CN110692437A - Cultivation method of Xiangwei mushroom - Google Patents

Cultivation method of Xiangwei mushroom Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110692437A
CN110692437A CN201911218676.7A CN201911218676A CN110692437A CN 110692437 A CN110692437 A CN 110692437A CN 201911218676 A CN201911218676 A CN 201911218676A CN 110692437 A CN110692437 A CN 110692437A
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cultivation
culture
inoculation
xiangwei
stock
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Inventor
宋驰
肖湘月
冀宏
郑雪平
蔡小龙
陈业虎
张宇晨
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Changshu Institute of Technology
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Changshu Institute of Technology
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/30—Accessories for use before inoculation of spawn, e.g. sterilisers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/50—Inoculation of spawn
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
    • A01G18/64—Cultivation containers; Lids therefor
    • A01G18/66—Cultivation bags
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
    • A01G18/69—Arrangements for managing the environment, e.g. sprinklers

Abstract

A cultivation method of Xiangwei mushroom, belonging to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a mother strain, namely preparing a culture medium, sterilizing the culture medium and inoculating; preparing stock seeds, namely preparing a comprehensive culture material and inoculating and culturing; preparing cultivated species; fruiting management, wherein the fruiting management comprises temperature, humidity, air and illumination control, the temperature control is to control the temperature of a culture room to be 20-25 ℃, the humidity control is to control the relative humidity of a fruiting place to be 85-95% in a spraying mode, the air control is to keep the air circulation of the culture room, and the illumination control is to avoid direct sunlight and install illumination light sources at intervals; and (4) harvesting when the edges of the widmanassia mushrooms are curled inwards and a large amount of spores are not ejected yet. The growth speed of the Xiangwei mushroom hypha is promoted, the quality of the Xiangwei mushroom is improved and the yield is increased by improving the variety and the proportion of the mother seeds, the stock seeds and the cultivation seeds.

Description

Cultivation method of Xiangwei mushroom
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of Xiangwei mushrooms.
Background
The Xiangweigu is a new sexual distant hybrid variety of edible mushrooms (the hybrid parent is shiitake mushroom and asafetida mushroom) cultivated in 1997 by Sanming fungus research institute in Fujian province, the stipe of the edible mushrooms is white, the stipe of the edible mushrooms is light grey to dark grey, and the edible mushrooms have the sweet flavor of asafetida mushroom and the strong stress resistance of shiitake mushroom. The delicious Wei mushroom has tender and smooth meat, fresh, sweet and delicious taste, excellent mouthfeel, high nutritional value, unique medicinal efficacy, efficacy of enhancing the immunologic function of a human body after being eaten frequently, is very beneficial to stomach and liver, and has better curative effects on hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Therefore, the Xiangwei mushroom has good development prospect. The fruiting is medium temperature, the fruiting is fast, the production period is short, and the economic benefit is good. At present, the high-yield cultivation technology of Xiangweigu mushroom is successively researched by Linru regular script, Gaozhu, Yanzexiang, Dinghuguang and the like, and specifically, the technology can be found in 12 th and 21 st of North horticulture 2010, 3 rd of 2009 of edible fungi and 1 st of 2009 of food science.
Technical information related to cultivation of Xiangwei mushrooms is typically found in published Chinese patent documents, such as "Xiangwei mushroom cultivation method" disclosed in CN101103680A, which has the technical effects described on page 2 of the specification, but as in the aforementioned journal paper, there is no systematic introduction of the whole process from stock culture preparation, cultivation seed preparation to fruiting management of Xiangwei mushrooms. And no technical inspiration is given for improving the yield of the manassantin, so that the search for a cultivation method which is beneficial to remarkably improving the yield of the manassantin to meet the market demand has positive significance, and the technical scheme to be described below is generated under the background.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of Xiangwei mushroom, which promotes the growth speed of Xiangwei mushroom hyphae, improves the quality of Xiangwei mushroom and increases the yield by improving the variety and the proportion of mother seeds, stock seeds and cultivation seed culture materials.
The task of the invention is completed in such a way that the cultivation method of the Xiangwei mushroom comprises the following steps:
A) preparing a mother seed: the preparation method of the mother seeds comprises the steps of culture medium preparation, culture medium sterilization and inoculation, wherein the culture medium preparation comprises the steps of adding water into potato chips, boiling for 25-35min, filtering with gauze to obtain potato filtrate, adding sucrose, glucose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and agar into the potato filtrate, adding water, and heating until the agar is melted to obtain a molten culture medium; the culture medium sterilization comprises pouring the molten culture medium into a test tube, adding a plug, placing in a high-pressure steam cooker, sterilizing, maintaining for 15-35min, opening the cover of the high-pressure steam cooker when the pressure of the high-pressure steam cooker is reduced to zero, taking out the test tube, and placing into a slant culture medium; the inoculation is to carry out aseptic inoculation operation in a clean bench: taking 3-5g of internal tissue blocks of the fresh Xiangwei mushrooms by using an inoculation hook, inoculating the internal tissue blocks into the slant culture medium, controlling the distance between the internal tissue blocks of the fresh Xiangwei mushrooms and a test tube opening of a test tube, covering a test tube plug, and placing the inoculated test tube into an incubator for constant-temperature culture to obtain a mother seed for stock seed production;
B) preparing a stock seed, wherein the preparing of the stock seed comprises comprehensive culture material preparation and inoculation culture, the comprehensive culture material preparation comprises the steps of taking cottonseed hulls, sawdust, bran, glucose, corn flour, cane sugar and lime as comprehensive culture materials, adding water, mixing and stacking, filling the comprehensive culture materials into 500ml stock seed bottles after stacking is finished, filling 4/5 parts of the volume of each stock seed bottle, covering a ventilating plug, then placing the bottles in a high-pressure steam boiler for sterilization for 110-plus-material 130min, and taking the bottles out after cooling to obtain the stock seed culture materials; the inoculation culture is that the sterilized stock solution bottle filled with the comprehensive culture material is firstly placed in a sterilized inoculation box, and aseptic operation is carried out: inoculating 5-10g of the mother seeds in the step A) to a stock seed bottle by using an inoculation hook, and placing the stock seed bottle in a culture chamber for constant-temperature culture to obtain stock seeds;
C) preparing a cultivated species, taking cottonseed hull, sawdust, corncob, cane sugar, bran and lime as cultivation materials according to mass percent, adding water into the cultivation materials, mixing and stacking the cultivation materials, filling the cultivation materials into a cultivation bag after stacking, opening one end of the cultivation bag, bagging the cultivation bag to 4/5, filling a 15-20cm wood stick into the center of the cultivation material, punching, covering a cultivation bag lantern ring with a breathable film cover plug, placing the cultivation bag in a sterilization device for sterilization, controlling sterilization process parameters, placing the cultivation bag in a sterilized inoculation box after sterilization, and performing aseptic operation after cooling to room temperature: opening the cover plug, taking out the wooden stick in the cultivation material, reserving an inoculation hole in the center of the cultivation material, transferring the stock seed in the step B) to the central inoculation hole in the cultivation bag, controlling the inoculation amount of the stock seed, returning the cover plug to the cultivation bag after inoculation is finished, and placing the cover plug in a cultivation room for cultivation and fruiting;
D) fruiting management, wherein the fruiting management comprises temperature, humidity, air and illumination control, the temperature control is to control the temperature of a culture room to be 20-25 ℃, the humidity control is to control the relative humidity of a fruiting place to be 85-95% in a spraying mode, the air control is to keep the air of the culture room to circulate, and the illumination control is to avoid direct sunlight and install illumination light sources at intervals;
E) and (4) harvesting when the edges of the widmanassia mushrooms are curled inwards and a large amount of spores are not ejected yet.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, in the step A), 220g of potato juice, 4-6g of sucrose, 18-22g of glucose, 0.4-0.6g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.45-0.55g of magnesium sulfate and 18-22g of agar are taken by weight in the culture medium, and the water is added and heated until the water addition amount for melting the agar is 900-.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the sterilization temperature in the autoclave of steps A) and B) is 120-2。
In another embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the incubation in the incubator in step A) is 22-25 ℃ and the incubation time is 10-15 days; the distance between the interior of the fresh and fragrant widmanspipe and the mouth of the test tube is controlled to be 6-9 cm.
In a further specific embodiment of the invention, in the comprehensive culture material in the step B), the weight ratio of the cotton seed hulls, the wood chips, the bran 5, the glucose 1, the corn flour 2, the sucrose 1 and the lime 1 percent is 1: 1.2; the ventilating plug device is a bottle plug with small ventilating holes.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the incubation in the incubation chamber in step B) is 22-25 ℃ and the incubation time is 60-80 days.
In a more specific embodiment of the present invention, in the cultivation material in step C), the cotton seed hulls 30%, the wood chips 30%, the corn cobs 30%, the sucrose 1%, the bran 8% and the lime 1%, and the water is added in a weight ratio of the cultivation material to the water of 1: 1.2; the specification of the cultivation bag is a polyethylene high-temperature resistant cultivation bag with the diameter of 15cm, the length of 55cm and the wall thickness of 0.05-0.08 mm; the cover plug with the breathable film is a breathable cover plug with a filtering function; the sterilization device is a high-pressure steam sterilization pot or a normal-pressure stove; the technological parameters for controlling sterilization are as follows: when high pressure steam sterilization pot is adopted, the pressure of the high pressure pot is 0.13-0.14MPa/cm2Maintaining for 110-; the step of controlling the stock inoculation amount refers to the step of inoculating ten cultivation bags by one bottle of stock in the step B).
In still another embodiment of the present invention, in step D), the distance between the installed illumination lamps is 6-8 m, and the power of the illumination lamps is 40W.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the comprehensive and reasonable element selection is performed from mother seed preparation, stock seed preparation, cultivated seed preparation, fruiting management to harvest, so that the stock seeds are improved; the variety and the proportion of the mother culture materials and the cultivated species are selected reasonably, so that the growth vigor of the Xiangweigu mushroom hypha can be guaranteed, and the Xiangweigu mushroom quality and the Xiangweigu mushroom yield can be improved remarkably.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
A) preparing a mother seed: the mother culture preparation comprises culture medium preparation, culture medium sterilization and inoculation, the culture medium preparation comprises the steps of firstly adding water into potato chips, boiling for 35min, then filtering with gauze to obtain potato filtrate, and then adding cane sugar, glucose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and agar into the potato filtrate, and specifically comprises the following steps: taking 180g of potato filtrate, 6g of sucrose, 20g of glucose, 0.4g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.55g of magnesium sulfate and 20g of agar by weight in the culture medium, adding 1000ml of water, and heating until the agar is melted to obtain a molten culture medium; the culture medium sterilization comprises pouring the molten culture medium into a test tube, adding a plug, placing in a high pressure steam cooker, and sterilizing at 123 deg.C under 0.12MPa/cm2Maintaining for 15min, after the pressure in the high-pressure steam cooker is reduced to zero (according to the pressure display table on the high-pressure steam cooker), opening the cover of the high-pressure steam cooker, taking out the test tube and placing the test tube into a slant culture medium, wherein the placing into the slant culture medium is to form a slant on the liquid level of the culture surface in the test tube when the test tube is placed; the inoculation is to carry out aseptic inoculation operation in a clean bench, and specifically comprises the following steps: taking 3g of internal tissue blocks of the fresh Xiangwei mushrooms by using an inoculation hook, inoculating the internal tissue blocks into the slant culture medium, controlling the distance between the internal tissue blocks of the fresh Xiangwei mushrooms and a test tube opening of the test tube to be 9cm, covering a test tube plug, placing the well inoculated test tube which is the inoculated test tube in an incubator, and culturing at constant temperature of 25 ℃ for 10 days to obtain a mother seed for stock seed production;
B) preparing stock seeds, wherein the preparing of the stock seeds comprises preparing comprehensive culture materials and inoculating culture, the preparing of the comprehensive culture materials comprises 70% of cottonseed hulls, 20% of sawdust, 5% of bran, 1% of glucose, 2% of corn flour, 1% of cane sugar and 1% of lime according to the mass percentage ratio, the weight ratio of the comprehensive culture materials to water is 1: 1.2, the comprehensive culture materials and the water are mixed according to the ratio of 1: 1.2 and then stacked, the comprehensive culture materials are filled into 500ml stock seed bottles after stacking is finished, and each bottle is a stock seed bottleThe stock bottle is filled with the comprehensive culture material
Figure BDA0002300193420000041
Covering a ventilation plug, then placing the mixture into a high-pressure steam boiler for sterilization, wherein the sterilization temperature in the high-pressure steam boiler is 120 ℃, the pressure is 0.1MPa, the sterilization time in the high-pressure steam boiler is 120min, after the sterilization is finished, taking the mixture out of the boiler after cooling, and obtaining the stock culture material; the inoculation culture is that a sterilized stock seed bottle filled with comprehensive culture materials is placed in a sterilized inoculation box for aseptic operation, 5g of the stock seeds in the step A) are inoculated to the stock seed bottle by an inoculation hook, and the stock seed bottle is placed in a culture room at 22 ℃ for constant-temperature culture for 80 days to obtain stock seeds;
C) preparing a culture, namely taking 30% of cottonseed hull, 30% of sawdust, 30% of corncob, 1% of cane sugar, 8% of bran and 1% of lime by mass as a culture material, adding water into the culture material, mixing, stacking, wherein the weight ratio of the culture material to the water is 1: 1.2, filling the culture material into a polyethylene high-temperature-resistant culture bag with the diameter of 15cm, the length of 55cm and the wall thickness of 0.08mm after stacking is finished, opening one end of the culture bag, and bagging the culture bag to obtain a culture bag
Figure BDA0002300193420000042
And (3) punching the center of a 15cm wooden stick inserted material, covering a ventilating cover plug with a filtering function on a cultivation bag sleeve ring, and placing the cultivation bag sleeve ring into a sterilization device for sterilization, wherein the sterilization device in the step is an autoclave, and the sterilization technological parameters are as follows: the pressure of the pressure cooker is 0.13MPa, the pressure is maintained for 110min, the pressure cooker is tightly closed for 24h, the cultivation bag is placed in a sterilized inoculation box after sterilization is finished, aseptic operation is carried out after the cultivation bag is cooled to room temperature, a cover plug is opened, the wood stick in the cultivation material is taken out, an inoculation hole is reserved in the center of the cultivation material, the stock seed in the step B) is transferred to the inoculation hole in the center of the cultivation bag, the stock seed inoculation amount is controlled, specifically, ten cultivation bags are inoculated by one bottle of stock seed in the step B), namely, the ten cultivation bags are distributed, after inoculation is finished, the cover plug is returned to the cultivation bags, the cultivation bags are placed in a cultivation chamber for cultivation and fruiting, and the fruiting management requirement is set forth in the step D);
D) fruiting management, wherein the fruiting management comprises temperature, humidity, air and illumination control, the temperature control is to control the temperature of a culture room to be 20 ℃, the humidity control is to control the relative humidity of a fruiting place to be 85% in a spraying mode, the air control is to keep the air circulation of the culture room, the illumination control is to avoid direct sunlight and install an illuminating lamp with power of 40W as an illuminating light source at a distance of 6 meters;
E) and (4) harvesting when the edges of the widmanassia fragrans caps are rolled inwards and a large amount of spores are not ejected yet, so that the widmanassia fragrans caps are sold in markets.
Example 2:
A) preparing a mother seed: the preparation of the mother seeds comprises the steps of preparing a culture medium, sterilizing the culture medium and inoculating, wherein the preparation of the culture medium comprises the steps of adding water into raw potato slices, boiling for 25min, filtering by using gauze to obtain potato filtrate, and then adding cane sugar, glucose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and agar into the potato filtrate, and specifically comprises the following steps: taking 200g of potato filtrate, 5g of sucrose, 18g of glucose, 0.5g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate and 22g of agar in the culture medium by weight, adding 900ml of water, and heating until the agar is melted to obtain a molten culture medium; the culture medium sterilization comprises pouring the molten culture medium into a test tube, adding a plug, placing in a high pressure steam cooker, and sterilizing at 120 deg.C under 0.10MPa/cm2Maintaining for 35min, after the sterilization of the high-pressure steam cooker is completed, opening the cover of the high-pressure steam cooker, taking out the test tube and placing the test tube into a slant culture medium, wherein the placing into the slant culture medium is to form a slant on the liquid level of the culture surface in the test tube when the test tube is placed; the inoculation is to carry out aseptic inoculation operation in a clean bench, and specifically comprises the following steps: taking an internal tissue block of fresh Xiangweimushroom with a weight of 5g by using an inoculation hook, inoculating the internal tissue block into the slant culture medium, controlling the distance between the internal tissue block of the fresh Xiangweimushroom and a test tube opening of the test tube to be 6cm, covering a test tube plug, and placing the well inoculated test tube which is the inoculated in an incubatorCulturing at 22 deg.C for 15 days to obtain mother seed for stock seed production;
B) preparing stock seeds, wherein the preparing of the stock seeds comprises preparing comprehensive culture materials and inoculating culture, the preparing of the comprehensive culture materials comprises 70% of cottonseed hulls, 20% of sawdust, 5% of bran, 1% of glucose, 2% of corn flour, 1% of cane sugar and 1% of lime according to the mass percentage ratio, the weight ratio of the comprehensive culture materials to water is 1: 1.2, the comprehensive culture materials and the water are mixed according to the ratio of 1: 1.2 and then stacked, the comprehensive culture materials are filled into 500ml stock seed bottles after stacking is finished, and each bottle, namely each stock seed bottle is filled with the comprehensive culture materials to the volume of the stock seed bottle
Figure BDA0002300193420000051
Covering a ventilation plug, then placing the mixture into a high-pressure steam boiler for sterilization, wherein the sterilization temperature in the high-pressure steam boiler is 123 ℃, the pressure is 0.12MPa, the sterilization time in the high-pressure steam boiler is 130min, after the sterilization is finished, taking the mixture out of the boiler after cooling, and obtaining the stock culture material; the inoculation culture is that a sterilized stock seed bottle filled with comprehensive culture materials is placed in a sterilized inoculation box for aseptic operation, 10g of the stock seeds in the step A) are inoculated to the stock seed bottle by an inoculation hook, and the stock seed bottle is placed in a culture room at 25 ℃ for constant-temperature culture for 60 days to obtain stock seeds;
C) preparing a culture, namely taking 30 mass percent of cottonseed hull, 30 mass percent of sawdust, 30 mass percent of corncob, 1 mass percent of cane sugar, 8 mass percent of bran and 1 mass percent of lime as a culture material, adding water into the culture material, mixing, stacking, wherein the weight ratio of the culture material to the water is 1: 1.2, filling the culture material into a polyethylene high-temperature-resistant culture bag with the diameter of 15cm, the length of 55cm and the wall thickness of 0.06mm after stacking is finished, opening one end of the culture bag, and bagging the culture bag to obtain a culture bag
Figure BDA0002300193420000052
And (3) punching the center of the 18cm wooden stick inserted material, covering a ventilating cover plug with a filtering function on a cultivation bag sleeve ring, and placing the cultivation bag sleeve ring into a sterilization device for sterilization, wherein the sterilization device in the step is an autoclave, and the sterilization technological parameters are as follows: the pressure of the pressure cooker is 0.14MPa, the holding time is 130min, and the pressure cooker is sealed for 24h, and the rice is killedAfter the fungus inoculation is finished, placing the cultivation bags in a sterilized inoculation box, performing aseptic operation after the cultivation bags are cooled to room temperature, opening a cover plug, taking out the wood sticks in the cultivation materials, reserving an inoculation hole in the center of the cultivation materials, transferring the stock seeds in the step B) to the inoculation hole in the center of the cultivation bags, controlling the inoculation amount of the stock seeds, specifically, inoculating ten cultivation bags from one bottle of the stock seeds in the step B), namely distributing the ten cultivation bags to the ten cultivation bags, returning the cover plug to the cultivation bags after the inoculation is finished, placing the cultivation bags in a cultivation room for cultivation and fruiting, wherein the fruiting management requirement is set forth in the step D);
D) fruiting management, wherein the fruiting management comprises temperature, humidity, air and illumination control, the temperature control is to control the temperature of a culture room to be 23 ℃, the humidity control is to control the relative humidity of a fruiting place to be 95% in a spraying mode, the air control is to keep the air circulation of the culture room, the illumination control is to avoid direct sunlight and install an illuminating lamp with power of 40W as an illuminating light source at a distance of 8 meters;
E) and (4) harvesting when the edges of the widmanassia fragrans caps are rolled inwards and a large amount of spores are not ejected yet, so that the widmanassia fragrans caps are sold in markets.
Example 3:
A) preparing a mother seed: the preparation of the mother seeds comprises the steps of preparing a culture medium, sterilizing the culture medium and inoculating, wherein the preparation of the culture medium comprises the steps of adding water into raw potato slices, boiling for 30min, filtering by using gauze to obtain potato filtrate, and then adding cane sugar, glucose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and agar into the potato filtrate, and specifically comprises the following steps: taking 220g of potato filtrate, 4g of sucrose, 22g of glucose, 0.6g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.45g of magnesium sulfate and 18g of agar in the culture medium by weight, adding 1100ml of water, and heating until the agar is melted to obtain a molten culture medium; the culture medium sterilization comprises pouring the molten culture medium into a test tube, adding a plug, placing in a high pressure steam cooker, and sterilizing at 121 deg.C under 0.11MPa/cm2Maintaining for 25min, and after the pressure in the high pressure steam cooker is reduced to zero (according to the pressure display table on the high pressure steam cooker), and sterilizingOpening a pot cover of the pressure cooker, taking out the test tube and placing the test tube into a slant culture medium, wherein the placing into the slant culture medium is to enable the liquid level of a culture surface in the test tube to form a slant when the test tube is placed; the inoculation is to carry out aseptic inoculation operation in a clean bench, and specifically comprises the following steps: taking an internal tissue block of fresh Xiangweimushroom with a weight of 4g by using an inoculation hook, inoculating into the slant culture medium, controlling the distance between the internal tissue block of the fresh Xiangweimushroom and a test tube opening of the test tube to be 8cm, covering a test tube plug, placing the well inoculated test tube which is the inoculated test tube in an incubator, and culturing at a constant temperature of 23.5 ℃ for 12 days to obtain a mother seed for stock seed production;
B) preparing stock seeds, wherein the preparing of the stock seeds comprises preparing comprehensive culture materials and inoculating culture, the preparing of the comprehensive culture materials comprises 70% of cottonseed hulls, 20% of sawdust, 5% of bran, 1% of glucose, 2% of corn flour, 1% of cane sugar and 1% of lime according to the mass percentage ratio, the weight ratio of the comprehensive culture materials to water is 1: 1.2, the comprehensive culture materials and the water are mixed according to the ratio of 1: 1.2 and then stacked, the comprehensive culture materials are filled into 500ml stock seed bottles after stacking is finished, and each bottle, namely each stock seed bottle is filled with the comprehensive culture materials to the volume of the stock seed bottle
Figure BDA0002300193420000061
Covering a ventilation plug, then placing the mixture into a high-pressure steam boiler for sterilization, wherein the sterilization temperature in the high-pressure steam boiler is 121 ℃, the pressure is 0.11MPa, the sterilization time in the high-pressure steam boiler is 110min, after the sterilization is finished, taking the mixture out of the boiler after cooling, and obtaining the stock culture material; the inoculation culture is that a sterilized stock seed bottle filled with the comprehensive culture material is placed in a sterilized inoculation box for aseptic operation, 8g of the stock seeds in the step A) are inoculated to the stock seed bottle by an inoculation hook, and the stock seed bottle is placed in a culture room at 23.5 ℃ for constant-temperature culture for 70 days to obtain stock seeds;
C) preparing a culture, namely taking 30 mass percent of cottonseed hull, 30 mass percent of sawdust, 30 mass percent of corncob, 1 mass percent of cane sugar, 8 mass percent of bran and 1 mass percent of lime as a culture material, adding water into the culture material, mixing, stacking, wherein the weight ratio of the culture material to the water is 1: 1.2, and filling the culture material into a container with the diameter of 15cm, the length of 55cm and the wall thickness of 55cm after stacking0.05mm polyethylene high-temperature resistant cultivation bag, wherein one end of the cultivation bag is opened and is bagged into the cultivation bag
Figure BDA0002300193420000071
The method comprises the steps of filling a 20cm wooden stick into the center of a material, punching, covering a ventilation cover plug with a filtering function on a cultivation bag sleeve ring, placing the cultivation bag sleeve ring in a sterilization device for sterilization, wherein the sterilization device in the step is a normal pressure stove for sterilization, maintaining for 18-24h after the temperature reaches 100 ℃, sealing in a normal pressure stove for 24h, placing the cultivation bag in a sterilized inoculation box after sterilization, cooling to room temperature, performing aseptic operation, opening a cover plug, taking out the wood stick in the cultivation material, leaving an inoculation hole in the center of the cultivation material, transferring the stock seed in the step B) to the inoculation hole in the center of the cultivation bag, and controlling the stock inoculation amount, in particular to inoculate ten cultivation bags by one bottle of stock in the step B), distributing the mushrooms to ten cultivation bags, returning the cap plugs to the cultivation bags after inoculation, placing the cultivation bags in a cultivation room for cultivation and fruiting, wherein the fruiting management requirements are set forth in the step D);
D) fruiting management, wherein the fruiting management comprises temperature, humidity, air and illumination control, the temperature control is to control the temperature of a culture room to be 25 ℃, the humidity control is to control the relative humidity of a fruiting place to be 90% in a spraying mode, the air control is to keep the air circulation of the culture room, the illumination control is to avoid direct sunlight and install an illuminating lamp with power of 40W as an illuminating light source at a distance of 7 meters;
E) and (4) harvesting when the edges of the widmanassia fragrans caps are rolled inwards and a large amount of spores are not ejected yet, so that the widmanassia fragrans caps are sold in markets.

Claims (8)

1. A cultivation method of Xiangwei mushroom is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A) preparing a mother seed: the preparation method of the mother seeds comprises the steps of culture medium preparation, culture medium sterilization and inoculation, wherein the culture medium preparation comprises the steps of adding water into potato chips, boiling for 25-35min, filtering with gauze to obtain potato filtrate, adding sucrose, glucose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and agar into the potato filtrate, adding water, and heating until the agar is melted to obtain a molten culture medium; the culture medium sterilization comprises pouring the molten culture medium into a test tube, adding a plug, placing in a high-pressure steam cooker, sterilizing, maintaining for 15-35min, opening the cover of the high-pressure steam cooker when the pressure of the high-pressure steam cooker is reduced to zero, taking out the test tube, and placing into a slant culture medium; the inoculation is to carry out aseptic inoculation operation in a clean bench: taking 3-5g of internal tissue blocks of the fresh Xiangwei mushrooms by using an inoculation hook, inoculating the internal tissue blocks into the slant culture medium, controlling the distance between the internal tissue blocks of the fresh Xiangwei mushrooms and a test tube opening of a test tube, covering a test tube plug, and placing the inoculated test tube into an incubator for constant-temperature culture to obtain a mother seed for stock seed production;
B) preparing a stock seed, wherein the preparing of the stock seed comprises comprehensive culture material preparation and inoculation culture, the comprehensive culture material preparation comprises the steps of taking cottonseed hulls, sawdust, bran, glucose, corn flour, cane sugar and lime as comprehensive culture materials, adding water, mixing and stacking, filling the comprehensive culture materials into 500ml stock seed bottles after stacking is finished, filling 4/5 parts of the volume of each stock seed bottle, covering a ventilating plug, then placing the bottles in a high-pressure steam boiler for sterilization for 110-plus-material 130min, and taking the bottles out after cooling to obtain the stock seed culture materials; the inoculation culture is that the sterilized stock solution bottle filled with the comprehensive culture material is firstly placed in a sterilized inoculation box, and aseptic operation is carried out: inoculating 5-10g of the mother seeds in the step A) to a stock seed bottle by using an inoculation hook, and placing the stock seed bottle in a culture chamber for constant-temperature culture to obtain stock seeds;
C) preparing a cultivated species, taking cottonseed hull, sawdust, corncob, cane sugar, bran and lime as cultivation materials according to mass percent, adding water into the cultivation materials, mixing and stacking the cultivation materials, filling the cultivation materials into a cultivation bag after stacking, opening one end of the cultivation bag, bagging the cultivation bag to 4/5, filling a 15-20cm wood stick into the center of the cultivation material, punching, covering a cultivation bag lantern ring with a breathable film cover plug, placing the cultivation bag in a sterilization device for sterilization, controlling sterilization process parameters, placing the cultivation bag in a sterilized inoculation box after sterilization, and performing aseptic operation after cooling to room temperature: opening the cover plug, taking out the wooden stick in the cultivation material, reserving an inoculation hole in the center of the cultivation material, transferring the stock seed in the step B) to the central inoculation hole in the cultivation bag, controlling the inoculation amount of the stock seed, returning the cover plug to the cultivation bag after inoculation is finished, and placing the cover plug in a cultivation room for cultivation and fruiting;
D) fruiting management, wherein the fruiting management comprises temperature, humidity, air and illumination control, the temperature control is to control the temperature of a culture room to be 20-25 ℃, the humidity control is to control the relative humidity of a fruiting place to be 85-95% in a spraying mode, the air control is to keep the air of the culture room to circulate, and the illumination control is to avoid direct sunlight and install illumination light sources at intervals;
E) and (4) harvesting when the edges of the widmanassia mushrooms are curled inwards and a large amount of spores are not ejected yet.
2. The cultivation method of Xiangwei mushroom as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step A), 220g of potato juice, 4-6g of sucrose, 18-22g of glucose, 0.4-0.6g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.45-0.55g of magnesium sulfate and 18-22g of agar are taken by weight in the culture medium, and the water is added and heated until the amount of the agar melted is 1100 ml.
3. The cultivation method of Xiangwei mushroom as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sterilization temperature in the autoclave in steps A) and B) is 120-2。
4. The cultivation method of Xiangwei mushrooms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the constant temperature cultivation in the incubator in step A) is 22-25 ℃, and the cultivation time is 10-15 days; the distance between the interior of the fresh and fragrant widmanspipe and the mouth of the test tube is controlled to be 6-9 cm.
5. The cultivation method of Xiangwei mushrooms as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the comprehensive cultivation material in step B), the weight ratio of the comprehensive cultivation material to the added water is 1: 1.2, the weight ratio of the cottonseed hulls is 70%, the wood chips is 20%, the bran is 5%, the glucose is 1%, the corn flour is 2%, the sucrose is 1% and the lime is 1%; the ventilating plug device is a bottle plug with small ventilating holes.
6. The cultivation method of Xiangwei mushrooms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the constant temperature cultivation in the cultivation room in step B) is 22-25 ℃, and the cultivation time is 60-80 days.
7. The cultivation method of Xiangwei mushrooms as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step C), in the cultivation material, the cottonseed hull 30%, the wood flour 30%, the corn cob 30%, the sucrose 1%, the bran 8% and the lime 1%, and the amount of the water added is 1: 1.2 of the weight ratio of the cultivation material to the water; the specification of the cultivation bag is a polyethylene high-temperature resistant cultivation bag with the diameter of 15cm, the length of 55cm and the wall thickness of 0.05-0.08 mm; the cover plug with the breathable film is a breathable cover plug with a filtering function; the sterilization device is a high-pressure steam sterilization pot or a normal-pressure stove; the technological parameters for controlling sterilization are as follows: when high pressure steam sterilization pot is adopted, the pressure of the high pressure pot is 0.13-0.14MPa/cm2Maintaining for 110-; the step of controlling the stock inoculation amount refers to the step of inoculating ten cultivation bags by one bottle of stock in the step B).
8. The cultivation method of Xiangwei mushrooms as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step D), the interval distance of the illuminating lamps installed at intervals is 6-8 m, and the power of the illuminating lamps is 40W.
CN201911218676.7A 2019-12-03 2019-12-03 Cultivation method of Xiangwei mushroom Pending CN110692437A (en)

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