CN110613127A - 一种铁皮石斛松真空冷冻生产新方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种铁皮石斛真空冷冻生产新工艺，属于食品加工技术领域；本发明目的在于提供一种真空冷冻生产新工艺，其特征在于根据铁皮石斛自身的生理特性，把预冻时间、真空干燥时间和原料形状作为影响因素进行真空冷冻干燥单因素试验和三因素三水平的正交试验，并对铁皮石斛干燥产品进行了水分含量测定，得出铁皮石斛松真空冷冻干燥生产工艺的最优条件。在极大程度地保持铁皮石斛的营养成分及生理活性的条件下，大大降低能源消耗，降低生产成本，推动了我国铁皮石斛松生产工业化向更高水平迈进。
Description
1.技术领域
本发明属于食品领域，具体是指一种铁皮石斛松真空冷冻生产新方法。
2.背景技术
铁皮石斛富含石斛碱和多糖，是我国一种非常名贵的药食两用的中药材，具有清热解毒、滋阴养血，生津益胃、增智安神之功效，并被道家养生经典《道藏》誉为中华九大仙草之首。
铁皮石斛传统的加工方法通常有两种：一是将鲜铁皮石斛的茎切成段烘干，二是将鲜铁皮石斛茎段边加热边扭成螺旋状或弹簧状后烘干，称“铁皮枫斗”。都是采用普通干燥方法，其成品细胞壁皱缩后坚硬，食用时需久煎2个小时以上才能使其破壁，而且有效成分大量流失，口感差。
CN104435742A公开了一种铁皮石斛冻干条加工方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：(1)预处理：选取粗细适中石斛鲜条，放入一定浓度和温度的碳酸钠水溶液中浸泡，取出后再人工去皮，清水冲洗沥干，切成小段，后打孔；(2)冻结：采用速冻低温冰柜冻结，根据物料的多少决定冻结的时间，设定温度在-30℃以下，时间保持在2～5小时，确保完全冻透(冻结温度控制在-25℃以下)；(3)真空冷冻干燥：将冻结的石斛条快速均匀平铺，迅速移入干燥室内启动真空泵，压力一般达到1～20Pa，冷阱温度达到-40～-75℃，对隔板采用分段加温干燥的方法，使隔板温度从-30℃逐步上升到30℃，每个温度段干燥时间为1～15小时，石斛条的多少和薄厚程度决定真空干燥总的时间，石斛条经干燥后残留水分在12％至5％。该方法存在冻结干燥时间长，耗费能源大，且干燥效果差等问题。
CN102302680B公开了一种铁皮石斛全成分保留加工方法，所述方法包括(1)药材的初步加工、(2)真空冷冻干燥、(3)普通粉体制备、(4)超微粉制备、(5)超微粉颗粒制备等五个步骤，其中真空冷冻干燥又包括三个过程：预冻过程、升华干燥过程和解析干燥过程。该方法也存在冷冻干燥时间长，耗费能源大等问题。
CN106421414A公开了一种铁皮石斛冻干粉的制备工艺，其特征先将原料粉碎打浆，-18℃---20℃预冻过夜，后进行16-22h冷冻干燥，再升华12-18h后进行粉碎。该方法同样存在时间长，耗费能源大等问题。
本发明是为解决现有对铁皮石斛松真空冷冻生产方法中高能源消耗、干燥效果差等问题；提供了一种铁皮石斛松真空冷冻生产新方法，该生产方法加工铁皮石斛，具有产品含水量低，能最好地保存铁皮石斛的色、香、味、形及有效成分；复水后更加接近新鲜品、避免产品表面硬化、营养损失少、保质期长等优点。并且大幅度降低能源消耗，开创出一条用物理方法降低能源消耗的新途径。该研究节能效果显著，推动了我国铁皮石斛松生产工业化向更高水平迈进。
3.发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种铁皮石斛松真空冷冻生产新方法，该生产方法根据铁皮石斛自身的生理特性，把预冻时间、真空干燥时间和原料形状作为影响因素进行真空冷冻干燥单因素试验和三因素三水平的正交试验，并对铁皮石斛干燥产品进行了水分含量测定，得出铁皮石斛松真空冷冻干燥生产工艺的最优条件。在极大程度地保持铁皮石斛的营养成分及生理活性的条件下，大大降低能源消耗，降低生产成本，推动了我国铁皮石斛松生产工业化向更高水平迈进。
本发明的技术方案：
(1)称取1.0kg鲜铁皮石斛条，将表面的杂质清洗干净；(2)将清洗好的铁皮石斛切成5cm左右的段状，然后经辊压预处理后进入成丝机中，撕裂成均匀的中纤维状；(3)将中纤维状原料铺平放入盘子中，放入冷冻室预冻2h；(4)预冻完之后，进行真空冷冻升华干燥(空冷冻干燥机设定的加热板温度为40℃，冷阱温度为-60℃)24h；(5)干燥完成后取出称重、包装即为成品。
本发明的有益效果：采用真空冷冻干燥技术加工铁皮石斛，其产品具有含水量低，能最好地保存铁皮石斛的色、香、味、形及有效成分；复水后更加接近新鲜品、避免产品表面硬化、营养损失少、保质期长等优点，显著优于传统的热干燥法。优化的铁皮石斛松真空冷冻生产新方法通过改变原料形状及真空冷冻干燥工艺条件大大降低了能源消耗，降低生产成本，推动了我国铁皮石斛松生产工业化向更高水平迈进。当采用自行设计制造的成丝机组(实用新型专利号：ZL93214006.8)将铁皮石斛均匀地撕成纤维丝状后，在相同条件下只需24h真空冷冻干燥就得到了水分含量低于4％的铁皮石斛松冻干品，该产品细脆蓬松，即可直接食用，也可以包装成袋泡铁皮石斛茶饮用，有效成分能快速溶出；也可以粉碎至粉状，用温水冲泡即成铁皮石斛汁饮料，其色、香、味可与鲜榨铁皮石斛汁媲美。
4.具体实施方式
实施例：铁皮石斛松真空冷冻生产新方法：
(1)称取1.0kg鲜铁皮石斛条，将表面的杂质清洗干净；(2)将清洗好的铁皮石斛切成5cm左右的段状，然后经辊压预处理后进入成丝机中，撕裂成均匀的中纤维状；(3)将中纤维状原料铺平放入盘子中，放入冷冻室预冻2h；(4)预冻完之后，进行真空冷冻升华干燥(真空冷冻干燥机设定的加热板温度为40℃，冷阱温度为-60℃)24h；(5)干燥完成后取出称重、包装即为成品。
Claims (1)
1.一种铁皮石斛松真空冷冻生产新方法，其特征在于：
(1)称取1.0kg鲜铁皮石斛条，将表面的杂质清洗干净；
(2)将清洗好的铁皮石斛切成5cm左右的段状，然后经辊压预处理后进入成丝机中，撕裂成均匀的中纤维状；
(3)将中纤维状原料铺平放入盘子中，放入冷冻室预冻2h；
(4)预冻完之后，进行真空冷冻升华干燥(真空冷冻干燥机设定的加热板温度为40℃，冷阱温度为-60℃)24h；
(5)干燥完成后取出称重、包装即为成品。
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111707063A (zh) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-09-25 | 湖北科技学院 | 一种真空冷冻干燥桂花的方法 |
| CN111990391A (zh) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-11-27 | 浙江物产长乐创龄生物科技有限公司 | 一种铁皮石斛真空冷冻干燥加工方法 |
| CN114963745A (zh) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-08-30 | 舟山市食品药品检验检测研究院 | 一种浙江产铁皮石斛优化加工工艺 |
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- 2019-09-30 CN CN201910992111.8A patent/CN110613127A/zh active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111707063A (zh) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-09-25 | 湖北科技学院 | 一种真空冷冻干燥桂花的方法 |
| CN111990391A (zh) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-11-27 | 浙江物产长乐创龄生物科技有限公司 | 一种铁皮石斛真空冷冻干燥加工方法 |
| CN114963745A (zh) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-08-30 | 舟山市食品药品检验检测研究院 | 一种浙江产铁皮石斛优化加工工艺 |
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Application publication date: 20191227 |