CN110607520A - 无电镀铜组合物和用于在基材上无电镀铜的方法 - Google Patents
无电镀铜组合物和用于在基材上无电镀铜的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110607520A CN110607520A CN201910468430.9A CN201910468430A CN110607520A CN 110607520 A CN110607520 A CN 110607520A CN 201910468430 A CN201910468430 A CN 201910468430A CN 110607520 A CN110607520 A CN 110607520A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- electroless copper
- copper plating
- composition
- plating
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 196
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 196
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 196
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 95
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- -1 pyridinium compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical class C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical group [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011006 sodium potassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical class OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001469 hydantoins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940053195 antiepileptics hydantoin derivative Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- HJMZMZRCABDKKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonocyanidic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C#N HJMZMZRCABDKKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940074439 potassium sodium tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical class O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- OCUCCJIRFHNWBP-IYEMJOQQSA-L Copper gluconate Chemical class [Cu+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O OCUCCJIRFHNWBP-IYEMJOQQSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ABBQHOQBGMUPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium salicylate Chemical compound [Na+].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O ABBQHOQBGMUPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical class B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydantoin Chemical compound O=C1CNC(=O)N1 WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940091173 hydantoin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004025 sodium salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 20
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229960000789 guanidine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 8
- PJJJBBJSCAKJQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].NC(N)=[NH2+] PJJJBBJSCAKJQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- DFOUTGGPUPHEMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyridin-1-ium-4-ylpyridine;chloride Chemical compound Cl.N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC=C1 DFOUTGGPUPHEMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- RJTANRZEWTUVMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound [B].CNC RJTANRZEWTUVMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012776 electronic material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- POKOASTYJWUQJG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butylpyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 POKOASTYJWUQJG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- QNYGQGNCBRKGJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,2-dicarboxyethyldisulfanyl)butanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)SSC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O QNYGQGNCBRKGJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- SJCDYZGKKDQMAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-pyridin-1-ium-1-ylpropane-1-sulfonic acid;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].OS(=O)(=O)CCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 SJCDYZGKKDQMAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101100352919 Caenorhabditis elegans ppm-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RHYBFKMFHLPQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylhydantoin Chemical compound CN1CC(=O)NC1=O RHYBFKMFHLPQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 4
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZMLDXWLZKKZVSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium tin Chemical compound [Pd].[Sn] ZMLDXWLZKKZVSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000012974 tin catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001476 sodium potassium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001433 sodium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960002167 sodium tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000011004 sodium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- RFTORHYUCZJHDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CN1CC(=O)N(C)C1=O RFTORHYUCZJHDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YQUVCSBJEUQKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 YQUVCSBJEUQKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCLSOMLVSHPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-carboxyethyldisulfanyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCSSCCC(O)=O YCLSOMLVSHPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIROYDNZEPTFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-Dimethylhydantoin Chemical compound CC1(C)NC(=O)NC1=O YIROYDNZEPTFOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N guaiacol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1O LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003892 tartrate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOGGUFAVLNCTRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapotassium;iron(2+);hexacyanide Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] XOGGUFAVLNCTRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVZICZIVKIMRNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodiacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CSCC(O)=O UVZICZIVKIMRNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004764 thiosulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006163 vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
稳定的无电镀铜浴包括吡啶鎓化合物,以提高在基材上的铜沉积速率。来自无电镀浴的铜可以在低温和高镀速下进行镀敷。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及无电镀铜组合物和用于在基材上无电镀铜的方法,其中无电镀铜在低温下具有高的无电镀铜速率,并且无电镀铜组合物是稳定的。更具体地,本发明涉及无电镀铜组合物和用于在基材上无电镀铜的方法,其中无电镀铜在低温下具有高的无电镀铜速率,并且无电镀铜组合物是稳定的,并且其中无电镀铜组合物包含吡啶鎓化合物或其盐。
背景技术
无电镀铜浴广泛用于金属化工业中用于在各种类型的基材上沉积铜。例如,在印刷电路板的制造中,无电铜浴用于在通孔壁和电路通道上沉积铜,作为后续电解镀铜的基础。无电镀铜也用于装饰性塑料工业中用于在非导电表面上沉积铜,作为根据需要进一步镀铜、镍、金、银和其他金属的基础。目前商业上使用的无电铜浴含有水溶性二价铜化合物,用于螯合二价铜离子的螯合剂或络合剂,例如罗谢尔盐和乙二胺四乙酸钠盐,还原剂,例如甲醛和甲醛前体或衍生物,以及各种添加剂,以使浴更稳定,调整镀速和改善铜沉积。
然而,应该理解,无电铜浴中的每种组分都对镀层电位有影响,因此必须调节浓度以保持特定成分和操作条件的最理想的镀层电位。影响内部刷镀电压,沉积品质和速率的其他因素包括温度,搅拌程度,上述基本成分的类型和浓度。
在无电镀铜浴中,这些组分被连续消耗,使得浴处于恒定的变化状态,因此必须定期补充消耗的组分。在长时段内控制浴以保持高镀速于基本均匀的铜沉积是非常困难的。通常,等于或大于0.6μm/5min的无电镀铜速率是非常需要的(优选地对于目前的水平镀敷应用需要的)但很难实现,尤其是在低无电镀敷温度下,例如低于40℃。在几个金属更换(metal turnover,MTO)上消耗和补充浴组分也可能导致浴不稳定性,例如,通过副产物的积累导致浴不稳定性。因此,这种浴,特别是那些具有高镀层电位的浴,即高活性浴,往往会变得不稳定并随着使用而自发分解。这种无电铜浴不稳定性可导致沿表面的不均匀或不连续的镀铜。例如,在印刷电路板的制造中,重要的是在通孔壁上无电镀铜,使得壁上的铜沉积基本上连续且均匀,并且铜沉积中的断裂或缝隙最小,优选没有。铜沉积的这种不连续性最终可能导致包括有缺陷的印刷电路板的任何电气设备的功能失常。
为了解决上述稳定性问题,已经将分类在“稳定剂”标签下的各种化学化合物引入无电镀铜浴中。已经用于无电镀铜浴的稳定剂的实例是含硫化合物,例如二硫化物和硫醇。然而,许多稳定剂降低了无电镀铜速率,并且在高浓度下也可以是催化剂毒物,因此降低了镀速或抑制了镀敷并损害了镀浴的性能。低镀速对无电镀铜性能有害。无电镀铜速率也与温度有关,因此当高稳定剂浓度降低速率时,提高镀敷温度可以提高速率。然而,提高操作温度可以通过增加副产物的积累以及通过提高副反应的副产物产生速率来降低无电铜浴的稳定性,从而抵消了增加稳定剂浓度的一些效果。结果,在大多数情况下,所使用的稳定剂的量必须在保持高镀速和在长时段内实现稳定的无电浴之间进行仔细的折衷。
替代性地,“促进剂”添加剂可结合到无电浴配制品中。理想地,促进剂添加剂不影响无电镀浴的稳定性,使得可以在保持浴检查中的稳定性的同时实现较高的镀速;或使得在较低的温度下实现此种相同的镀速,这通常也获得更加稳定的浴。较低的无电镀浴温度(例如通过降低电镀化学物质的被动消耗速率)降低了无电镀浴的成本。此外,由降低工作温度所提供的更加稳定的配制品导致较低的维护需要。最终,降低施镀温度可降低无电镀沉积中内应力的积聚,使得金属化工艺更适于高粘合应用。因此,无电镀铜中的速率加速是降低工作温度,降低铜沉积(如柔性基材上)内部应力和降低金属化总运行成本的关键策略。
因此,需要一种用于无电镀铜浴的添加剂,其能够在低温下进行高速率的无电镀铜,以在基材上提供光亮和均匀的铜沉积。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种无电镀铜组合物,其包含一种或多种铜离子源,一种或多种吡啶鎓化合物,一种或多种络合剂,一种或多种还原剂,和任选地一种或多种pH调节剂,其中所述无电镀铜组合物的pH大于7。
本发明还涉及一种无电镀铜方法,包括:
a)提供包含电介质的基材;
b)将催化剂施加到所述包含电介质的基材上;
c)将无电镀铜组合物施加到所述包含电介质的基材上,其中所述无电镀铜组合物包含一种或多种铜离子源,一种或多种吡啶鎓化合物,一种或多种络合剂,一种或多种还原剂,和任选地一种或多种pH调节剂,其中所述无电镀铜组合物的pH大于7;以及
d)用所述无电镀铜组合物在所述包含电介质的基材上无电镀铜。
吡啶鎓化合物可在低于或等于40℃的低镀敷温度下提高无电镀铜速率。本发明的无电镀铜组合物和方法甚至在低镀敷温度下还能够实现良好的通孔壁覆盖。低镀敷温度降低了通过不希望的副反应或分解发生的无电镀铜组合物添加剂的消耗,从而提供了更稳定的无电镀铜组合物,并降低了无电镀铜工艺的操作成本。
本发明的无电镀铜组合物在吡啶鎓化合物的宽浓度范围内是稳定的。用于吡啶鎓化合物浓缩的宽操作窗口意味着不需要仔细监测吡啶鎓化合物浓度,使得无电镀铜组合物的性能基本上不会改变,无论组合物组分如何被补充和消耗。
具体实施方式
如本说明书通篇所使用的,除非上下文另有明确说明,否则下面给出的缩写具有以下含义:g=克;mg=毫克;mL=毫升;L=升;cm=厘米;mm=毫米;μm=微米;ppm=百万分率=mg/L;℃=摄氏度;g/L =克/升;DI=去离子的;C=碳元素;Pd=钯;Pd(II)=+2氧化态的钯离子;Pd°=相对于其离子态还原为其金属态的钯;wt%=重量百分比;并且Tg=玻璃化转变温度。
除非另有说明,否则所有量均为重量百分比。所有数值范围都是包含的,并且可以按任何顺序组合,除非这种数值范围被限制为加起来最高 100%是合乎逻辑的。
在整个说明书中,术语“镀敷”和“沉积”可互换使用。在整个说明书中,术语“组合物”和“浴”可互换使用。除非在说明书中另外描述为具有取代基,否则术语“烷基”是指仅由碳和氢组成并具有以下通式的有机化学基团:CnH2n+1。术语“平均值”等于样本的平均值。除非另有说明,否则所有量均为重量百分比。所有数值范围都是包含的,并且可以按任何顺序组合,除非这种数值范围被限制为加起来最高100%是合乎逻辑的。
本发明的无电镀铜组合物包括一种或多种铜离子源,一种或多种吡啶鎓化合物,一种或多种络合剂;一种或多种还原剂;水;以及任选地一种或多种pH调节剂,其中无电镀铜组合物的pH值大于7。
优选地,一种或多种吡啶化合物具有下式:
其中R1选自由以下各项组成的组:直链或支链的取代或未取代的(C1- C10)烷基、取代或未取代的(C6-C10)芳基、取代或未取代的(C6-C10)杂环芳香族基团和取代或未取代的苄基,其中取代基选自由羟基、硫酸酯、氨基、酰胺、羰基和羧基组成的组;并且R2选自由以下各项组成的组:氢、羟基、硫酸酯、羰基、羧基、乙烯基、氨基和酰胺。更优选地,R1选自由以下各项组成的组:直链或支链的取代和未取代的(C2-C4)烷基和取代或未取代的C6杂环芳香族基团,其中取代基选自由羟基和硫酸酯组成的组;并且更优选地,R2选自由氢、羟基和硫酸酯组成的组;并且最优选地,R1选自由直链的取代或未取代的(C2-C4)烷基组成的组,其中优选的取代基为硫酸酯;并且最优选地,R2为氢。优选地,具有式(I)的吡啶鎓化合物包含抗衡阴离子以中和吡啶鎓化合物的正电荷。
优选地,上述吡啶鎓化合物为氢氧化物盐、硫酸盐、四氟硼酸盐、六氟磷酸盐、硝酸盐、甲酸盐、乙酸盐、酒石酸盐或卤盐,其中卤素选自由氯化物、溴化物、氟化物和碘化物组成的组。更优选地,该盐为卤盐,选自由以下组成的组:氯化物和溴化物,最优选地,卤盐是氯化物。本发明的三种优选的吡啶鎓化合物的实例为盐1-丁基吡啶鎓氯化物和1-(3-磺丙基)吡啶鎓氢氧化物内盐(还称为1-(3-磺丙基)吡啶鎓)和1-(4-吡啶基)吡啶鎓氯化物。
以0.5ppm或更大,优选地从1ppm至50ppm、更优选地从2ppm至 30ppm、甚至更优选地从2.5ppm至20ppm、最优选地从5ppm至20ppm 的量包含本发明的吡啶鎓化合物。
铜离子和抗衡阴离子的来源包括但不限于水溶性卤化物、硝酸盐、乙酸盐、硫酸盐和铜的其他有机和无机盐。一种或多种这种铜盐的混合物可用于提供铜离子。实例是硫酸铜如五水合硫酸铜,氯化铜,硝酸铜,氢氧化铜和氨基磺酸铜。优选地,本发明的无电镀铜组合物中的一种或多种铜离子源的范围为0.5g/L至30g/L,更优选为1g/L至25g/L,甚至更优选为5g/L至20g/L,进一步优选为5g/L至15g/L,最优选为10g/L至15 g/L。
络合剂包括但不限于酒石酸钾钠,酒石酸钠,水杨酸钠,乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)的钠盐,氮川乙酸及其碱金属盐,葡萄糖酸,葡萄糖酸盐,三乙醇胺,改性乙二胺四乙酸,S,S-乙二胺二琥珀酸,乙内酰脲和乙内酰脲衍生物。乙内酰脲衍生物包括但不限于1-甲基乙内酰脲、1,3-二甲基乙内酰脲和5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲。优选地,络合剂选自酒石酸钾钠,酒石酸钠,氮川乙酸及其碱金属盐如氮川乙酸的钠盐和钾盐,乙内酰脲和乙内酰脲衍生物中的一种或多种。优选地,EDTA及其盐不包括在本发明的无电镀铜组合物中。更优选地,络合剂选自酒石酸钾钠、酒石酸钠、氮川乙酸、氮川乙酸钠盐和乙内酰脲衍生物。甚至更优选地,络合剂选自酒石酸钾钠、酒石酸钠、1-甲基乙内酰脲、1,3-二甲基乙内酰脲和5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲。进一步优选地,络合剂选自酒石酸钾钠和酒石酸钠。最优选地,络合剂是酒石酸钾钠(罗谢尔盐)。
络合剂以下述量包含在本发明的无电镀铜组合物中:10g/L至150 g/L,优选为20g/L至150g/L,更优选为30g/L至100g/L,甚至更优选为35g/L至80g/L,最优选为35g/l至55g/L。
还原剂包括但不限于醛,例如甲醛,甲醛前体,甲醛衍生物如多聚甲醛,硼氢化物如硼氢化钠,取代的硼氢化物,硼烷如二甲胺硼烷(DMAB),糖如葡萄糖(grape sugar)(葡糖(glucose)),葡萄糖(glucose),山梨糖醇,纤维素,蔗糖,甘露醇和葡糖酸内酯,次磷酸盐及其盐如次磷酸钠,对苯二酚,邻苯二酚,间苯二酚,氢醌,连苯三酚,偏苯三酚,间苯三酚,愈创木酚,没食子酸,乙醛酸,3,4-二羟基苯甲酸,苯酚磺酸,甲酚磺酸,对苯二酚磺酸(hydroquinonsulfonic acid),邻苯二酚磺酸,钛试剂和所有上述还原剂的盐。优选地,还原剂选自甲醛,甲醛衍生物,甲醛前体,硼氢化物和次磷酸盐及其盐,对苯二酚,邻苯二酚,间苯二酚和没食子酸。更优选地,还原剂选自甲醛、甲醛衍生物、甲醛前体和次磷酸钠。最优选地,还原剂是甲醛。
还原剂以下述量包括在本发明的无电镀铜组合物中:0.5g/L至100 g/L,优选为0.5g/L至60g/L,更优选为1g/L至50g/L,甚至更优选为1 g/L至20g/L,进一步优选为1g/L至10g/L,最优选为1g/L至5g/L。
本发明的无电镀铜组合物的pH大于7。优选地,本发明的无电镀铜组合物的pH大于7.5。更优选地,无电镀铜组合物的pH范围为8至14,甚至更优选10至14,进一步优选11至13,最优选12至13。
任选地,但优选地,一种或多种pH调节剂可包括在本发明的无电镀铜组合物中,以将无电镀铜组合物的pH调节至碱性pH。酸和碱可用于调节pH,包括有机和无机酸和碱。优选地,无机酸或无机碱或其混合物用于调节本发明的无电镀铜组合物的pH。适用于无电镀铜组合物的pH的无机酸包括,例如,磷酸、硝酸、硫酸和盐酸。适用于调节无电镀铜组合物的pH的无机碱包含例如氢氧化铵、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾和氢氧化锂。优选地,使用氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾或其混合物来调节无电镀铜组合物的pH,最优选地,使用氢氧化钠来调节本发明的无电镀铜组合物的pH。
任选地,但优选地,一种或多种稳定剂可包括在本发明的无电镀铜组合物中。稳定剂包括但不限于2,2’-联吡啶和衍生物,4,4’-联吡啶,菲咯啉和菲咯啉衍生物,硫代苹果酸,2,2’-二硫代二琥珀酸,巯基琥珀酸,半胱氨酸,蛋氨酸,硫堇,硫脲,苯并噻唑,巯基苯并噻唑,2,2’-硫代二乙酸, 3,3’-硫代二丙酸,3,3’-二硫代二丙酸,硫代硫酸盐和二醇如聚丙二醇和聚乙二醇。
这种任选的稳定剂以下述量包括在本发明的无电镀铜组合物中:0.1 ppm至20ppm,优选0.5ppm至10ppm,更优选0.5ppm至5ppm,最优选0.5ppm至2ppm。
任选地,但优选地,一种或多种辅助促进剂可包括在本发明的无电镀铜组合物中。这种促进剂包括但不限于若干游离氮碱如胍,胍衍生物如盐酸胍,吡啶和吡啶衍生物如氨基吡啶,二烷基胺和三烷基胺如三甲胺和三乙胺,N,N,N′,N′-四(2-羟丙基)乙二胺和乙二胺四乙酸,和镍(II)盐如硫酸镍 (II)。优选的辅助促进剂的实例是盐酸胍。
可以下述量包括这种促进剂:0.1ppm至500ppm,优选0.2至15ppm,更优选0.3ppm至10ppm,最优选0.3ppm至5ppm。
任选地,一种或多种表面活性剂可包括在本发明的无电镀铜组合物中。这种表面活性剂包括离子表面活性剂,如阳离子和阴离子表面活性剂,非离子和两性表面活性剂。也可以使用表面活性剂的混合物。表面活性剂可以0.001g/L至50g/L的量,优选0.01g/L至50g/L的量包括在组合物中。
阳离子表面活性剂包括但不限于四烷基卤化铵、烷基三甲基卤化铵、羟乙基烷基咪唑啉、烷基咪唑鎓、卤化烷基苯甲烃铵(alkylbenzalkonium halide)、烷基胺乙酸盐、烷基胺油酸盐和烷基氨基乙基甘氨酸。
阴离子表面活性剂包括但不限于烷基苯磺酸盐、烷基或烷氧基萘磺酸盐、烷基二苯基醚磺酸盐、烷基醚磺酸盐、烷基硫酸酯、聚氧乙烯烷基醚硫酸酯、聚氧乙烯烷基酚醚硫酸酯、高级醇磷酸单酯、聚氧化烯烷基醚磷酸(磷酸盐)和烷基磺基琥珀酸盐。
两性表面活性剂包括但不限于2-烷基-N-羧甲基或乙基-N-羟乙基或甲基咪唑鎓甜菜碱,2-烷基-N-羧甲基或乙基-N-羧甲氧基乙基咪唑鎓甜菜碱,二甲基烷基甜菜碱,N-烷基-β-氨基丙酸或其盐,和脂肪酸酰胺丙基二甲基氨基乙酸甜菜碱。
优选地,表面活性剂是非离子的。非离子表面活性剂包括但不限于烷基苯氧基聚乙氧基乙醇,具有20至150个重复单元的聚氧乙烯聚合物和聚氧乙烯与聚氧丙烯的无规和嵌段共聚物,以及多胺如聚烯丙基胺。
任选地,一种或多种晶粒细化剂可包括在本发明的无电镀铜组合物中。晶粒细化剂包括但不限于氰化物和含氰化物的无机盐如亚铁氰化钾, 2-巯基苯并噻唑,2,2’-联吡啶和2,2’-联吡啶衍生物,1,10-菲咯啉和1,10-菲咯啉衍生物,钒氧化物如偏钒酸钠,和镍盐如硫酸镍(II)。以本领域普通技术人员所熟知的量包括晶粒细化剂。
优选地,本发明的无电镀铜组合物由以下各项组成:一种或多种铜离子源(包含对应的阴离子)、一种或多种具有式(I)的吡啶鎓化合物或其盐、一种或多种复合剂、一种或多种还原剂、水、任选地一种或多种pH调节剂、任选地一种或多种稳定剂、任选地一种或多种助促进剂、任选地一种或多种表面活性剂以及任选地一种或多种晶粒细化剂,其中无电镀铜组合物的pH为10-14。
更优选地,本发明的无电镀铜组合物由以下各项组成:一种或多种铜离子源(包含对应的阴离子)、一种或多种具有式(I)的吡啶鎓化合物或其盐(其中该盐选自由氢氧化物、氯化物和溴化物盐组成的组)、一种或多种复合剂、一种或多种还原剂、水、一种或多种pH调节剂、一种或多种稳定剂、可选地一种或多种助促进剂、可选地一种或多种表面活性剂以及可选地一种或多种晶粒细化剂,其中无电镀铜组合物的pH为11-13。
最优选地,本发明的无电镀铜组合物由以下各项组成:一种或多种铜离子源(包含对应的阴离子)、一种或多种吡啶鎓化合物(其选自由氯化1- 丁基吡啶鎓、1-(3-磺丙基)吡啶鎓氢氧化物和1-(4-吡啶基)吡啶鎓氯化物组成的组)、一种或多种复合剂、一种或多种还原剂、水、一种或多种pH调节剂、一种或多种稳定剂、可选地一种或多种助促进剂、可选地一种或多种表面活性剂以及可选地一种或多种晶粒细化剂,其中无电镀铜组合物的 pH为12-13。
本发明的无电铜组合物和方法可用于在各种基材上无电镀铜,例如电介质、半导体、金属包覆和未包覆的基材如印刷电路板。这种金属包覆和未包覆的印刷电路板可包括热固性树脂,热塑性树脂及其组合,包括纤维如玻璃纤维,前述的浸渍实施例。优选地,基材是具有多个通孔的金属包覆的印刷电路或布线板、穿孔(via)或其组合。本发明的无电镀铜组合物和方法可用于制造印刷电路板的水平和垂直过程二者,优选地,本发明的无电镀铜组合物和方法用于水平过程。
热塑性树脂包括但不限于缩醛树脂,丙烯酸类如丙烯酸甲酯,纤维素树脂如乙酸乙酯,丙酸纤维素,乙酸丁酸纤维素和硝酸纤维素,聚醚,尼龙,聚乙烯,聚苯乙烯,苯乙烯共混物如丙烯腈苯乙烯和共聚物和丙烯腈 -丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物,聚碳酸酯,聚三氟氯乙烯,和乙烯基聚合物和共聚物如乙酸乙烯酯,乙烯醇,乙烯醇缩丁醛,氯乙烯,氯乙烯-乙酸酯共聚物,偏二氯乙烯和乙烯醇缩甲醛。
热固性树脂包括但不限于邻苯二甲酸烯丙酯,呋喃,三聚氰胺-甲醛,苯酚-甲醛和苯酚-糠醛共聚物,单独或混合有丁二烯丙烯腈共聚物或丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物,聚丙烯酸酯,硅氧烷,脲甲醛,环氧树脂,烯丙基树脂,邻苯二甲酸甘油酯和聚酯。
本发明的无电镀铜组合物和方法可用于具有低和高Tg树脂的无电镀铜基材。低Tg树脂的Tg低于160℃,高Tg树脂的Tg为160℃及以上。通常,高Tg树脂的Tg为160℃至280℃,或例如170℃至240℃。高Tg聚合物树脂包括但不限于聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)和聚四氟乙烯共混物。这种共混物包括例如PTFE与聚亚苯基氧化物和氰酸酯。包括具有高Tg的树脂的其他种类的聚合物树脂包括但不限于环氧树脂,例如双官能和多官能环氧树脂,双马来酰亚胺/三嗪和环氧树脂(BT环氧),环氧/聚亚苯基氧化物树脂,丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯,聚碳酸酯(PC),聚亚苯基氧化物(PPO),聚苯醚(PPE),聚苯硫醚(PPS),聚砜(PS),聚酰胺,聚酯如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT),聚醚酮(PEEK),液晶聚合物,聚氨酯,聚醚酰亚胺,环氧化物及其复合物。
在使用本发明的无电铜组合物的无电镀铜方法中,任选地,将基材清洁或脱脂,任选地,粗糙化或微粗糙化,任选地,将基材蚀刻或微蚀刻,任选地,将溶剂溶胀施加到基材上,对通孔进行去污,并且可任选地使用各种漂洗和抗变色处理。
优选地,用本发明的无电镀铜组合物和方法进行无电镀铜的基材是具有介电材料的金属包覆基材和多个通孔,例如印刷电路板。任选地,用水冲洗板并将其清洁和脱脂,然后对通孔壁进行去污。准备或软化电介质或对通孔去污可以通过施加溶剂溶胀开始。尽管优选的是,无电镀铜的方法是用于镀敷通孔壁,但是可以设想,无电镀铜的方法也可以用于过孔(via) 的无电镀铜壁。
可以使用常规的溶剂溶胀。具体类型可以根据介电材料的类型而变化。可以进行小的实验以确定哪种溶剂溶胀适合于特定的介电材料。电介质的Tg通常决定了所使用的溶剂溶胀的类型。溶剂溶胀包括但不限于乙二醇醚及其相关的醚乙酸酯。可以使用本领域技术人员熟知的常规量的二醇醚及其相关的醚乙酸酯。市售溶剂溶胀的实例是CIRCUPOSITTM调理剂 3302A、CIRCUPOSITTMHole Prep 3303和CIRCUPOSITTMHole Prep 4120 溶液(可从陶氏化学公司(Dow Electronic Materials)获得)。
溶剂溶胀后,任选地,可以施加助剂。可以使用常规助剂。这种助剂包括硫酸、铬酸、碱性高锰酸盐或等离子体蚀刻。优选使用碱性高锰酸盐作为助剂。市售助剂的实例是CIRCUPOSITTM助剂4130和CIRCUPOSITTM MLB助剂3308溶液(可从陶氏化学公司(DowElectronic Materials)获得)。任选地,用水冲洗基材和通孔。
如果使用助剂,则应用中和剂以中和助剂留下的任何残留物。可以使用常规的中和剂。优选地,中和剂是含有一种或多种胺的酸性水溶液或 3wt%过氧化氢和3wt%硫酸的溶液。市售中和剂的实例是CIRCUPOSITTM MLB中和剂216-5。任选地,用水冲洗基材和通孔,然后干燥。
中和后施加酸或碱性调理剂。可以使用常规的调理剂。这种调理剂可包括一种或多种阳离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、络合剂和pH调节剂或缓冲剂。市售酸调理剂的实例是CIRCUPOSITTM调理剂3320A和 3327溶液(可从陶氏化学公司(Dow AdvancedMaterials)获得)。合适的碱性调理剂包括但不限于含有一种或多种季胺和多胺的含水碱性表面活性剂溶液。市售碱性表面活性剂的实例是CIRCUPOSITTM调理剂231、 3325、813和860配制品(可从陶氏化学公司(Dow Electronic Materials) 获得)。任选地,用水冲洗基材和通孔。
任选地,可以在调理之后进行微蚀刻。可以使用常规的微蚀刻组合物。设计微蚀刻以在暴露的金属(例如内层和表面蚀刻)上清洁和提供微粗糙的金属表面,以增强无电镀铜和随后的电镀的后续粘附。微蚀刻包括但不限于60g/L至120g/L过硫酸钠或氧基单过硫酸(oxymonopersulfate)钠或钾和硫酸(2%)混合物,或通用硫酸/过氧化氢。市售微蚀刻组合物的实例是CIRCUPOSITTMMicroetch 3330蚀刻溶液和PREPOSITTM748蚀刻溶液(均可从陶氏化学公司(Dow Electronic Materials)获得)。任选地,用水冲洗基材。
任选地,然后可以将预浸料施加到微蚀刻的基材和通孔。预浸料的实例包括但不限于有机盐,例如酒石酸钾钠或柠檬酸钠,0.5%至3%硫酸或硝酸或25g/L至75g/L氯化钠的酸性溶液。可商购预浸液的实例为酸性 Pre-Dip CIRCUPOSITTM6520溶液。
然后将催化剂施加到基材上。虽然可以设想可以使用任何包括催化金属的适用于无电镀金属的常规催化剂,但优选地,在本发明的方法中使用钯催化剂。催化剂可以是非离子钯催化剂,例如胶体钯-锡催化剂,或催化剂可以是离子钯。如果催化剂是胶体钯-锡催化剂,则进行加速步骤以从催化剂中剥离锡并暴露钯金属以进行无电镀铜。如果催化剂是胶体钯-锡催化剂,则在催化剂吸附后进行加速步骤,例如,通过使用盐酸,硫酸或四氟硼酸作为促进剂以0.5-10%在水中进行加速以从催化剂中剥离锡并暴露钯金属,从而进行无电镀铜。如果催化剂是离子催化剂,则加速步骤不包括在该方法中,而是在施加离子催化剂之后将还原剂施加到基材上以将离子催化剂的金属离子还原成其金属态,例如将Pd(II)离子还原成Pd°金属。合适的市售胶体钯-锡催化剂的实例是CIRCUPOSITTM3340催化剂和CATAPOSITTM44催化剂(可从陶氏化学公司(Dow Electronic Materials) 获得)。市售钯离子催化剂的实例是CIRCUPOSITTM6530催化剂。催化剂可以通过将基材浸入催化剂溶液中,或通过将催化剂溶液喷涂在基材上,或使用常规设备通过将催化剂溶液雾化在基材上来施加。催化剂可以在室温至80℃,优选30℃至60℃的温度下施加。在施加催化剂之后,任选地用水冲洗基材和通孔。
已知将金属离子还原成金属的常规还原剂可用于将催化剂的金属离子还原成其金属态。这种还原剂包括但不限于二甲胺硼烷(DMAB)、硼氢化钠、抗坏血酸、异抗坏血酸、次磷酸钠、水合肼、甲酸和甲醛。以将基本上所有金属离子还原为金属的量包含还原剂。这种量是本领域技术人员所熟知的。如果催化剂是离子催化剂,则在将催化剂施加到基材上之后和金属化之前施加还原剂。
然后使用本发明的无电镀铜组合物将通孔的基材和壁镀铜。本发明的无电镀铜方法可在40℃或更低的温度下进行。优选地,本发明的无电镀铜方法在室温至40℃的温度下进行,更优选地,无电镀铜在室温至35℃下进行,甚至更优选在30℃至35℃下进行,最优选在30℃至34℃下进行。可以将基材浸入本发明的无电镀铜组合物中,或者可以将无电镀铜组合物喷涂在基材上。本发明的使用本发明的无电镀铜组合物进行无电镀铜的方法在pH大于7的碱性环境中进行。优选地,本发明的无电镀铜方法在大于7.5的pH下进行,更优选地,无电镀铜在8至14,甚至更优选10 至14,更优选11至13,最优选12至13的pH下进行。
优选地,本发明的无电镀铜镀速在低于或等于40℃的温度下等于或大于0.6μm/5min.,更优选地,本发明的无电镀铜镀速在低于或等于35℃的温度下等于或大于0.65μm/5min.,例如0.65μm/5min.至1μm/5min.,甚至更优选地等于或大于0.7μm/5min.,例如0.75μm/5min.至1μm/5min.,或例如0.75μm/5min.至0.8μm/5min.,最优选地,无电镀铜在30℃至34℃的温度下进行。
使用本发明的无电镀铜组合物进行无电镀铜的方法使得能够具有良好的平均背光值,以用于印刷电路板的通孔的无电镀铜。这种平均背光值优选大于或等于4.5,更优选为4.6至5,甚至更优选为4.7至5,最优选为4.8至5。这种高平均背光值使得本发明的使用本发明的无电镀铜组合物进行无电镀铜的方法能够用于商业无电镀铜,其中印刷电路板工业基本上需要4.5和更大的背光值。本发明的无电镀铜金属组合物和方法即使在高镀速下也能在宽浓度范围的吡啶鎓化合物或其盐上实现均匀、光亮的铜沉积。
以下实例不是为了限制本发明的范围,而是为了进一步说明本发明。
实例1
含有吡啶鎓化合物的无电镀铜镀浴的无电镀铜镀速
制备十(10)种无电镀铜镀浴。所有十种浴均包含以下组分:
1. 10g/L五水合硫酸铜
2. 40g/L罗谢尔盐
3. 8g/L氢氧化钠
4. 4g/L甲醛
5. 0.5ppm 2,2’-二硫代二琥珀酸
6.水(余量)
每个浴的pH为13。以表1中所指示的量向九(9)种无电镀组合物中添加以下吡啶鎓化合物中的一种。浴10为对照,其中未添加吡啶鎓化合物。
表1
每种浴用于在NP140材料(南亚,中国台湾)的裸露环氧树脂衬底上镀铜。在无电镀铜之前,首先根据以下工艺处理每种环氧树脂基材:
(1)在40℃下施加调理剂231,持续1.5分钟;
(2)在室温下用去离子水冲洗2分钟;
(3)在室温下施加硝酸预浸料pH=2,持续0.5分钟;
(4)在室温下用去离子水冲洗2分钟;
(5)在40℃下施加100ppm的CIRCUPOSITTM6530离子钯催化剂,持续1分钟;
(6)在室温下用去离子水冲洗1分钟;
(7)在32℃下,施加5g/L硼酸和0.6g/L二甲胺硼烷水溶液,持续1 分钟;以及
(8)在室温下用去离子水冲洗1分钟。
在34℃下进行无电镀铜5分钟。镀速通过在无电镀铜之前使用常规实验室分析天平称量每个基材然后在镀敷之后称量每个基材来确定。然后使用每个基材重量的差异,使用层压板表面积(25cm2)和铜沉积密度(8.92 g/cm3)来计算沉积厚度,并通过除以镀敷时间长度将该值转换为镀速。每个浴的镀速示于表2中。
表2
浴 | 镀速 |
1 | 0.72μm/5min. |
2 | 0.77μm/5min. |
3 | 0.74μm/5min. |
4 | 0.75μm/5min. |
5 | 0.67μm/5min. |
6 | 0.61μm/5min. |
7 | 0.69μm/5min. |
8 | 0.59μm/5min. |
9 | 0.61μm/5min. |
10(对照) | 0.49μm/5min. |
在无电镀铜镀浴中包含1-丁基吡啶鎓氯化物、1-(3-磺丙基)吡啶鎓氢氧化物或1-(4-吡啶基)吡啶鎓氯化物提高了镀速。在2.5ppm、10ppm和 20ppm的浓度下,含有1-丁基吡啶鎓氯化物和1-(3-磺丙基)吡啶鎓氢氧化物的浴的铜沉积在基本上所有环氧树脂衬底上呈现为明亮且均匀的。由含有1-(4-吡啶基)吡啶鎓氯化物的浴电镀的铜表现出明亮和均匀的区域,具有极少粗糙的沉积斑块。从对照浴中镀敷的铜沉积显示出大面积的不规则和粗糙的黑色沉积,其具有较小的光亮沉积区域。
实例2(对比例)
含有吡啶(游离氮碱)的无电镀铜镀浴的无电镀铜镀速
制备三(3)个无电镀铜镀浴。所有三个浴包括以下组分:
1. 10g/L五水合硫酸铜
2. 40g/L罗谢尔盐
3. 8g/L氢氧化钠
4. 4g/L甲醛
5. 0.5ppm 2,2’-二硫代二琥珀酸
6.水(余量)
每个浴的pH为13。以2.5ppm(对比浴1)、10ppm(对比浴2)或 20ppm(对比浴3)的量向浴添加吡啶。
每个浴用于在环氧基材上镀铜。如实例1中所述,在准备无电镀铜电镀时处理环氧树脂基材。在34℃下进行无电镀铜5分钟。随后如实例1中所述的测定镀速。每个浴的镀速示于表3中。
表3
对比浴 | 镀速 |
1 | 0.65μm/5min. |
2 | 0.48μm/5min. |
3 | 0.42μm/5min. |
尽管在2.5ppm下吡啶的镀速高于实例1中的对照,但在较高的浓度 10ppm和20ppm下,镀速下降至低于对照的镀速。吡啶的镀速小于实例 1中无电镀铜浴的镀速。铜沉积具有明亮均匀区域和粗糙阴暗区域的混合物。
实例3
含有吡啶鎓化合物和盐酸胍的无电镀铜镀浴的无电镀铜镀速
制备十四(14)个无电镀铜镀浴。所有十四个浴包括以下组分:
1. 10g/L五水合硫酸铜
2. 40g/L罗谢尔盐
3. 8g/L氢氧化钠
4. 4g/L甲醛
5. 0.5ppm 2,2’-二硫代二琥珀酸
6. 0.36ppm盐酸胍
7.水(余量)
每个浴的pH为13。以表4中所指示的量向十三(13)个无电镀组合物中添加以下吡啶鎓化合物中的一种。浴24为对照,其中未添加吡啶鎓化合物。
表4
每个浴用于在裸露环氧基材上镀铜。如实例1所述,在无电镀铜之前处理每个环氧基材。在34℃下进行无电镀铜5分钟。如上文实例1中所述测定镀速。每个浴的镀速示于表5中。
表5
在无电镀铜镀浴中包含1-丁基吡啶鎓氯化物、1-(3-磺丙基)吡啶鎓氢氧化物或1-(4-吡啶基)吡啶鎓氯化物相比包含盐酸胍的对照提高了镀速。含有1-丁基吡啶鎓氯化物和1-(3-磺丙基)吡啶鎓氢氧化物的浴的铜沉积在基本上所有环氧树脂衬底上呈现为明亮且均匀的。由含有1-(4-吡啶基)吡啶鎓氯化物的浴电镀的铜表现出明亮和均匀的区域,具有极少粗糙的沉积斑块。从对照浴镀敷的铜沉积显示出与较大区域的不规则和粗糙沉积混合的较小区域的光亮沉积。
实例4(对比例)
含有吡啶(游离氮碱)和盐酸胍的无电镀铜镀浴的无电镀铜镀速
制备五(5)个无电镀铜镀浴。所有五个浴包括以下组分:
1. 10g/L五水合硫酸铜
2. 40g/L罗谢尔盐
3. 8g/L氢氧化钠
4. 4g/L甲醛
5. 0.5ppm 2,2’-二硫代二琥珀酸
6. 0.36ppm盐酸胍
7.水(余量)
每个浴的pH为13。以2.5ppm(对比浴4)、5ppm(对比浴5)、10 ppm(对比浴6)、15ppm(对比浴7)或20ppm(对比浴8)的量向浴中添加吡啶。
每个浴用于在环氧基材上镀铜。如实例1中所述,在无电镀铜之前处理环氧树脂基材。在34℃下进行无电镀铜5分钟。如上文实例1中所述测定镀速。每个浴的镀速示于表6中。
表6
对比浴 | 镀速 |
4 | 0.61μm/5min. |
5 | 0.62μm/5min. |
6 | 0.57μm/5min. |
7 | 0.52μm/5min. |
8 | 0.48μm/5min. |
即使与促进剂盐酸胍组合,含有碱吡啶的无电镀铜浴的最高镀速略高于0.60μm/5min。通常,提高无电镀浴中的吡啶浓度显示出无电镀铜镀速降低的趋势。铜沉积具有明亮且均匀的区域,间杂有粗糙阴暗区域。
实例5
含有吡啶鎓化合物的本发明含水碱性无电铜组合物的背光实验
制备本发明的以下含水碱性无电铜组合物,其具有下表7中公开的组分和量。
表7
如使用可从飞世尔科技(Fisher Scientific)获得的常规pH计所测量的,含水碱性无电铜组合物的pH在室温下的pH=13。
提供具有多个通孔的六(6)个不同FR/4玻璃环氧板:TUC-662、 SY-1141、IT-180、370HR、EM825和NPGN。板是八层铜包覆板。TUC-662 获自中国台湾积联科技(Taiwan UnionTechnology),SY-1141获自盛益 (Shengyi)。IT-180获自联茂电子股份有限公司(ITEQCorp.),NPGN获自南亚(NanYa),370HR获自Isola,EM825获自亿利达机械製品有限公司(Elite Materials Corporation)。板的Tg值范围为140℃至180℃。每块板为5cm x 10cm。
如下处理每个板的通孔:
1.在80℃下用CIRCUPOSITTMHole Prep 3303溶液对每块板的通孔去污6分钟;
2.然后用流动的自来水冲洗每个板的通孔2分钟;
3.然后在80℃下用CIRCUPOSITTMMLB Promoter 3308高锰酸盐水溶液处理通孔8分钟;
4.然后将通孔在流动的自来水中冲洗4分钟;
5.然后在室温下用3wt%硫酸/3wt%过氧化氢中和剂处理通孔2分钟;
6.然后用流动的自来水冲洗每个板的通孔2分钟;
7.然后在60℃下用CIRCUPOSITTM调理剂231碱性溶液处理每个板的通孔1.5分钟;
8.然后用流动的自来水冲洗通孔2分钟;
9.然后在室温下用过硫酸钠/硫酸蚀刻溶液处理通孔1分钟;
10.然后用流动的去离子水冲洗每个板的通孔1分钟;
11.然后在室温下将面板浸入酸性Pre-Dip CIRCUPOSITTM6520中持续0.5min.并随后在40℃下浸入CIRCUPOSITTM6530催化剂(其为离子含水碱性钯催化剂浓缩物(可购自陶氏电子材料公司))持续1min.,其中催化剂用足够量的碳酸钠、氢氧化钠或硝酸缓冲以实现9-9.5的催化剂 pH;
12.然后在室温下用流动的去离子水冲洗每个板的通孔1分钟;
13.然后在32℃下将板浸入0.6g/L二甲胺硼烷和5g/L硼酸溶液中 1分钟以将钯离子还原成钯金属
14.然后用流动的去离子水冲洗每个板的通孔1分钟;
15.然后将板浸入表7的无电镀铜组合物中,并将铜在34℃下,在 pH 13下镀敷,并将铜沉积在通孔壁上5分钟;
16.然后用流动的自来水冲洗镀铜板4分钟;
17.然后用压缩空气干燥每个镀铜板;和
18.使用下面描述的背光处理检查板的通孔壁的镀铜覆盖。
每个板在尽可能最接近通孔中心处横切以暴露镀铜壁。从每个面板获取距通孔中心不超过3mm厚的横截面,放置在具有50X放大倍数的常规光学显微镜下,其中光源置于样品后面。铜沉积的品质由显微镜下透过样品的可见光量确定。在镀通孔内,透射光仅在具有不完全无电镀覆盖率的区域可见。如果没有光投射并且该截面看起来完全是黑色的,则在背光量表上评级为5,表示通孔壁的完全铜覆盖。如果光穿过整个区域而没有任何暗区,则表明通孔壁上极少至没有铜金属沉积,并且该截面的评级为0。如果截面具有一些暗区域以及亮区域,则它们的评级在0到5之间。每个板材至少检查10个通孔并对其评级。背光值为4.5和更大表示镀敷工业中的商业上可接受的催化剂。
每种类型的FR/4玻璃环氧板的平均背光值公开在下表中。
表8
总体而言,两个浴示出了极其良好的背光值。
Claims (11)
1.一种无电镀铜组合物,其包含一种或多种铜离子源,一种或多种吡啶鎓化合物,一种或多种络合剂,一种或多种还原剂,和任选地一种或多种pH调节剂,其中所述无电镀铜组合物的pH大于7。
2.如权利要求1所述的无电镀铜组合物,其中所述一种或多种吡啶鎓化合物或其盐的量为至少0.5ppm。
3.如权利要求1所述的无电镀铜组合物,其中所述一种或多种吡啶化合物具有下式:
其中R1选自由以下各项组成的组:直链或支链的取代或未取代的(C1-C10)烷基、取代或未取代的(C6-C10)芳基、取代或未取代的(C6-C10)杂环芳香族基团和取代或未取代的苄基;并且R2选自由以下各项组成的组:氢、羟基、硫酸酯、氨基、羰基、羧基、乙烯基和酰胺。
4.如权利要求1所述的无电镀铜组合物,其中所述一种或多种络合剂选自酒石酸钾钠,酒石酸钠,水杨酸钠,乙二胺四乙酸的钠盐,氮川乙酸及其碱金属盐,葡萄糖酸,葡萄糖酸盐,三乙醇胺,改性乙二胺四乙酸,S,S-乙二胺二琥珀酸,乙内酰脲和乙内酰脲衍生物。
5.如权利要求1所述的无电镀铜组合物,其中所述一种或多种还原剂选自醛、硼氢化物、取代的硼氢化物、硼烷、糖和次磷酸盐。
6.如权利要求1所述的无电镀铜组合物,其还包含一种或多种选自辅助促进剂、晶粒细化剂和稳定剂的化合物。
7.一种无电镀铜方法,其包括:
a)提供包含电介质的基材;
b)将催化剂施加到所述包含电介质的基材上;
c)将无电镀铜组合物施加到所述包含电介质的基材上,其中所述无电镀铜组合物包含一种或多种铜离子源,一种或多种吡啶鎓化合物,一种或多种络合剂,一种或多种还原剂,和任选地一种或多种pH调节剂,其中所述无电镀铜组合物的pH大于7;并且
d)用所述无电镀铜组合物在所述包含电介质的基材上无电镀铜。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述一种或多种吡啶鎓化合物或其盐的量为至少0.5ppm。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述无电镀铜组合物进一步包括一种或多种选自稳定剂和辅助促进剂的化合物。
10.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述无电镀铜组合物处于40℃或更低温度下。
11.如权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述催化剂是钯催化剂。
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US10590541B2 (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2020-03-17 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Electroless copper plating compositions and methods for electroless plating copper on substrates |
KR102173164B1 (ko) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-11-02 | 주식회사 지에스켐텍 | 징케이트 도금액용 혼합 광택제 및 이를 포함하는 징케이트 도금액 |
US20220081776A1 (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2022-03-17 | Macdermid Enthone Inc. | High Elongation Electroless Copper Process |
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2019
- 2019-05-01 US US16/400,381 patent/US20190382901A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-05-31 CN CN201910468430.9A patent/CN110607520B/zh active Active
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- 2019-06-03 JP JP2019103422A patent/JP6814845B2/ja active Active
- 2019-06-07 EP EP19179167.2A patent/EP3581677A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-06-13 KR KR1020190069961A patent/KR20190142237A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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