CN110588128B - 一种耐高温耐湿电无卤阻燃玻璃布层压板的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐高温耐湿电无卤阻燃玻璃布层压板的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110588128B
CN110588128B CN201910967338.7A CN201910967338A CN110588128B CN 110588128 B CN110588128 B CN 110588128B CN 201910967338 A CN201910967338 A CN 201910967338A CN 110588128 B CN110588128 B CN 110588128B
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朱振国
张金鑫
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Beijing New Friend Insulating Material Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种耐高温耐湿电无卤阻燃玻璃布层压板的制备方法，以改性酚醛/三聚氰胺甲醛树脂为树脂基体，以无碱玻璃纤维布为基材，经上胶、烘焙、叠合和热压而成。所述的耐高温耐湿电无卤阻燃玻璃布层压板的制备方法选用酚醛树脂、硅烷偶联剂对三聚氰胺甲醛树脂进行改性，在不添加无机添加剂的前提下保证良好的无卤阻燃特性和耐电弧性的同时，体现优异的常/热态机械弯曲性能：常态下弯曲强度大于等于340MPa，150℃下弯曲强度大于等于170MPa。室温浸水72小时的击穿电压大于等于50KV。

Description

一种耐高温耐湿电无卤阻燃玻璃布层压板的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种耐高温耐湿电无卤阻燃玻璃布层压板的制备方法，属于层压板技术领域。
背景技术
随着欧盟Rohs、Reach等环保指令要求的进一步提高，市场对无卤阻燃绝缘材料需求的增加，开发对环境友好的无卤阻燃耐高温耐湿电无卤阻燃玻璃布层压板已形成趋势。
随着电机向着高电压、高功率、大容量、高性能等方向发展，对线圈在槽部和端部固定材料的要求也越来越高，既要具有良好的机械性能和电绝缘性能，又要保持良好的长期热稳定性，从而促使电机绝缘层压板进一步向高耐热以及高性能方向发展。
同时为保障高电压、特高电压等电力系统的正常运行，尤其是在一些运行环境比较严酷的地区，如在面对一些像公路边、沿海地区和高原地带等，以及一些高温、潮湿和高磁场等的特殊环境时，电气设备中的绝缘材料的性能对输配设备的可靠性和使用寿命有决定性影响；在一些特殊场合，当电气设备因意外事故发生燃烧时，要求设备中的绝缘材料具有阻燃自熄性，并在燃烧后不产生有害气体；针对部分潮湿气候的地区，其电气设备中的绝缘材料需要满足一定的耐湿电性。
三聚氰胺树脂是用三聚氰胺经甲基化反应再缩聚制得的一种用途广泛的热固性氨基树脂。三聚氰胺树脂具有位阻很大的三嗪环，并且多个亚甲基与三嗪环间相互交错，所以固化后树脂硬度大，不易弯曲，几乎没有韧性。并且在湿度变化的大气中，固化的树脂从空气中吸收和解吸水分造成体积变化，产生内应力，最终造成树脂龟裂。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的不足，提供了一种耐高温耐湿电无卤阻燃玻璃布层压板的制备方法，具体技术方案如下：
一种耐高温耐湿电无卤阻燃玻璃布层压板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
以改性酚醛/三聚氰胺甲醛树脂为树脂基体，以无碱玻璃纤维布为基材，经上胶、烘焙、叠合和热压而成。
作为上述技术方案的改进，所述改性酚醛/三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一、将酚类化合物、三聚氰胺、醛类化合物、胺类化合物投入反应釜，升温至75～95℃，反应40～100min；
步骤二、将步骤一体系降温，然后加入硅烷偶联剂，在65～95℃的温度下反应50～80min；
步骤三、将步骤二体系降温，加入稀释剂将固体含量调为50～70wt％；加入催化剂，将树脂固化时间调成3～5min，既得改性酚醛/三聚氰胺甲醛树脂。
作为上述技术方案的改进，步骤一中的三聚氰胺、酚类化合物和醛类化合物的摩尔比为5:3:22～24。
作为上述技术方案的改进，步骤一中的酚类化合物为甲酚、苯酚和腰果酚中的一种或者多种。
作为上述技术方案的改进，步骤一中的醛类化合物为甲醛、多聚甲醛中的一种或者两种。
作为上述技术方案的改进，步骤二中的硅烷偶联剂为kh550型硅烷偶联剂、kh560型硅烷偶联剂中的一种或者两种。
作为上述技术方案的改进，步骤二中的催化剂为乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺中的一种或者多种。
作为上述技术方案的改进，稀释剂为溶剂型或者反应型的醇类稀释剂、酮类稀释剂、酰胺类稀释剂或者醚类稀释剂。
作为上述技术方案的改进，无碱玻璃纤维布为连续纤维，每平米克重为100-300g。
作为上述技术方案的改进，步骤三中树脂固化时间的测试温度为160±1℃。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明所述的耐高温耐湿电无卤阻燃玻璃布层压板的制备方法选用酚醛树脂、硅烷偶联剂对三聚氰胺甲醛树脂进行改性，在不添加无机添加剂的前提下保证良好的无卤阻燃特性(FV0级)和耐电弧性(180s)的同时，体现优异的常/热态机械弯曲性能：常态下弯曲强度大于等于340MPa，150℃下弯曲强度大于等于170MPa。室温浸水72小时的击穿电压大于等于50KV。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
向反应瓶中加入融化好的苯酚70g、三聚氰胺150g和37wt％的甲醛溶液71g，升温至75～95℃，加入三乙醇胺4g，反应50min；
降温并投入氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷5g，在65～95℃下，反应50min；
降温并投入甲醇150g；加入三乙醇胺3g，制备成固体含量50～70wt％、树脂固化时间3～5min(测试温度为160±1℃)的改性酚醛/三聚氰胺甲醛树脂，备用；
用改性酚醛/三聚氰胺甲醛树脂体系的涂覆单位平米克重为200g的无碱玻璃纤维布，经烘焙、叠合和热压制成板，该板编号为1#，性能测试结果见表1。
实施例2
向反应瓶中加入融化好的苯酚70g、三聚氰胺150g和多聚甲醛30g，升温至75～95℃，加入二乙醇胺3g，反应60min；
降温并投入氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷5g，在65～95℃下，反应60min；
降温并投入乙醇130g；加入二乙醇胺2g，制备成固体含量50～70wt％、树脂固化时间3～5min(测试温度为160±1℃)的改性酚醛/三聚氰胺甲醛树脂，备用；
用改性酚醛/三聚氰胺甲醛树脂体系涂覆单位平米克重为100g-300g的无碱玻璃纤维布，经烘焙、叠合和热压制成板，该板编号为2#，性能测试结果见表1。
表1
Figure BDA0002230922490000041
Figure BDA0002230922490000051
在上述实施例中，所述合成的树脂为单一均相树脂。
为了同时满足耐高温和耐湿电无卤阻燃的要求，首先需要选用氨基树脂和酚醛树脂，通过酚醛树脂改善氨基树脂的耐热性，同时需要向树脂结构中引用一定量的硅氧结构，减少亚甲基与三嗪环之间的空间交错，降低固化后树脂硬度，增减树脂韧性，同时增加树脂的密度，从而提高树脂的耐湿电性能。
氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷为KH550型硅烷偶联剂。
本发明所述的耐高温耐湿电无卤阻燃玻璃布层压板的制备方法与现有技术不同之处在于：本发明所述的耐高温耐湿电无卤阻燃玻璃布层压板的制备方法选用酚醛树脂、硅烷偶联剂对三聚氰胺甲醛树脂进行改性，在不添加无机添加剂的前提下保证良好的无卤阻燃特性(FV0级)和耐电弧性(180s)的同时，体现优异的常/热态机械弯曲性能：常态下弯曲强度大于等于340MPa，150℃下弯曲强度大于等于170MPa。室温浸水72小时的击穿电压大于等于50KV。
本发明所述耐高温耐湿电无卤阻燃玻璃布层压板保留了三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的无卤阻燃性和优良天然灭弧性，引入酚醛结构提高树脂的耐高温性能和机械强度，引入硅氧结构进一步提高耐高温性能和耐湿电性能。既具有满足环保要求的无卤阻燃性能，又具有良好的耐高温性和耐湿电性。本发明所述耐高温耐湿电无卤阻燃玻璃布层压板所合成的树脂为单一均相树脂。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种耐高温耐湿电无卤阻燃玻璃布层压板的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
以改性酚醛/三聚氰胺甲醛树脂为树脂基体，以无碱玻璃纤维布为基材，经上胶、烘焙、叠合和热压而成；
所述改性酚醛/三聚氰胺甲醛树脂的制备方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一、将酚类化合物、三聚氰胺、醛类化合物、胺类化合物投入反应釜，升温至75～95℃，反应40～100min；
步骤二、将步骤一体系降温，然后加入硅烷偶联剂，在65～95℃的温度下反应50～80min；
步骤三、将步骤二体系降温，加入稀释剂将固体含量调为50～70wt％；加入催化剂，将树脂固化时间调成3～5min，既得改性酚醛/三聚氰胺甲醛树脂；
步骤一中的三聚氰胺、酚类化合物和醛类化合物的摩尔比为5:3:22～24；
所述步骤一中的酚类化合物为苯酚，所述步骤一中的醛类化合物为37wt％的甲醛溶液或多聚甲醛；
所述稀释剂为溶剂型或者反应型的醇类稀释剂；
步骤二中的硅烷偶联剂为kh550型硅烷偶联剂；
步骤三 中的催化剂为二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温耐湿电无卤阻燃玻璃布层压板的制备方法，其特征在于：无碱玻璃纤维布为连续纤维，每平米克重为100-300g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温耐湿电无卤阻燃玻璃布层压板的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤三中树脂固化时间的测试温度为160±1℃。
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