CN110668852B - Method for preparing organic fertilizer by anaerobic fermentation of biogas residues by utilizing kitchen waste - Google Patents

Method for preparing organic fertilizer by anaerobic fermentation of biogas residues by utilizing kitchen waste Download PDF

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CN110668852B
CN110668852B CN201911137041.4A CN201911137041A CN110668852B CN 110668852 B CN110668852 B CN 110668852B CN 201911137041 A CN201911137041 A CN 201911137041A CN 110668852 B CN110668852 B CN 110668852B
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stirring
aerobic
fermentation
anaerobic fermentation
box
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CN110668852A (en
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刘安平
黄映洲
孙晓楠
杨东侠
张选梅
张欣
曾祖刚
黄安寿
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Chongqing University
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Chongqing University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C05F9/04Biological compost
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by utilizing kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, which comprises the steps of mixing straw or wood chips and decomposed biogas residue compost with new kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, uniformly stirring and carrying out primary aerobic fermentation; secondly, performing secondary aerobic fermentation on the biogas residue mixed compost after primary fermentation, controlling the temperature of the aerobic fermentation at 30-50 degrees, ensuring enough ventilation, and stirring the biogas residue mixed compost every 3-5 hours in the aerobic fermentation process until the aerobic fermentation is finished; in the first step, an urban kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic composting stirring system is adopted for stirring and primary aerobic fermentation; and in the second step, the secondary aerobic fermentation is carried out by using an urban kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic composting ventilation system. Improving the quality of the organic fertilizer and realizing industrial production.

Description

Method for preparing organic fertilizer by anaerobic fermentation of biogas residues by utilizing kitchen waste
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer production, in particular to an industrial method for producing aerobic compost by utilizing anaerobic fermentation biogas residues of municipal kitchen waste.
Background
The anaerobic fermentation technology can convert the wastes such as kitchen waste and the like into energy substances, achieves the purposes of reducing pollution and protecting the environment and has environmental, social and economic benefits, but the anaerobic fermentation technology can generate a large amount of biogas residues, if the biogas residues cannot be properly treated, pollutants such as high-concentration organic matters, pathogenic microorganisms and the like can possibly enter the environment, so that secondary pollution is caused while resource waste is caused, so that the exploration on resource utilization of the biogas residues has important application value, biogas residue composting is a means for effectively realizing resource, harmlessness and reduction of the biogas residues, the biogas residue can stabilize the organic matters and kill the pathogenic microorganisms in a high-temperature fermentation stage, and the composting final product of the composting can also play a role in increasing soil fertility, enriching the soil microorganism composition and adjusting the soil structure, and is different from other solid waste composts, the biogas residue compost has high organic matter content, low C/N and high water content, is the resource utilization of anaerobic residues, can further realize the cyclic utilization of resources, reduces the harm to the environment, and needs to properly control factors such as temperature, water content, ventilation rate, pH value, C/N and the like in the composting process in order to obtain a good biogas residue compost product, wherein the ventilation rate is related to the microbial activity, the decomposition rate of organic matters and the change of temperature in the composting process and is one of important parameters influencing the composting process and the quality of the compost product, the anaerobic environment in the composting system can be influenced by the overlow ventilation rate, the excessive heat loss can be caused by the overhigh ventilation rate, the maintenance time in the high-temperature stage in the composting process can be influenced, so the selection of the proper ventilation rate is the premise of carrying out high-efficiency aerobic composting, it is necessary to control the aeration rate during composting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method special for preparing an organic fertilizer from kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues, so that the quality of the organic fertilizer is improved, and industrial production is realized.
Therefore, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by utilizing kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues comprises the following steps:
firstly, mixing straw or wood chips and decomposed biogas residue compost with new kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue, uniformly stirring and carrying out primary aerobic fermentation;
secondly, performing secondary aerobic fermentation on the biogas residue mixed compost after primary fermentation, controlling the temperature of the aerobic fermentation at 30-50 degrees, ensuring enough ventilation, and stirring the biogas residue mixed compost every 3-5 hours in the aerobic fermentation process until the aerobic fermentation is finished;
the first step is that an urban kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic compost stirring system is adopted for stirring and primary aerobic fermentation, and the stirring system comprises a supporting plate and a supporting leg assembly, wherein the supporting leg assembly is arranged below the supporting plate, a material conveying and feeding structure is arranged on the supporting plate, and a fine stirring structure and an oxygen introducing and controlling structure are arranged on the material conveying and feeding structure;
defeated material reinforced structure includes: the anaerobic fermentation component, the aerobic treatment box, the rubber ring and the material conveying and feeding part;
the anaerobic fermentation assembly is arranged above the supporting plate, the aerobic treatment box is embedded on the supporting plate and is positioned on the right side of the anaerobic fermentation box, the rubber ring is sleeved on the aerobic treatment box and is connected to the supporting plate, and the material conveying and feeding part is arranged on the aerobic treatment box;
defeated material feeding portion includes: the device comprises a connecting pipe, a conveying pump and a material conveying and feeding assembly; one end of the connecting pipe is arranged on the anaerobic fermentation assembly, the other end of the connecting pipe is inserted on the upper wall surface of the aerobic treatment box, the conveying pump is arranged on the upper wall surface of the aerobic treatment box and is arranged on the connecting pipe, and the material conveying and feeding assembly is arranged on the aerobic treatment box;
the fine stirring structure comprises a telescopic rod protection box, an electric telescopic rod, a moving box, a rotating rod and a fine stirring part; the telescopic rod protection box is arranged on the upper wall surface of the aerobic treatment box, the electric telescopic rod is arranged in the telescopic rod protection box, the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod passes through the upper wall surface of the telescopic rod protection box and extends outwards, the moving box is arranged on the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod, the rotary rod is movably connected to the moving box and is movably connected to the aerobic treatment box, and the fine stirring part is arranged on the aerobic treatment box;
the oxygen introducing and controlling structure comprises: the oxygen supplying and controlling part is arranged on the oxygen supplying and controlling part; the control panel is arranged on the side wall surface of the aerobic treatment box body, the pair of fixing belts are arranged on the side wall surface of the aerobic treatment box body and positioned on the right side of the control panel, and the oxygen introducing control part is arranged on the aerobic treatment box;
the anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic composting ventilation system for the municipal kitchen waste is adopted to perform secondary aerobic fermentation, and comprises a fermentation tank, wherein a pair of main air inlet pipes with the same structure are oppositely arranged at the middle upper part of the inner wall of the fermentation tank, a control valve is arranged on each main air inlet pipe, one end of each main air inlet pipe exposed out of the fermentation tank is communicated with an air supply mechanism, a pair of air inlet angle adjusting mechanisms with the same structure and a pair of air inlet fixing mechanisms with the same structure are oppositely arranged at two sides of the inner wall surface of the fermentation tank, and a stirring mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank;
the air intake fixing mechanism includes: the device comprises an annular plate, a plurality of fixed seats with the same structure, a plurality of adjusting seats with the same structure, a plurality of vent pipes with the same structure, a gas distribution pipe and a corrugated pipe; the annular plate is arranged on the inner wall surface of the fermentation tank, the fixing seats are arranged on the annular plate and are arranged in an arc shape, the fixing seats are concave seats, rotating shafts are arranged between the side plates protruding out of two sides of the fixing seats, the adjusting seats are movably arranged on the fixing seats, the ventilating pipes are arranged on the adjusting seats, the gas distributing pipes are arranged at the gas inlet ends of the ventilating pipes, and the corrugated pipes are communicated with a main gas inlet pipe and the gas distributing pipes;
the intake angle adjusting mechanism includes: the mounting seat, the annular hoop and the hydraulic cylinder; the adjusting seats are movably connected with the rotating shaft in a pin shaft connection mode, the mounting seat is mounted on the annular plate, the annular hoop is sleeved on the gas distribution pipe, the fixed end of the hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the mounting seat and movably connected with the mounting seat through a pin shaft, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder is movably connected with the annular hoop;
the stirring mechanism comprises: the stirring device comprises a stirring motor, a placing plate, a stirring rod, a plurality of stirring blades with different sizes and a coupler; agitator motor installs in the fermentation cylinder bottom, the lower extreme is equipped with places board and its center and has seted up the through-hole in the fermentation cylinder, the embedded bearing that is equipped with of through-hole, the puddler inlays to be adorned in the bearing, and is a plurality of stirring leaf suit just is located on the puddler and places the board top, the puddler bottom passes through the coupling joint with agitator motor's drive end, and is a plurality of the helical structure that the stirring leaf increases step by step from top to bottom.
Preferably, the feeding and conveying assembly comprises a feeding box, a pair of clamping plates with the same structure and a baffle; the charging box is arranged on the right side wall surface of the aerobic treatment box, the clamping plates are arranged on the inner wall surface of the charging box and correspond to each other, and the baffle is inserted in the clamping plates.
Preferably, the fine stirring part comprises a plurality of first stirring rods with the same structure, a plurality of second stirring rods with the same structure and a fine stirring assembly; a plurality of first puddler equidistance is installed on the rotary rod, and is a plurality of second puddler equidistance is installed on the rotary rod, and is located a plurality of first puddler downside, meticulous stirring subassembly install in a plurality of on the first stirring tooth.
Preferably, the fine stirring assembly comprises: the device comprises a plurality of first stirring teeth with the same structure, a plurality of second stirring teeth with the same structure, a servo motor, a first gear and a second gear; a plurality of first stirring tooth equidistance respectively install in a plurality of on the first puddler, it is a plurality of second stirring tooth equidistance respectively installs in a plurality of on the second puddler, servo motor installs on the wall on the removal case, first gear movable mounting is in the removal case, second gear movable mounting is in the removal case, and is located first gear left side to with first gear engagement.
Preferably, the oxygen supply and control assembly includes: an oxygen pipe, a discharge pipe and a control valve; one end of the oxygen pipe is arranged on the oxygen bottle, the other end of the oxygen pipe is inserted into the aerobic treatment box, the discharge pipe is arranged at the lower end of the aerobic treatment box, and the control valve is embedded on the discharge pipe.
Preferably, the rubber sleeve is installed on the supporting leg assembly, and the motor protective sleeve is installed on the servo motor.
Preferably, the gas supply mechanism includes: the temperature control device comprises an air compressor, a temperature control box and a plurality of resistance wire plates with the same structure;
the air compressor and the temperature control box are arranged on the outer side wall surface of the fermentation tank, the communicating pipe is communicated between the air compressor and the temperature control box, the resistance wire plates are uniformly arranged in the temperature control box at intervals from top to bottom, and the air outlet end of the temperature control box is communicated with the main air inlet pipe.
Preferably, the fermentation tank is provided with a barometer, the fermentation tank is internally provided with a temperature and humidity detector, and the outer wall surface of the fermentation tank matched with the temperature and humidity detector is provided with an electronic display screen.
Preferably, the fermentation tank is a cylindrical tank body made of steel, and a plurality of support legs with the same structure extend from the lower wall surface of the fermentation tank.
Preferably, the central position of the gas distribution pipe is provided with an annular shallow groove, and the annular hoop is sleeved at the annular shallow groove.
Preferably, the outer wall surface of the temperature control box is covered with a heat insulation layer, a plurality of corner pieces with the same structure are arranged on two sides of the temperature control box, and a plurality of fastening bolts with the same structure are arranged on the corner pieces and are in threaded connection with the fermentation tank.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) adopt city kitchen garbage anaerobic fermentation natural pond sediment aerobic composting mixing system to stir and first aerobic fermentation, high durability and convenient use, through increasing defeated material reinforced structure, make the device can directly carry city kitchen garbage anaerobic fermentation natural pond sediment to aerobic treatment equipment department, the artifical transportation procedure has been reduced, make the device have the ability of carrying out the altitude mixture control of stirring tooth through increasing meticulous stirring structure, it is abundant more abundant to make the stirring, this device still is equipped with the oxygen cylinder, make the device have the ability of sufficient oxygen supply, promote the reproduction of aerobic bacteria, wholly improve compost work efficiency, the conversion rate is improved, promote better going on of city kitchen garbage anaerobic fermentation natural pond sediment aerobic composting processing work.
(2) Adopt city kitchen garbage anaerobic fermentation natural pond sediment aerobic composting ventilation system to carry out secondary aerobic fermentation, constitute an air compression air inlet unit through total intake pipe and air feed mechanism on it, use the air compressor machine to admit air and utilize temperature controller and resistance wire board to carry out temperature regulation to the air, make the air temperature who lets in the fermentation cylinder moderate, avoid destroying aerobic fermentation's temperature, thereby it stirs to turn over the compost of jar body bottom to be equipped with to turn over in jar body bottom simultaneously, make inside compost and the abundant contact of air, and be equipped with the angle modulation structure in the fermentation cylinder, the angle of adjusting admits air, it is adjustable to make the air admit air angle, thereby jet-blast to the different positions of compost, make air and compost contact more abundant.
(3) Refluxing the decomposed biogas residue compost back to a new kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue compost, and increasing the solid in the compost to adjust the ratio of the initial water content of the mixture; and properly adding certain other waste materials such as straw or wood chips into the compost for mixed composting, and also playing a role in reducing water; meanwhile, the added straws and wood chips can also play a role of an expanding agent so as to maintain the porosity of the stack.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a main view of an anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic composting stirring system for municipal kitchen waste.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a main-view appearance structure of the anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic composting stirring system for municipal kitchen waste.
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic composting stirring system for municipal kitchen waste.
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic composting stirring system for municipal kitchen waste.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a partially enlarged structure at a position a of the anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic composting stirring system for municipal kitchen waste shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a partial enlarged structure at a position b of the stirring system for anaerobic fermentation of biogas residues and aerobic composting of municipal kitchen waste according to the invention and FIG. 4.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a partial enlarged structure at a position c of the stirring system for anaerobic fermentation of biogas residues and aerobic composting of municipal kitchen waste shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of an anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic composting ventilation system for municipal kitchen waste in a main view.
FIG. 9 is a schematic top view cross-sectional structure view of an aerobic composting and ventilating system for anaerobic fermentation of biogas residues by municipal kitchen waste.
FIG. 10 is a schematic rear view structure diagram of an anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic composting ventilation system for municipal kitchen waste.
FIG. 11 is a schematic partial structural view of the anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic composting and ventilating system for municipal kitchen waste shown in FIG. 8.
FIG. 12 is a partial structural schematic view of the anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic composting and ventilating system for municipal kitchen waste shown in FIG. 9.
In fig. 1 to 7: 1. a support plate; 2. a leg assembly; 3. an anaerobic fermentation component; 4. an aerobic treatment box; 5. a rubber ring; 6. a connecting pipe; 7. a delivery pump; 8. a feed box; 9. clamping a plate; 10. a baffle plate; 11. a telescopic rod protection box; 12. an electric telescopic rod; 13. a mobile box; 14. rotating the rod; 15. a first stirring rod; 16. A second stirring rod; 17. a first stirring tooth; 18. a second stirring tooth; 19. a servo motor; 20. a first gear; 21. a second gear; 22. a control panel; 23. fixing belts; 24. an oxygen cylinder; 25. a pressure gauge; 26. an oxygen tube; 27. a discharge pipe; 28. a control valve; 29. a rubber sleeve; 30. a motor protective sleeve;
in fig. 8 to 12: 31. a fermentation tank; 32. a main air inlet pipe; 33. a control valve; 34. an annular plate; 35. A fixed seat; 36. an adjusting seat; 37. a breather pipe; 38. a gas distributing pipe; 39. a bellows; 40. a mounting seat; 41. an annular band; 42. a hydraulic cylinder; 43. an air compressor; 44. a temperature control box; 45. a resistance wire plate; 46. a stirring motor; 47. placing the plate; 48. a stirring rod; 49. stirring blades; 50. a coupling; 51. a barometer; 52. A temperature and humidity detector; 53. an electronic display screen; 54. a support leg; 55. mesh holes; 56. a communication pipe is provided.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
a method for preparing an organic fertilizer by utilizing kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues comprises the following steps:
firstly, mixing straw or wood chips and decomposed biogas residue compost with new kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue, uniformly stirring and carrying out primary aerobic fermentation;
secondly, performing secondary aerobic fermentation on the biogas residue mixed compost after primary fermentation, controlling the temperature of the aerobic fermentation at 30-50 degrees, ensuring enough ventilation, and stirring the biogas residue mixed compost every 3-5 hours in the aerobic fermentation process until the aerobic fermentation is finished;
in the first step, an urban kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic composting stirring system is adopted for stirring and primary aerobic fermentation.
And in the second step, the secondary aerobic fermentation is carried out by using an urban kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic composting ventilation system.
The stirring system for anaerobic fermentation of biogas residues and aerobic composting of municipal kitchen waste is specifically explained with reference to fig. 1-7. The supporting device comprises a supporting plate 1 and a supporting leg assembly 2, wherein the supporting plate 1 and the supporting leg assembly 2 are matched with each other to integrally support, the holding device is stable, the supporting leg assembly 2 is arranged on the lower wall surface of the supporting plate 1, a material conveying and feeding structure is arranged on the supporting plate 1, and a fine stirring structure and an oxygen introducing and controlling structure are arranged on the material conveying and feeding structure;
in the specific implementation process, it is worth focusing on explaining that the material conveying and feeding structure in the scheme comprises: anaerobic fermentation subassembly 3, aerobic treatment case 4, rubber circle 5 and defeated material feeding portion, its relation of connection and position relation are as follows:
the anaerobic fermentation component 3 is arranged on the upper wall surface of the supporting plate 1, the aerobic treatment box 4 is embedded on the supporting plate 1 and is positioned on the right side of the anaerobic fermentation box, the rubber ring 5 is sleeved on the aerobic treatment box 4 and is connected on the supporting plate 1, and the material conveying and feeding part is arranged on the aerobic treatment box 4;
according to the above content, the anaerobic fermentation component 3 is used for carrying out anaerobic fermentation treatment on the municipal kitchen waste, and the municipal kitchen waste is converted into anaerobic fermentation biogas residue materials required by aerobic composting treatment through the process, the device focuses on research and improvement on anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic composting of the municipal kitchen waste, the anaerobic fermentation component 3 is introduced in the prior art, and is not described herein any more, and the aerobic treatment tank 4 is used for providing space for composting when being used for aerobic processing;
foretell defeated material feeding portion includes: connecting pipe 6, delivery pump 7 and defeated material reinforced subassembly, its relation of connection and position relation are as follows:
one end of a connecting pipe 6 is arranged on the anaerobic fermentation component 3, the other end is inserted on the upper wall surface of the aerobic treatment box 4, a delivery pump 7 is arranged on the upper wall surface of the aerobic treatment box 4 and is arranged on the connecting pipe 6, a material conveying and feeding component is arranged on the aerobic treatment box 4,
according to the above, biogas residues generated by the anaerobic fermentation component 3 during operation are conveyed to the aerobic treatment tank 4 by the connecting pipe 6, the conveying pump 7 provides power for conveying operation, and biogas residues are directly conveyed to the container for aerobic composting treatment, so that manual transportation operation is reduced, labor expenditure is reduced, and meanwhile composting efficiency is improved;
foretell reinforced defeated material subassembly includes: the feed box 8, a pair of cardboard 9 and baffle 10 that the structure is the same, its relation of connection and positional relationship are as follows:
the charging box 8 is arranged on the right side wall surface of the aerobic treatment box 4, the pair of clamping plates 9 are arranged on the inner wall surface of the charging box 8 and are mutually corresponding, and the baffle plate 10 is inserted on the pair of clamping plates 9;
the fine stirring structure comprises: the telescopic rod protection box 11, the electric telescopic rod 12, the moving box 13, the rotating rod 14 and the fine stirring part are connected and positioned as follows:
the telescopic rod protection box 11 is arranged on the upper wall surface of the aerobic treatment box 4, the electric telescopic rod 12 is arranged in the telescopic rod protection box 11, the telescopic end penetrates through the upper wall surface of the telescopic rod protection box 11 and extends outwards, the moving box 13 is arranged on the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod 12, the rotating rod 14 is movably connected to the moving box 13 and movably connected to the aerobic treatment box 4, and the fine stirring part is arranged on the aerobic treatment box 4;
preferably, the fine stirring section includes: the connection and position relationships of the first stirring rods 15 with the same structure, the second stirring rods 16 with the same structure and the fine stirring assembly are as follows:
the plurality of first stirring rods 15 are equidistantly arranged on the rotating rod 14, the plurality of second stirring rods 16 are equidistantly arranged on the rotating rod 14 and are positioned at the lower sides of the plurality of first stirring rods 15, and the fine stirring assembly is arranged on the plurality of first stirring teeth 17;
preferably, the fine stirring member further includes: a plurality of first stirring teeth 17 with the same structure, a plurality of second stirring teeth 18 with the same structure and a servo motor 19, wherein the connection relation and the position relation are as follows:
a plurality of first stirring teeth 17 are respectively and equidistantly arranged on a plurality of first stirring rods 15, a plurality of second stirring teeth 18 are respectively and equidistantly arranged on a plurality of second stirring rods 16, a servo motor 19 is arranged on the upper wall surface of the moving box 13, a first gear 20 is movably arranged in the moving box 13, and a second gear 21 is movably arranged in the moving box 13, is positioned on the left side of the first gear 20 and is meshed with the first gear 20.
The above-mentioned oxygen and control structure includes: the control panel 22, a pair of fixing belts 23 with the same structure and an oxygen supplying and controlling part have the following connection relationship and position relationship:
a control panel 22 is arranged on the side wall surface of the body of the aerobic treatment box 4, a pair of fixing belts 23 are arranged on the side wall surface of the aerobic treatment box and are positioned at the right side of the control panel 22, and an oxygen introducing control part is arranged on the aerobic treatment box 4;
preferably, the oxygen supply and control unit further includes: the oxygen cylinder 24, the pressure gauge 25 and the oxygen introducing and controlling component are connected and positioned as follows:
an oxygen cylinder 24 is arranged on the aerobic treatment box 4 through a pair of fixing belts 23, a pressure gauge 25 is arranged on the oxygen cylinder 24, and an oxygen introducing and controlling component is arranged on the aerobic treatment box 4;
preferably, the oxygen supply and control unit further comprises: the connection and position relationship among the oxygen pipe 26, the discharge pipe 27 and the control valve 28 are as follows:
one end of an oxygen pipe 26 is arranged on the oxygen bottle 24, the other end is inserted on the aerobic treatment box 4, a discharge pipe 27 is arranged at the lower end of the aerobic treatment box 4, and a control valve 28 is embedded on the discharge pipe 27;
according to the above overall description, when the device is used for anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic composting of municipal kitchen waste, a worker is required to manually switch on a power supply, a switch is turned on, the device enters a working state, the delivery pump 7 works to deliver biogas residue produced by anaerobic fermentation component 3 into the aerobic treatment box 4 through the delivery pipe for composting, when materials such as additives and catalysts are added, the worker is required to manually pull the baffle plate to enable the baffle plate 10 to slide along the clamping plate 9, the materials to be added are placed into the feeding box 8, the materials can enter the aerobic treatment box 4 through the opening at the baffle plate 10, then the baffle plate 10 is pressed down to close the opening, at the moment, the servo motor 19 is controlled by the control panel 22 to operate, the servo motor 19 is driven to drive the rotating rod 14 to rotate through the transmission of the first gear 20 and the second gear 21, and the stirring rod rotates along with the rotating rod 14, stirring the biogas residue materials in the aerobic treatment tank 4 to be uniformly stirred, stirring compost by stirring during working, preventing caking and contact of the compost materials with oxygen, introducing oxygen into the device by a worker at regular time to increase the activity of aerobic bacteria and reduce the breeding influence of anaerobic bacteria, and introducing oxygen to enable the worker to adjust through the control panel 22, so that oxygen is added into the aerobic treatment tank 4 from the oxygen bottle 24 through the oxygen pipe 26, the oxygen is fully utilized by matching with stirring, and the oxygen meter is used for indicating the oxygen storage capacity and prompting replacement, so that the aerobic composting work of anaerobic fermentation biogas residue of the municipal kitchen waste can be better promoted by using the device;
preferably, the leg assembly 2 is provided with a rubber sleeve 29 for preventing the device from sliding, and the servo motor 19 is provided with a motor protective sleeve 30 for protecting the servo motor 19 so as to promote the composting.
The ventilation system for anaerobic fermentation of biogas residue and aerobic composting of municipal kitchen waste is specifically explained with reference to fig. 8-12. Mainly comprises a fermentation tank 31, a total air inlet pipe 32, an air inlet fixing mechanism, an air inlet angle adjusting mechanism and a stirring mechanism.
A pair of air inlet manifolds 32 with the same structure are oppositely arranged at the middle upper part of the inner wall of the fermentation tank 31, and air is introduced from the left side and the right side in two ways, so that the uniformity of ventilation is ensured. Each air inlet manifold 32 is provided with a control valve 33, which is adjusted as required to adjust the air intake. The end of each total air inlet pipe 32 exposed outside the fermentation tank 31 is communicated with an air supply mechanism, a pair of air inlet angle adjusting mechanisms with the same structure and a pair of air inlet fixing mechanisms with the same structure are oppositely arranged on two sides of the inner wall surface of the fermentation tank 31, and a stirring mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank. The pair of air inlet manifolds 32 are closed and opened by a control valve 33, and the air supply mechanism supplies air to the pair of air inlet manifolds 32.
The fermentation tank 31 is a cylindrical tank made of steel, a plurality of support legs 54 with the same structure extend out of the lower wall surface of the fermentation tank 31, an air pressure gauge 51 is arranged on the fermentation tank 31, a temperature and humidity detector 52 is arranged in the fermentation tank 31, and an electronic display screen 53 is arranged on the outer wall surface of the fermentation tank matched with the temperature and humidity detector;
the air intake angle adjusting mechanism includes: the air inlet fixing structure and the air inlet angle adjusting structure;
the above-mentioned fixed knot that admits air includes: the device comprises an annular plate 34, a plurality of fixed seats 35 with the same structure, a plurality of adjusting seats 36 with the same structure, a plurality of vent pipes 37 with the same structure, a gas distribution pipe 38 and a corrugated pipe 39, wherein the connection relationship and the position relationship are as follows;
the annular plate 34 is arranged on the inner wall surface of the fermentation tank, the plurality of fixing seats 35 are arranged on the annular plate 34, the plurality of fixing seats 35 are arranged in an arc shape, the plurality of fixing seats 35 are concave-shaped seats, rotating shafts are arranged between the side plates protruding out of two sides of each fixing seat, the plurality of adjusting seats 36 are movably arranged on the plurality of fixing seats 35, the plurality of vent pipes 37 are arranged on the plurality of adjusting seats 36, the gas distribution pipes 38 are arranged at the gas inlet ends of the plurality of vent pipes 37, and the corrugated pipes 39 are communicated with the main gas;
in the specific implementation process, the annular plate 34 is used for installing the fixed seat 35, the compost is surrounded by the plurality of annular fixed seats 35, air introduced from the main air inlet pipe 32 is discharged into the air distribution pipe 38 through the corrugated pipe 39, the air is distributed into the plurality of air pipes 37 through the flow distribution effect of the air distribution pipe 38, the compost is ventilated by the air pipes 37, the adjustment seat 36 can be angularly adjusted by the air inlet angle adjusting structure in a pin shaft connection mode of the adjustment seat 36 and the fixed seats 35, so that the angle of the air pipes 37 is adjusted, the sufficient air is guaranteed to be obtained at each part of the compost by adjusting the pitching angle of the air pipes 37 up and down, the end parts of the plurality of air pipes 37 are provided with a plurality of grid holes 55 with the same structure, and the compost is prevented from being damaged due to too concentrated air;
the air intake angle adjusting structure includes: the mounting seat 40, the annular hoop 41 and the hydraulic cylinder 42 are connected and positioned as follows;
a plurality of adjusting seats 36 are movably connected with the rotating shaft in a pin shaft connection mode, an installation seat 40 is installed on the annular plate 34, an annular hoop 41 is sleeved on the gas distribution pipe 38, the fixed end of a hydraulic cylinder 42 is installed on the installation seat 40 and movably connected with the annular hoop 41 through a pin shaft, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 42 is movably connected with the annular hoop 41;
in the specific implementation process, an annular shallow groove is formed in the center of the gas distribution pipe 38, the annular hoop 41 is sleeved at the annular shallow groove, the adjusting seat 36 is connected with a rotating shaft on the fixed seat 35 in a pin shaft mode, so that the adjusting seat 36 can rotate on the rotating shaft, when the angle is adjusted, an electric signal is sent to the hydraulic cylinder 42 through an external starting button, the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder is repeatedly extended or retracted, the annular hoop 41 on the hydraulic cylinder is driven to complete position adjustment, the position of the gas distribution pipe 38 is changed, the angle of the gas distribution pipe 37 on the adjusting seat 36 is changed due to the fact that the gas distribution pipe 37 is connected with the gas distribution pipe 38, and the mounting seat 40 is arranged at the fixed end of the hydraulic cylinder 42 in order to;
the air supply mechanism includes: the air compressor 43, the temperature control box 44 and a plurality of resistance wire plates 15 with the same structure have the following connection relationship and position relationship;
the air compressor 43 is arranged at one side of the fermentation tank 31, the temperature control component is arranged on the side wall surface of the fermentation tank 31, the communicating pipe 56 is communicated between the air compressor 43 and the temperature control component, the temperature control component is composed of a temperature control box 44 arranged on the side wall surface of the fermentation tank 31 and a plurality of resistance wire plates 15 which are uniformly arranged in the temperature control box 44 and have the same structure, and the upper side and the lower side of the temperature control box 44 are respectively communicated with the main air inlet pipe 32 and the communicating pipe 56;
in the concrete implementation process, compress the outside air through air compressor machine 43, then let in the temperature control box 44 of temperature control subassembly via communicating pipe 56, energize for resistance wire board 15, make its heating, the resistance wire board 15 through in the temperature control box 44 heats the air of flowing through, then let in fermentation cylinder 31 via total intake pipe 32, it is low to avoid the air temperature, destroy fermentation reaction's optimum temperature, temperature control box 44 outer wall coats and is stamped the insulating layer, and it is equipped with the same fillet of a plurality of structures to be located temperature control box 44 both sides, be equipped with the same fastening bolt of a plurality of structures and fermentation cylinder 31 threaded connection on a plurality of fillets, avoid the heat loss.
The stirring mechanism comprises: a stirring motor 46, a placing plate 47, a stirring rod 48, a plurality of stirring blades 49 with different sizes and a coupling 50, wherein the connection relationship and the position relationship are as follows;
the stirring motor 46 is arranged at the bottom end of the fermentation tank 31, a placing plate 47 is arranged at the lower end in the fermentation tank 31, a through hole is formed in the center of the placing plate 47, a bearing is embedded in the through hole, the stirring rod 48 is embedded in the bearing, a plurality of stirring blades 49 are sleeved on the stirring rod 48 and positioned above the placing plate 47, and the bottom end of the stirring rod 48 is connected with the driving end of the stirring motor 46 through a coupler 50;
when air is introduced into the fermentation tank 31, the stirring shaft is driven to rotate by the stirring motor 46, so that the stirring rod 48 drives the stirring blades 49 to rotate, the compost is stirred to be fully contacted with the air, the stirring blades 49 are of spiral structures which are gradually increased from top to bottom, the compost conforms to the shape of the compost, and meanwhile, the stirring range is small, and the shape of the compost is not damaged;
this ventilation system passes through total intake pipe and air feed mechanism on the fermentation cylinder and constitutes an air compression air inlet unit, use the air compressor machine to admit air and utilize temperature controller and resistance wire board to carry out temperature regulation to the air, make the air temperature who lets in the fermentation cylinder moderate, avoid destroying aerobic fermentation's temperature, thereby it stirs to turn over the compost of jar body bottom to be equipped with to turn over the mechanism simultaneously in jar body bottom, thereby make its inside compost fully contact with the air, and be equipped with the angle modulation structure in the fermentation cylinder, the angle of admitting air is adjusted, make the air intake angularly adjustable, thereby it is jet-propelled to the different positions of compost, make the air more abundant with the compost contact.

Claims (8)

1. A method for preparing an organic fertilizer by utilizing kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues comprises the following steps:
firstly, mixing straw or wood chips and decomposed biogas residue compost with new kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue, uniformly stirring and carrying out primary aerobic fermentation;
secondly, performing secondary aerobic fermentation on the biogas residue mixed compost after primary fermentation, controlling the temperature of the aerobic fermentation at 30-50 degrees, ensuring enough ventilation, and stirring the biogas residue mixed compost every 3-5 hours in the aerobic fermentation process until the aerobic fermentation is finished;
the method is characterized in that:
in the first step, an urban kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic compost stirring system is adopted for stirring and primary aerobic fermentation, and the stirring system comprises a supporting plate (1) and a supporting leg assembly (2), wherein the supporting leg assembly (2) is arranged below the supporting plate (1), a material conveying and feeding structure is arranged on the supporting plate (1), and a fine stirring structure and an oxygen introducing and controlling structure are arranged on the material conveying and feeding structure;
defeated material reinforced structure includes: the anaerobic fermentation component (3), the aerobic treatment box (4), the rubber ring (5) and the material conveying and feeding part;
the anaerobic fermentation component (3) is arranged above the supporting plate (1), the aerobic treatment box (4) is embedded on the supporting plate (1) and is positioned at the right side of the anaerobic fermentation box, the rubber ring (5) is sleeved on the aerobic treatment box (4) and is connected to the supporting plate (1), and the material conveying and feeding part is arranged on the aerobic treatment box (4);
the material conveying and feeding part comprises a connecting pipe (6), a conveying pump (7) and a material conveying and feeding assembly; one end of the connecting pipe (6) is arranged on the anaerobic fermentation component (3), the other end of the connecting pipe is inserted on the upper wall surface of the aerobic treatment box (4), the conveying pump (7) is arranged on the upper wall surface of the aerobic treatment box (4) and is arranged on the connecting pipe (6), and the material conveying and feeding component is arranged on the aerobic treatment box (4);
the fine stirring structure comprises a telescopic rod protection box (11), an electric telescopic rod (12), a moving box (13), a rotating rod (14) and a fine stirring part; the telescopic rod protection box (11) is arranged on the upper wall surface of the aerobic treatment box (4), the electric telescopic rod (12) is arranged in the telescopic rod protection box (11), the telescopic end penetrates through the upper wall surface of the telescopic rod protection box (11) to extend outwards, the moving box (13) is arranged on the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod (12), the rotary rod (14) is movably connected to the moving box (13) and is movably connected to the aerobic treatment box (4), and the fine stirring part is arranged on the aerobic treatment box (4);
the oxygen introducing and controlling structure comprises: a control panel (22), a pair of fixing belts (23) with the same structure and an oxygen supply and control part; the control panel (22) is arranged on the side wall surface of the body of the aerobic treatment box (4), the pair of fixing belts (23) is arranged on the side wall surface of the aerobic treatment box and positioned on the right side of the control panel (22), and the oxygen introducing control part is arranged on the aerobic treatment box (4);
the secondary aerobic fermentation is carried out by adopting an urban kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic composting ventilation system in the second step, the secondary aerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic composting ventilation biogas residue aerobic fermentation biogas residue anaerobic fermentation;
the air intake fixing mechanism includes: the device comprises an annular plate (34), a plurality of fixed seats (35) with the same structure, a plurality of adjusting seats (36) with the same structure, a plurality of vent pipes (37) with the same structure, a gas distribution pipe (38) and a corrugated pipe (39); the annular plate (34) is installed on the inner wall surface of the fermentation tank, the fixing seats (35) are installed on the annular plate (34), the fixing seats (35) are arranged in an arc shape, the fixing seats (35) are concave seats, rotating shafts are arranged between the protruding side plates on the two sides of the fixing seats, the adjusting seats (36) are movably installed on the fixing seats (35), the ventilating pipes (37) are installed on the adjusting seats (36), the air distributing pipes (38) are installed at the air inlet ends of the ventilating pipes (37), and the corrugated pipes (39) are communicated with a main air inlet pipe (32) and the air distributing pipes (38);
the intake angle adjusting mechanism includes: a mounting seat (40), an annular hoop (41) and a hydraulic cylinder (42); the adjusting seats (36) are movably connected with the rotating shaft in a pin shaft connection mode, the mounting seat (40) is mounted on the annular plate (34), the annular hoop (41) is sleeved on the gas distributing pipe (38), the fixed end of the hydraulic cylinder (42) is mounted on the mounting seat (40) and movably connected with the annular hoop (41) through a pin shaft, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder (42) is movably connected with the annular hoop (41);
the stirring mechanism comprises: a stirring motor (46), a placing plate (47), a stirring rod (48), a plurality of stirring blades (49) with different sizes and a coupling (50); agitator motor (46) are installed in fermentation cylinder (31) bottom, the lower extreme is equipped with places board (47) and its center and has seted up the through-hole in fermentation cylinder (31), the embedded bearing that is equipped with of through-hole, puddler (48) inlay and adorn in the bearing, and are a plurality of stirring leaf (49) suit is on puddler (48) and is located and places board (47) top, puddler (48) bottom passes through shaft coupling (50) with the drive end of agitator motor (46) and is connected, and is a plurality of stirring leaf (49) are the helical structure that from top to bottom increases step by step.
2. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by utilizing the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the feeding and conveying assembly in the urban kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic composting stirring system comprises a feeding box (8), a pair of clamping plates (9) with the same structure and a baffle (10);
the feeding box (8) is arranged on the right side wall surface of the aerobic treatment box (4), the clamping plates (9) are arranged on the inner wall surface of the feeding box (8) and correspond to each other, and the baffle plates (10) are inserted into the clamping plates (9).
3. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by utilizing the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues according to claim 1, is characterized in that: meticulous stirring portion in the stirring system of city kitchen garbage anaerobic fermentation natural pond sediment aerobic composting includes: a plurality of first stirring rods (15) with the same structure, a plurality of second stirring rods (16) with the same structure and a fine stirring component;
a plurality of first puddler (15) equidistance is installed on rotary rod (14), and is a plurality of second puddler (16) equidistance is installed on rotary rod (14), and is located a plurality of first puddler (15) downside, meticulous stirring subassembly install in a plurality of on first stirring tooth (17).
4. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by utilizing the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues according to claim 1, is characterized in that: meticulous stirring subassembly in city kitchen garbage anaerobic fermentation natural pond sediment aerobic composting mixing system includes: a plurality of first stirring teeth (17) with the same structure, a plurality of second stirring teeth (18) with the same structure, a servo motor (19), a first gear (20) and a second gear (21);
a plurality of first stirring tooth (17) equidistance respectively install in a plurality of on first puddler (15), a plurality of second stirring tooth (18) equidistance respectively install in a plurality of on second puddler (16), servo motor (19) are installed on removing case (13) the wall, first gear (20) movable mounting is in removing case (13), second gear (21) movable mounting is in removing case (13), and is located first gear (20) left side to mesh with first gear (20).
5. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by utilizing the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the oxygen and control part in the stirring system for anaerobic fermentation of biogas residues and aerobic composting of urban kitchen waste comprises: an oxygen cylinder (24), a pressure gauge (25) and an oxygen introducing and controlling component;
the oxygen cylinder (24) is arranged on the aerobic treatment box (4) through the pair of fixing belts (23), the pressure gauge (25) is arranged on the oxygen cylinder (24), and the oxygen introducing and controlling assembly is arranged on the aerobic treatment box (4).
6. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by utilizing the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues according to claim 1, is characterized in that: oxygen and control assembly in the stirring system for anaerobic fermentation of biogas residues and aerobic composting of municipal kitchen waste include: an oxygen pipe (26), a discharge pipe (27), and a control valve (28);
one end of the oxygen pipe (26) is installed on the oxygen bottle (24), the other end of the oxygen pipe is inserted into the aerobic treatment box (4), the discharge pipe (27) is installed at the lower end of the aerobic treatment box (4), and the control valve (28) is embedded on the discharge pipe (27);
a city kitchen garbage anaerobic fermentation natural pond sediment aerobic composting ventilation system, its characterized in that, gas supply mechanism includes: the temperature control device comprises an air compressor (43), a temperature control box (44) and a plurality of resistance wire plates (15) with the same structure;
the air compressor (43) and the temperature control box (44) are arranged on the outer side wall surface of the fermentation tank (31), the communicating pipe (26) is communicated between the air compressor (43) and the temperature control box (44), the resistance wire plates (45) are uniformly arranged in the temperature control box (44) at intervals from top to bottom, and the air outlet end of the temperature control box (44) is communicated with the main air inlet pipe (32).
7. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by utilizing the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues according to claim 1, is characterized in that: a barometer (51) is arranged on a fermentation tank (31) in the anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic composting and ventilating system for urban kitchen waste, a temperature and humidity detector (52) is arranged in the fermentation tank (31), and an electronic display screen (53) is arranged on the outer wall surface of the fermentation tank and matched with the barometer.
8. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer by utilizing the kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residues according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the outer wall surface of a temperature control box (44) in the urban kitchen waste anaerobic fermentation biogas residue aerobic composting ventilation system is covered with a heat insulation layer, a plurality of corner pieces with the same structure are arranged on two sides of the temperature control box (44), and a plurality of fastening bolts with the same structure are arranged on the corner pieces and are in threaded connection with a fermentation tank (31).
CN201911137041.4A 2019-11-19 2019-11-19 Method for preparing organic fertilizer by anaerobic fermentation of biogas residues by utilizing kitchen waste Active CN110668852B (en)

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