CN110699621A - 一种太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件镀锌方法 - Google Patents

一种太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件镀锌方法 Download PDF

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CN110699621A
CN110699621A CN201910973663.4A CN201910973663A CN110699621A CN 110699621 A CN110699621 A CN 110699621A CN 201910973663 A CN201910973663 A CN 201910973663A CN 110699621 A CN110699621 A CN 110699621A
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support system
steel member
photothermal
solar photovoltaic
temperature
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魏明
洪剑波
金红祥
李生福
张方金
张文栋
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Hercynian Huahui Chemical Machinery Co ltd
Qinghai Jingong New Energy Technology Co ltd
Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Research of CAS
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Hercynian Huahui Chemical Machinery Co ltd
Qinghai Jingong New Energy Technology Co ltd
Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Research of CAS
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Priority to AU2020102140A priority patent/AU2020102140A4/en
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件镀锌方法，涉及表面处理工程技术领域。本发明提供的方法包括以下步骤：将太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件依次进行无磷脱脂、酸洗、浸助镀液、烘干、热镀锌、冷却和钝化，完成太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件的镀锌过程。本发明工序简单、操作环境良好、效率高、成本低，采用本发明方法进行镀锌后的太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件性能稳定、耐腐蚀性较强。

Description

一种太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件镀锌方法
技术领域
本发明涉及表面处理工程技术领域，特别涉及一种太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件镀锌方法。
背景技术
太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统既要保证太阳能光伏/光热系统的安全运行又要具有成本优势，从目前的光伏/光热市场的实际需求考虑，角铁和木材支架已经不具备规模发电对产品抗压、耐腐蚀、免维修等特性的需要，而铝合金支架不适合用于风力速度较大的地区使用。因此，镀锌太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件展现出巨大的优势，但在镀锌过程中，大部分方法存在工序设置不合理，操作环境差、能耗高、产品质量不稳定的问题，镀锌构件的耐腐蚀性较差，不适合在一些高寒、盐碱地区使用。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件镀锌方法。本发明提供的方法工序简单、操作环境良好，采用本发明方法进行镀锌后的太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件性能稳定、耐腐蚀性较强。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明提供了以下技术方案：
本发明提供了一种太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件镀锌方法，包括以下步骤：
将太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件依次进行无磷脱脂、酸洗、浸助镀液、烘干、热镀锌、冷却和钝化，完成太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件的镀锌过程。
优选地，所述无磷脱脂采用的脱脂剂为OP乳化剂的水溶液；所述OP乳化剂的水溶液中OP乳化剂的质量浓度为2～3％。
优选地，所述无磷脱脂的温度为25～45℃，时间为25～30min。
优选地，所述酸洗用酸为盐酸，所述盐酸的质量浓度为15～25％；所述酸洗的温度为室温。
优选地，所述酸洗后还包括对酸洗后的钢构件进行水洗。
优选地，所述助镀液为氯化锌和氯化铵的混合水溶液；所述混合水溶液中氯化锌和氯化铵的总质量浓度为20～30％；所述氯化铵和氯化锌的质量比为0.8～1.6：1。
优选地，所述助镀液的温度为55～65℃。
优选地，所述热镀锌的温度为436～440℃。
优选地，所述冷却为水冷却；所述冷却后所得太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统镀锌钢构件的温度为45～47℃。
优选地，所述钝化用钝化液为铝酸盐与水溶性丙烯酸树脂的混合溶液；所述混合溶液中铝酸盐与水溶性丙烯酸树脂的质量比为1:3。
本发明提供了一种太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件镀锌方法，包括以下步骤：将太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件依次进行无磷脱脂、酸洗、浸助镀液、烘干、热镀锌、冷却和钝化，完成太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件的镀锌过程。本发明提供的方法工序简单、操作环境良好、效率高、成本低，采用本发明方法进行镀锌后的太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件性能稳定、耐腐蚀性较强。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件镀锌方法，包括以下步骤：
将太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件依次进行无磷脱脂、酸洗、浸助镀液、烘干、热镀锌、冷却和钝化，完成太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件的镀锌过程。
本发明将太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件进行无磷脱脂。在本发明中，所述无磷脱脂采用的脱脂剂优选为OP乳化剂的水溶液，即将所述太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件浸渍在OP乳化剂的水溶液中进行无磷脱脂；所述OP乳化剂的水溶液中OP乳化剂的质量浓度优选为2～3％，更优选为2.5％；所述OP乳化剂的主要成分为烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚。在本发明中，所述无磷脱脂的温度优选为25～45℃，更优选为30～35℃，时间优选为25～30min，更优选为26～28min；所述无磷脱脂的温度即为脱脂剂的温度，所述无磷脱脂的时间即为太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件在脱脂剂中的浸渍时间。本发明通过无磷脱脂，去除太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件表面的油污污染物。
无磷脱脂完成后，本发明对经过无磷脱脂的太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件进行酸洗。在本发明中，所述酸洗用酸优选为盐酸；所述盐酸的质量浓度优选为15～25％，更优选为18～22％。在本发明中，所述酸洗的温度优选为室温。本发明通过酸洗清除太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件表面的氧化物。酸洗后，本发明还优选对酸洗后的钢构件进行水洗，以去除钢构件表面的残酸；在本发明中，所述水洗的次数优选为2次。在本发明中，酸洗后产生的废酸(废盐酸)可通过酸雾吸收的方法进行回收，进而实现盐酸的重复利用，具体为将废酸用火焰或蒸汽蒸发，再进行冷凝处理。
酸洗完成后，本发明将经过酸洗的太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件浸助镀液。在本发明中，所述助镀液优选为氯化锌和氯化铵的混合水溶液；所述混合水溶液中氯化锌和氯化铵的总质量浓度优选为20～30％，更优选为25～26％；所述氯化铵和氯化锌的质量比优选为0.8～1.6：1，更优选为1.2～1.5:1。在本发明中，所述助镀液的温度优选为55～65℃，更优选为60℃；所述浸助镀液的时间优选为40～90s，更优选为50～70s。本发明通过浸助镀液使后续热镀锌过程中钢构件中的铁能够与锌层更好地结合。在本发明中，所述助镀液在使用后其中会存在Fe2+，而Fe2+的存在会影响助镀液的效果，为实现助镀液的再生，可采用氧化剂对使用后的助镀液进行氧化，将其中的Fe2+氧化为Fe3+，以形成Fe(OH)3沉淀去除；通过助镀液的再生，可实现助镀液的循环利用，最终实现镀锌过程的节能减排。
浸助镀液后，本发明将经过助镀液处理的太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件烘干。在本发明中，所述烘干的温度优选为50～70℃，时间优选为50～70s。
烘干后，本发明对干燥的太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件进行热镀锌，即将所述太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件浸渍在熔融的锌液中。在本发明中，所述热镀锌的温度优选为436～440℃，更优选为438℃，所述热镀锌的温度即为锌液的温度。在本发明中，所述热镀锌的时间优选为5～10min，更优选为6～8min。
热镀锌后，本发明对得到的太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统镀锌钢构件进行冷却和钝化。在本发明中，所述冷却优选为水冷却；所述冷却后太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统镀锌钢构件的温度优选为45～47℃。本发明优选采用水对太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统镀锌钢构件进行冷却，能够保证最终产品的光泽度。在本发明中，所述钝化用钝化液优选为铝酸盐与水溶性丙烯酸树脂的混合溶液；所述混合溶液中铝酸盐与水溶性丙烯酸树脂的质量比优选为1:3。在本发明中，所述钝化的温度优选为50～60℃，时间优选为40～90min。本发明通过钝化在太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统镀锌钢构件表面形成一层钝化膜。
本发明提供的太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件镀锌方法工序简单、操作环境良好、效率高、成本低，采用本发明方法进行镀锌后的太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件性能稳定、耐腐蚀性较强。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件镀锌方法进行详细的说明，但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
一种太阳能光伏支撑系统钢构件镀锌工艺，包括以下步骤，
(1)将太阳能光伏支撑系统钢构件进行无磷脱脂：无磷脱脂剂为OP乳化剂的水溶液，质量浓度为2％，脱脂工作温度25℃，脱脂时间25min。
(2)将太阳能光伏支撑系统钢构件进行酸洗，清除表面氧化物：采用盐酸进行酸洗，盐酸质量浓度15％，酸洗温度为室温；酸洗后对钢构件进行水洗。
(3)将太阳能光伏支撑系统钢构件浸助镀液，之后进行烘干：助镀液的主要成分为氯化锌和氯化铵的混合水溶液，混合水溶液中氯化锌和氯化铵的总质量浓度为20％，氯化铵和氯化锌的质量比为1.2:1，助镀液的温度为55℃。
(4)将太阳能光伏支撑系统钢构件热镀锌，镀锌温度440℃。
(5)将太阳能光伏支撑系统镀锌钢构件进行清水冷却，冷却温度45℃。
(6)将冷却后的太阳能光伏支撑系统镀锌钢构件进行钝化，钝化液主要组分为铝酸盐与水溶性丙烯酸树脂，铝酸盐与水溶性丙烯酸树脂的质量比为1:3。
(7)将钝化后的太阳能光伏支撑系统镀锌钢构件进行检查入库。
按照GB6458-86《盐雾试验国家标准》对太阳能光伏支撑系统镀锌钢构件成品的耐腐蚀性进行检测，经过酸性盐雾试验480h后，钢构件的损耗厚度仅为23μm。
实施例2
一种太阳能光热支撑系统钢构件镀锌工艺，包括以下步骤，
(1)将太阳能光热支撑系统钢构件进行无磷脱脂：无磷脱脂剂为OP乳化剂的水溶液，质量浓度为3％，脱脂工作温度45℃，脱脂时间30min。
(2)将太阳能光热支撑系统钢构件进行酸洗，清除表面氧化物：采用盐酸进行酸洗，盐酸质量浓度25％，酸洗温度为室温；酸洗后对钢构件进行水洗。
(3)将太阳能光热支撑系统钢构件浸助镀液，之后进行烘干：助镀液的主要成分为氯化锌和氯化铵的混合水溶液，混合水溶液中氯化锌和氯化铵的总质量浓度为30％，氯化铵和氯化锌的质量比为1.6:1；助镀液的温度为60℃。
(4)将太阳能光热支撑系统钢构件热镀锌，镀锌温度436℃。
(5)将太阳能光热支撑系统镀锌钢构件进行清水冷却，冷却温度47℃。
(6)将冷却后的太阳能光热支撑系统镀锌钢构件进行钝化，钝化液的主要组分为铝酸盐与水溶性丙烯酸树脂，铝酸盐与水溶性丙烯酸树脂的质量比为1:3。
(7)将钝化后的太阳能光热支撑系统镀锌钢构件进行检查入库。
按照GB6458-86《盐雾试验国家标准》对太阳能光热支撑系统镀锌钢构件成品的耐腐蚀性进行检测，经过酸性盐雾试验480h后，钢构件的损耗厚度仅为21μm。
通过以上实施例可以看出，采用本发明方法进行镀锌后的太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件耐腐蚀性较强、性能稳定，同时本发明方法工序简单、操作环境良好、效率高、成本低。
上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件镀锌方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
将太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件依次进行无磷脱脂、酸洗、浸助镀液、烘干、热镀锌、冷却和钝化，完成太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统钢构件的镀锌过程。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述无磷脱脂采用的脱脂剂为OP乳化剂的水溶液；所述OP乳化剂的水溶液中OP乳化剂的质量浓度为2～3％。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述无磷脱脂的温度为25～45℃，时间为25～30min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述酸洗用酸为盐酸，所述盐酸的质量浓度为15～25％；所述酸洗的温度为室温。
5.根据权利要求1或4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述酸洗后还包括对酸洗后的钢构件进行水洗。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述助镀液为氯化锌和氯化铵的混合水溶液；所述混合水溶液中氯化锌和氯化铵的总质量浓度为20～30％；所述氯化铵和氯化锌的质量比为0.8～1.6：1。
7.根据权利要求1或6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述助镀液的温度为55～65℃。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述热镀锌的温度为436～440℃。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述冷却为水冷却；所述冷却后所得太阳能光伏/光热支撑系统镀锌钢构件的温度为45～47℃。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述钝化用钝化液为铝酸盐与水溶性丙烯酸树脂的混合溶液；所述混合溶液中铝酸盐与水溶性丙烯酸树脂的质量比为1:3。
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