CN110603944A - Liquid manure medicine integration system - Google Patents
Liquid manure medicine integration system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110603944A CN110603944A CN201911072457.2A CN201911072457A CN110603944A CN 110603944 A CN110603944 A CN 110603944A CN 201911072457 A CN201911072457 A CN 201911072457A CN 110603944 A CN110603944 A CN 110603944A
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- mixing tank
- pesticide
- tank
- upper machine
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000957 no side effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/047—Spraying of liquid fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
- A01M7/0025—Mechanical sprayers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
- A01M7/0089—Regulating or controlling systems
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural irrigation, in particular to a water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated system which comprises a machine loading position, a PLC (programmable logic controller), monitoring equipment, a humidity sensor, a water tank, a pesticide box, a fertilizer box, a water pump, a mixing tank and an irrigation pipeline, wherein the machine loading position is connected with the PLC; the monitoring equipment is electrically connected with the upper machine position through a data line, the monitoring equipment is used for shooting and monitoring the growth state of crops and transmitting the shot pictures or videos to the upper machine position, and an operator of the upper machine position compares and analyzes the pictures or videos uploaded to the upper machine position with the pictures of the normal growth state of the crops; through the cooperation of equipment such as last position, PLC controller, supervisory equipment and blending tank, realized the purpose that liquid manure medicine integration was irrigated, can be more autonomized carry out the medicine spraying fertilization of crops and water, equipment has more options, has certain intelligent function, especially in the aspect of the selection of crop monitoring and pesticide chemical fertilizer, the effectual labour time of having saved is practiced thrift the cost of laying.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural irrigation, in particular to a water, fertilizer and pesticide integrated system.
Background
With the development of scientific technology, the technology in the field of agricultural irrigation is also rapidly developed. Traditional agricultural irrigation mode is simple and crude, and the majority is mainly with manual work to fertilization and irrigation are generally separately gone on, cause the waste of a large amount of water resources and manpower resources, and unable accurate control irrigation volume leads to agricultural production's results effect poor. The development of modern technology changes the traditional irrigation mode, but the intelligent level of an irrigation system is low, and manual auxiliary irrigation is still needed; in addition, the emergence of the large-area planting mode puts higher requirements on agricultural irrigation.
Agricultural irrigation, fertilization and pesticide spraying are the precondition of ensuring the healthy growth of crops and having high yield. In the past, pesticide spraying, fertilizer application and irrigation are usually carried out separately and independently, most of the existing irrigation systems are water and fertilizer integrated devices, and the problem of pesticide spraying is rarely involved. Many plant diseases and insect pests need to be prevented and controlled in the growth process of crops, at the moment, manpower is often consumed for checking on the spot, then targeted pesticide spraying is carried out according to the checking result on the spot, the pesticide spraying, the fertilizer application and the irrigation are separately and independently carried out, the intensive production of agriculture cannot be met, the operation steps are more, and the laying cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated system, which aims to solve the problems of more operation steps and higher laying cost caused by the fact that pesticide spraying, fertilizer application and irrigation are separately and independently carried out.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: the invention relates to a water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated system which comprises a machine loading position, a PLC (programmable logic controller), monitoring equipment, a humidity sensor, a water tank, a pesticide box, a fertilizer box, a water pump, a mixing tank and an irrigation pipeline, wherein the machine loading position is connected with the PLC; the monitoring equipment is electrically connected with the upper machine position through a data line, the monitoring equipment is used for shooting and monitoring the growth state of crops and transmitting the shot pictures or videos to the upper machine position, and an operator of the upper machine position compares and analyzes the pictures or videos uploaded to the upper machine position with the pictures of the normal growth state of the crops to determine whether fertilization is needed or not; the humidity sensor is arranged in soil, the humidity of the soil is detected, the monitored data are transmitted to the upper machine position, and an operator at the upper machine position judges whether watering is needed or not by comparing the data uploaded by the humidity sensor with upper and lower limit parameters preset in the upper machine position; the PLC is electrically connected with the upper machine station and controls the electric elements in the integrated system to work through generating a program instruction; the water pump comprises a water pump 1 and a water pump 2, the water pump 1 is used for pumping water in an external water source into the water tank for storage, the mixing tank comprises a mixing tank 1 and a mixing tank 2, the water tank is respectively connected with the mixing tank 1, the mixing tank 2 and the water pump 2 through three independent water pipes, the mixing tank 1 is connected with a pesticide box through a water pipe, the mixing tank 2 is connected with a fertilizer box and a pesticide box through a water pipe, the mixing tank 1 is used for mixing pesticides in the pesticide box and water in the water tank, the mixing tank 1 is connected with the water pump 2 through a water pipe, the mixing tank 2 is used for mixing pesticides in the pesticide box, water in the water tank and fertilizers in the fertilizer box, the mixing tank 1 and the mixing tank 2 are respectively connected with the water pump 2 through water pipes, electromagnetic valves controlled by a PLC (programmable logic controller) are arranged on the water pipes, the water pump 2 is connected with an irrigation pipeline, the water pump 2 is used for supplying water, irrigation pipe says and irrigates to crops, all is equipped with flowmeter and sensor in water tank, the fertilizer case and the pesticide case, carries out the washing of pipeline in the water suction irrigation pipe way in directly with the water tank through PLC controller control water pump 2, need not arrange two sets of irrigation pipe ways respectively for blending tank 1 and blending tank 2 again, practices thrift the cost of laying.
Preferably, supervisory equipment installs on electric telescopic handle, electric telescopic handle fixes on the irrigation pipe way, and electric telescopic handle is controlled by the PLC controller, and it is flexible through PLC controller control electric telescopic handle to in the distance between supervisory equipment and crops is adjusted.
Preferably, be provided with the filter between water tank and the water pump 1, the filter is sand filter, and organic matter and grit that contain in the water source are more, so utilize sand filter to carry out effectual water source and filter, prevent that organic matter or impurity in the water source from causing the injury to irrigation pipe, reduce the maintenance cost in later stage.
Preferably, a plurality of pressure sensors are arranged in the irrigation pipeline, the pressure sensors are used for detecting the pressure of water flow in the irrigation pipeline, the pressure sensors are arranged in the irrigation pipeline at equal intervals, data of the pressure sensors are transmitted to the machine-up position, and whether the irrigation pipeline is blocked or not is checked through analysis of the data of the pressure sensors.
Preferably, the irrigation line comprises a drip irrigation pipe and a spray irrigation pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated system, the purpose of water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated irrigation is achieved through the cooperation of the upper machine position, the PLC, the monitoring equipment, the mixing tank and other equipment, the pesticide spraying, fertilizing and watering of crops can be carried out more autonomously, the equipment has more options and certain intelligent functions, particularly in the aspects of crop monitoring and pesticide and fertilizer selection, the labor time is effectively saved, and the laying cost is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: the invention relates to a water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated system which comprises a machine loading position, a PLC (programmable logic controller), monitoring equipment, a humidity sensor, a water tank, a pesticide box, a fertilizer box, a water pump, a mixing tank and an irrigation pipeline, wherein the machine loading position is connected with the PLC; the monitoring equipment is electrically connected with the upper machine position through a data line, the monitoring equipment is used for shooting and monitoring the growth state of crops and transmitting the shot pictures or videos to the upper machine position, and an operator of the upper machine position compares and analyzes the pictures or videos uploaded to the upper machine position with the pictures of the normal growth state of the crops to determine whether fertilization is needed or not; the humidity sensor is arranged in soil, the humidity of the soil is detected, the monitored data are transmitted to the upper machine position, and an operator at the upper machine position judges whether watering is needed or not by comparing the data uploaded by the humidity sensor with upper and lower limit parameters preset in the upper machine position; the PLC is electrically connected with the upper machine station and controls the electric elements in the integrated system to work through generating a program instruction; the water pump comprises a water pump 1 and a water pump 2, the water pump 1 is used for pumping water in an external water source into the water tank for storage, the mixing tank comprises a mixing tank 1 and a mixing tank 2, the water tank is respectively connected with the mixing tank 1, the mixing tank 2 and the water pump 2 through three independent water pipes, the mixing tank 1 is connected with a pesticide box through a water pipe, the mixing tank 2 is connected with a fertilizer box and a pesticide box through a water pipe, the mixing tank 1 is used for mixing pesticides in the pesticide box and water in the water tank, the mixing tank 1 is connected with the water pump 2 through a water pipe, the mixing tank 2 is used for mixing pesticides in the pesticide box, water in the water tank and fertilizers in the fertilizer box, the mixing tank 1 and the mixing tank 2 are respectively connected with the water pump 2 through water pipes, electromagnetic valves controlled by a PLC (programmable logic controller) are arranged on the water pipes, the water pump 2 is connected with an irrigation pipeline, the water pump 2 is used for supplying water, the irrigation pipeline irrigates crops, and the water tank, the fertilizer box and the pesticide box are all provided with a flowmeter and a sensor.
As an embodiment of the invention, the monitoring equipment is installed on an electric telescopic rod, the electric telescopic rod is fixed on an irrigation pipeline, the electric telescopic rod is controlled by a PLC, and the electric telescopic rod is controlled by the PLC to extend and retract so as to adjust the distance between the monitoring equipment and crops.
As an embodiment of the invention, a filter is arranged between the water tank and the water pump 1, the filter is a sand filter, and the water source contains more organic matters and sand, so that the sand filter is utilized to effectively filter the water source, the organic matters or impurities in the water source are prevented from damaging the irrigation pipeline, and the later maintenance cost is reduced.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a plurality of pressure sensors are arranged in the irrigation pipeline and used for detecting the pressure of water flow in the irrigation pipeline, the pressure sensors are equidistantly arranged in the irrigation pipeline, the data of the pressure sensors are transmitted to a machine loading position, and whether the irrigation pipeline is blocked or not is checked through analyzing the data of the pressure sensors.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the irrigation line includes a drip irrigation pipe and a spray irrigation pipe.
It should be noted that, according to the relevant agronomic information, the fertilizer and pesticide mixed are not beneficial to the growth of crops, and some mixed fertilizer can reduce the influence of the fertilizer or generate harmful substances to affect the growth of crops; therefore, the related test data of the mixed common pesticide and fertilizer are collected into the computer, and the operator can judge whether the mixed pesticide and fertilizer can reach the standard according to the data, so as to perform the next operation.
The working principle is as follows: firstly, after the crops are determined to be applied with pesticide or applied with fertilizer, if the crops need to be applied with fertilizer and applied with pesticide at the same time, an operator determines the types of the needed pesticides and fertilizers according to the growth status of the crops in the monitoring equipment image, and then analyzes whether the needed pesticides and fertilizers are mixed to generate adverse effects on the growth of the crops or not through data stored by an upper computer; in the first situation, when pesticide and chemical fertilizer are mixed, no side effect is generated on the growth of crops, the upper computer controls to transmit the information to the PLC, the PLC controls the water pump 1 to supply water through a program instruction, the water source is fed into the filter through the water pump 1 to fully filter the water source, after the filtering is finished, the PLC program is used for simultaneously opening electromagnetic valve switches of the water tank, the pesticide box and the fertilizer box, flow meters and sensors are arranged in the water tank, the fertilizer box and the pesticide box, the water, the pesticide and the fertilizer are respectively supplied into the mixing tank 2 according to a certain proportion according to preset parameters, the liquid in the mixing tank is stirred for a period of time through the PLC, after the stirring is finished, the electromagnetic valve switch at the outlet of the mixing tank 2 is opened, and the mixed liquid enters an irrigation pipeline to perform sprinkling irrigation operation on the crops; the second condition, when can produce the side effect to crops growth after pesticide and chemical fertilizer mix, will drip irrigation the operation with the liquid manure earlier, the host computer opens the electromagnetic switch of control water tank and fertilizer case this moment through the PLC controller, enters into blending tank 2 together, carries out a period of stirring, opens the discharge gate electromagnetic valve switch of blending tank after the stirring is abundant, carries out saving type operation through water pump 2 and drip irrigation the pipeline. Then opening electromagnetic valve switches of a pesticide box and a water tank after a period of time, feeding the two raw materials into a mixing tank 1, repeating the steps of water and fertilizer irrigation, and then spraying the pesticide into crops through a water pump 2 and a sprinkling irrigation pipeline; when separate pesticide application is required, the upper computer controls the PLC to send out related instructions, the valves of the pesticide box and the water tank are respectively opened, and then a drip irrigation pipeline/a spray irrigation pipeline is moved according to the pesticide application requirement; for the independent watering operation, the humidity of the soil is detected through a sensor arranged in the soil, the relative data of the machine loading position is returned according to the humidity sensor in the soil, and the relative data is compared with the set upper and lower limit parameters for confirmation, so that whether irrigation is needed or not is judged.
While the invention has been described above with reference to an embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the various features of the embodiments disclosed herein may be used in any combination, provided that there is no structural conflict, and the combinations are not exhaustively described in this specification merely for the sake of brevity and conservation of resources. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a liquid manure medicine integration system which characterized in that: the device comprises a loading position, a PLC (programmable logic controller), monitoring equipment, a humidity sensor, a water tank, a pesticide box, a fertilizer box, a water pump, a mixing tank and an irrigation pipeline; the monitoring equipment is electrically connected with the upper machine position through a data line, the monitoring equipment is used for shooting and monitoring the growth state of crops and transmitting the shot pictures or videos to the upper machine position, and an operator of the upper machine position compares and analyzes the pictures or videos uploaded to the upper machine position with the pictures of the normal growth state of the crops to determine whether fertilization is needed or not; the humidity sensor is arranged in soil, the humidity of the soil is detected, the monitored data are transmitted to the upper machine position, and an operator at the upper machine position judges whether watering is needed or not by comparing the data uploaded by the humidity sensor with upper and lower limit parameters preset in the upper machine position; the PLC is electrically connected with the upper machine station and controls the electric elements in the integrated system to work through generating a program instruction; the water pump comprises a water pump 1 and a water pump 2, the water pump 1 is used for pumping water in an external water source into the water tank for storage, the mixing tank comprises a mixing tank 1 and a mixing tank 2, the water tank is respectively connected with the mixing tank 1, the mixing tank 2 and the water pump 2 through three independent water pipes, the mixing tank 1 is connected with a pesticide box through a water pipe, the mixing tank 2 is connected with a fertilizer box and a pesticide box through a water pipe, the mixing tank 1 is used for mixing pesticides in the pesticide box and water in the water tank, the mixing tank 1 is connected with the water pump 2 through a water pipe, the mixing tank 2 is used for mixing pesticides in the pesticide box, water in the water tank and fertilizers in the fertilizer box, the mixing tank 1 and the mixing tank 2 are respectively connected with the water pump 2 through water pipes, electromagnetic valves controlled by a PLC (programmable logic controller) are arranged on the water pipes, the water pump 2 is connected with an irrigation pipeline, the water pump 2 is used for supplying water, the irrigation pipeline irrigates crops, and the water tank, the fertilizer box and the pesticide box are all provided with a flowmeter and a sensor.
2. The integrated water-fertilizer-pesticide system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the monitoring equipment is installed on the electric telescopic rod, the electric telescopic rod is fixed on the irrigation pipeline, and the electric telescopic rod is controlled by the PLC.
3. The integrated water-fertilizer-pesticide system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a filter is arranged between the water tank and the water pump 1, and the filter is a sand filter.
4. The integrated water-fertilizer-pesticide system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a plurality of pressure sensors are arranged in the irrigation pipeline and used for detecting the pressure of water flow in the irrigation pipeline, the pressure sensors are arranged in the irrigation pipeline at equal intervals, and data of the pressure sensors are transmitted to the upper machine position.
5. The integrated system of claim 4, wherein: the irrigation pipeline comprises a drip irrigation pipeline and a sprinkling irrigation pipeline.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN201911072457.2A CN110603944A (en) | 2019-11-05 | 2019-11-05 | Liquid manure medicine integration system |
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CN201911072457.2A CN110603944A (en) | 2019-11-05 | 2019-11-05 | Liquid manure medicine integration system |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112772367A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-11 | 无锡大道环境科技有限公司 | Proportional mixing multifunctional sprinkling irrigation equipment |
CN113261421A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-08-17 | 浙江天演维真网络科技股份有限公司 | Fruit tree planting management system based on regional chain and Internet of things |
CN113728849A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-12-03 | 苏州惠贝电子科技有限公司 | AI-based water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated experimental greenhouse and operation method thereof |
CN113906987A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-01-11 | 山东华特智慧科技有限公司 | Water, fertilizer and pesticide integrated system and working method |
CN113950926A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-21 | 青岛农业大学 | Intelligent water, fertilizer and pesticide integrated irrigation system and irrigation method thereof |
CN115843584A (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2023-03-28 | 潍坊工程职业学院 | Sprinkling irrigation equipment based on Internet of things control and implementation method thereof |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN112772367A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-11 | 无锡大道环境科技有限公司 | Proportional mixing multifunctional sprinkling irrigation equipment |
CN113261421A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-08-17 | 浙江天演维真网络科技股份有限公司 | Fruit tree planting management system based on regional chain and Internet of things |
CN113728849A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-12-03 | 苏州惠贝电子科技有限公司 | AI-based water-fertilizer-pesticide integrated experimental greenhouse and operation method thereof |
CN113906987A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-01-11 | 山东华特智慧科技有限公司 | Water, fertilizer and pesticide integrated system and working method |
CN113950926A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-01-21 | 青岛农业大学 | Intelligent water, fertilizer and pesticide integrated irrigation system and irrigation method thereof |
CN115843584A (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2023-03-28 | 潍坊工程职业学院 | Sprinkling irrigation equipment based on Internet of things control and implementation method thereof |
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