CN110679737A - Liver-protecting kidney-protecting mould-removing feed additive for livestock and poultry as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Liver-protecting kidney-protecting mould-removing feed additive for livestock and poultry as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
- A23K20/121—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen or sulfur as hetero atom
- A23K20/126—Lactones
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of livestock breeding, and discloses a liver-protecting kidney-protecting mould-removing feed additive for livestock and poultry, and a preparation method and application thereof. The main components of the feed additive provided by the invention comprise herba artemisiae scopariae, desmodium, radix curcumae, fructus toosendan, rhizoma corydalis, medicated leaven, polygala tenuifolia, semen coicis, rhizoma dioscoreae, bacillus subtilis, superoxide dismutase and glucurolactone. The invention also provides a preparation method of the feed additive, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine raw materials are subjected to superfine grinding to obtain high bioavailability and remarkable curative effect, the whole preparation process is simple, the operability is strong, and the feed additive is suitable for large-scale and large-scale production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a liver-protecting kidney-protecting mould-removing feed additive for livestock and poultry, a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of feed additives.
Background
In recent years, mycotoxin pollution causes serious harm to agriculture and livestock breeding, the economic loss caused by the mycotoxin pollution is not inferior to the loss caused by some virulent infectious diseases, and the economic benefit and the social benefit of the breeding industry are seriously affected. The mass propagation of the mould consumes nutrient substances in the feed, so that the nutrient value of the feed is reduced, and the palatability is reduced. After animals eat feed polluted by mycotoxin, mycotoxin poisoning is easy to occur, excessive accumulation of toxin can cause pathological changes of organs such as liver, kidney and the like, the activity of digestive enzyme in vivo is reduced, the digestive and metabolic function of an organism is disordered, the growth of the animals is hindered, the utilization rate of the feed is reduced, the susceptibility to diseases is increased, and the death rate is increased. Livestock workers often focus on removing mycotoxin before entering animal bodies in the aspect of dealing with mycotoxin pollution, but any mildew remover cannot remove all toxins. The liver and the kidney are main target organs poisoned by the mycotoxin, so the liver and kidney functions of the livestock and the poultry are enhanced, the health of the liver and the kidney is maintained, the detoxification function of the livestock and the poultry is strengthened, and the mycotoxin resisting and removing capability of the animals is also enhanced.
The detoxification method of mycotoxin comprises a plurality of methods, such as a physical chemistry method, an adsorption method, a microorganism detoxification method and the like, the methods are proved to be effective and have certain problems, the traditional physical chemistry method has the problems of reducing the quality and the palatability of feed, lacking operability and the like, the adsorption method has no selectivity, nutrients, mineral substances and the like can be adsorbed while the toxin is adsorbed, and the applicability of the microorganism detoxification method is limited due to the efficient specificity.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a compound mildew remover, which mainly comprises a Chinese herbal medicine composition, probiotics, an enzyme preparation and an immunopotentiator, integrates three effects of protecting liver and kidney and removing mildew, maintains the health of liver and kidney, strengthens the detoxification of liver and improves the immunity of organism by improving and enhancing the liver function of livestock and poultry, thereby enhancing the resistance and the removal capacity of livestock and poultry to mycotoxin and reducing the infection rate, thereby ensuring the healthy growth of animals.
The Chinese herbal medicine composition of the compound mildew removing agent consists of capillary artemisia, desmodium, radix curcumae, szechwan chinaberry fruit, rhizoma corydalis, medicated leaven, polygala root, coix seed and common yam rhizome. The bacteria is Bacillus subtilis, and the biological enzyme is superoxide dismutase and immunopotentiator glucurolactone.
The first choice of Chinese medicine for treating chronic hepatitis is capillary artemisia and desmodium.
Herba Artemisiae Scopariae protects liver and promotes bile secretion, promotes liver cell regeneration, and enhances liver detoxification.
The herb of Longhairy antenoron is bitter and cool, bitter can dry dampness, cold can clear heat, enter liver and gallbladder meridians, and can induce diuresis to alleviate jaundice and remove stones to treat stranguria.
Radix Curcumae has effects of promoting blood circulation, relieving pain, activating qi-flowing, resolving stagnation, clearing heart fire, cooling blood, dispersing stagnated liver qi, and promoting bile flow.
Chuan Lian Zi can disperse liver heat, relieve depression and alleviate pain. When being matched with radix curcumae, the szechwan chinaberry fruit enters liver channel, soothes liver and relieves pain, is cold and cool in nature, can clear heat and conducts heat downward; yu jin is cold in nature, pungent, bitter and descending in property, pacifying the liver and resolving depression, activating blood and dissipating stasis. The two medicines are matched to calm the liver and improve the pain-relieving capability. It is combined with rhizoma corydalis, Chuan Lian Zi purges liver, promotes qi circulation and relieves pain, and rhizoma corydalis promotes qi circulation and blood circulation, removes blood stasis and relieves pain.
The medicated leaven is pungent and sweet in flavor and is nontoxic. Mainly resolve food retention, symptom accumulation, invigorate spleen and warm stomach.
Polygala tenuifolia has the effects of calming heart, tranquilizing mind, eliminating phlegm, inducing resuscitation, removing toxic substance and relieving swelling.
Coix seed, semen Coicis, has the effects of inducing diuresis, eliminating dampness, relieving arthralgia, invigorating spleen, relieving diarrhea, clearing away heat, and expelling pus.
The common yam rhizome is rich in 18 amino acids, more than 10 trace elements and other mineral substances, and has the effects of strengthening the spleen and stomach, tonifying the lung and the kidney, strengthening the middle warmer and replenishing qi, strengthening the spleen and tonifying deficiency, reinforcing the kidney and replenishing vital essence, benefiting the heart and soothing the nerves and the like.
The bacillus subtilis can improve the quantity and proportion of intestinal dominant bacteria, inhibit the field planting and growth of harmful bacteria, and has a certain degradation effect on aflatoxin.
Superoxide dismutase can specifically remove harmful free radicals in vivo to relieve organism injury caused by oxidation of some components in vivo by free radicals.
The glucurolactone has the main function of enhancing the detoxification function of the liver, can be combined with toxic substances in vivo to generate a glucuronic acid conjugate, and is discharged out of the body through the kidney.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a feed additive for protecting liver and kidney and removing mold for livestock and poultry as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
The main components of the liver-protecting kidney-protecting mildew-removing feed additive provided by the invention comprise a Chinese herbal medicine composition, probiotics, an enzyme preparation and an immunopotentiator.
The Chinese medicinal composition comprises herba Artemisiae Scopariae, herba Lysimachiae Christinae, radix Curcumae, fructus Toosendan, rhizoma corydalis, Massa Medicata Fermentata, cortex et radix Polygalae, Coicis semen and rhizoma Dioscoreae. The probiotics is bacillus subtilis, and the biological enzyme is superoxide dismutase and immunopotentiator glucurolactone.
The liver-protecting kidney-protecting mildew-removing feed additive for livestock and poultry comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
50-100 parts of oriental wormwood, 50-100 parts of desmodium, 40-75 parts of radix curcumae, 5-15 parts of szechwan chinaberry fruit, 5-20 parts of rhizoma corydalis, 20-50 parts of medicated leaven, 20-50 parts of polygala tenuifolia, 25-50 parts of semen coicis, 30-60 parts of common yam rhizome and 10-30 parts of bacillus subtilis (containing viable count of 1)010cfu/g), 10-30 parts of superoxide dismutase and 5-20 parts of glucurolactone.
Further, the various components consist of the following components in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of oriental wormwood, 60-90 parts of desmodium, 45-60 parts of radix curcumae, 6-12 parts of szechwan chinaberry fruit, 8-15 parts of rhizoma corydalis, 30-40 parts of medicated leaven, 25-40 parts of polygala tenuifolia, 30-45 parts of semen coicis, 40-50 parts of common yam rhizome and 12-28 parts of bacillus subtilis (containing 10 viable count)10cfu/g), 15-20 parts of superoxide dismutase and 10-18 parts of glucurolactone.
Furthermore, the preferred ratio of the components is as follows: 75 parts of oriental wormwood, 75 parts of desmodium, 50 parts of radix curcumae, 7 parts of szechwan chinaberry fruit, 10 parts of rhizoma corydalis, 35 parts of medicated leaven, 30 parts of polygala tenuifolia, 40 parts of coix seed, 45 parts of common yam rhizome and 20 parts of bacillus subtilis (containing 10 viable count)10cfu/g), 18 parts of superoxide dismutase and 15 parts of glucurolactone.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the liver-protecting kidney-protecting mould-removing feed additive for livestock and poultry, which comprises the following steps:
(1) all Chinese herbal medicine components in the prescription are respectively subjected to superfine grinding and then sieved by a 300-mesh sieve;
(2) weighing herba Artemisiae Scopariae, herba Lysimachiae Christinae, radix Curcumae, fructus Toosendan, rhizoma corydalis, Massa Medicata Fermentata, cortex et radix Polygalae, Coicis semen and rhizoma Dioscoreae according to weight ratio, placing into a mixing tank, and mixing thoroughly for 10-20 min to even;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the substance obtained in the step (2) with bacillus subtilis, superoxide dismutase and glucurolactone according to the weight ratio to obtain the product.
The liver-protecting kidney-protecting mould-removing feed additive for livestock and poultry has the following advantages:
(1) the advantages of different detoxication components are comprehensively utilized, the detoxication effect is more obvious than that of a single component, the adaptability is stronger, the detoxication agent has good detoxication effect on different mycotoxins, and the detoxication agent has the functions of protecting the liver and the kidney, and enhancing the immunity and disease resistance of animals.
(2) The components used in the invention are safe and environment-friendly, have no toxic or side effect and no residue on human beings and animals, and the Chinese herbal medicine composition raw materials are high in bioavailability and obvious in curative effect after being subjected to superfine grinding, and the whole preparation process is simple and strong in operability.
Detailed Description
For further understanding of the present invention, the following examples are given for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are provided for the purpose of illustrating the present invention.
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation and use of the feed additive of the invention
(1) All Chinese herbal medicine components in the prescription are respectively subjected to superfine grinding and then sieved by a 300-mesh sieve;
(2) weighing the following raw materials by weight: 50 parts of oriental wormwood, 50 parts of desmodium, 40 parts of radix curcumae, 5 parts of szechwan chinaberry fruit, 5 parts of rhizoma corydalis, 20 parts of medicated leaven, 20 parts of polygala tenuifolia, 25 parts of semen coicis and 30 parts of common yam rhizome are put into a mixing tank and fully mixed for 10-20 minutes until uniform;
(3) mixing the obtained product of (2) with 10 parts of Bacillus subtilis (containing viable count of 10)10cfu/g), 10 parts of superoxide dismutase and 5 parts of glucurolactone, and fully mixing uniformly to prepare the product.
(4) The feed additive is mixed with feed, 1kg of the feed additive is added into each ton of feed of pigs and chickens, and the addition amount can be increased to 2kg when the mycotoxin pollution condition is serious.
Example 2 preparation and use of the feed additive of the invention
(1) All Chinese herbal medicine components in the prescription are respectively subjected to superfine grinding and then sieved by a 300-mesh sieve;
(2) weighing the following raw materials by weight: 60 parts of oriental wormwood, 60 parts of desmodium, 45 parts of radix curcumae, 6 parts of szechwan chinaberry fruit, 8 parts of rhizoma corydalis, 30 parts of medicated leaven, 25 parts of polygala tenuifolia, 30 parts of semen coicis and 40 parts of common yam rhizome are put into a mixing tank and fully mixed for 10-20 minutes until uniform;
(3) mixing the obtained product of (2) with 12 parts of Bacillus subtilis (containing viable count of 10)10cfu/g), 15 parts of superoxide dismutase and 10 parts of glucurolactone are fully mixed uniformly to prepare the product.
(4) The feed additive is mixed with feed, 1kg of the feed additive is added into each ton of feed of pigs and chickens, and the addition amount can be increased to 2kg when the mycotoxin pollution condition is serious.
EXAMPLE 3 preparation and use of the feed additive of the invention
(1) All Chinese herbal medicine components in the prescription are respectively subjected to superfine grinding and then sieved by a 300-mesh sieve;
(2) weighing the following raw materials by weight: 75 parts of oriental wormwood, 75 parts of desmodium, 50 parts of radix curcumae, 7 parts of szechwan chinaberry fruit, 10 parts of rhizoma corydalis, 35 parts of medicated leaven, 30 parts of polygala tenuifolia, 40 parts of semen coicis and 45 parts of common yam rhizome are put into a mixing tank and are fully mixed for 10-20 minutes until the mixture is uniform;
(3) mixing the obtained product of (2) with 20 parts of Bacillus subtilis (containing viable count of 10)10cfu/g), 18 parts of superoxide dismutase and 15 parts of glucurolactone are fully and uniformly mixed to prepare the product.
(4) The feed additive is mixed with feed, 1kg of the feed additive is added into each ton of feed of pigs and chickens, and the addition amount can be increased to 2kg when the mycotoxin pollution condition is serious.
EXAMPLE 4 preparation and use of the feed additive of the invention
(1) All Chinese herbal medicine components in the prescription are respectively subjected to superfine grinding and then sieved by a 300-mesh sieve;
(2) weighing the following raw materials by weight: putting 90 parts of oriental wormwood, 90 parts of desmodium, 60 parts of radix curcumae, 12 parts of szechwan chinaberry fruit, 15 parts of rhizoma corydalis, 40 parts of medicated leaven, 40 parts of polygala tenuifolia, 45 parts of semen coicis and 50 parts of common yam rhizome into a mixing tank, and fully mixing for 10-20 minutes until uniform;
(3) mixing the obtained product of (2) with 28 parts of bacillus subtilis (containing viable count of 10)10cfu/g), 20 parts of superoxide dismutase and 18 parts of glucurolactone are fully mixed uniformly to prepare the product.
(4) The feed additive is mixed with feed, 1kg of the feed additive is added into each ton of feed of pigs and chickens, and the addition amount can be increased to 2kg when the mycotoxin pollution condition is serious.
EXAMPLE 5 preparation and use of the feed additive of the invention
(1) All Chinese herbal medicine components in the prescription are respectively subjected to superfine grinding and then sieved by a 300-mesh sieve;
(2) weighing the following raw materials by weight: 100 parts of oriental wormwood, 100 parts of desmodium, 75 parts of radix curcumae, 15 parts of szechwan chinaberry fruit, 20 parts of rhizoma corydalis, 50 parts of medicated leaven, 50 parts of polygala tenuifolia, 50 parts of semen coicis and 60 parts of dioscorea opposite, putting into a mixing tank, and fully mixing for 10-20 minutes until uniform;
(3) mixing the obtained product of (2) with 30 portions of bacillus subtilis (the viable count is 10)10cfu/g), 30 parts of superoxide dismutase and 20 parts of glucurolactone are fully and uniformly mixed to prepare the product.
(4) The feed additive is mixed with feed, 1kg of the feed additive is added into each ton of feed of pigs and chickens, and the addition amount can be increased to 2kg when the mycotoxin pollution condition is serious.
EXAMPLE 6 preparation and use of the feed additive of the invention
(1) All Chinese herbal medicine components in the prescription are respectively subjected to superfine grinding and then sieved by a 300-mesh sieve;
(2) weighing the following raw materials by weight: 50 parts of oriental wormwood, 50 parts of desmodium, 40 parts of radix curcumae, 5 parts of szechwan chinaberry fruit, 5 parts of rhizoma corydalis, 45 parts of medicated leaven, 45 parts of polygala tenuifolia, 50 parts of semen coicis and 60 parts of common yam rhizome, and the components are put into a mixing tank to be fully mixed for 10 to 20 minutes until the components are uniform;
(3) mixing the obtained product of (2) with 25 parts of Bacillus subtilis (containing viable count of 10)10cfu/g), 20 parts of superoxide dismutase and 18 parts of glucurolactone are fully mixed uniformly to prepare the product.
(4) The feed additive is mixed with feed, 1kg of the feed additive is added into each ton of feed of pigs and chickens, and the addition amount can be increased to 2kg when the mycotoxin pollution condition is serious.
EXAMPLE 7 preparation and use of the feed additive of the invention
(1) All Chinese herbal medicine components in the prescription are respectively subjected to superfine grinding and then sieved by a 300-mesh sieve;
(2) weighing the following raw materials by weight: 80 parts of oriental wormwood, 80 parts of desmodium, 75 parts of radix curcumae, 8 parts of szechwan chinaberry fruit, 10 parts of rhizoma corydalis, 40 parts of medicated leaven, 40 parts of polygala tenuifolia, 30 parts of semen coicis and 40 parts of common yam rhizome are put into a mixing tank and are fully mixed for 10-20 minutes until the mixture is uniform;
(3) mixing the obtained product of (2) with 12 parts of Bacillus subtilis (containing viable count of 10)10cfu/g), 10 parts of superoxide dismutase and 8 parts of glucurolactone, and fully mixing uniformly to prepare the product.
(4) The feed additive is mixed with feed, 1kg of the feed additive is added into each ton of feed of pigs and chickens, and the addition amount can be increased to 2kg when the mycotoxin pollution condition is serious.
In order to further verify the practical application effect of the feed additive prepared by the invention, the following test examples are provided to further illustrate the good effect of the feed additive.
Test example 1
1.1A feed additive according to the invention was prepared according to examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
1.2 test animals and methods
The test is carried out in a Hebei Guan experiment base in 2016 and 9 months, 560 healthy Hailan brown laying hens with similar weight are selected and randomly divided into 7 groups, each group is divided into 4 groups, each group is divided into 20 groups, the control group is fed with normal corn daily ration, the negative control group is fed with daily ration which replaces normal corn with 50% mildewed corn, the test group is fed with 1000g/t of the feed additive on the basis of the negative control daily ration, the feed additive group 1 is prepared by adopting the example 1, the feed additive group 2 is prepared by adopting the example 2, the feed additive group 3 is prepared by adopting the example 3, the feed additive group 4 is prepared by adopting the example 4, the feed additive group 5 is prepared by adopting the example 5, the pre-feeding period is 7 days, the test period is 28 days, the conventional feeding management is carried out, the artificial feeding and egg picking are carried out for four times per day, the feeding is carried out by adopting the basic residual feed materials on the next day, the standard of 15:00 eggs are adopted, the natural and artificial feeding is carried out once per day, the light intensity is 20 x, 16 h/d, the feeding temperature in the house is controlled at 18 ~ 23% per day, the relative humidity is controlled at 3640%, the natural humidity is recorded at ~ 60%, and the soft egg-breaking rate is recorded for each time.
The measurement indexes include (1) production performance indexes including laying rate, daily feed consumption, feed-egg ratio and soft shell breaking rate; (2) measuring the quality of the eggs, wherein on the 35 th day of the test, 30 eggs are randomly selected from each group, and the weight of the eggs, the weight of the yolks, the thickness of the eggshells, the strength of the eggshells, the color of the yolks and the Haugh unit are measured by using a full-automatic egg quality instrument; (3) the biochemical indicators of serum include alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels.
2 results and analysis
1 growth Performance
As can be seen from the table, in terms of egg production, the negative control group had significantly reduced egg production after feeding a ration containing mycotoxin, as compared to the blank control group. Compared with a negative control group, the laying rate of each feed additive group is improved to different degrees, and the laying rate is improved by 1.29 percent (P＞0.05）、5.59%（P<0.05）、11.12%（P<0.05）、5.88%（P<0.05) and 0.39%, (P> 0.05), wherein the feeding effect of the feed additive group 3 is most significant; in the aspect of daily feed consumption, the daily feed consumption of the negative control group after being fed with mycotoxin daily ration is obviously improved by 9.29 percent (compared with that of a blank control group)P<0.05). Compared with the negative control group, the daily feed consumption of the laying hens in each feed additive group is obviously reduced, wherein the daily feed consumption of the feed additive group 3 is reduced by 5.63 percent (percent) compared with that of the negative control groupP<0.05), the difference was most significant; in the aspect of feed-egg ratio, the feed-egg ratio of the negative control group is improved by 34.65 percent (after the negative control group is fed with mycotoxin daily ration) compared with that of the control groupP<0.05). Compared with a negative control group, each feed additive group obviously reduces the feed-egg ratio by 11.07% (by)P<0.05）、20.20%（P<0.05）、25.08%（P<0.05），15.31%（P<0.05）、10.75%（P<0.05), wherein the feed additive group 3 has the lowest feed-to-egg ratio; in the aspect of soft shell breaking rate, the soft shell breaking rate of the negative control group is obviously higher than that of the blank control group, and the soft shell breaking rate of each feed additive group is obviously lower than that of each feed additive groupNegative control group, in which the feed additive group 3 was not significantly different from the blank control group.
In conclusion, after the laying hens eat the feed polluted by the mycotoxin, all indexes of the production performance of the laying hens are adversely affected to different degrees, and after the feed additive is added into the feed, the production performance of the laying hens polluted by the mycotoxin is improved to different degrees, wherein the feeding effect of the feed additive group 3 is the best.
2 egg quality
As can be seen from the table, the weight, thickness and color of the yolk of the eggs were significantly reduced after the negative control group was fed the daily ration contaminated with mycotoxins, as compared to the blank control group. Compared with the negative control group, the egg weight, the yolk weight, the eggshell thickness, the eggshell strength, the yolk color and the Haugh unit of each feed additive group are increased, wherein the feeding effect of the feed additive group 3 is the best, and the egg weight is increased by 1.52 percent (the percentage of eggs is increased by 1.52 percent) compared with the negative control groupP<0.01) is increased by 1.45 percent compared with a blank control group (P<0.05); the weight of the yolk is increased by 9.32 percent compared with that of the negative control group (P<0.05), the eggshell thickness of the egg is improved by 13.33 percent compared with the negative control group (P<0.05); the color of the yolk is improved by 12.95 percent compared with that of a negative control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in eggshell strength and Haugh units between groups.
3 biochemical index of serum
Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase are important liver function enzymes, and when liver cells are damaged, the liver cells are released into blood, so that the blood concentration is increased, and the activity is enhanced; alkaline phosphatase is a group of enzymes that hydrolyze in alkaline environmentThe phosphate enzyme has increased blood concentration and activity when liver and gallbladder are damaged. The test result shows that compared with a blank control group, the content of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase of the negative control group is obviously improved, and the liver of the laying hen is damaged to a certain degree after the laying hen eats the feed polluted by mycotoxin. The contents of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in the feed additive group tended to decrease compared with the negative control group, wherein the contents of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in the feed additive group 3 were respectively decreased by 20.88% ((P<0.05）、19.38%（P<0.05) and 11.58%, (P<0.05). In conclusion, the content of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase is reduced to different degrees after the feed additive is added into the daily ration of the laying hens, so that the feed additive degrades a certain amount of mycotoxin and reduces the damage of mycotoxin to livers, and the feeding effect of the feed additive 3 is the best.
The result shows that the feed additive has good effects of improving the liver function of animals, protecting the health of the liver of the animals and reducing the toxicity of mycotoxin to the laying hens when being applied to the daily ration of the laying hens.
Test example 2
1.1 feed additive according to the invention, prepared according to example 3.
1.2 test animals and treatments
The experiment is carried out in a Henan, China cooperative chicken farm of 2017 months, 4 months, 1 day old AA broiler chickens are selected, 150 feathers with uniform weight and basically similar health conditions are selected after 10 days of normal feed brooding, the 150 feathers are randomly divided into 3 groups, each group is divided into 5 feathers, and each group is divided into 10 feathers. The first group is a control group and is fed with basic ration; the second group is a feed mildew group, and the mildew feed is fed, and the contents of vomitoxin (DON) and Zearalenone (ZEN) of the feed mildew group exceed the safety limit of the broiler chickens; the third group is a feed additive group, and 1000g/t of the feed additive is added into the mildewed feed. The basic ration is purchased from a certain feed company, the basic ration is placed in a dark and humid place to be naturally mildewed, 0.15 percent of calcium propionate is added to both a control group and the mildewed feed before feeding to inhibit the growth of the mildew, and a phagostimulant is added to promote the feeding of animals. The DON and ZEN contents of the mildewed feed were measured by ELISA before the actual test and are shown in Table 4.
1.3 Breeding management
The test chickens are all raised in cages and fed and drunk freely, and the henhouse and the hencoop are cleaned thoroughly before the test, fumigated and disinfected. Newcastle disease vaccine was inoculated at day 7 and day 21, and bursa of fabricius vaccine was inoculated at day 28. The test was carried out on the day 10 and the corresponding ration was fed. The breeding period is 38 days.
1.4 measurement index and method
1.4.1 growth Performance index on empty stomach in early morning on days 10, 17, 24, 31 and 38 of the test, the body weight gain and the feed consumption of each stage were recorded in units of repetition, and the Average Daily Gain (ADG), the Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI) and the feed-to-weight ratio (F/G) of each stage were calculated.
1.4.2 serum Biochemical indicators 3 random fasted (free drinking) samples were taken from each replicate on day 38 of the experiment for 12h, collected under the wings, and centrifuged at 4000r/min to obtain serum. And (3) detecting glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (AST), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), Total Protein (TP), Albumin (ALB) and urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum by using a full-automatic biochemical analyzer.
1.4.3 residual toxin content in liver 3 fasting (free drinking water) broiler chickens are randomly extracted from each repetition at the test day 38, jugular vein bloodletting kills, abdominal cavity is quickly opened after normal slaughter, liver is collected, the broiler chickens are placed in a culture dish and cleaned by precooled normal saline, redundant liquid is wiped off by filter paper and homogenized, 5g of homogenized sample is weighed in a 125mL conical flask with a plug, 25mL of 60% methanol aqueous solution and 20mL of normal hexane are accurately added, the plug is added for oscillation for 10min, filtration is carried out, filtrate is collected in a separating funnel, and standing and layering are carried out; after the lower layer methanol water solution is clarified, discharging the methanol water solution into another conical flask. Sucking 10mL of methanol water extract into a 125mL separating funnel, adding 20mL of chloroform, adding a plug, slightly shaking for 3min, and standing for layering. The lower chloroform layer was removed and 10mL was placed in a 20mL evaporation dish and dried in a water bath at 65 ℃ with aeration. After the evaporation and cooling, 5mL of 60% methanol aqueous solution was added accurately, and the condensate in the evaporating dish was dissolved sufficiently. Taking 2mL of filtrate, adding 6mL of 20% methanol aqueous solution, and mixing uniformly to obtain the liver test solution.
Determination of mycotoxin content: DON and ZEN in the liver are both determined by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit according to the method steps of the instruction, and each sample is paralleled for 3 times.
1.5 data processing the experimental data statistical analysis was performed using SPSS18.0, analysis of variance was performed using One-way ANOVA, multiple comparisons between groups were performed using the LSD method, the results were expressed as "mean. + -. standard deviation", and P < 0.05 indicated significant differences.
2 results and analysis
2.1 index of growth Performance
As can be seen from the table, compared with the control group, the average daily weight gain of each growth stage of the feed mildew group is obviously reduced, and the feed-weight ratio is obviously increased, which indicates that the feed mildew obviously reduces the production performance of the broiler chicken. Compared with the feed mildew group, the feed additive group obviously improves the average daily gain of the broilers in each growth stage and obviously reduces the feed weight ratio of the broilers in each growth stage; compared with a control group, the average daily gain of the broiler chickens of 18-24d and 25-31d is remarkably increased by the feed additive group, the average daily gain and the feed weight ratio of the broiler chickens at other stages are not remarkably different, but the average daily gain and the weight of the broiler chickens are increased compared with the average daily gain and the weight of the broiler chickens at the same stage of the control group. The feed additive group completely prevents the reduction of the production performance of the broilers caused by the mildew of the feed and tends to improve the production performance of the broilers.
2.2 immune Performance index
As can be seen from the table, the spleen indexes of the broiler chickens in the feed additive groups at the 24 th day and the 38 th day are respectively 29.84 percent and 24.22 percent higher than those of the broiler chickens in the feed mildew groups, and the differences are obvious; compared with the control group, the ratio of the content of the compound in the composition is respectively 20.15% higher and 16.91% higher than that in the control group, and the difference is not significant but has a trend of increasing. Compared with the control group, spleen indexes of the feed mildew group tend to decrease at 24 days and 38 days, which indicates that the mildew feed has little influence on the development of the spleen of the broiler chicken but has a tendency of deterioration. Compared with a control group, the feed mildew group obviously reduces the bursa of Fabricius index of the broiler, and the mildew feed inhibits the development of the bursa of Fabricius of the broiler. The bursa of Fabricius indexes of the feed additive group at the 24 th day and the 38 th day are both obviously higher than those of the feed mildew group, and the bursa of Fabricius index of the feed additive group at the 38 th day is obviously higher than that of the control group, so that the feed additive group can promote the development of bursa of Fabricius of broilers and relieve the toxicity of the feed mildew on immune organs of the broilers.
2.3 serum Biochemical indicators
As can be seen from the table, the contents of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase in the serum of the broilers of the feed mildew group are highest at day 38 and are respectively 41.15 percent and 11.26 percent higher than those of the control group, and the difference is obvious. After the broiler chicken is fed with the feed additive, the contents of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase in broiler chicken serum are both obviously reduced, and are respectively reduced by 9.33 percent and 7.80 percent compared with a control group, and the difference is obvious. The results show that the feed mildew can cause certain damage to the liver of the broiler chicken, and after the feed additive is used, the contents of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase in the serum of the broiler chicken are both remarkably reduced, so that the feed additive can degrade a certain amount of mycotoxin, reduce the damage of mycotoxin to the liver and has the effect of protecting the liver.
Compared with the control group, the contents of the total protein and the albumin in the blood serum of the broiler chicken of the feed mildew group are reduced, and the contents of the total protein and the albumin in the blood serum of the broiler chicken of the feed additive group are increased. The total protein content and the albumin content in the blood serum of the broiler chicken in the feed additive group are respectively 15.33 percent and 15.67 percent higher than those in the feed mildew group, and the difference is obvious. The method has the advantages that the protein metabolism in the broiler chickens is influenced after the broiler chickens eat the mildewed feed, the mycotoxin content in the broiler chickens is reduced to a certain extent after the feed additive is used, the protein metabolism level in the broiler chickens is improved, and the effect of the feed additive on the liver is indirectly shown.
On the 38 th day, the urea nitrogen content in the serum of the broiler chicken in the feed mildew group is highest and is respectively 3.49 percent higher and 7.23 percent higher than that of the control group and the feed additive group, and the difference is obvious, which shows that the mildew feed reduces the utilization rate of the protein in the broiler chicken. The urea nitrogen in the feed additive group tended to decrease, but the difference was not significant, compared to the control group.
The results show that the feed additive has the effects of protecting liver and kidney and removing mildew when being applied to the broiler feed.
Example 3
The experiment is carried out in a certain pig farm of Hebei Shijiazhuang in 2017 in 8-9 months, the piglet weaning mode is adopted in the factory without considering individual difference, a plurality of piglets generate serious stress response due to the fact that the piglets are difficult to adapt to environment and the like for a while, the weight gain is further influenced, the weight of the piglets is greatly different, the piglets with small weight become the cad pigs, the feed additive is added into the daily ration for the cad pigs in the experiment, the embodiment 2 is adopted for preparation, and the influence of the feed additive on the liver and kidney functions and the immunity of the cad pigs is researched by measuring serum biochemical indexes after the experiment is finished.
The results of the tests are given in the following table:
as can be seen from the table, compared with the control group and the feed additive I group, the activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in the serum of the nursery pigs fed with the feed additive are all reduced by 24.59 percent (respectively) compared with the control groupP＞0.05）、50.40%（P<0.05) and 14.35%, (P> 0.05); respectively reduced by 11.06 percent compared with the feed additive I groupP＞0.05）、34.90%（P<0.05) and 7.47%, (P> 0.05). The content of urea nitrogen in the serum of the piglet in the test group is respectively compared with that in the control group and the feed additive I groupThe content is reduced by 19.83%, (P<0.01) and 14.67%, (P<0.05). The test result shows that the activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in serum of the nursery pig are reduced to different degrees by adding the feed additive into the daily ration of the nursery pig, which shows that the feed additive effectively relieves the liver injury of the nursery pig.
As can be seen from the table, compared with the control group, the addition of the feed additive and the positive control feed additive I into the piglet diet can improve the total protein and albumin content in the piglet serum, wherein the feeding effect of the feed additive is more obvious, and the albumin content in the piglet serum of the test group is improved by 50.27 percent (compared with the control group)P<0.05); the globulin content in the serum of the piglet of the test group and the piglet of the feed additive I tends to be improved. The increase of the content of the total protein and the albumin in the serum indicates that the absorption and utilization rate of the organism to amino acid and protein is improved, the anabolism of the protein in the liver is enhanced, and the test result indicates that the feed additive improves the metabolism level of the nursery pig to the protein and enhances the production performance and the immunity performance of piglets to a certain extent.
Test example 4
1.1 feed additive according to the invention, prepared according to example 3.
1.2 test animals and diets
120 healthy weaned piglets of 28-day old and grown are selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, each group has 4 repetitions, and each repetition has 10 repetitions.
The group was divided into a healthy control group, a feed mildew group and a feed additive group. The healthy control group is fed with basic diet, 50% of naturally mildewed corn and naturally mildewed corn protein powder are used for the feed mildewed group to replace 50% of corn and corn protein powder in the basic diet, the vomitoxin content is 2.81mg/kg, the zearalenone content is 0.89 mg/kg, and the safety limit of piglets is exceeded; the third group is a feed additive group, and 1000g/t of the feed additive is added into the mildewed feed. The pre-test period is 7 days, and the normal test period is 28 days. All the experimental diets were prepared at one time before the experiment and stored in dry and cool places. The feeding test is carried out in the West Hunan experiment base. The experimental piglets are fed by group feeding for 3 times (8: 0012: 0016: 00) every day, and the piglets are fed with free food and drinking water. Feeding and immunization were performed according to conventional procedures.
1.3 sample Collection and processing
Before the early feeding on the day of the test, 3 piglets are repeatedly selected to take the blood of the fasting anterior vena cava, about 5mL of the blood taken by each piglet is put in a vacuum coagulation promoting tube, the piglet is kept still for 10min and then centrifuged for 10min at 3000r/min, serum is separated in a 1.5mLEP tube and is frozen and stored at the temperature of minus 20 ℃, and the activity and the antioxidant index of the serum enzyme to be tested are determined. And (3) bleeding the blood-sampled piglet after one end is killed by electric shock, rapidly splitting the abdominal cavity, collecting liver tissues at the same position on the inner side of the right lobe of the liver, selecting about 1cm multiplied by 0.5cm, putting the liver tissues into a 1.8mL freezing tube, immediately putting the freezing tube into liquid nitrogen, and then transferring the freezing tube into a refrigerator at the temperature of-80 ℃ for freezing, wherein the oxidation resistance index of the liver to be detected. Finally, the whole liver was isolated and weighed, and the relative weight of the liver was calculated. Liver weight (g/kg) liver weight (g)/live body weight (kg)
1.4 measurement indexes and methods
1.4.1 measurement of growth Performance indicators
At the beginning and end of the trial, the weight was taken on an empty stomach 8:00 in the morning, the weight data was recorded and the average daily gain was calculated.
And recording the feeding amount, the residual feed amount and the loss amount of each column, and calculating the average daily feed intake of the piglets.
The feed weight ratio (F/G) was calculated from the Average Daily Gain (ADG) and the Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI).
Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI) = total feed intake of each replicate group/total number of feeding heads of each replicate group/number of test days;
average Daily Gain (ADG) = (body weight at end of test per pig per replicate group-initial body weight at test)/number of days of test;
feed-to-weight ratio (F/G) = average daily feed intake per pig per replicate group/average daily gain per pig per replicate group.
Determination of diarrhea rate: the feces of the piglets are regularly observed every morning during the test period. The standard for diarrhea in piglets is that the feces are unshaped and there is a significant adhesion of dry or loose feces visible at the anus. The total diarrhea number per day of each repeated piglet is recorded, and the diarrhea rate is calculated.
Diarrhea rate (%) = [ number of total diarrhea times (head)/(number of piglet heads × number of test days) ] × 100%.
1.4.2 measurement of serum Biochemical indicators
The activity of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (AST) in serum is determined by a Cobus-Mira-Plus full-automatic biochemical analyzer, the activity of liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) are determined by a 752-type ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer, and the specific steps are determined according to the instruction of a kit produced by Nanjing institute of bioengineering.
1.4.3 data processing the experimental data statistical analysis was performed using SPSS18.0, analysis of variance was performed using One-way ANOVA, multiple comparisons between groups were performed using the LSD method, the results are expressed as "mean. + -. standard deviation", and P < 0.05 indicates significant differences.
2 results and analysis
2.1 growth Performance
As can be seen from the table, compared with the control group, the weight of the piglet powder of the feed mildew group is remarkably reduced, the weight of the piglet powder of the feed additive group is remarkably increased by 39.24% compared with the weight of the piglet powder of the feed mildew group, and is remarkably increased by 11.91% compared with the control group, so that the feed additive added into the daily ration can effectively relieve the toxicity of mycotoxin to piglets and remarkably increase the weight of the piglets. Compared with a control group, the average daily gain and the average daily feed intake of the feed mildew group are both obviously reduced; the average daily gain and the average daily feed intake of the piglets of the feed additive group are respectively improved by 24.23 percent and 17.51 percent compared with the average daily feed intake of the piglets of the feed mildew group, and the difference is obvious. Compared with a control group, the feed additive group obviously reduces the feed-weight ratio and the diarrhea rate of piglets, and the diarrhea rate of piglets in the feed mildew group is obviously improved. In conclusion, the feed mildew obviously reduces the production performance of piglets, the addition of the feed additive in the mildewed daily ration can effectively relieve the toxicity of mycotoxin to piglets, prevent the reduction of the production performance of piglets caused by the feed mildew, and has the tendency of improving the production performance of piglets.
2.2 Oxidation resistance index
As can be seen from the table, compared with the control group, the activities of GSH-Px and T-SOD in the serum and liver of the weaned pigs fed with daily ration polluted by mycotoxin are both obviously reduced, and the MDA content is obviously increased, which indicates that the oxidation resistance of the piglets is reduced due to the mildewed feed; the addition of the feed additive in daily ration obviously improves the activity of GSH-Px in the serum and liver of piglets and the activity of T-SOD in the liver. The activity of GSH-Px in serum and liver of the feed additive group is respectively improved by 32.91% and 60.31% compared with that of the feed mildew group, and the difference is very obvious; the activity of the T-SOD in the serum and the liver of the feed additive group is respectively improved by 29.83 percent and 61.44 percent compared with the activity of the feed mildew group, the difference is obvious, the MDA content in the serum and the liver of the feed additive group is respectively reduced by 41.54 percent and 33.26 percent compared with the feed mildew group, and the difference is obvious, so the feed additive can obviously improve the activity of two antioxidant enzymes in the piglet body and greatly relieve the oxidative damage of the piglet body.
As can be seen from the table, compared with the control group, the activities of AST, ALT and ALP in the serum of weaned piglets fed with daily ration polluted by mycotoxin are obviously increased, and the relative weight of the liver is obviously reduced; the feed additive is added into daily ration, so that the activity of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase in serum of weaned piglets is remarkably reduced, and the glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase have no remarkable difference. The relative weight of the piglet liver in the feed additive group is obviously improved by 22.04 percent compared with that in the control group, and is obviously improved by 38.73 percent compared with that in the feed mildew group. The comprehensive results show that the feed additive is applied to weaned pig feed to play the effects of protecting liver and kidney and removing mildew, and can relieve the damage of liver and kidney functions of piglets polluted by mycotoxin to a certain extent.
The technical means disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the embodiments, but also include technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A feed additive for protecting liver, kidney and removing mildew for livestock and poultry comprises four parts of a Chinese herbal medicine composition, probiotics, an enzyme preparation and an immunopotentiator, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine composition comprises oriental wormwood, desmodium, radix curcumae, szechwan chinaberry fruit, rhizoma corydalis, medicated leaven, polygala tenuifolia, coix seed and Chinese yam, the probiotics is bacillus subtilis, and the biological enzyme is superoxide dismutase and the immunopotentiator glucurolactone.
2. The feed additive of claim 1, wherein: comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of oriental wormwood, 50-100 parts of desmodium, 40-75 parts of radix curcumae, 5-15 parts of szechwan chinaberry fruit, 5-20 parts of rhizoma corydalis, 20-50 parts of medicated leaven, 20-50 parts of polygala tenuifolia, 25-50 parts of semen coicis, 30-60 parts of common yam rhizome and 10-30 parts of bacillus subtilis (containing 10 viable count)10cfu/g), 10-30 parts of superoxide dismutase and 5-20 parts of glucurolactone.
3. The feed additive of claim 2, wherein: the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of oriental wormwood, 60-90 parts of desmodium, 45-60 parts of radix curcumae, 6-12 parts of szechwan chinaberry fruit, 8-15 parts of rhizoma corydalis, 30-40 parts of medicated leaven, 25-40 parts of polygala tenuifolia, 30-45 parts of semen coicis, 40-50 parts of common yam rhizome and 12-28 parts of bacillus subtilis (containing 10 viable count)10cfu/g), 15-20 parts of superoxide dismutase and 10-18 parts of glucurolactone.
4. The feed additive of claim 3, wherein: the following components are preferably mixed according to the proportion: 75 parts of oriental wormwood, 75 parts of desmodium, 50 parts of radix curcumae, 7 parts of szechwan chinaberry fruit, 10 parts of rhizoma corydalis, 35 parts of medicated leaven, 30 parts of polygala tenuifolia, 40 parts of coix seed, 45 parts of common yam rhizome, dried cake20 portions of grass bacillus (the number of viable bacteria is 10)10cfu/g), 18 parts of superoxide dismutase and 15 parts of glucurolactone.
5. A process for preparing a feed additive for protecting liver and kidney and removing mildew as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, which comprises the following steps:
(1) all Chinese herbal medicine components in the prescription are respectively subjected to superfine grinding and then sieved by a 300-mesh sieve;
(2) weighing herba Artemisiae Scopariae, herba Lysimachiae Christinae, radix Curcumae, fructus Toosendan, rhizoma corydalis, Massa Medicata Fermentata, cortex et radix Polygalae, Coicis semen and rhizoma Dioscoreae according to weight ratio, placing into a mixing tank, and mixing thoroughly for 10-20 min to even;
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the substance obtained in the step (2) with bacillus subtilis, superoxide dismutase and glucurolactone according to the weight ratio to obtain the product.
6. The feed additive of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the particle size of the Chinese herbal medicine composition is below 50 μm.
7. Use of a feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in the manufacture of a liver-protecting kidney-protecting mould-removing feed additive.
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