包含间苯三酚作为活性成分的药物组合物,其可快速可靠地诱导和维持睡眠,防止反复醒来,不改变生理睡眠结构,并且特别地没有可能损害日间功能和认知能力的残留镇静作用。
本发明还涉及提供用于改善睡眠障碍的包含间苯三酚作为活性成分的保健功能食品组合物。
本发明还旨在提供用于抑制针对GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的耐受性或使GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的副作用减轻的方法,包括向对激动剂具有耐受性或经受GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的副作用的患者施用间苯三酚。
本发明还旨在提供用于治疗睡眠障碍的方法,包括向患有睡眠障碍的患者施用间苯三酚和GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的组合。
解决问题的方法
本发明提供了用于预防或治疗睡眠障碍的包含间苯三酚作为活性成分且适合于长期给药的药物组合物。
本发明还提供了用于预防或治疗睡眠障碍的包含间苯三酚和针对GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂作为活性成分的药物组合物。
本发明还提供了用于改善睡眠障碍的包含间苯三酚作为活性成分且适于长期给药的保健功能食品组合物。
发明效果
根据本发明用于预防或治疗睡眠障碍的包含间苯三酚作为活性成分的药物组合物和用于改善睡眠障碍的包含间苯三酚作为活性成分的保健功能食品组合物快速可靠地诱导和维持睡眠,防止反复醒来,不改变生理睡眠结构,特别是没有可能会损害日间功能和认知能力的残留镇静作用,尽管长期服用,也不会引起针对GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的常规激动剂的耐受性,并且不会引起GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的常规激动剂的副作用。
另外,根据本发明用于抑制针对GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的耐受性或使GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的副作用减轻的包含间苯三酚作为活性成分的药物组合物,以及用于抑制针对GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的耐受性或使GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的副作用减轻的包含间苯三酚作为活性成分的保健功能食品组合物,可以减轻该激动剂的副作用,或者可以抑制长期给药引起的对激动剂的耐受。
此外,根据本发明用于预防或治疗睡眠障碍的包含间苯三酚和GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂作为活性成分的药物组合物使用了减少量的可以增加睡眠量但是降低睡眠质量从而引起各种副作用的激动剂,以减轻激动剂的副作用或抑制长期给药引起的对激动剂的耐受性。
附图的简要说明
图1是用于睡眠结构分析的实验的流程图。
图2显示了醒觉、REMS和NREMS中小鼠的典型EEG和EMG波形以及FFT谱。
图3示出了在实验性实施例1中以不同浓度给药时,间苯三酚(PG)、唑吡坦(ZPD)以及间苯三酚和唑吡坦的组合在有和没有阴性对照(载体)的情况下对睡眠潜伏期和睡眠结构的影响。
图4显示了在实验性实施例1中施用间苯三酚(PG,150mg/kg)、唑吡坦(ZPD,10mg/kg和5mg/kg)以及间苯三酚(100mg/kg)和唑吡坦(5mg/kg)的组合时的δ活动。
图5显示了在实验性实施例1中施用间苯三酚(PG,150mg/kg)、唑吡坦(ZPD,10mg/kg和5mg/kg)以及间苯三酚(100mg/kg)和唑吡坦(5mg/kg)的组合后睡眠结构随时间的变化。
图8是用于记录在长期给药期间小鼠的EEG的实验的流程图。
图9显示了实验性实施例3中100mg/kg间苯三酚(PG)、5mg/kg唑吡坦(ZPD)以及100mg/kg间苯三酚和5mg/kg唑吡坦的组合在长期给药期间的不同天和停药后的不同天对睡眠潜伏期和睡眠结构的影响。
图10A显示了实验性实施例3中在100mg/kg间苯三酚(PG)、5mg/kg唑吡坦(ZPD)以及100mg/kg间苯三酚和5mg/kg唑吡坦的组合的长期给药期间的不同天的NREM睡眠时间的变化。
图10B显示了实验性实施例3中在长期给药100mg/kg间苯三酚(PG)、5mg/kg唑吡坦(ZPD)以及100mg/kg间苯三酚和5mg/kg唑吡坦的组合停药后NREM睡眠时间随时间的变化。
图11A显示了实验性实施例3中在长期给药100mg/kg间苯三酚(PG)、5mg/kg唑吡坦(ZPD)以及100mg/kg间苯三酚和5mg/kg唑吡坦的组合期间的不同天的δ活动的变化。
图11B显示了实验性实施例3中在长期给药100mg/kg间苯三酚(PG)、5mg/kg唑吡坦(ZPD)以及100mg/kg间苯三酚和5mg/kg唑吡坦的组合停药后的不同天测量的δ活动。
本发明最佳实施方式
本发明涉及用于预防或治疗睡眠障碍的包含间苯三酚作为活性成分且适于长期给药的药物组合物。本发明还涉及用于改善睡眠障碍的包含间苯三酚作为活性成分且适于长期给药的保健功能食品组合物。
本发明还涉及用于抑制针对GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的耐受性或使GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的副作用减轻的包含间苯三酚作为活性成分的药物组合物。本发明还涉及用于抑制针对GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的耐受性或使GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的副作用减轻的包含间苯三酚作为活性成分的保健功能食品组合物。
本发明还涉及用于预防或治疗睡眠障碍的包含间苯三酚和GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂作为活性成分的药物组合物。
表述“适于长期给药”是指尽管以治疗有效量的活性成分来治疗睡眠障碍至少2周、优选至少3周、更优选至少4周,仍抑制了对活性成分的耐受性或减轻了活性成分的副作用。
术语“抑制耐受”是指对睡眠障碍的治疗效果,例如,缩短睡眠潜伏期的效果或减少NREM睡眠时间的效果,在给药后第一天与给药至少2周、优选至少3周、更优选至少4周相比,没有统计学显著性;当给药第一天的睡眠潜伏期被定义为100时,睡眠潜伏期为150或小于150,优选为140或小于140,更优选为130或小于130,甚至更优选为120或小于120,最优选为110或小于110;或在给药第一天的NREM睡眠时间定义为100时,给药后的NREM睡眠时间为至少80,优选至少85,更优选至少90,甚至更优选至少95,最优选至少100。
表述“副作用减轻”是指减轻了选自EEGδ能量抑制和残留镇静作用的一种或多于一种副作用。表述“减轻EEGδ能量抑制”意指当将给药第一天的EEGδ能量定义为100时,给药后的EEGδ能量为至少80,优选至少85,更优选至少90,甚至更优选至少95,最优选至少100。表述“减轻残留镇静作用”是指在给药8小时后、优选在给药7小时后、更优选在给药6小时后、甚至更优选在给药5小时后未发现NREM睡眠增强作用。
术语“睡眠障碍”是指由多种原因引起的破坏性睡眠模式,这些原因包括功能失调的睡眠机制、睡眠期间生理功能异常、生物钟异常以及由睡眠过程外在因素引起的干扰。例如,睡眠障碍可能是失眠。此类失眠包括半夜失眠、深夜失眠、入睡性失眠后的长时间清醒、睡眠维持性失眠以及半夜醒来后的失眠。
GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂可以是苯二氮GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点处的激动剂或非苯二氮GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点处的激动剂。优选的是非苯二氮GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂。非苯二氮GGABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂可以是选自唑吡坦、佐匹克隆、扎来普隆和曲唑酮的至少一种催眠药。非苯二氮GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂特别优选Z-药物,例如唑吡坦、佐匹克隆或扎来普隆。
用于预防或治疗睡眠障碍的包含间苯三酚作为活性成分并适合长期给药的药物组合物或用于抑制针对GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的耐受性或使GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的副作用减轻的包含间苯三酚作为活性成分的药物组合物中的间苯三酚的含量,优选根据患者的病情和体重、疾病的严重程度、药物的类型以及给药途径和周期来确定,但是可以由本领域技术人员适当地选择。例如,间苯三酚可以以每天20mg至200mg、优选50mg至180mg、更优选80mg至160mg、甚至更优选100mg至140mg的量给药。在预防或治疗睡眠障碍的药物组合物中作为活性成分的间苯三酚和GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的含量优选根据患者的病情和体重、疾病的严重程度、药物的类型、给药途径和周期来确定,但可以由本领域技术人员适当地选择。例如,间苯三酚可以以每天20mg至200mg、优选50mg至180mg、更优选80mg至160mg、甚至更优选100mg至140mg的量给药。例如,以作为药物组合物的单一活性成分的激动剂的日剂量(100重量份)计,GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的日剂量可以为20重量份至80重量份,优选为25重量份至70重量份,更优选为30重量份至60重量份,甚至更优选为35重量份至50重量份。例如,作为非苯二氮GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的唑吡坦可以以每天2mg至10mg、优选2.5mg至9mg、更优选3mg至8mg、甚至更优选3.5mg至7mg、最优选4mg至6mg的量给药。
药物组合物可以每天单次或分次剂量给药,但是该剂量绝不旨在限制本发明的范围。
在药物组合物的药物剂型中,活性成分可以以其药学上可接受的盐的形式给药,或者也可以单独或以适当的组合以及与一种或多于一种其他药物活性化合物组合使用。
本发明的药物组合物可以根据适用于每种制剂的常规方法配制成口服制剂,例如散剂、颗粒剂、片剂、胶囊剂、混悬剂、乳剂、糖浆剂和气雾剂,以及其他制剂,例如外用制剂、栓剂和无菌注射溶液。对于合适的配方,药物组合物还可以包含本领域已知的药学上可接受的载剂、赋形剂或稀释剂。
合适的载剂、赋形剂或稀释剂的实例包括乳糖、右旋糖、蔗糖、山梨糖醇、甘露醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇、麦芽糖醇、淀粉、阿拉伯胶、藻酸盐、明胶、磷酸钙、硅酸钙、纤维素、甲基纤维素、微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、水、羟基苯甲酸甲酯、羟基苯甲酸丙酯、滑石、硬脂酸镁和矿物油。
本发明的药物组合物可以与本领域常用的稀释剂或赋形剂一起配制,例如填充剂、填料、黏合剂、湿润剂、崩解剂或表面活性剂。
可以通过将药物组合物与至少一种赋形剂例如淀粉、碳酸钙、蔗糖、乳糖或明胶混合来制备口服固体制剂。除了简单的赋形剂,还可以使用润滑剂,例如硬脂酸镁和滑石。
口服液体制剂是混悬剂、内服溶液、乳剂和糖浆剂。液体制剂可包括各种赋形剂,例如润湿剂、甜味剂、芳香族物质和防腐剂,以及本领域已知的简单稀释剂,例如水和液体石蜡。
肠胃外给药制剂包括无菌水溶液、非水溶剂、混悬剂、乳剂、冻干剂和栓剂。非水溶剂和混悬剂可以是丙二醇、聚乙二醇、植物油例如橄榄油和可注射酯例如油酸乙酯。硬脂(Witepsol)、聚乙二醇(Macrogol)、吐温61、可可脂、月桂酸酯和甘油明胶可用作栓剂的基质。
本发明的药物组合物可以根据疾病的类型或成分的类型,根据本领域已知的任何合适方法、优选宾夕法尼亚州伊斯顿麦克出版社的雷明登氏药学全书(Remington’sPharmaceutical Science,Mack Publishing Company,Easton PA)中公开的任何方法来配制。
本发明的药物组合物可以通过各种途径施用于哺乳动物,包括大鼠、小鼠、家畜和人。可以考虑所有给药途径。本发明的药物组合物可以通过任何合适的途径给药,例如口服、直肠、静脉内、肌内、皮下、子宫内或脑室内。
本发明的保健功能食品组合物以与药物组合物相同的方式配制。本发明的健康功能食品组合物本身可以用作健康功能食品。或者,可以将活性成分添加到各种食品中,例如饮料、酒精饮料、糖果、减肥棒、乳制品、肉、巧克力、比萨饼、方便面、其他面条、口香糖、冰淇淋、维生素复合物和保健食品中。
除了作为活性成分的间苯三酚外,保健功能食品组合物还可任选地包含一种或多于一种通常用于食品生产添加的成分。例如,可选成分可以选自蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、营养物、风味剂和调味剂。碳水化合物的实例包括:糖,例如单糖(例如葡萄糖和果糖)、二糖(例如麦芽糖、蔗糖和寡糖)和多糖(例如糊精和环糊精);和糖醇,例如木糖醇、山梨糖醇和赤藓糖醇。可以使用天然的调味剂,例如索马甜和甜叶菊提取物(例如莱鲍迪苷A和甘草甜素),和合成的调味剂(例如糖精和阿斯巴甜)。例如,可以将本发明的食品组合物制成饮品或饮料。在这种情况下,本发明的食品组合物除了活性成分外,还可以包含柠檬酸、高果糖玉米糖浆、糖、葡萄糖、乙酸、苹果酸、果汁和植物提取物。
术语“健康功能食品”是指通过将间苯三酚添加到诸如饮料、茶、香料、口香糖或饼干的食品原料中或通过将间苯三酚制成胶囊剂、散剂或混悬剂而制备的食品。摄取健康功能食品带来所需的健康效果。与常规药物不同,长时间服用健康功能食品不会引起任何副作用,因为它使用食物作为原料。保健功能食品非常有用,因为它可以常规摄入。健康功能食品中的间苯三酚的含量根据健康功能食品的种类而变化,因此不能一概而论。只要间苯三酚不改变食物的原始味道,就不用特别限制间苯三酚的含量。基于所需食品的重量,间苯三酚的添加量通常为0.001重量%至50重量%,优选0.01重量%至20重量%,更优选0.1重量%至10重量%。对于丸剂、颗粒剂、片剂或胶囊剂形式的健康功能食品,间苯三酚的添加量通常为0.1重量%至100重量%,优选0.2重量%至80重量%,更优选0.5重量%至50重量%。例如,保健功能食品可以采用丸剂、片剂、胶囊剂或饮料的形式。
将参考以下实施例更详细地解释本发明。对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是,这些实施例不旨在限制本发明的范围。
实验性实施例1:单次给药后的睡眠结构分析
1)准备实验动物
从Koatech有限公司(韩国京畿道平泽市)购入C57BL/6N小鼠(28g至30g,12周龄的雄性),并在进行测试前使其适应饲养箱一周。将动物饲养在温度为23±1℃、湿度为55±5%、12小时明暗循环(光照时间07:00到19:00)的光强度为3000勒克斯的环境中。这些动物可以任意获取食物和水。所有动物均按照韩国食品研究所的实验动物管理和使用委员会(KFRI-IACUC)的指导进行饲养。
2)睡眠结构分析程序
睡眠结构分析的实验流程图如图1所示。
使C57BL/6N小鼠适应环境一周,并接受电极植入以记录脑电图(EEG)和肌电图(EMG)。用戊巴比妥(50mg/kg,腹腔注射)麻醉每只小鼠,并将其头部固定在立体定位仪中。切开头部的皮下结缔组织后,植入EEG/EMG头部装置(美国堪萨斯州劳伦斯市的PinnacleTechnology Inc.)以记录EEG和EMG,并用牙科黏合剂固定并用缝合线缝合。对手术部位进行消毒,并施用抗生素3天,以防止可能的手术后发炎。使动物恢复7天。为了适应记录条件,从测量前4天开始口服0.5%CMC盐溶液作为对照。之后,连接记录仪器以诱导动物适应该实验程序。
口服样品后,将动物稳定5分钟。然后,使用PAL-8200系列(美国堪萨斯州劳伦斯的Pinnacle Technology Inc.)从17:00开始记录EEG和EMG持续24h。将记录EEG和EMG的采样速率设置为200Hz(间隔时间:10s)。对于EEG数据记录,将滤波范围设置为0.1Hz至25Hz,对于EMG数据记录,将滤波范围设置为10Hz至100Hz。
睡眠结构分析是使用SleepSign程序(日本Nagono松本Kissei Comtec Inc.的3.0版本)根据快速傅里叶变换(FFT)算法进行的。图2显示了醒觉、REMS和NREMS中小鼠的典型EEG和EMG波形以及FFT谱。
结果分为三个阶段:醒觉、REMS(快速眼动睡眠,θ波段:6Hz至10Hz)和NREMS(非快速眼动睡眠,δ波段0.5Hz至4Hz)。睡眠潜伏期定义为具有10s间隔的NREM睡眠连续发生至少12次所需的时间(Blanco-Centurion等人,2006)。将0.5Hz至4Hz的值取平均值,并以相对于对照的百分比表示NREM睡眠期间的δ能量。
所有动物实验数据均表示为平均值±标准偏差。通过t检验评估两组之间的显著性差异,将显著性水平设置为p<0.05(*)和p<0.01(**)。星号表示具有显著差异。
3)单次给药后对减少睡眠潜伏期和睡眠结构变化的影响
与阴性对照(载体)相比,口服间苯三酚(PG)在所有浓度(50mg/kg、100mg/kg和150mg/kg)下的睡眠潜伏期均显著减少。代表性的非苯二氮类催眠药唑吡坦(ZPD)在5mg/kg和10mg/kg的浓度下可显著减少睡眠潜伏期(见图3)。
共同施用间苯三酚(100mg/kg)和唑吡坦(5mg/kg)的组的睡眠潜伏期比对照组的睡眠潜伏期短约40min。此外,共同施用对睡眠潜伏期的减少效果与单独施用唑吡坦(10mg/kg)相似,从而将睡眠潜伏期缩短了约44min。
同时,在C57BL/6N小鼠口服阴性对照、间苯三酚、唑吡坦以及间苯三酚和唑吡坦的组合后2小时记录EEG。分析记录的脑电图以研究睡眠结构和睡眠时间。结果,间苯三酚和唑吡坦以浓度依赖性方式增加NREM睡眠,而不影响REM睡眠(见图3)。
在浓度分别为5mg/kg和10mg/kg时,唑吡坦显著增加NREM睡眠时间40.8%和74.6%(p<0.01)。共同施用间苯三酚(100mg/kg)和唑吡坦(5mg/kg)的组的NREM睡眠时间增加了64.6%(p<0.01),未达到用10mg/kg唑吡坦获得的效果,但优于5mg/kg唑吡坦对增强睡眠的作用。
4)单次给药后δ活动的变化
NREM睡眠期间δ活动的变化被认为是睡眠质量和深度的生理指标(Bastien等人,2003;Chen等人,2012)。据报道,唑吡坦可减少睡眠潜伏期并增加睡眠量,但会减少NREM睡眠过程中的δ活动(Kopp等人,2004;Alexandre等人,2008)。
发现不仅口服10mg/kg唑吡坦,而且口服一半量(5mg/kg)的唑吡坦也能显著降低0.5Hz至4Hz的δ活动(p<0.01)(见图4)。由于唑吡坦具有减少δ活动的典型特性,因此增加了NREM睡眠量,但降低了睡眠结构和睡眠质量。
然而,单独口服高达150mg/kg的间苯三酚时,δ活动没有显著变化,这表明与唑吡坦不同,间苯三酚诱导生理性睡眠而不降低睡眠质量(见图4)。
与通过施用5mg/kg唑吡坦显著减少δ活动不同,在共同施用间苯三酚(100mg/kg)和唑吡坦(5mg/kg)的组中未发现δ活动的变化(见图4)。从这些结果中得出结论,间苯三酚可有效增强睡眠,同时抑制唑吡坦减少δ活动从而改变睡眠结构并降低睡眠质量的副作用。
同时,类似于施用唑吡坦,施用5mg/kg地西泮显著减少了0.5Hz至4Hz范围内的δ活动,导致睡眠质量的降低。相反,100mg/kg间苯三酚和5mg/kg地西泮的共同施用未引起δ活动的改变(数据未显示)。从这些结果中得出结论,间苯三酚有效地增强了睡眠,同时抑制了地西泮减少δ活动从而改变睡眠结构并降低睡眠质量的副作用。
5)单次给药后睡眠结构随时间的变化
研究了口服阴性对照、间苯三酚、唑吡坦以及间苯三酚和唑吡坦的组合后,睡眠结构随时间的变化(见图5)。
单独施用150mg/kg间苯三酚仅在最初2小时内显著增加了NREM睡眠,此后,显示出与施用对照组相似的趋势(图5中的A)。相较而言,当单独施用10mg/kg唑吡坦时,前4小时具有持续增强睡眠效果,即使在施用后14小时,NREM睡眠也显著增加,这表明唑吡坦具有残留镇静作用(图5中的B)。
半剂量施用唑吡坦(5mg/kg)在给药后的最初3小时内显著增加NREM睡眠,并在给药9小时后内显著降低失眠,导致轻微的残留镇静作用(见图5中的C)。相较而言,与单独施用150mg/kg间苯三酚的组相比,共同施用100mg/kg间苯三酚和5mg/kg唑吡坦的组仅在前2小时观察到增强睡眠的作用。与单独施用10mg/kg和5mg/kg唑吡坦的组不同,在共同施用100mg/kg间苯三酚和5mg/kg唑吡坦的组中未发现任何残留镇静作用(见图5的D)。
实验性实施例2:用于增强睡眠的作用机制
唑吡坦的睡眠增强作用被氟马西尼完全阻断(见图6)。当未用氟马西尼治疗时,间苯三酚可增加NREM睡眠,但用氟马西尼治疗可将间苯三酚治疗的组的NREM睡眠量降低至与阴性对照(载体)相似的水平(见图6)。
以与实验性实施例1中所述相同的方式分析了睡眠结构随时间的变化。结果,当施用氟马西尼时,施用间苯三酚组的睡眠结构与阴性对照组相似(见图7)。这些结果表明间苯三酚作为GABAA-苯二氮受体激动剂可以增强睡眠。
实验性实施例3:长期给药期间的睡眠结构
1)实验方法
准备实验动物,并以与实验性实施例1相同的方式分析其睡眠结构。如实验性实施例1中的单次给药,使小鼠在手术后恢复7天并适应4天。之后,在适应后的第0天测量基线(BL),并将样品向每只动物口服给药21天。在第1天、第7天、第14天和第21天记录了EEG。在随后的2天停药期间记录并分析了EEG。图8是用于在长期给药期间睡眠结构分析的实验的流程图。样品为100mg/kg间苯三酚(PG)、5mg/kg唑吡坦(ZPD)、以及100mg/kg间苯三酚和5mg/kg唑吡坦的组合,每天给药一次。
2)长期给药期间对减少睡眠潜伏期和睡眠结构变化的影响
据报道,长时间服用(如3周或长于3周)唑吡坦(ZPD)会引起副作用,例如耐受性(Steppuhn等人,1992;Priest等人,1997;Ebert等人,2008)。进行该实验以确认是否1)长期施用间苯三酚(PG)和唑吡坦的组合可抑制之前报道的唑吡坦的副作用,以及2)长期单独施用间苯三酚显示出与唑吡坦相似的耐受性,以及相似的唑吡坦的副作用。在长期施用每种样品3周的第0天、第1天、第7天、第14天和第21天记录小鼠的EEG。分析记录的脑电图。
与相应的基线(BL)相比,在单独口服唑吡坦(5mg/kg)3周期间,观察到睡眠潜伏期显著减少,NREM睡眠时间显著增加。然而,唑吡坦的给药显示出随着给药时间延长而增加睡眠潜伏期的趋势。给药后第三周和第一天的睡眠潜伏期有显著差异,表明实验动物对唑吡坦的耐受性。此外,唑吡坦的给药显示出随着给药时间延长而减少NREM睡眠时间的趋势。给药后第三周和第一天的NREM睡眠时间有显著差异,表明实验动物对唑吡坦的耐受性(见图9)。
从这些结果可以得出结论,长期施用唑吡坦(≥3周)会逐渐减少其对缩短睡眠潜伏期和延长NREM睡眠时间的效果。
与相应的基线(BL)相比,在单独口服间苯三酚(100mg/kg)3周期间,观察到睡眠潜伏期显著减少,NREM睡眠时间增加。然而,与第1天的基线相比,睡眠潜伏期明显减少,即使在第7天、第14天和第21天也保持不变。此外,增加的NREM睡眠时间从第1天一直持续到第21天,这表明与长期施用唑吡坦不同,尽管长期施用,间苯三酚不会引起耐受性(见图9)。
单独施用唑吡坦(5mg/kg)时,缩短睡眠潜伏期的效果和延长NREM睡眠时间的效果逐渐减弱,但共同施用间苯三酚(100mg/kg)和唑吡坦(5mg/kg)时未观察到这些现象(见图9)。从这些结果可以得出结论,间苯三酚可抑制长期施用唑吡坦引起的耐受性,或减少长期施用唑吡坦的副作用的发生率。
在所有实验组中,与停药期间相应的基线相比,睡眠潜伏期和NREM睡眠时间均存在显著差异(见图9)。
3)长期给药期间NREM睡眠时间的变化
图10A和图10B分别显示了长期给药3周的第1天、第7天、第14天和第21天,以及随后停药(WD)期间的NREM睡眠时间随时间的变化。
与基线相比,单独给药唑吡坦(5mg/kg)第1天的最初3小时导致NREM睡眠时间显著增加,但之后效果逐渐减弱。在第21天的仅前1小时发现NREM睡眠时间显著增加。
相较而言,与唑吡坦相比,单独施用间苯三酚(100mg/kg)不能有效地增强NREM睡眠,但其NREM睡眠增强作用相似地从第1天持续到第21天,这表明间苯三酚不会导致任何耐受性。
特别地,与单独施用间苯三酚(5mg/kg)相比,共同施用间苯三酚(100mg/kg)和唑吡坦(5mg/kg)在前3h可有效增强NREM睡眠。此外,当共同施用间苯三酚(100mg/kg)和唑吡坦(5mg/kg)时,第1天的最初3小时的NREM睡眠时间显著增加,甚至在第7天、第14天和第21天也是如此,这与单独施用唑吡坦(5mg/kg)时不同。即,发现共同施用苯三酚和唑吡坦可长期维持其对增加NREM睡眠时间的作用。
同时,在所有实验组中,发现在施用样品期间增加的NREM睡眠时间与停药期相应的基线相似。
4)长期服用期间δ活动的变化
如在实验性实施例1中单独施用唑吡坦(5mg/kg)后发现的,在长期施用唑吡坦期间的第1天、第7天和第14天发现δ活动显著减少(p<0.01)。发现在第21天和停药(WD)后的δ活动与相应的基线相似(见图11A和图11B)。
相较而言,当单独施用间苯三酚(100mg/kg)时,在整个长期给药期间内保持恒定的δ活动而没有减少(见图11A和图11B)。
特别地,当共同施用间苯三酚(100mg/kg)和唑吡坦(5mg/kg)时,在整个长期给药期间内保持δ活动恒定而没有减少。相较而言,在单独施用唑吡坦(5mg/kg)的第1天、第7天和第14天观察到δ活动减少(见图11A和图11B)。
以上结果表明间苯三酚可以减轻唑吡坦的副作用,同时保持唑吡坦的睡眠增强作用,表明间苯三酚可以与唑吡坦联合使用。
下文将解释根据本发明的药物组合物和保健功能食品组合物的配方实施例。但是,提供这些配方实施例仅用于说明目的,并不旨在限制本发明。
配方实施例1:散剂的制备
间苯三酚粉末 100mg
乳糖 100mg
滑石粉 10mg
将成分混合并装入密封袋中,以生产散剂。
配方实施例2:片剂的制备
根据本领域已知的一般方法将成分混合并压制成片剂。
配方实施例3:胶囊剂的制备
根据本领域已知的一般方法,将成分混合并填充在明胶胶囊中以制备胶囊剂。
配方实施例4:可注射制剂的制备
根据本领域已知的一般方法,将成分混合并装入安瓿瓶中以制备具有上述组成的可注射制剂。
配方实施例5:液体制剂的制备
根据本领域已知的一般方法,将成分溶解在纯化水中,向溶液中加入适量的柠檬香精,用纯化水将体积调节至总计100ml,并将混合物装入琥珀色的玻璃瓶中,灭菌制成液体制剂。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于预防或治疗睡眠障碍的药物组合物,其包含间苯三酚作为活性成分,其中当所述药物组合物以治疗有效量给药以治疗睡眠障碍至少2周时,减轻了选自长期给药引起的对睡眠障碍的治疗效果减少和EEGδ能量抑制的一种或多于一种副作用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物组合物,其中所述睡眠障碍是失眠。
10.根据权利要求6所述的组合制剂,其中所述GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的副作用选自EEGδ能量抑制、残留镇静作用和长期给药引起的对睡眠障碍的治疗效果减少。
11.根据权利要求6所述的组合制剂,其中所述睡眠障碍是失眠。
13.根据权利要求12所述的保健功能食品组合物,其中以治疗有效量施用组合物治疗睡眠障碍持续至少2周。
14.根据权利要求12所述的保健功能食品组合物,其中所述组合物减轻选自长期给药引起的对睡眠障碍的治疗效果减少和EEGδ能量抑制的一种或多于一种副作用。
15.根据权利要求12所述的保健功能食品组合物,其中所述睡眠障碍是失眠。
20.一种用于治疗睡眠障碍的方法,包括向患有睡眠障碍的患者施用间苯三酚和针对GABA-A受体苯二氮结合位点的激动剂的组合。
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PCT/KR2018/005389 WO2018208107A1 (ko) | 2017-05-11 | 2018-05-10 | 플로로글루시놀을 유효성분으로 하는 수면 장애 개선, 예방 또는 치료용 조성물, 또는 gaba-a 수용체 벤조다이아제핀 결합 위치 효능제의 내성 억제 또는 부작용 경감용 조성물 |
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