CN110637986A - 一种酶解法制备三公膏的工艺方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种酶解法制备三公膏的工艺方法,主要是通过将三公原料(公羊、公狗和公鸡肉)高压蒸煮、酶解、离心去油除杂、浓缩收膏等工艺步骤制备三公膏。本方法的优点在于,显著缩短了生产时间,三公膏产品得率提高1.5倍,产品中多肽含量提高1倍,脂肪含量大幅降低,改善了口感,方便了延伸加工使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种酶解法制备三公膏的工艺改进,属功能食品范畴。
背景技术
三公膏为海南极具黎族特色的保健食品,由海南本地成年健壮的公羊、公狗和公鸡三种雄性动物骨肉熬制而成,具有补血补气、温阳补肾、强身健体、促进生长发育等功效,有着几百年的悠久历史,深受海南民间欢迎,目前由三公膏为主要原料开发的三公酒已经在市场上销售。
羊肉性温,具有温里补血、壮肾阳作用,《本草纲目》记载:“羊肉能暖中补虚,补中益气,开胃健身,益肾气,养胆明目,治虚劳寒冷,五劳七伤”;狗肉性温,具有补气助阳作用,中医认为狗肉能温补脾胃、补肾助阳、壮力气、补血脉;鸡肉性微温,具有温里补气作用,中医认为,鸡肉味甘,能温中补脾,益气养血,补肾益精。现代医学理论认为,动物蛋白质中含有多种对人体健康有促进作用的生物活性肽,具有抗氧化性、抗血压升高、促进神经活性等多方面作用,大分子蛋白经人体胃肠消化降解后,释放小分子活性肽和氨基酸,易于人体吸收利用,发挥强身健体补益保健作用。
目前,三公膏在民间普遍采用传统熬制方法。流传至今的“三公膏”传统熬制工艺,通常将公羊、公狗、公鸡褪毛去内脏后用大锅连续不断熬制5天4夜收膏而成。依据传统工艺,通常50公斤左右的三公(公羊、公狗、公鸡)原料,熬制成膏后能得到1.5公斤左右成品。三公膏的传统熬煮工艺,不仅耗时长产率低,所得三公膏中脂肪含量也较高,易变质难保存。
本发明将通过酶解技术,改进传统熬煮工艺制备三公膏,优点在于产品生产周期显著缩短,得率大幅提高,其具活性的多肽含量可达40%,喷雾干燥的收膏方法可得到粉状分散固体,方便后续产品加工使用。从目前已公开的文献和专利来看,未发现与本发明相同的三公膏制备方法。
发明内容
本发明所需要解决的技术问题是,改进传统三公膏熬煮制备工艺,发明不仅提供一种三公膏的酶解制备方法,缩短制备时间,提高产率,而且所制备的三公膏营养保健价值更高、更易被人体吸收、改善口感。
本发明主要通过以下技术方案实现:
1、将健壮成年的公羊、公狗、公鸡,煺毛去内脏、剁碎成块状,按照公羊肉:公狗肉:公鸡肉质量比为2:2:1混合,加入3-5倍量左右水,高压锅(压力范围0.1~0.12Mpa,这时锅内温度120~125°C)内蒸煮至骨酥脆,一般耗时4~5h,容易地研磨或搅拌使骨肉成糊状;
2、将上述1所得糊状物,于45~55°C恒温,加入底物质量1%的双酶(木瓜蛋白酶:胰蛋白酶质量比3:1),双酶水解2~4h,酶解过程中适当搅拌,得酶解液;
3、将上述2所得酶解液500~800目过滤后,滤液4000rpm离心15分钟,若澄明度不够,可以再次离心,弃去上层油层和下层沉渣,得中间清液;
4、将上述3所得清液加热浓缩,收膏至稠膏,加入冰糖、黄酒等改善产品色泽、气味、口感、成型性等的辅料,继续搅拌浓缩至“挂旗”,出锅冷却凝固切块即得;或者加热浓缩至原体积1/4~1/3,加入冰糖、黄酒等改善产品色泽、气味、口感、成型性等的辅料,喷雾干燥即得。
所得三公膏产品可以是传统的膏体,类似阿胶样,保持原有使用习惯,也可以采用现代工艺制成分散的粉末样,便于后续加工使用。
下面是发明过程中的一些实验数据对本发明的支撑,但不作为对本发明的限制:
1、不同酶解时间的三公膏得率
根据发明方案,按比例称取四份等质量的公羊、公狗、公鸡肉,高压锅煮至骨酥脆后,搅拌成糊状,于50℃恒温,加入木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶双酶水解,四份试样分别酶解,酶解结束后,过滤离心,取中间层清液煮沸浓缩至稠膏,最后收膏即成,三公膏得率见表1:
表1 不同酶解时间的三公膏得率
酶解时间 | 2h | 2.5h | 3.0h | 3.5h |
公鸡肉(g) | 41.7 | 41.8 | 40.8 | 40.5 |
公羊肉(g) | 83.4 | 83.3 | 80.2 | 81.2 |
公狗肉(g) | 83.5 | 83.1 | 80.5 | 81.3 |
成膏重(g) | 21.4 | 26.2 | 32.3 | 31.3 |
三公膏得率(%) | 10.3 | 12.6 | 16.0 | 15.4 |
2、不同酶解时间的三公膏多肽含量
利用三氯乙酸沉淀样品中未酶解的大分子蛋白质,经离心分离后,在上清液中加入双缩脲试剂,于540nm处测定其吸光度值(A),根据标准曲线计算出样品中的多肽含量。用Gly~Gly~Tyr~Arg四肽标准品配制标准溶液,并绘制标准曲线。测定酶解2h、2.5h、3h、3.5h及传统熬制的三公膏样品吸光度并计算样品多肽含量,见表2。
表2 不同酶解时间的三公膏多肽含量
样品 | 传统三公膏 | 三公膏2h | 三公膏2.5h | 三公膏3h | 三公膏3.5h |
吸光度(A) | 0.439 | 0.513 | 1.105 | 1.487 | 1.236 |
多肽含量(%) | 11.90 | 13.91 | 29.99 | 40.36 | 33.55 |
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的说明,但不作为对本发明的限制。
实施例1 按质量比2:2:1取三公原料(公羊、公狗及公鸡肉)共计10kg,洗净,剁成块状,加水30L,高压(压力0.1~0.12Mpa)蒸煮4小时后,搅拌使骨肉糜烂成糊状,置于50°C恒温,加入25g胰蛋白酶和75g木瓜蛋白酶,搅拌酶解3h。酶水解液过滤除去固形物,离心2次以脱脂(上层)除杂(沉渣),将中间层清液加热煮沸浓缩至约10L,加入适量冰糖、黄酒等辅料,喷雾干燥得1.4kg三公膏。
Claims (3)
1.一种酶解法制备三公膏的工艺方法,其特征在于通过以下步骤实现:
A、健壮成年的公羊、公狗、公鸡,煺毛去内脏、剁碎成块状,按照公羊:公狗:公鸡肉质量比2:2:1混合,加入3~5倍质量水,0.1~0.12Mpa压力锅内蒸煮至骨酥脆,研磨或搅拌使成骨粉肉靡糊状;
B、将上述A所得糊状物,于45~55°C恒温,加入底物质量1%的双酶(木瓜蛋白酶:胰蛋白酶质量比3:1),适当搅拌,双酶水解2~4h,得酶解液;
C、将上述B所得酶解液过滤,滤液离心,弃去上层油层和下层沉渣,得中间层清液;
D、将上述C所得中间层清液常规加热煮沸或减压浓缩,收膏即得。
2.权利要求1所述步骤D中,收膏可以采用传统方法:加热浓缩至稠膏,加入冰糖、黄酒等改善产品色泽、气味、口感、成型性等的辅料,继续浓缩至“挂旗”,出锅冷却凝固切块即得。
3.权利要求1所述步骤D中,收膏也可以采用现代方法:加热浓缩至原体积1/4~1/3,加入冰糖、黄酒等改善产品色泽、气味、口感、成型性等的辅料,喷雾干燥即得。
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