CN110592778B - 一种基于石墨烯的复合纤维凉席及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种基于石墨烯的复合纤维凉席及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
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- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
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- D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
- D03D15/47—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads multicomponent, e.g. blended yarns or threads
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于石墨烯的复合纤维凉席,采用大麻纤维/玉石纤维为经纱,聚酯纤维/复合纤维为纬纱,其中的复合纤维为氧化石墨烯改性纤维;该复合纤维凉席由如下步骤制成:按照经密160根/10cm,纬密144根/10cm,将经纱和纬纱在编织机上进行编织,将凉席织物经水洗和熨烫粘结定形,得到复合纤维凉席。本发明通过采用大麻纤维/玉石纤维的混纺纱作为经纱,玉石纤维具有冰凉触感以及保健性能;采用聚酯纤维/复合纤维混纺纱作为纬纱,复合纤维经过石墨烯改性后具有良好的力学性能、耐热性能和抑菌性能;编织成的凉席,具有冰凉触感和吸湿、透湿性能,带来较好的使用体验感;具有良好的力学性能、耐热性能和抑菌性能,提高凉席的耐用性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于凉席制备技术领域,具体是涉及一种基于石墨烯的复合纤维凉席及其制备方法。
背景技术
凉席为夏季床上用品,通常以草、竹材料为主进行制备,其制备方法为利用柔性材料(如纱线或线绳)将草、竹筷或竹条等形式的材料,进行编接而成。竹凉席具有导热系数大、表面光滑等优点,但存在硬度大不舒适、吸汗性能差等缺点。草凉席虽然柔软舒适,但其吸湿后强度较低,使用寿命短。无论草席还是竹凉席,由于其折叠方式的限制,收储占用空间较大。因此,采用复合纤维编织而成的凉席,慢慢取代传统的竹、草凉席,发挥越来越重要的作用。
专利号为CN201710659671.2的中国发明专利公开了一种高分子复合纤维凉席及其制备方法,包括席子本体,所述席子本体由经线和纬线编织而成,所述纬线为莫代尔纤维,所述莫代尔纤维是在按重量计的100份莫代尔的熔体中含有50-70份聚乳酸、20-30份锦纶、1-5份阻燃剂、3-5份交联剂、2-5份碳酸钙以及5-10份二氧化硅;所述纬线是将莫代尔纤维和聚乳酸纤维、锦纶纤维混合在一起,制得的高分子复合纤维凉席具有阻燃性、耐磨损性以及舒适度。但该加工过程存在加工繁琐的问题,并且掺入了较多的高分子合成纤维,在环保、透气透湿性方面有所欠缺。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于石墨烯的复合纤维凉席及其制备方法,通过采用大麻纤维/玉石纤维的混纺纱作为凉席经纱,玉石纤维具有冰凉触感以及保健性能,大麻纤维为天然纤维,具有优异的吸湿、透湿性能,从而经纱具备良好的吸湿、透湿性能,并具备冰凉触感和保健性能;采用大麻纤维/复合纤维混纺纱作为凉席的纬纱,复合纤维具有良好的力学性能、耐热性能和抑菌性能;将该经纱和纬纱编织成的凉席,一方面,具有冰凉触感和吸湿、透湿性能,带来较好的使用体验感;另一方面,具有良好的力学性能、耐热性能和抑菌性能,能够延长凉席的使用寿命、提高凉席的耐用性。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种基于石墨烯的复合纤维凉席,采用46tex大麻纤维/玉石纤维混纺纱为经纱,58tex聚酯纤维/复合纤维混纺纱为纬纱;
该复合纤维凉席由如下步骤制成:
第一步、将大麻纤维和玉石纤维按照55:45的混纺比,经梳理和牵伸加捻得到经纱;
第二步、将聚酯纤维和复合纤维按照50:50的混纺比,经梳理和牵伸加捻得到经纱;
第三步、按照经密160根/10cm,纬密144根/10cm,将经纱和纬纱在编织机上进行编织,得到复合纤维凉席织物;
第四步、将复合纤维凉席织物经水洗和熨烫粘结定形,得到复合纤维凉席。
进一步地,所述复合纤维由如下方法制备:
(1)将氧化石墨烯加入到去离子水中超声分散,得到固含量为30%的氧化石墨烯的分散液;将L-苯丙氨酸溶解在去离子水中,配制成质量分数为2%的L-苯丙氨酸水溶液;将L-苯丙氨酸水溶液缓慢滴加到氧化石墨烯的分散液中,室温搅拌24h,然后用去离子水反复离心洗涤6-7次,干燥后得到改性氧化石墨烯;
(2)将聚酰胺置于100℃真空烘箱中干燥24h,与改性后的氧化石墨烯按照质量之比为200:1混合后经纺丝机于250℃下进行熔融纺丝,得到改性聚酰胺纤维;
(3)将改性聚酰胺纤维置于0.1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中,将混合物加热到80℃,保持150r/min匀速搅拌,缓慢滴入氯金酸溶液,滴完后,继续保温搅拌60-70min,最后取出纤维,用去离子水反复清洗6-7次,并在37℃烘箱中烘干,得到复合纤维。
进一步地,步骤(1)中所述L-苯丙氨酸水溶液和氧化石墨烯的分散液所用的体积之比为1:10。
进一步地,步骤(3)中按照固液比为1g:50mL将改性聚酰胺纤维置于0.1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中。
进一步地,步骤(3)中所述氯金酸溶液的浓度为1mmol/L,氯金酸溶液的滴入量为氢氧化钠溶液体积的10%。
一种基于石墨烯的复合纤维凉席的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步、将大麻纤维和玉石纤维按照55:45的混纺比,经梳理和牵伸加捻得到经纱;
第二步、将聚酯纤维和复合纤维按照50:50的混纺比,经梳理和牵伸加捻得到经纱;
第三步、按照经密160根/10cm,纬密144根/10cm,将经纱和纬纱在编织机上进行编织,得到复合纤维凉席织物;
第四步、将复合纤维凉席织物经水洗和熨烫粘结定形,得到复合纤维凉席。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明的凉席采用复合纤维作为纬纱的主要原料,复合纤维为经过改性、复合的聚酰胺纤维,首先,通过改性氧化石墨烯对聚酰胺纤维进行改性,再采用原位沉积复合纳米金颗粒,使得到的复合纤维具有良好的力学性能、耐热性能和抑菌性能,具体的,L-苯丙氨酸上的端-NH2与氧化石墨烯中的-COOH发生反应生成酰胺基团(-CO-NH-),同时,L-苯丙氨酸上的端-NH2还能与氧化石墨烯中的环氧基团发生反应,由此,L-苯丙氨酸成功接枝于氧化石墨烯表面,得到改性氧化石墨烯;将改性氧化石墨烯与聚酰胺熔融纺丝,一方面,由于改性氧化石墨烯上的-OH、C=O分别与聚酰胺中的C=O、N-H形成氢键,另一方面,接枝有L-苯丙氨酸的氧化石墨烯表面引入了苯环(有机链),因此,改性氧化石墨烯与聚酰胺基体的界面相互作用大大提高,当复合纤维受外界应力时,应力可有效地转移至氧化石墨烯表面,进而提高改性聚酰胺纤维的强度;另外,改性氧化石墨烯是片层状,与聚酰胺的作用面积大,且改性氧化石墨烯上携带的含氧官能团与聚酰胺基体能发生物理或化学键合,使改性氧化石墨烯与聚酰胺基体间的作用力增大和内部自由能减少,从而使改性聚酰胺纤维的热稳定性提高;最后,通过原位合成的方法,利用改性聚酰胺纤维上的羟基还原金离子(Au3+)得到得到金纳米颗粒,并且沉积在改性聚酰胺纤维表面,得到复合有进纳米颗粒的复合纤维;金纳米粒子不仅具有良好的抗菌性能,而且具有优异的生物相容性,因此,复合纤维具备良好的抑菌性能;
本发明通过采用大麻纤维/玉石纤维的混纺纱作为凉席经纱,玉石纤维具有冰凉触感以及保健性能,大麻纤维为天然纤维,具有优异的吸湿、透湿性能,从而经纱具备良好的吸湿、透湿性能,并具备冰凉触感和保健性能;采用大麻纤维/复合纤维混纺纱作为凉席的纬纱,复合纤维具有良好的力学性能、耐热性能和抑菌性能;将该经纱和纬纱编织成的凉席,一方面,具有冰凉触感和吸湿、透湿性能,带来较好的使用体验感;另一方面,具有良好的力学性能、耐热性能和抑菌性能,能够延长凉席的使用寿命、提高凉席的耐用性。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种基于石墨烯的复合纤维凉席,采用46tex大麻纤维/玉石纤维(55/45)为经纱,58tex聚酯纤维/复合纤维(50/50)为纬纱;
该复合纤维凉席由如下步骤制成:
第一步、将大麻纤维和玉石纤维按照55:45的混纺比,经梳理和牵伸加捻得到经纱;
第二步、将聚酯纤维和复合纤维按照50:50的混纺比,经梳理和牵伸加捻得到经纱;
第三步、按照经密160根/10cm,纬密144根/10cm,将经纱和纬纱在编织机上进行编织,得到复合纤维凉席织物;
第四步、将复合纤维凉席织物经水洗和熨烫粘结定形,得到复合纤维凉席;
玉石纤维具有天然冰凉效果,该纤维因含纳米玉石成分,能迅速吸湿排汗,使皮肤清凉干爽;同时,玉石能永久释放远红外线,并含有多种对人体有益的微量元素,保健性好;
大麻纤维柔软如棉,吸湿、导湿、透湿(是纯棉的3倍)及排热性好,具有舒爽、天然防霉抑菌、抗辐射、耐热、天然防紫外线等功能;
复合纤维由如下方法制备:
(1)将氧化石墨烯加入到去离子水中超声分散,得到固含量为30%的氧化石墨烯的分散液;将L-苯丙氨酸溶解在去离子水中,配制成质量分数为2%的L-苯丙氨酸水溶液;按照体积比1:10将L-苯丙氨酸水溶液缓慢滴加到氧化石墨烯的分散液中,室温搅拌24h,然后用去离子水反复离心洗涤6-7次,干燥后得到改性氧化石墨烯;
(2)将聚酰胺置于100℃真空烘箱中干燥24h,与改性后的氧化石墨烯按照质量之比为200:1混合后经纺丝机于250℃下进行熔融纺丝,得到改性聚酰胺纤维;
(3)按照固液比为1g:50mL将改性聚酰胺纤维置于0.1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中,将混合物加热到80℃,保持150r/min匀速搅拌,缓慢滴入氯金酸溶液(1mmol/L),滴完后,继续保温搅拌60-70min,最后取出纤维,用去离子水反复清洗6-7次,并在37℃烘箱中烘干,得到复合纤维;
其中,氯金酸溶液的滴入量为氢氧化钠溶液体积的10%;
L-苯丙氨酸上的端-NH2与氧化石墨烯中的-COOH发生反应生成酰胺基团(-CO-NH-),同时,L-苯丙氨酸上的端-NH2还能与氧化石墨烯中的环氧基团发生反应,由此,L-苯丙氨酸成功接枝于氧化石墨烯表面,得到改性氧化石墨烯;将改性氧化石墨烯与聚酰胺熔融纺丝,一方面,由于改性氧化石墨烯上的-OH、C=O分别与聚酰胺中的C=O、N-H形成氢键,另一方面,接枝有L-苯丙氨酸的氧化石墨烯表面引入了苯环(有机链),因此,改性氧化石墨烯与聚酰胺基体的界面相互作用大大提高,当复合纤维受外界应力时,应力可有效地转移至氧化石墨烯表面,进而提高改性聚酰胺纤维的强度;另外,改性氧化石墨烯是片层状,与聚酰胺的作用面积大,且改性氧化石墨烯上携带的含氧官能团与聚酰胺基体能发生物理或化学键合,使改性氧化石墨烯与聚酰胺基体间的作用力增大和内部自由能减少,从而使改性聚酰胺纤维的热稳定性提高;
最后,通过原位合成的方法,利用改性聚酰胺纤维上的羟基还原金离子(Au3+)得到得到金纳米颗粒,并且沉积在改性聚酰胺纤维表面,得到复合有进纳米颗粒的复合纤维;金纳米粒子不仅具有良好的抗菌性能,而且具有优异的生物相容性,因此,复合纤维具备良好的抑菌性能。
实施例1
一种基于石墨烯的复合纤维凉席,采用46tex大麻纤维/玉石纤维(55/45)为经纱,58tex大麻纤维/复合纤维(50/50)为纬纱;
按照经密160根/10cm,纬密144根/10cm,将经纱和纬纱在编织机上进行编织,得到复合纤维凉席织物;
将复合纤维凉席织物经水洗和熨烫粘结定形,得到复合纤维凉席。
对比例1
将实施例1中的复合纤维换成普通聚酰胺纤维。
对比例2
普通市售纤维编织凉席。
对实施例1和对比例1-2得到的凉席做如下性能测试:
根据GB/T 20944.3-2008测试抑菌性能(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌);采用高温热重分析仪从室温以20℃/min的速率升温至700℃,分别测试质量损失5%、50%的温度;进行导热系数测定,按GB/T8630进行水洗尺寸变化率测试,按GB/T3922进行耐汗渍色牢度测试,测试结果如下表:
由表可知,本发明制得的凉席对大肠杆菌的抑菌率为96.6%,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率为89.8%,说明凉席具有良好的抗菌性能;5%质量损失温度为411.0℃,50%质量损失温度为469.5℃,说明本发明制得的凉席具有较高的耐热性能;凉席的导热系数为0.150W/m·℃,说明本发明制得的凉席具有较低的导热系数;径向水洗尺寸变化率为-0.7%,玮向水洗尺寸变化率为-0.2%,说明本发明制得的凉席的耐水洗变形性能好,也即说明具有良好的力学性能;变色色牢度和涤沾色色牢度均为4-5级,说明制得的凉席的色牢度高、耐水洗性能好;结合对比例1,说明本发明自制的复合纤维能够有效提高凉席的抗菌性能、耐热性能和力学性能,结合对比例2,说明本发明相较于市售普通凉席,具有优异的综合性能。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明结构所作的举例和说明,所述本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,只要不偏离发明的结构或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种基于石墨烯的复合纤维凉席,其特征在于,采用46tex大麻纤维/玉石纤维混纺纱为经纱,58tex聚酯纤维/复合纤维混纺纱为纬纱;
该复合纤维凉席由如下步骤制成:
第一步、将大麻纤维和玉石纤维按照55:45的混纺比,经梳理和牵伸加捻得到经纱;
第二步、将聚酯纤维和复合纤维按照50:50的混纺比,经梳理和牵伸加捻得到经纱;
第三步、按照经密160根/10cm,纬密144根/10cm,将经纱和纬纱在编织机上进行编织,得到复合纤维凉席织物;
第四步、将复合纤维凉席织物经水洗和熨烫粘结定形,得到复合纤维凉席;
所述复合纤维由如下方法制备:
(1)将氧化石墨烯加入到去离子水中超声分散,得到固含量为30%的氧化石墨烯的分散液;将L-苯丙氨酸溶解在去离子水中,配制成质量分数为2%的L-苯丙氨酸水溶液;将L-苯丙氨酸水溶液缓慢滴加到氧化石墨烯的分散液中,室温搅拌24h,然后用去离子水反复离心洗涤6-7次,干燥后得到改性氧化石墨烯;
(2)将聚酰胺置于100℃真空烘箱中干燥24h,与改性后的氧化石墨烯按照质量之比为200:1混合后经纺丝机于250℃下进行熔融纺丝,得到改性聚酰胺纤维;
(3)将改性聚酰胺纤维置于0.1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中,将混合物加热到80℃,保持150r/min匀速搅拌,缓慢滴入氯金酸溶液,滴完后,继续保温搅拌60-70min,最后取出纤维,用去离子水反复清洗6-7次,并在37℃烘箱中烘干,得到复合纤维;
步骤(1)中所述L-苯丙氨酸水溶液和氧化石墨烯的分散液所用的体积之比为1:10;
步骤(3)中按照固液比为1g:50mL将改性聚酰胺纤维置于0.1mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中;
步骤(3)中所述氯金酸溶液的浓度为1mmol/L,氯金酸溶液的滴入量为氢氧化钠溶液体积的10%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于石墨烯的复合纤维凉席的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
第一步、将大麻纤维和玉石纤维按照55:45的混纺比,经梳理和牵伸加捻得到经纱;
第二步、将聚酯纤维和复合纤维按照50:50的混纺比,经梳理和牵伸加捻得到经纱;
第三步、按照经密160根/10cm,纬密144根/10cm,将经纱和纬纱在编织机上进行编织,得到复合纤维凉席织物;
第四步、将复合纤维凉席织物经水洗和熨烫粘结定形,得到复合纤维凉席。
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