CN115434062B - 吸湿排汗抗菌面料的制备方法 - Google Patents

吸湿排汗抗菌面料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115434062B
CN115434062B CN202211221453.8A CN202211221453A CN115434062B CN 115434062 B CN115434062 B CN 115434062B CN 202211221453 A CN202211221453 A CN 202211221453A CN 115434062 B CN115434062 B CN 115434062B
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胡小琴
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种吸湿排汗抗菌面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将吸湿纤维作为外包短纤维、拒水复丝作为芯纱纺制成包芯纱线,再将包芯纱线织造成单面织物,最后进行等离子体改性处理,得到吸湿排汗抗菌面料。本发明的吸湿排汗抗菌面料具有优异的吸湿排汗性能、抗菌性能、舒适耐用,制备工序简便。

Description

吸湿排汗抗菌面料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织技术领域,尤其涉及一种吸湿排汗抗菌面料的制备方法。
背景技术
品质优良的纺织面料不仅要求面料舒适、美观,也注重面料是否具有安全环保、吸湿排汗、抗菌防霉等特点。天然纤维以棉为例,具有吸湿性好、柔软亲肤的优点,但当人的出汗量稍大时,棉纤维易吸湿膨胀,透气性下降;合成纤维以普通涤纶为例,具有保型性好、成本低的优点,但其透湿性能较差、闷热、易产生静电。一般采用棉纤维等天然纤维与涤纶、丙纶等合成纤维进行混纺,同时发挥二者的优点,但是得到的混纺纤维面料其性能相较于纯面料会有所降低,且均匀性难以保证,因此需要优化面料加工工艺来提高面料的吸湿排汗、抗菌防霉等综合性能。中国专利CN106987964A公开了一种具有导湿性的柔软吸湿面料及其织造方法,所述面料由上层、下层以及芯纬组成,上层和下层采用柔软吸湿的棉纱或毛纱进行平纹组织织造,芯纬交替与上下两层的经纱交织,从而将上下两层接结在一起,形成织物多层整体;其中芯纬采用亚麻纱、Coolmax吸湿排汗纤维或丙纶纤维,起到导湿的作用。该专利的面料能够导湿排汗、外表较柔软,但是该面料性能稳定性差且抗菌性能不佳,使用寿命短。
发明内容
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷,本发明所要解决的技术问题是采用绿色环保、工序简单的方式制备一种吸湿排汗抗菌面料。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种吸湿排汗抗菌面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、将吸湿纤维作为外包短纤维,拒水复丝作为芯纱,在包芯纺纺纱过程中加装柔洁纺装置,进行包芯纱柔洁纺,纺制得到复合纱线;
步骤2、将步骤1所纺复合纱线采用特殊组织结构织造成面料坯布。
步骤3、将步骤2面料坯布采用等离子体改性处理,得到所述吸湿排汗抗菌面料。
优选的,所述复合纱线线密度为10-150特克斯。
优选的,所述吸湿纤维为Coolmax纤维。
优选的,所述的拒水复丝为丙纶、尼龙、涤纶、腈纶、氯纶、氨纶中的一种或两种及两种以上的混合。
优选的,所述步骤1中吸湿纤维和拒水复丝按重量份比算:吸湿纤维为60~90份,拒水复丝为10~40份。
优选的,所述步骤1中纺纱过程的纱线输出速度为5~15m/min,捻度为300~600T/m,柔洁纺的温度控制在70~200℃。
优选的,所述步骤2中特殊组织结构为斜纹组织、缎纹组织、联合组织中的一种。
优选的,所述步骤2中面料坯布经密为200~400根/10cm,纬密为200~400根/10cm,面密度为100-800g/m2.
优选的,步骤3中等离子体改性处理的方法如下,以下份数均为重量份:
S1、将步骤2中5~15份面料坯布用5~20份丙酮和70~100份水的混合溶液洗涤;接着在40~100℃下干燥10~50min;然后在大气环境下,用低温等离子体装置对面料进行处理,设置处理功率为120~220W处理时间为60~180s,得到等离子体面料;
S2、将20~50份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、0.1~2份二月桂酸二丁基锡配置成混合溶液,将混合溶液置于氮气的环境中;接着将5~10份等离子体面料放入混合溶液中,搅拌混合物反应10~50min;保持氮气环境,向混合溶液中加入1~5份4,4-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,在30~80℃下不断搅拌反应混合物2~5h;然后用5~15份丙酮和50~100份水配置的混合溶液洗净面料,在40~80℃下干燥,得到初次改性面料;
S3、将50~150份N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、1~10份乙酸、0.1~2份二月桂酸二丁基锡和1~5份壳聚糖或壳聚糖复合抗菌剂配置成混合溶液,在氮气环境下将5~10份初次改性面料加入混合溶液中,在60~100℃下,对混合物搅拌反应5~20h;最后用5~15份丙酮和50~150份水配置的混合溶液洗涤三次,40~80℃烘干0.1~3h,得到二次改性面料;
S4、将5~15份丙烯酰氯和30~70份二氯甲烷配置成混合溶液,将5~10份二次改性面料置于混合溶液中,反应10~30min,用50~150份二氯甲烷洗涤2~5次,40~80℃干燥;接着将面料浸泡在30~80份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、5~10份1-乙烯基咪唑和60~100份偶氮二异丁腈配置的混合溶液中,在50~90℃的氮气环境中搅拌20~30h;反应结束后,用50~150份75wt%~98wt%乙醇水溶液洗涤样品并烘干,得到吸湿排汗抗菌面料。
本发明从苦豆子、刺天茄、山鸡椒中提取出植物抗菌剂,更加安全、环保。此外用壳聚糖包覆植物抗菌剂,一方面有效控制了植物抗菌剂的团聚,使植物抗菌剂更分散;另一方面提高了与面料之间的结合力,使面料的抗菌性能更高效持久。
优选的,所述壳聚糖复合抗菌剂的制备方法如下,以下份数均为重量份:
取清洗晾干的苦豆子、刺天茄、山鸡椒按重量比(3-5):(1-2):(1-2)混合后粉碎过100-300目筛,得到植物混料;将20-30份植物混料加入到50-70份70-90wt%乙醇水溶液中超声处理1-2h,再于85-95℃回流提取2-5h;过滤后减压浓缩回收乙醇,将浓缩物进行冷冻干燥,得到植物抗菌剂;将3-5份壳聚糖加入到50-70份3-5wt%乙酸水溶液中超声处理0.5-1h,再加入1-3份植物抗菌剂、0.5-1份3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、1-3份2-5wt%戊二醛乙醇溶液,50-60℃反应2-5h,过滤、冷冻干燥,得到所述壳聚糖复合抗菌剂。
Coolmax纤维,又叫四管道异性型聚酯纤维,由杜邦公司研制。其横截面呈十字型,利用沟槽的虹吸效应将水分吸走并挥发,保持皮肤干爽。
丙纶是用石油精炼的副产物丙烯为原料制得的合成纤维,又称聚丙烯纤维。
尼龙又称聚酰胺(简称PA),是分子主链上含有重复酰胺基团—[NHCO]—的热塑性树脂总称,包括脂肪族PA,脂肪-芳香族PA和芳香族PA。其中脂肪族PA品种多,产量大,应用广泛。
涤纶又称聚酯纤维,是由有机二元酸和二元醇缩聚而成的聚酯经纺丝所得的合成纤维,简称PET纤维,属于高分子化合物,于1941年发明,是当前合成纤维的第一大品种,聚酯纤维最大的优点是抗皱性和保形性很好,具有较高的强度与弹性恢复能力。
腈纶纤维的性能很像羊毛,所以又叫“合成羊毛”,是聚丙烯腈或丙烯腈质量百分比含量大于85%的丙烯腈共聚物制成的合成纤维。常用的第二单体为非离子型单体,如丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯等,第三单体为离子型单体,如丙烯磺酸钠等,耐日光性与耐气候性很好,吸湿差,染色难。
氯纶是指在聚氯乙烯中混入增塑剂后,进行熔融纺丝,或是用丙酮为溶剂,以溶液纺丝而制得的一种纤维,氯纶的吸湿性极小,几乎不吸湿,重量轻,保暖性好,高温易分解。
氨纶是聚氨基甲酸酯纤维的简称,是一种弹性纤维,具有高度弹性,能够拉长6~7倍,但随张力的消失能迅速恢复到初始状态,其分子结构为一个像链状的、柔软及可伸长性的聚氨基甲酸酯,通过与硬链段连接在一起而增强其特性。
柔洁纺纱技术是在普通环锭纺纱三角区施加一个纤维高温处理面,在成纱三角区内对须条起到高温熨烫、握持聚合作用,通过高温熨烫使纤维达到玻璃化转变温度后发生软化,降低纤维刚性,更容易将外露纤维有效地内外转移进入到纱体内,降低了纱线表面毛羽,改善了光洁度,提高纤维利用率,最终达到改善纺纱品柔顺光洁目的。
从微观上看,吸湿性是水分子在纤维表面停留或吸附。吸水过程可分为物理吸附和化学吸附,物理吸附是指通过毛细管来吸收水份,吸水能力有限,水在一定的压力和温度下可以逸出,这样的水称为自由水;化学吸附过程中主要是亲水基团发挥作用,亲水基团与水分子之间进行水合作用,形成化学键,牢牢吸附水分子,被吸附的水分子称为结合水,外部物理条件的改变也较难使水分子脱离。水分子之间还存在着范德华力,这样的水是束缚水,在一定物理条件,水分子可以突破范德华力的束缚作用脱离材料表面。
纱线中短距离液态水的运输主要依靠扩散和迁移,长距离液态水的运输主要依靠差动效应。由于外部吸湿纤维的亲水性,水分子首先与纱线外部的吸湿纤维结合,然后再通过吸湿纤维中的导管和沟槽向中部转移,因为纱线中部拒水纤维不吸水,所以转移到纱线中部的水分子以自由水的形式大量存在于拒水纤维间隙。在纱线中部聚集着的水分子因为差动效应,更易向纱线外部转移。外部水分子热运动产生的动能大于分子之间的范德华力,就会脱离束缚,进入空气。
在包芯纺过程中,将吸湿纤维做外包材料,拒水性长丝做芯线,这样既能保证外包材料的快速吸水性,又能保证快干过程中纱线快速脱水。
对吸湿快干织物进一步采用低温等离子体改性处理,引入含有亲水基团的单体,在吸湿纤维上形成羟基和羧基,有利于后道材料的接枝反应,4,4-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯接枝后纤维的表面形貌变的粗糙,加入壳聚糖,4,4-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯基团能与壳聚糖羟基反应形成的氨基甲酸酯基团,提高面料的亲水性能,壳聚糖也可以在吸湿纤维表面产生N-H基团,1-乙烯基咪唑能与N-H基团产生反应形成氢键,将1-乙烯基咪唑结合到吸湿纤维上,壳聚糖同时与丙烯酰氯反应形成的酯羰基,面料的亲水性得到极大的增强。
由于采用了以上的技术方案,与现有技术相比,优点在于:本发明的吸湿排汗抗菌面料具有优异的吸湿排汗性能、抗菌性能、舒适耐用,其制备工序简便、绿色环保。其中采用低温等离子体改性处理,引入亲水基团,赋予了吸湿纤维更优异的亲水性,加强了面料的吸湿快干能力,而且面料的耐水洗性能得到了极大的提升。
具体实施方式
实施例中主要原料的来源和设备型号:
Coolmax纤维:采用INVISTA公司生产的Coolmax纤维,纤维细度为14dtex,纤维长度为38mm。
丙纶纤维:90D的丙纶复丝,盐城市环宇工程纤维有限公司。
4,4-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯:湖北鑫润德化工有限公司,CAS:822-06-0。
壳聚糖:郑州裕和食品添加剂有限公司,粉末状,水溶性,脱乙酰度:大于85%,CAS:9012-76-4。
细纱机:HF-A4型细纱机,苏州市华飞纺织科技有限公司。
等离子体改性设备:HD-2型冷等离子体改性设备,常州世泰等离子体技术开发有限公司。
实施例1
一种吸湿排汗抗菌面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤,以下份数均为重量份:
步骤1:柔顺光洁包芯纱的纺制,将80份Coolmax纤维粗纱喂入细纱机,20份丙纶复丝通过导纱轮从细纱机的前罗拉喂入,并保持丙纶复丝处在Coolmax纤维须条中间;在成纱三角区加装柔洁纺装置,须条和复丝被柔洁纺装置的陶瓷片加热,加热温度为100℃,然后加捻成纱,最后卷绕在细纱管上,其中纺纱过程的纱线输出速度为10m/min,捻度为450T/m,纱线线密度为40特克斯;
步骤2:纱线织造成面料坯布,将步骤1所纺纱线采用SGA598-SD型半自动打样机采用1×3斜纹组织织造成面料坯布,经密为320根/10cm,纬密为300根/10cm,面密度为600g/m2.
步骤3:将步骤2面料坯布采用等离子体改性处理,得到吸湿排汗抗菌面料。
所述的等离子体改性处理的方法如下,以下份数均为重量份:
S1、将步骤2中8份面料坯布用10份丙酮和90份水的混合溶液洗涤;接着在60℃下干燥40min;然后在大气环境下,用低温等离子体装置对面料进行处理,设置处理功率为180W处理时间为120s,得到等离子体面料;
S2、将40份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡配置成混合溶液,将混合溶液倒入装有氮气进、出通道和冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中;在氮气环境下,将8份等离子体面料放入混合溶液中,采用磁力搅拌机搅拌混合物,反应30min;保持氮气环境,向混合溶液中加入2份4,4-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,在70℃下不断搅拌反应混合物4h;接着用10份丙酮和90份水配置的混合溶液洗净面料,在60℃下干燥,得到初次改性面料;
S3、将100份N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、4份乙酸、0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡和3.3份壳聚糖配置成混合溶液,将混合溶液倒入装有氮气进、出通道和冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中;在氮气环境下,将8份初次改性面料加入混合溶液中,在80℃下,对反应混合物采用磁力搅拌机搅拌12h;最后用10份丙酮和90份水配置的混合溶液洗涤三次,60℃烘干0.5h,得到二次改性面料;
S4、将10份丙烯酰氯和50份二氯甲烷配置成混合溶液,将8份二次改性面料置于溶液中,反应20min,用100份二氯甲烷洗涤5次,60℃干燥;接着将面料浸泡在装有氮气进口、出口和冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中,瓶中为50份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、8份1-乙烯基咪唑和80份偶氮二异丁腈配置的混合溶液,在70℃的氮气环境中搅拌24h,反应结束后,用100份95wt%乙醇水溶液洗涤样品并烘干,得到吸湿排汗抗菌面料。
实施例2
与实施例1基本相同,唯一区别仅仅在于:
所述的等离子体改性处理的方法如下,以下份数均为重量份:
S1、将步骤2中8份面料坯布用10份丙酮和90份水的混合溶液洗涤;接着在60℃下干燥40min;然后在大气环境下,用低温等离子体装置对面料进行处理,设置处理功率为180W处理时间为120s,得到等离子体面料;
S2、将40份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡配置成混合溶液,将混合溶液倒入装有氮气进、出通道和冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中;在氮气环境下,将8份等离子体面料放入混合溶液中,采用磁力搅拌机搅拌混合物,反应30min;保持氮气环境,向混合溶液中加入2份水,在70℃下不断搅拌反应混合物4h;接着用10份丙酮和90份水配置的混合溶液洗净面料,在60℃下干燥,得到初次改性面料;
S3、将100份N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、4份乙酸、0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡和3.3份壳聚糖配置成混合溶液,将混合溶液倒入装有氮气进、出通道和冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中;在氮气环境下,将8份初次改性面料加入混合溶液中,在80℃下,对反应混合物采用磁力搅拌机搅拌12h;最后用10份丙酮和90份水配置的混合溶液洗涤三次,60℃烘干0.5h,得到二次改性面料;
S4、将10份丙烯酰氯和50份二氯甲烷配置成混合溶液,将8份二次改性面料置于溶液中,反应20min,用100份二氯甲烷洗涤5次,60℃干燥;接着将面料浸泡在装有氮气进口、出口和冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中,瓶中为50份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、8份1-乙烯基咪唑和80份偶氮二异丁腈配置的混合溶液,在70℃的氮气环境中搅拌24h,反应结束后,用100份95wt%乙醇水溶液洗涤样品并烘干,得到吸湿排汗抗菌面料。
实施例3
与实施例1基本相同,唯一区别仅仅在于:
所述的等离子体改性处理的方法如下,以下份数均为重量份:
S1、将步骤2中8份面料坯布用10份丙酮和90份水的混合溶液洗涤;接着在60℃下干燥40min;然后在大气环境下,用低温等离子体装置对面料进行处理,设置处理功率为180W处理时间为120s,得到等离子体面料;
S2、将40份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡配置成混合溶液,将混合溶液倒入装有氮气进、出通道和冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中;在氮气环境下,将8份等离子体面料放入混合溶液中,采用磁力搅拌机搅拌混合物,反应30min;保持氮气环境,向混合溶液中加入2份4,4-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,在70℃下不断搅拌反应混合物4h;接着用10份丙酮和90份水配置的混合溶液洗净面料,在60℃下干燥,得到初次改性面料;
S3、将100份N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、4份乙酸、0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡和3.3份水配置成混合溶液,将混合溶液倒入装有氮气进、出通道和冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中;在氮气环境下,将8份初次改性面料加入混合溶液中,在80℃下,对反应混合物采用磁力搅拌机搅拌12h;最后用10份丙酮和90份水配置的混合溶液洗涤三次,60℃烘干0.5h,得到二次改性面料;
S4、将10份丙烯酰氯和50份二氯甲烷配置成混合溶液,将8份二次改性面料置于溶液中,反应20min,用100份二氯甲烷洗涤5次,60℃干燥;接着将面料浸泡在装有氮气进口、出口和冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中,瓶中为50份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、8份1-乙烯基咪唑和80份偶氮二异丁腈配置的混合溶液,在70℃的氮气环境中搅拌24h,反应结束后,用100份95wt%乙醇水溶液洗涤样品并烘干,得到吸湿排汗抗菌面料。
实施例4
与实施例1基本相同,唯一区别仅仅在于:
所述的等离子体改性处理的方法如下,以下份数均为重量份:
S1、将步骤2中8份面料坯布用10份丙酮和90份水的混合溶液洗涤;接着在60℃下干燥40min;然后在大气环境下,用低温等离子体装置对面料进行处理,设置处理功率为180W处理时间为120s,得到等离子体面料;
S2、将40份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡配置成混合溶液,将混合溶液倒入装有氮气进、出通道和冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中;在氮气环境下,将8份等离子体面料放入混合溶液中,采用磁力搅拌机搅拌混合物,反应30min;保持氮气环境,向混合溶液中加入2份4,4-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,在70℃下不断搅拌反应混合物4h;接着用10份丙酮和90份水配置的混合溶液洗净面料,在60℃下干燥,得到初次改性面料;
S3、将100份N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、4份乙酸、0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡和3.3份壳聚糖配置成混合溶液,将混合溶液倒入装有氮气进、出通道和冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中;在氮气环境下,将8份初次改性面料加入混合溶液中,在80℃下,对反应混合物采用磁力搅拌机搅拌12h;最后用10份丙酮和90份水配置的混合溶液洗涤三次,60℃烘干0.5h,得到二次改性面料;
S4、将10份丙烯酰氯和50份二氯甲烷配置成混合溶液,将8份二次改性面料置于溶液中,反应20min,用100份二氯甲烷洗涤5次,60℃干燥;接着将面料浸泡在装有氮气进口、出口和冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中,瓶中为50份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、8份水和80份偶氮二异丁腈配置的混合溶液,在70℃的氮气环境中搅拌24h,反应结束后,用100份95wt%乙醇水溶液洗涤样品并烘干,得到吸湿排汗抗菌面料。
对比例1
与实施例1基本相同,唯一区别仅仅在于:
所述的等离子体改性处理的方法如下,以下份数均为重量份:
S1、将步骤2中8份面料坯布用10份丙酮和90份水的混合溶液洗涤;接着在60℃下干燥40min;然后在大气环境下,用低温等离子体装置对面料进行处理,设置处理功率为180W处理时间为120s,得到等离子体面料;
S2、将40份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡配置成混合溶液,将混合溶液倒入装有氮气进、出通道和冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中;在氮气环境下,将8份等离子体面料放入混合溶液中,采用磁力搅拌机搅拌混合物,反应30min;保持氮气环境,向混合溶液中加入2份水,在70℃下不断搅拌反应混合物4h;接着用10份丙酮和90份水配置的混合溶液洗净面料,在60℃下干燥,得到初次改性面料;
S3、将100份N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、4份乙酸、0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡和3.3份水配置成混合溶液,将混合溶液倒入装有氮气进、出通道和冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中;在氮气环境下,将8份初次改性面料加入混合溶液中,在80℃下,对反应混合物采用磁力搅拌机搅拌12h;最后用10份丙酮和90份水配置的混合溶液洗涤三次,60℃烘干0.5h,得到二次改性面料;
S4、将10份丙烯酰氯和50份二氯甲烷配置成混合溶液,将8份二次改性面料置于溶液中,反应20min,用100份二氯甲烷洗涤5次,60℃干燥;接着将面料浸泡在装有氮气进口、出口和冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中,瓶中为50份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、8份水和80份偶氮二异丁腈配置的混合溶液,在70℃的氮气环境中搅拌24h,反应结束后,用100份95wt%乙醇水溶液洗涤样品并烘干,得到吸湿排汗抗菌面料。
实施例5
一种吸湿排汗抗菌面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤,以下份数均为重量份:
步骤1:柔顺光洁包芯纱的纺制,将80份Coolmax纤维粗纱喂入细纱机,20份丙纶复丝通过导纱轮从细纱机的前罗拉喂入,并保持丙纶复丝处在Coolmax纤维须条中间;在成纱三角区加装柔洁纺装置,须条和复丝被柔洁纺装置的陶瓷片加热,加热温度为100℃,然后加捻成纱,最后卷绕在细纱管上,其中纺纱过程的纱线输出速度为10m/min,捻度为450T/m,纱线线密度为40特克斯;
步骤2:纱线织造成面料坯布,将步骤1所纺纱线采用SGA598-SD型半自动打样机采用1×3斜纹组织织造成面料坯布,经密为320根/10cm,纬密为300根/10cm,面密度为600g/m2.
步骤3:将步骤2面料坯布采用等离子体改性处理,得到吸湿排汗抗菌面料。
所述的等离子体改性处理的方法如下,以下份数均为重量份:
S1、将步骤2中8份面料坯布用10份丙酮和90份水的混合溶液洗涤;接着在60℃下干燥40min;然后在大气环境下,用低温等离子体装置对面料进行处理,设置处理功率为180W处理时间为120s,得到等离子体面料;
S2、将40份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡配置成混合溶液,将混合溶液倒入装有氮气进、出通道和冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中;在氮气环境下,将8份等离子体面料放入混合溶液中,采用磁力搅拌机搅拌混合物,反应30min;保持氮气环境,向混合溶液中加入2份4,4-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,在70℃下不断搅拌反应混合物4h;接着用10份丙酮和90份水配置的混合溶液洗净面料,在60℃下干燥,得到初次改性面料;
S3、将100份N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、4份乙酸、0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡和3.3份壳聚糖复合抗菌剂配置成混合溶液,将混合溶液倒入装有氮气进、出通道和冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中;在氮气环境下,将8份初次改性面料加入混合溶液中,在80℃下,对反应混合物采用磁力搅拌机搅拌12h;最后用10份丙酮和90份水配置的混合溶液洗涤三次,60℃烘干0.5h,得到二次改性面料;
S4、将10份丙烯酰氯和50份二氯甲烷配置成混合溶液,将8份二次改性面料置于溶液中,反应20min,用100份二氯甲烷洗涤5次,60℃干燥;接着将面料浸泡在装有氮气进口、出口和冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中,瓶中为50份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、8份1-乙烯基咪唑和80份偶氮二异丁腈配置的混合溶液,在70℃的氮气环境中搅拌24h,反应结束后,用100份95wt%乙醇水溶液洗涤样品并烘干,得到吸湿排汗抗菌面料。
所述壳聚糖复合抗菌剂的制备方法如下,以下份数均为重量份:
取清洗晾干的苦豆子、刺天茄、山鸡椒按重量比3:2:2混合后粉碎过200目筛,得到植物混料;将25份植物混料加入到60份80wt%乙醇水溶液中超声处理1.5h,再于90℃回流提取3h;过滤后减压浓缩回收乙醇,将浓缩物进行冷冻干燥,得到植物抗菌剂;将4份壳聚糖加入到60份3.5wt%乙酸水溶液中超声处理0.5h,再加入2.5份植物抗菌剂、1份3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、2份3wt%戊二醛乙醇溶液,55℃反应2.5h,过滤、冷冻干燥,得到所述壳聚糖复合抗菌剂。参照标准GB/T 20944.3-2008测试实施例5的吸湿排汗抗菌面料的抗菌性能,其中金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌率为99.35%、大肠杆菌抗菌率为99.01%。
对比例2
一种吸湿排汗抗菌面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤,以下份数均为重量份:
步骤1:柔顺光洁包芯纱的纺制,将80份Coolmax纤维粗纱喂入细纱机,20份丙纶复丝通过导纱轮从细纱机的前罗拉喂入,并保持丙纶复丝处在Coolmax纤维须条中间;在成纱三角区加装柔洁纺装置,须条和复丝被柔洁纺装置的陶瓷片加热,加热温度为100℃,然后加捻成纱,最后卷绕在细纱管上,其中纺纱过程的纱线输出速度为10m/min,捻度为450T/m,纱线线密度为40特克斯;
步骤2:纱线织造成面料坯布,将步骤1所纺纱线采用SGA598-SD型半自动打样机采用1×3斜纹组织织造成面料坯布,经密为320根/10cm,纬密为300根/10cm,面密度为600g/m2.
步骤3:将步骤2面料坯布采用等离子体改性处理,得到吸湿排汗抗菌面料。
所述的等离子体改性处理的方法如下,以下份数均为重量份:
S1、将步骤2中8份面料坯布用10份丙酮和90份水的混合溶液洗涤;接着在60℃下干燥40min;然后在大气环境下,用低温等离子体装置对面料进行处理,设置处理功率为180W处理时间为120s,得到等离子体面料;
S2、将40份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡配置成混合溶液,将混合溶液倒入装有氮气进、出通道和冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中;在氮气环境下,将8份等离子体面料放入混合溶液中,采用磁力搅拌机搅拌混合物,反应30min;保持氮气环境,向混合溶液中加入2份4,4-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,在70℃下不断搅拌反应混合物4h;接着用10份丙酮和90份水配置的混合溶液洗净面料,在60℃下干燥,得到初次改性面料;
S3、将100份N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、4份乙酸、0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡和3.3份壳聚糖复合抗菌剂配置成混合溶液,将混合溶液倒入装有氮气进、出通道和冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中;在氮气环境下,将8份初次改性面料加入混合溶液中,在80℃下,对反应混合物采用磁力搅拌机搅拌12h;最后用10份丙酮和90份水配置的混合溶液洗涤三次,60℃烘干0.5h,得到二次改性面料;
S4、将10份丙烯酰氯和50份二氯甲烷配置成混合溶液,将8份二次改性面料置于溶液中,反应20min,用100份二氯甲烷洗涤5次,60℃干燥;接着将面料浸泡在装有氮气进口、出口和冷凝器的三颈圆底烧瓶中,瓶中为50份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、8份1-乙烯基咪唑和80份偶氮二异丁腈配置的混合溶液,在70℃的氮气环境中搅拌24h,反应结束后,用100份95wt%乙醇水溶液洗涤样品并烘干,得到吸湿排汗抗菌面料。
所述壳聚糖复合抗菌剂的制备方法如下,以下份数均为重量份:
取清洗晾干的苦豆子、刺天茄、山鸡椒按重量比3:2:2混合后粉碎过200目筛,得到植物混料;将25份植物混料加入到60份80wt%乙醇水溶液中超声处理1.5h,再于90℃回流提取3h;过滤后减压浓缩回收乙醇,将浓缩物进行冷冻干燥,得到植物抗菌剂;将4份壳聚糖与2.5份植物抗菌剂混合均匀,得到所述壳聚糖复合抗菌剂。参照标准GB/T 20944.3-2008测试对比例2的吸湿排汗抗菌面料的抗菌性能,其中金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌率为92.07%、大肠杆菌抗菌率为91.90%。
测试例1
刺痒感测试:测试方法参考硕士论文(改善苎麻织物刺痒感的研究,作者:田喆,东华大学,2013),织物单面压缩仪表面毛羽压缩性能测试。
测试指标:织物表面毛羽部分压缩时的分界压力(cN)和压缩比功(cN)。分界压力表示织物毛羽压缩阶段结束时的压力大小,它与布面毛羽的数量、毛羽的分布(长短及形态)及纤维的弯曲刚性等因素有关,因此是一项综合性的指标;压缩比功表示单位压缩位移(克服所有毛羽的弯曲应力所做的功),即压缩功与压缩隔距的比值,压缩比功越大,毛羽压缩越困难。
由此可以得到刺痒值(五点评分)与分界压力之间的回归方程分别为:刺痒值=-1.908+4.008×分界压力(cN)
试样:每种测试织物取三块试样,尺寸(长×宽)为20cm×8cm。
表1:吸湿排汗抗菌面料的刺痒感测试结果
通过对比例与实施例的刺痒感和压缩比功可以发现,各实施例和对比例都满足刺痒感指标,说明柔洁纺纱对于提高织物的柔顺光洁性能有较大作用,原因是柔洁纺对于纺纱过程中的纤维升温,降低了纤维的模量,使对纤维的控制能力更强,纤维在成纱过程中内外转移更充分,所以毛羽更少,面料更柔顺;实施例1的刺痒值最小主要原因在于经过等离子体改性处理,面料的吸水性增大,回潮率变大,所以面料表面的毛羽刚性更低,毛羽数量更少,即面料更加柔顺。
测试例2
吸湿性能的评价,采用国家标准GB/T21655.1-2008《纺织品吸湿速干性的评定第1部分:单项组合试验法》涉及的组合法进行试验,通过对织物的芯吸高度和透湿量进行测试,综合评判织物的吸湿快干性能。
(1)芯吸高度测试
根据FZ T01071-2008《纺织品毛细效应试验方法》的测试步骤进行测试。在标准环境(温度20±2℃,湿度65±3%),将布料裁切成3个长300mm宽30mm的样品,将3g重的张力夹夹持面料下端,使面料垂直伸展开,面料上端固定在毛细管效应测定仪顶端,30min后记录试样上水印的扩散高度,进行3次实验,最后取3次实验的平均值。
表2:吸湿排汗抗菌面料的芯吸高度测试结果
实验方案 经向芯吸高度(cm) 纬向芯吸高度(cm)
实施例1 8.4 8.7
实施例2 8.1 8.5
实施例3 7.7 7.8
实施例4 8.2 8.5
对比例1 7.2 7.4
(2)透湿性能测试
透湿量根据GB/T 12704.1-2009《纺织品织物透湿性试验方法第1部分:吸湿法》来测定。测试条件为38±2℃,湿度为90±2%,通过固定时间内透湿杯内的干燥剂吸收的水分来计算织物的透湿效果。测试的试样要求是直径为9.5cm的圆形试样,每个品种3块试样,每个试样测试一次。将面料贴合放置在透湿杯上,其中吸湿面与外环境接触,进行密封操作后放入WVTR-W3电脑型织物透湿仪中1h,然后盖上杯盖放入干燥皿中平衡30min,称取重量,记为原始重量。接着再放入试验箱中透湿平衡1h,再次进行称重,记录重量。透湿率按照公式1计算,三块试样的测试结果取平均值。
WVT=Δm/(A·t) 1
式中:WVT——透湿率,每平方米每天(24h)的透湿量[g/(m2·24h)];
t——试验时间(h);
Δm——同组试验两次称重之差(g);
A——试样试验面积(m2),本实验装置为0.00283m2
表3:吸湿排汗抗菌面料的透湿性能测试结果
实验方案 织物透湿率g/(m2·24h)
实施例1 8671
实施例2 7985
实施例3 7355
实施例4 8119
对比例1 6911
通过对比例与实施例的对比可以发现,得益于包芯纱纺纱工艺,该纱线中部丙纶纤维不吸水,所以转移到纱线中部的水分子以自由水的形式大量存在于丙纶纤维间隙。外包Coolmax纤维吸湿快干性能优异,与内部的丙纶纤维形成巨大的差动效应,因此在纱线中部聚集着的水分子,更易向纱线外部转移,所纺面料吸湿快干性能都比较好。
低温等离子体处理工艺对织物面料的吸湿快干性能提升显著,原因是低温等离子体改性处理,引入含有亲水基团的单体,在吸湿纤维上形成羟基和羧基,有利于后道材料的接枝反应,4,4-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯接枝后纤维的表面形貌变的粗糙,有利于壳聚糖的结合,加入壳聚糖,4,4-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯基团能与壳聚糖羟基反应形成的氨基甲酸酯基团,提高面料的亲水性能,壳聚糖也可以在吸湿纤维表面产生N-H基团,1-乙烯基咪唑能与N-H基团产生反应形成氢键,将1-乙烯基咪唑结合到吸湿纤维上,壳聚糖同时与丙烯酰氯反应形成的酯羰基,增强了外包Coolmax纤维的吸湿快干性能,与内部丙纶复丝形成更大的差动效应,利于水分子的吸收和转移,所以面料吸湿快干性能优异。

Claims (8)

1.吸湿排汗抗菌面料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、将吸湿纤维作为外包短纤维,拒水复丝作为芯纱,在包芯纺纺纱过程中加装柔洁纺装置,进行包芯纱柔洁纺,纺制得到复合纱线;
步骤2、将步骤1所纺复合纱线采用特殊组织结构织造成面料坯布;所述特殊组织结构为斜纹组织、缎纹组织、联合组织中的一种;
步骤3、将步骤2面料坯布采用等离子体改性处理,所述等离子体改性处理的方法如下,以下份数均为重量份:
S1、将5~15份面料坯布用5~20份丙酮和70~100份水的混合溶液洗涤;接着在40~100℃下干燥10~50min;然后在大气环境下,用低温等离子体装置对面料进行处理,设置处理功率为120~220W处理时间为60~180s,得到等离子体面料;
S2、将20~50份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、0.1~2份二月桂酸二丁基锡配置成混合溶液,将混合溶液置于氮气的环境中;接着将5~10份等离子体面料放入混合溶液中,搅拌混合物反应10~50min;保持氮气环境,向混合溶液中加入1~5份4,4-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,在30~80℃下不断搅拌反应混合物2~5h;然后用5~15份丙酮和50~100份水配置的混合溶液洗净面料,在40~80℃下干燥,得到初次改性面料;
S3、将50~150份N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、1~10份乙酸、0.1~2份二月桂酸二丁基锡和1~5份壳聚糖复合抗菌剂配置成混合溶液,在氮气环境下将5~10份初次改性面料加入混合溶液中,在60~100℃下,对混合物搅拌反应5~20h;最后用5~15份丙酮和50~150份水配置的混合溶液洗涤三次,40~80℃烘干0.1~3h,得到二次改性面料;
S4、将5~15份丙烯酰氯和30~70份二氯甲烷配置成混合溶液,将5~10份二次改性面料置于混合溶液中,反应10~30min,用50~150份二氯甲烷洗涤2~5次,40~80℃干燥;接着将面料浸泡在30~80份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、5~10份1-乙烯基咪唑和60~100份偶氮二异丁腈配置的混合溶液中,在50~90℃的氮气环境中搅拌20~30h;反应结束后,用50~150份75wt%~98wt%乙醇水溶液洗涤样品并烘干,得到吸湿排汗抗菌面料;
所述壳聚糖复合抗菌剂的制备方法如下,以下份数均为重量份:
取清洗晾干的苦豆子、刺天茄、山鸡椒按重量比(3~5):(1~2):(1~2)混合后粉碎,得到植物混料;将20~30份植物混料加入到50~70份70~90wt%乙醇水溶液中超声处理1~2h,再于85~95℃回流提取2~5h;过滤后减压浓缩回收乙醇,将浓缩物进行冷冻干燥,得到植物抗菌剂;将3~5份壳聚糖加入到50~70份3~5wt%乙酸水溶液中超声处理0.5~1h,再加入1~3份植物抗菌剂、0.5~1份3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、1~3份2~5wt%戊二醛乙醇溶液,50~60℃反应2~5h,过滤、冷冻干燥,得到所述壳聚糖复合抗菌剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸湿排汗抗菌面料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述吸湿纤维为Coolmax纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的吸湿排汗抗菌面料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述拒水复丝为丙纶、尼龙、涤纶、腈纶、氯纶、氨纶中的一种或两种及两种以上的混合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的吸湿排汗抗菌面料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1中吸湿纤维和拒水复丝按重量份比算:吸湿纤维为60~90份,拒水复丝为10~40份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的吸湿排汗抗菌面料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1中纺纱过程的纱线输出速度为5~15m/min,捻度为300~600T/m,柔洁纺的温度控制在70~200℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的吸湿排汗抗菌面料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2中面料坯布经密为200~400根/10cm,纬密为200~400根/10cm,面密度为100~800g/m2
7.根据权利要求1所述的吸湿排汗抗菌面料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述复合纱线线密度为10~150特克斯。
8.吸湿排汗抗菌面料,其特征在于:采用如权利要求1~7任一项所述方法制备而成。
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