CN110679464B

CN110679464B - Method for effectively harvesting seaweed fruits of red fiber shrimps in field

Info

Publication number: CN110679464B
Application number: CN201811443822.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郑凤英; 刘雪芹; 金艳梅
Original assignee: Shandong University
Current assignee: Shandong University
Priority date: 2018-11-29
Filing date: 2018-11-29
Publication date: 2021-05-04
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-29
Also published as: CN110679464A

Abstract

The invention relates to a field effective harvesting method of red fiber shrimp seaweed fruits, which is characterized in that on the basis of accurately positioning the position of a male plant patch in a population in a full-bloom period, female spatulas with the fruit size of more than 2mm and the width of more than 3.5mm are collected in an effective pollination radius circle (20m) of female flowers around the male plant patch, placed in a 40-mesh net bag and hung in seawater on site for 15 days until the female spatulas are completely ripe and then taken back. Under the conditions of light, temperature and the like of a natural sea area, the male plants are used for positioning and limiting the water area for picking fruits and the size of the picked fruits, so that the high harvest rate of the red fiber shrimp seaweed fruits under the conditions of low cost and low labor intensity is achieved.

Description

Method for effectively harvesting seaweed fruits of red fiber shrimps in field

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of harvesting of seaweed fruits, and relates to a field harvesting method of red fiber shrimp seaweed fruits.

Background

Red fiber shrimp seaweed (Phyllospaadix iwastonisis) is a marine seed plant, belongs to Zosteraceae (Zosteraceae) and Phyllospaadix (Phyllospaadix), is a stone-like material widely distributed in Shandong, Hebei and Liaoning of China, and is an advantageous species of rock coastal seaweed bed. Compared with zostera marina (Zosteramarina), the zostera marina has narrow leaves and higher fiber content, so the leaves are the preferred seaweed leaves in the construction of the traditional characteristic folk houses 'seaweed houses' in Jiaodong. However, due to offshore eutrophication and the like, the population thereof is rapidly declining in coastal areas of China in nearly two decades. Therefore, protection and recovery studies on its population are urgently needed.

Red fiber shrimp seaweeds in Shandong, Hebei and Liaoning sea areas generally bloom in 4 months and enter the mature period of fruits in 5-6 months. Unlike Zostera marina, red fiber shrimp seaweeds are heterogynic plants, and the heterogynic plants can be distinguished only in the flowering period by the different morphological characteristics of male and female flowers in the inflorescence. The inflorescence of the scion on of the male and female plants grows in the spathe, 8-9 male flowers alternate on the cob, and 8-12 female flowers are attached to the cob at an oblique angle of 45 degrees. The small nuts are flat, horseshoe-shaped, 2-4 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, have short beaks and middle ridges, each side is provided with a 1-axis dorsal groove, and extremely-curved seta is arranged from the middle to the side, so that the fruits can fall off from the residual rachis after being ripe.

The red fiber shrimp and seaweed are distributed in rock low-lying positions from intertidal zone to low-tide zone and distributed in a patch shape, and a small amount of seawater is still accumulated in the distributed low-lying positions after the tide is removed, so that the dry exposure of the red fiber shrimp and seaweed is ensured. The number of male plants in the population is obviously less than that of female plants, and about 10000m is respectively investigated in 2013 in Shandong Rongcheng Shantou, Rongcheng Broussonetia Papyrifera island and Weihai Shuangdao bay²、50000m²And 50000m²The red fiber shrimp seaweed population has the male plant plaques of only 3The number of female plant plaques is 6-11 times that of male plants, the female plant plaques are limited by the low rock positions of the female plants, and the area of the plaques is between 30 and 100cm in radius. Therefore, although the number of female plants is large and the number of generated female flowers is large, the result rate is low, and our investigation shows that the maturing rate of female flowers in spathes is even less than 10% in female plant patches far away from male plants. Therefore, although the harvest of the spathe is easy, the efficiency of fruit harvest is greatly reduced due to the low fruiting rate, which is an important reason for few related researches on germination, physiology and the like of red fiber shrimp seaweed fruits (seeds). Moreover, the flower branches are not branched, each flower branch only has one spathe, and the spathes of different plants in the same population grow and develop synchronously, so that the fruit picking time is short.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a low-cost, simple-operation and effective harvesting method for red fiber shrimp seaweed fruits, which is characterized by comprising the steps of accurately positioning the position of a male plant patch in a population, collecting female spatulas in an effective pollination radius circle of female flowers around the male plant patch, placing the female spatulas in a net bag, hanging the net bag in sea water on site, taking back the net bag after 15 days, and enabling mature fruits to fall into the net bag.

Further, the method for determining the position of the male plant plaque comprises the following steps: in the full-bloom period of the red fiber shrimp seaweed, the red fiber shrimp seaweed is screened in the population at the time of high tide and low tide, male plant plaques in the population are distinguished according to different morphological characteristics of male flowers and female flowers, and the positions of the male plants are accurately positioned by using a GPS (global positioning system) and marked on site.

Further, the effective pollination radius of the female flowers is 20m outside the male plant patch.

Furthermore, the mesh of the net bag is 40 meshes.

Further, the size of the fruits growing in the female spathe during collection is as follows: the length is more than 2mm, and the width is more than 3.5 mm.

The invention has the technical effects that: since the proportion of male plants in the population is extremely low in the heterogynic plants of the red fiber shrimp seaweed, the fruiting rate of female flowers in the population is low, and the fruit collection efficiency in the field is low. The technology is based on the accurate positioning of the wild male plant plaques, so that the fruit picking area is limited, and the high efficiency of fruit picking is ensured; the size of the picked fruit is limited, and the fruit can be fully post-ripened in the seawater separated from the parent plant; the collecting net bag is simple to manufacture and low in cost; the seawater environment of the growth sea area of the spathe is fully utilized, and the fruit on the spathe can be effectively ensured to continuously finish the ripening process within 15 days in the net bag. Therefore, under the conditions of light, temperature and the like of a natural sea area, the male plants are used for positioning and limiting the fruit picking area and the fruit picking size, so that the high harvest rate of the red fiber shrimp seaweed fruits under the conditions of low cost and low labor intensity is achieved.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

Example 1:

(1) determination of male plant position: 4 months in 2013 (full bloom period of red fiber shrimp seaweed), the population of red fiber shrimp seaweed in the double-island bay of Weihai city in Shandong was investigated in the heavy tide, and the population was 30000m according to the different morphological characteristics of male and female flowers²Distinguishing 4 male plant plaques in the population, accurately positioning the positions of the male plant plaques by using a GPS (global positioning system), and marking the positions of the male plant plaques on site by using a red colored tape, wherein the mutual linear distances of the male plant plaques and the red colored tape exceed 50m through GPS positioning display;

(2) determining the effective pollination radius of female flowers: measuring the areas of the 4 male plant plaques, and counting the number of the male flower spatulas by a sample method (shown in table 1), wherein the table 1 shows that the density of the spatulas is in direct proportion to the density of the male plants, the number of the spatulas is influenced by the area of the plaques and the density of the spatulas, and the larger the area of the plaques is, the more the number of the spatulas in the plaques is; in the 5 th month in 2013, at the outer edge of a male plant patch, taking 1m, 5m, 10m, 20m, 40m and 80m as radiuses, randomly selecting 100 female plants of spats on each radius circle, and counting the result rate (table 2), wherein the table 2 shows that regardless of the area size of the male plant patch, the more distant female plants have the smaller result percentage (fruit number/ovary number) per spat, but in the same distance circle, the larger the male plant patch is, the larger the result percentage per spat is, the more the result percentage per spat is, all patches are sharply reduced outside 20m, so that the effective pollen-receiving radius of the female flowers is divided into the distance of 20m from the male plant patch;

TABLE 1 Male plaque characteristics

TABLE 22013 percentage of results per spat (%)

Distance from male plant	Male plaque 1	Male plant plaque 2	Male plant plaque 3	Male plant plaque 4
					1m	50.0	59.4	71.3	85.1
5m	41.7	49.8	63.3	68.8
					10m	20.6	40.6	42.1	43.5
20m	16.7	29.2	37.6	34.4
					40m	6.2	12.6	16.7	19.9
100m	2.3	8.9	13.5	13.6

(3) Fruit collection and verification in 2014: when the size of horseshoe-shaped fruits reaches more than 2mm in length and more than 3.5mm in 2014, 300 spatulas of red fiber shrimp seaweeds are randomly collected within the radius circle of 1m, 5m, 10m and 20m of the 4 male plant plaques located in 2013, wherein 100 spatulas are used for counting the result rate, and the other 200 spatulas are placed in a 40-mesh net bag and hung in seawater on site. The statistical result shows that the result rate of each Buddhist bract of the female plants on circles with the same radius of each male plant plaque in 2013 and 2014 is similar (table 3), which indicates that the effective pollination distance of 20m is reliable; taking back 15 days later on the big tide day, counting the real number of mature fruits indoors, wherein the real number is 768 fruits, the average number is 4.34 fruits/spat, and the fruit maturity (the number of mature fruits/the average number of ovaries in each spat) is 43.3% on average;

table 32014 percent results per spathe (%)

Distance from male plant	Male plaque 1	Male plant plaque 2	Male plant plaque 3	Male plant plaque 4
					1m	46.7	60.7	73.9	82.6
5m	37.2	53.4	66.1	70.5
					10m	20.7	43.9	45.5	53.6
20m	16.1	32.4	33.2	37.9
					40m	4.2	14.7	17.3	18.2
100m	0.3	10.5	10.8	11.8

(4) Determination of female spathe density: in 2013, 2014 and 2018, the density of female spathes in the flowering phase of the Weihai double-island bay sea area is measured, the difference is not significant in three years, and in 360-year 550 pieces/m²The density of the red fiber shrimp seaweed is equal to that of the male spathe, so that the method can ensure a larger collection amount of the red fiber shrimp seaweed fruits.

Comparative example 1:

(1) determination of male plant position: same as step (1) in example 1;

(2) determining the effective pollination radius of female flowers: the same procedure as in step (2) of example 1;

(3) fruit collection and verification in 2014: when the size of horseshoe-shaped fruits reaches more than 1.5mm in length and more than 2mm in width in 2014, 200 spatulas of red fiber shrimp seaweeds are randomly collected within 1m, 5m, 10m and 20m radius circles of 4 male plant plaques positioned in 2013 and placed in a 40-mesh net bag and hung in seawater on site. The fruits are taken back after 15 days in the big tide day, the number of mature fruits is counted indoors and is 256, the average number of mature fruits is 1.28 per spat, and the fruit maturity (the number of mature fruits per the average number of ovaries in each spat) is 12.7 percent on average.

Comparative example 2:

(1) determination of male plant position: same as step (1) in example 1;

(3) fruit collection and verification in 2014: when the size of horseshoe-shaped fruits reaches more than 1.5mm in length and more than 2mm in width in 2014, 200 spatulas of red fiber shrimp seaweeds are randomly collected within 1m, 5m, 10m and 20m radius circles of 4 male plant plaques positioned in 2013 and placed in a 40-mesh net bag and hung in seawater on site. After 30 days, the fruits are taken back in the big tide day, the number of mature fruits is counted indoors and is 323, the average number of mature fruits is 1.61 per spat, and the fruit maturity (the number of mature fruits per the average number of ovaries in each spat) is 16.1 percent on average.

Claims

1. A field effective harvesting method of red fiber shrimp seaweed fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) determination of male plant position: in the full-bloom period of the red fiber shrimp seaweed, the red fiber shrimp seaweed is subjected to investigation in the population at the time of high tide and low tide, male plant plaques in the population are distinguished according to different morphological characteristics of male flowers and female flowers, and the positions of the male plants are accurately positioned by using a GPS (global positioning system) and marked on site;

2) fruit collection: when the size of the horseshoe-shaped fruits of the red fiber shrimp seaweeds reaches more than 2mm in length and more than 3.5mm in width, collecting the female spatulas of the red fiber shrimp seaweeds within the effective pollination radius range of the female flowers around the male plant patch, placing the collected female spatulas in a 40-mesh net bag, hanging the collected female spatulas in seawater on site, and taking the collected female spatulas back after 15 days;

the effective pollination radius is 20m outside the male plant patch.