CN110670376A - 一种无溶剂三防合成革及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种无溶剂三防合成革及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN110670376A
CN110670376A CN201910952340.7A CN201910952340A CN110670376A CN 110670376 A CN110670376 A CN 110670376A CN 201910952340 A CN201910952340 A CN 201910952340A CN 110670376 A CN110670376 A CN 110670376A
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范浩军
文嘉婷
向均
陈意
颜俊
孙哲
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种无溶剂三防合成革及其制造方法,其特征是将羟基或胺基封端的无溶剂含氟聚氨酯预聚体、无溶剂交联剂及助剂组成的混合浆料涂覆于离型纸上,热固化成膜,然后再涂刮热熔胶粘合剂,与合成革基布热压贴合,经进一步热烘固化,或再经真空吸纹、辊压压纹、表面处理,制得无溶剂三防合成革产品。本发明将不含任何溶剂的含氟聚氨酯浆料经热固化形成合成革涂层,赋予了合成革三防效果,可满足汽车革、箱包革、墙纸革等客户对合成革防水、防油、防污的要求,并且产品不含VOCs,极大的提升了合成革的生态等级和国际市场竞争力。

Description

一种无溶剂三防合成革及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明属于合成革制造领域,具体涉及一种无溶剂三防合成革及其制造方法。
背景技术
我国是合成革制造和消费大国。2014年,我国合成革产量占世界73%,年产量70余亿平米。合成革制造业已成为我国轻工行业的支柱产业之一。
近几年,随着人们生活水平和环保意识的不断提高,消费者对于高性能、高品质、高环保的生态合成革的需求持续上升,仅国内市场对高档生态合成革的需求量已达2亿平米/年。此外欧美市场对合成革的生态性也提出了新要求,特别是沙发革、家装内饰革、汽车内饰革等高档产品要求零甲醛、零重金属残留,同时挥发性有机溶剂含量(VOC含量) 不大于5 mg/Kg (革)。因而,合成革行业的绿色制造势在必行。另外随着人们对高性能、高品质合成革的需求持续上升,单一性能的合成革产品已经不能满足消费者的需求。近年来,具有良好疏水、防污功能性合成革制品备受消费者青睐,在汽车革、沙发革、墙纸革、箱包革等应用领域有着广阔的市场前景。
但目前国内合成革的合成革制造均采用溶剂型聚氨酯,包括溶剂型表处树脂、溶剂型面层树脂和溶剂型粘接胶,年需求量达200万吨/年。而这些树脂都含有大量的二甲基甲酰胺、甲苯和丁酮等有机溶剂。有机溶剂易燃易爆、毒性大、气味大、危害劳动者身心健康。再者,DMF在成品革中的残留问题将威胁消费者的健康,已被限制进入欧美市场。由此可见,基于传统溶剂型树脂的合成革制造方法已无法满足国内外市场的要求。
为了提高合成革的疏水防污性,国内外进行了大量的相关研究。中国专利公开号CN108103797 A公开了一种柔软拒水性的超细纤维合成革及其制备方法,将超细纤维合成革在柔软处理剂种进行浸轧,随后对超细纤维合成革表面印刷疏油疏水的水性乳液。但其疏水疏油组分仅通过物理方式印刷在合成革表面,在使用过程中疏水疏油组分易迁移析出,导致疏水疏油效果下降,耐用性不足。
中国专利公开号CN206015389 U报道了一种防水防油雾面爽滑合成革,具体地将溶剂型PU层与基材粘合形成层状复合的干法合成革,在层状复合的干法合成革上通过涂覆方式形成羊巴面层,并在其上设置防水防油层。但该方法以溶剂型聚氨酯为粘合层,通过喷涂疏水疏油型表面处理剂来达到防水效果,在制备过程中不仅存在有机溶剂的使用和挥发,疏水疏油表面处理剂仅通过物理作用附着在合成革表面,导致防水防油效果的不稳定。
发明内容
针对现有技术不足,本发明提供了一种无溶剂三防合成革及其制造方法。将羟基或胺基封端的无溶剂含氟聚氨酯预聚体、无溶剂交联剂及助剂组成的混合浆料涂覆于离型纸上,热固化成膜,然后再涂刮热熔胶粘合剂,与合成革基布热压贴合,经进一步热烘固化,再经真空吸纹或辊压压纹,制得无溶剂三防合成革产品。本发明将不含任何溶剂的含氟聚氨酯浆料经热固化形成合成革涂层,解决了物理共混体系中含氟组分与聚氨酯相容性性差、不耐迁移的技术缺陷,赋予了合成革持久的三防效果,可满足汽车革、箱包革、墙纸革等客户对合成革防水、防油、防污的要求。并且其制备工艺新颖,采用无溶剂聚氨酯代替传统的溶剂型聚氨酯,不使用任何有机溶剂,合成革不含任何VOCs,从源头消除有机溶剂污染,具有突出的绿色、环保、健康、安全等特性,大大提高了合成革的生态等级和国际市场竞争力。
本发明提供的一种无溶剂三防合成革及其制造方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)含氟二异氰酸酯的制备
将HDI三聚体与氟醇按摩尔比1:1加入带氮气保护和搅拌装置的反应瓶中,控温45~75℃反应,3~6 h 后测定—NCO% 含量,当其为初始—NCO%含量的65-70%后停止反应,制得含氟侧链的双官能团二异氰酸酯;
(2)羟基或胺基封端的无溶剂含氟聚氨酯预聚体的制备,所用物料份数均为重量份数
将经脱水处理的聚酯或聚醚二元醇65~75份加入反应瓶中,再依次加入二异氰酸酯15~18份,步骤(1)所制备的含氟二异氰酸酯7~15份,有机铋催化剂0.01~0.1份,升温至75~85℃,反应2 h后加入小分子扩链剂3~4份,55~85 ℃继续反应1~2 h后,控制体系—NCO和—OH或—NH2摩尔比在1:2,获得羟基或胺基封端的聚氨酯预聚体,密封备用;
(3)无溶剂涂层浆料的制备,所用物料份数均为重量份数
将步骤(2)制备的含羟基或胺基封端的无溶剂含氟聚氨酯预聚体100份、交联剂8~15份、色粉1~4份、流平剂0.3~1.0份、填料5~10份常温下混合均匀,备用;
(4)无溶剂三防合成革的制造
将步骤(3)制备的无溶剂涂层浆料涂覆于离型纸上,涂膜厚度控制在0.8~1.0 mm,然后进入90~130 ℃烘箱熟化,烘箱长度60~80 m,固化温度一区90~100 ℃,二区100~110 ℃,三区110~130 ℃,车速8~10 m/min,熟化后再涂覆聚氨酯热溶胶,与基材热压贴合,进入90~130℃烘箱熟化1~2 min,冷却,纸革分离,革坯再经吸纹或压纹、揉革等工艺处理,制得具有防水、防油、防污功能的无溶剂三防合成革。
所述氟醇为C6-14的一元氟醇,优选六氟异丙醇、八氟戊醇、或全氟辛醇中的任一种或其组合。
所述聚酯或聚醚二元醇为常温下呈液态、相对分子质量在1000~2000的聚己二酸-1,3-丁二醇酯二醇、聚丙二醇、聚乙二醇、聚碳酸亚乙酯二醇、聚碳酸亚丙酯二醇中的任一种或其组合。
所述二异氰酸酯为常温呈液态的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的任一种或其组合。
所述小分子扩链剂为常温呈液态的1,4-丁二醇、1,3-丙二醇、乙二醇或乙二胺中的任一种或其组合。
所述交联剂为不含溶剂的液态六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体、氮丙啶和碳化二亚胺中的任一种或其组合。
所述合成革基材为机织布、无纺布、超纤布中的任一种。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下积极效果:
(1)发明了新型含氟二异氰酸酯,其疏水防污组分以共价键与聚氨酯大分子连接,解决了物理共混体系中含氟组分与聚氨酯相容性差、不耐迁移的技术缺陷,所制备的合成革具有持久的疏水防污特性;
(2)疏水防污组分以侧链形式悬挂于聚氨酯大分子上,涂膜干燥后含氟侧链定向排列形成疏水防污膜,因而具有良好的疏水防污特性;
(3)采用无溶剂聚氨酯代替传统的溶剂型聚氨酯,由于不使用任何有机溶剂,合成革不含任何VOCs,从源头消除有机溶剂污染和安全隐患,符合合成革低碳、绿色、环保的可持续发展趋势,所制备的合成革的生态等级、成品档次和市场竞争力大幅提高。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体描述,有必要在此指出的是以下实施例只是用于对本发明进行进一步的说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,该领域的技术熟练人员可以根据上述本发明的内容做出一些非本质的改进和调整,仍属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1 :无溶剂三防沙发革的制造
(1)含氟二异氰酸酯的制备
将HDI三聚体与六氟异丙醇按摩尔比1:1计量加入带氮气保护和搅拌装置的反应瓶中,控温45℃反应, 6 h 后测定—NCO% 含量,当其为初始—NCO%含量的65%后停止反应获得含氟侧链的双官能团二异氰酸酯;
(2)羟基封端的无溶剂含氟聚氨酯预聚体的制备
以重量份计,将经脱水处理的分子量为2000的聚己二酸-1,3-丁二醇酯二醇65份加入反应瓶中,再依次加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯15份,步骤(1)制备的含氟异氰酸酯7份,有机铋催化剂0.03份,升温至85 ℃,反应2 h后加入小分子扩链剂1,4-丁二醇3份,85 ℃继续反应2 h后,控制体系—NCO和—OH摩尔比在1:2,获得羟基封端的聚氨酯预聚体,密封备用;
(3)无溶剂聚氨酯浆料制备
以重量计,将步骤(2)中制备的羟基封端的无溶剂含氟聚氨酯100份、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体15份、色粉1份、填料10份、流平剂0.3份常温下混合均匀;
(4)无溶剂三防合成革的制造
将步骤(3)中制备的无溶剂涂层浆料涂覆于离型纸上,涂膜厚度控制在1.0 mm,然后进入烘箱熟化,烘箱长度80 m,固化温度一区100 ℃,二区110 ℃,三区130 ℃,车速10 m/min,熟化后再涂覆聚氨酯热溶胶,与超纤布热压贴合,进入130℃烘箱熟化2 min,冷却,纸革分离,再经真空吸纹、揉革工艺制得具有防水、防油、防污功能的无溶剂三防合成革。
与普通无溶剂聚氨酯合成革相比,采用本专利技术制造的无溶剂三防合成革具有优异的防水性,水接触角从65°提高至120°,二碘甲烷接触角由40°提高至82°,同时具有良好的防涂鸦性能,如中性笔在涂层上书写的笔迹可用沾水棉布擦洗去除。
实施例2:无溶剂三防服装革的制造
(1)含氟二异氰酸酯的制备
将HDI三聚体与八氟戊醇按摩尔比1:1计量加入带氮气保护和搅拌装置的反应瓶中,控温75℃反应, 3 h 后测定-NCO% 含量,当其为初始—NCO%含量的67%后停止反应获得获得含氟侧链的双官能团二异氰酸酯;
(2)氨基封端的无溶剂含氟聚氨酯预聚体的制备
以重量份计,将经脱水处理的数均分子量2000的聚丙二醇50份、数均分子量2000聚碳酸亚丙酯二醇15份、数均分子量2000的聚乙二醇10份加入反应瓶中,再依次加入4,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯28份,步骤(1)制备的含氟异氰酸酯15份,有机铋催化剂0.1份,升温至85℃,反应2 h后加入小分子扩链剂乙二胺4份,55℃继续反应1 h后,控制体系—NCO和—NH2摩尔比在1:2,获得氨基封端的聚氨酯预聚体,密封备用;
(3)无溶剂聚氨酯浆料制备
以重量计,将步骤(2)中制备的氨基封端的脂肪族无溶剂含氟聚氨酯100份、氮丙啶8份、色粉4份、填料5份、流平剂1份常温下混合均匀;
(4)无溶剂三防合成革的制造
将步骤(3)中制备的无溶剂涂层浆料涂覆于离型纸上,涂膜厚度控制在0.8 mm,然后进入烘箱熟化,烘箱长度60 m,固化温度一区90 ℃,二区110 ℃,三区120 ℃,车速9 m/min,熟化后再涂覆聚氨酯热溶胶,与无纺布热压贴合,进入110℃烘箱熟化1 min,冷却,纸革分离,再经真空吸纹、揉革工艺制得具有防水、防油、防污功能的无溶剂三防合成革。
与普通无溶剂聚氨酯合成革相比,采用本专利技术制造的无溶剂三防合成革具有优异的防水性,水接触角从68°提高至122°。二碘甲烷接触角由45°提高至90°,同时具有良好的防涂鸦性能和优异的耐寒性(低温耐折牢度)。
实施例3:无溶剂三防汽车内饰革的制造
(1)含氟二异氰酸酯的制备
将HDI三聚体与全氟辛醇按摩尔比1:1计量加入带氮气保护和搅拌装置的反应瓶中,控温75℃反应, 6 h 后测定—NCO% 含量,当其为初始—NCO%含量的70%后停止反应获得获得含氟侧链的双官能团二异氰酸酯;
(2)活性官能团封端的无溶剂含氟聚氨酯预聚体的制备
以重量份计,将经脱水处理的分子量为2000的聚碳酸亚丙酯二醇65份加入反应瓶中,再依次加入六亚甲基二异氰酸酯4份、4,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯14份,步骤(1)制备的含氟异氰酸酯8份,有机铋催化剂0.01份,升温至85 ℃,反应2 h后加入小分子扩链剂1,3-丙二醇3份,85 ℃继续反应2 h后,控制体系—NCO和—OH摩尔比在1:2,获得羟基封端的聚氨酯预聚体,密封备用;
(3)无溶剂聚氨酯浆料制备
以重量份计,将步骤(2)制备的羟基封端的脂肪族无溶剂含氟聚氨酯100份、碳化二亚胺13份、色粉1份、填料8份、流平剂0.3份常温下混合均匀;
(4)无溶剂三防合成革的制造
将步骤(3)中制备的无溶剂涂层浆料涂覆于离型纸上,涂膜厚度控制在0.8 mm,然后进入烘箱熟化,烘箱长度60 m,固化温度一区90℃,二区100℃,三区110℃,车速8 m/min,熟化后再涂覆聚氨酯热溶胶,与机织布热压贴合,进入90℃烘箱熟化1 min,冷却,纸革分离,再经真空吸纹、揉革工艺制得具有防水、防油、防污功能的无溶剂三防合成革。
与普通无溶剂聚氨酯合成革相比,采用本专利技术制造的无溶剂三防合成革具有优异的防水防油性,水接触角从60°提高至130°,二碘甲烷接触角由33°提高至95°。

Claims (7)

1.一种无溶剂三防合成革及其制造方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)含氟二异氰酸酯的制备
将HDI三聚体与氟醇按摩尔比1:1加入带氮气保护和搅拌装置的反应瓶中,控温45~75℃反应,3~6 h 后测定—NCO% 含量,当其为初始—NCO%含量的65-70%后停止反应,制得含氟侧链的双官能团二异氰酸酯;
(2)羟基或胺基封端的无溶剂含氟聚氨酯预聚体的制备,所用物料份数均为重量份数
将经脱水处理的聚酯或聚醚二元醇65~75份加入反应瓶中,再依次加入二异氰酸酯15~28份,步骤(1)所制备的含氟二异氰酸酯7~15份,有机铋催化剂0.01~0.1份,升温至75~85℃,反应2 h后加入小分子扩链剂3~4份,55~85 ℃继续反应1~2 h后,控制体系—NCO和—OH或—NH2摩尔比在1:2,获得羟基或胺基封端的聚氨酯预聚体,密封备用;
(3)无溶剂涂层浆料的制备,所用物料份数均为重量份数
将步骤(2)制备的含羟基或胺基封端的无溶剂含氟聚氨酯预聚体100份、交联剂8~15份、色粉1~4份、流平剂0.3~1.0份、填料5~10份常温下混合均匀,备用;
(4)无溶剂三防合成革的制造
将步骤(3)制备的无溶剂涂层浆料涂覆于离型纸上,涂膜厚度控制在0.8~1.0 mm,然后进入90~130 ℃烘箱熟化,烘箱长度60~80 m,固化温度一区90~100 ℃,二区100~110 ℃,三区110~130 ℃,车速8~10 m/min,熟化后再涂覆聚氨酯热溶胶,与基材热压贴合,进入90~130℃烘箱熟化1~2 min,冷却,纸革分离,再经可选的吸纹、压纹、揉革、表面处理工艺处理,制得具有防水、防油、防污功能的无溶剂三防合成革。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种无溶剂三防合成革及其制造方法,其特征在于所述氟醇为C6-14的一元氟醇,优选六氟异丙醇、八氟戊醇、或全氟辛醇中的任一种或其组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种无溶剂三防合成革及其制造方法,其特征在于所述聚酯或聚醚二元醇为常温下呈液态、相对分子质量在1000~2000的聚己二酸-1,3-丁二醇酯二醇、聚丙二醇、聚乙二醇、聚碳酸亚乙酯二醇、聚碳酸亚丙酯二醇中的任一种或其组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种无溶剂三防合成革及其制造方法,其特征在于所述二异氰酸酯为常温呈液态的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的任一种或其组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种无溶剂三防合成革及其制造方法,其特征在于所述小分子扩链剂为常温呈液态的1,4-丁二醇、1,3-丙二醇、乙二醇或乙二胺中的任一种或其组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种无溶剂三防合成革及其制造方法,其特征在于所述交联剂为不含溶剂的液态六亚甲基二异氰酸酯三聚体、氮丙啶和碳化二亚胺中的任一种或其组合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种无溶剂三防合成革及其制造方法,其特征在于所述合成革基材为机织布、无纺布、超纤布中的任一种。
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