CN110563823A - 一种凝集活性较高的茶褐牛肝菌凝集素的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种凝集活性较高的茶褐牛肝菌凝集素的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种凝集活性较高的茶褐牛肝菌凝集素的制备方法。将新鲜的茶褐牛肝菌子实体粉碎后经浸提、沉淀、离心、透析除盐、冷冻干燥等步骤后得到凝集素粗品。之后经DAEA离子交换柱层析、sephadex G‑100分子凝胶过滤层析等步骤得到茶褐牛肝菌的凝集素。本发明通过对新鲜茶褐牛肝菌进行浸提、沉淀、透析除盐、离子交换、凝胶层析等过程获得了凝集活性较高的茶褐牛肝菌凝集素,有助于茶褐牛肝菌活性成分多方位的开发利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及一种凝集活性较高的茶褐牛肝菌凝集素的制备方法。
背景技术
茶褐牛肝菌(Sutorius brunneissimus),又名羊肝菌、黑羊肝、黑牛肝等,属于担子菌门、伞菌纲、牛肝菌目、牛肝菌科、异色牛肝菌属,是一种广泛分布于云南、贵州、四川等中国西南地区的药食兼用真菌。研究表明,茶褐牛肝菌具有抗肿瘤、降血糖、保肝利胆、提高人体免疫力、调节内分泌等功能。由于营养方式的特殊,该菌目前尚未人工栽培,对其开发利用正成为国内外学者们的研究热点。
凝集素是一种非免疫来源、不具酶活性、至少具有一个非催化结构域、能可逆地结合特异性单糖或低聚糖的糖蛋白或糖结合蛋白。分子量从几万Da到几十万Da,一般由2或4个亚基构成。根据来源不同可分为植物凝集素、动物凝集素和真菌凝集素等;其中来源于植物、微生物的凝集素属于外源性凝集素,来源于动物的凝集素属于内源性凝集素;根据其在细胞中结合的部位不同可分为可溶性凝集素和膜结合凝集素;还可以根据与糖结合的专一性分为D-甘露糖或D-葡萄糖凝集素、D-半乳糖凝集素、N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖凝集素、N-乙酰氨基半乳糖凝集素、L-岩藻糖凝集素和唾液酸或N-乙酰神经氨酸凝集素等。研究表明,凝集素依靠结合的糖分子与外源细胞相互识别,具有凝集细胞、免疫调节、促有丝分裂、抗癌、抗菌、抗病毒等多种生物学功能。在医学肿瘤治疗研究方面,利用凝集素的糖特异结合性及细胞毒性,凝集素不仅可用于构成免疫毒素,还能用作免疫佐剂和靶向运载工具。目前,人们已经分离纯化了1000多种凝集素,但大多是植物凝集素,仅豆科植物凝集素就达600余种,对大型真菌尤其是牛肝菌类凝集素的研究相对较少。
茶褐牛肝菌含有丰富的蛋白质、氨基酸、膳食纤维、微量元素等营养成分,同时研究还发现其富含麦角甾醇、富马酸单甲酯、烟酰胺等生理活性成分,而目前国内外对茶褐牛肝菌凝集素却尚无报道。本发明通过对新鲜茶褐牛肝菌进行浸提、沉淀、透析除盐、离子交换、凝胶层析等过程获得了凝集活性较高的茶褐牛肝菌凝集素,有助于茶褐牛肝菌活性成分多方位的开发利用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种凝集活性较高的茶褐牛肝菌凝集素的制备方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的,包括前处理、浸提、第一次离心、静置沉淀、第二次离心和后处理步骤,具体包括:
A、前处理:选取茶褐牛肝菌新鲜子实体,剪碎,加入Tris-HCl缓冲液于组织捣碎机中捣碎得到物料a;
B、浸提:物料a中加入物料a体积10~15倍的Tris-HCl缓冲液浸提得到浸提液b;
C、第一次离心:将浸提液b经离心处理后弃掉沉淀,收集上清液得到物料c;
D、静置沉淀:将物料c中加入固体硫酸铵至30~40%饱和度,静置沉淀得到物料d;
E、第二次离心:将物料d经离心处理后收集沉淀得到沉淀e;
F、后处理:
1)沉淀e中加入磷酸盐缓冲液透析除盐、冷冻干燥得到凝集素粗品f;
2)将凝集素粗品f经层析后得到目标物茶褐牛肝菌凝集素。
本发明通过对新鲜茶褐牛肝菌进行浸提、沉淀、透析除盐、离子交换、凝胶层析等过程获得了凝集活性较高的茶褐牛肝菌凝集素,有助于茶褐牛肝菌活性成分多方位的开发利用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但不以任何方式对本发明加以限制,基于本发明教导所作的任何变换或替换,均属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明所述的凝集活性较高的茶褐牛肝菌凝集素的制备方法,包括前处理、浸提、第一次离心、静置沉淀、第二次离心和后处理步骤,具体包括:
A、前处理:选取茶褐牛肝菌新鲜子实体,剪碎,加入Tris-HCl缓冲液于组织捣碎机中捣碎得到物料a;
B、浸提:物料a中加入物料a体积10~15倍的Tris-HCl缓冲液浸提得到浸提液b;
C、第一次离心:将浸提液b经离心处理后弃掉沉淀,收集上清液得到物料c;
D、静置沉淀:将物料c中加入固体硫酸铵至30~40%饱和度,静置沉淀得到物料d;
E、第二次离心:将物料d经离心处理后收集沉淀得到沉淀e;
F、后处理:
1)沉淀e中加入磷酸盐缓冲液透析除盐、冷冻干燥得到凝集素粗品f;
2)将凝集素粗品f经层析后得到目标物茶褐牛肝菌凝集素。
所述的Tris-HCl缓冲液的浓度为0.01mol/L。
所述的Tris-HCl缓冲液的pH值为7.4。
B步骤中浸提的温度控制在3~5℃。
C、E步骤中离心处理是将浸提液b在转速8000~12000rmp/min的条件下离心10~20min。
C、E步骤中离心处理的温度控制在3~5℃。
D步骤中所述的静置沉淀的温度控制在3~5℃,静置沉淀的时间为12~24h。
F步骤中所述的层析包括DAEA-Cellulose离子交换柱层析和sephadex G-100分子凝胶过滤层析。
所述的层析包括DAEA-Cellulose离子交换柱层析是取凝集素粗品f,用磷酸盐缓冲液溶解,上样于预先用磷酸盐缓冲液平衡过3个柱体积的DAEA-Cellulose离子交换柱上,然后以20ml/h的速度用磷酸盐缓冲液洗脱,收集所需洗脱峰组分,充分透析除盐,冷冻干燥;所述的洗脱峰为第3个洗脱峰。
所述的sephadex G-100分子凝胶过滤层析是取DAEA-Cellulose离子交换柱层析后的凝集素样品,用磷酸盐缓冲液溶解,上样于预先用蒸馏水平衡过的sephadex G-100分子凝胶过滤层析交换柱上,然后以30ml/h的速度用磷酸盐缓冲液洗脱,收集所需洗脱峰组分,充分透析除盐,冷冻干燥得到茶褐牛肝菌凝集素;所述的洗脱峰为第2个洗脱峰。
所述的磷酸盐缓冲液的浓度为0.01mol/L,pH值为7.4。
下面以具体实施案例对本发明做进一步说明:
实施例1
(1)凝集素粗品的提取:茶褐牛肝菌新鲜子实体称重、剪碎,加入少量Tris-Hcl缓冲液(0.01mol/L,pH7.4),组织捣碎机捣碎,然后按照料液比1:10加入Tris-Hcl缓冲液,于4℃条件下浸提24-48h,滤液经过滤后于4℃,12000rmp/min条件下离心15min,弃掉沉淀,收集上清液。加入固体硫酸铵至35%饱和度,4℃条件下透析12h,于4℃,12000rmp/min条件下离心15min,收集沉淀。加入5 mL磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS缓冲液,0.01mol/L,pH7.4),充分透析除盐,检测凝集活性,冷冻干燥后得到凝集素粗品。
(2)DAEA-Cellulose离子交换柱层析:取步骤(1)凝集素粗品,用磷酸盐缓冲液溶解,上样于预先用磷酸盐缓冲液平衡过3个柱体积的DAEA-Cellulose离子交换柱上,然后以20ml/h的速度用磷酸盐缓冲液洗脱,收集洗脱峰组分,充分透析除盐,冷冻干燥。
(3)sephadex G-100分子凝胶过滤层析:取步骤(2)凝集素样品,用磷酸盐缓冲液溶解,上样于预先用蒸馏水平衡过的sephadex G-100分子凝胶过滤层析交换柱上,然后以30ml/h的速度用磷酸盐缓冲液洗脱,收集洗脱峰组分,充分透析除盐,冷冻干燥得到茶褐牛肝菌凝集素。
实施例2
(1)凝集素粗品的提取:茶褐牛肝菌新鲜子实体称重、剪碎,加入少量Tris-Hcl缓冲液(0.01mol/L,pH7.4),组织捣碎机捣碎,然后按照料液比1:12加入Tris-Hcl缓冲液,于4℃条件下浸提36h,滤液经过滤后于4℃,10000rmp/min条件下离心15min,弃掉沉淀,收集上清液。加入固体硫酸铵至40%饱和度,4℃条件下透析12h,于4℃,10000rmp/min条件下离心15min,收集沉淀。加入5 mL磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS缓冲液,0.01mol/L,pH7.4),充分透析除盐,检测凝集活性,冷冻干燥后得到凝集素粗品。
(2)DAEA-Cellulose离子交换柱层析:取步骤(1)凝集素粗品,用磷酸盐缓冲液溶解,上样于预先用磷酸盐缓冲液平衡过3个柱体积的DAEA-Cellulose离子交换柱上,然后以20ml/h的速度用磷酸盐缓冲液洗脱,收集洗脱峰组分,充分透析除盐,冷冻干燥。
(3)sephadex G-100分子凝胶过滤层析:取步骤(2)凝集素样品,用磷酸盐缓冲液溶解,上样于预先用蒸馏水平衡过的sephadex G-100分子凝胶过滤层析交换柱上,然后以30ml/h的速度用磷酸盐缓冲液洗脱,收集洗脱峰组分,充分透析除盐,冷冻干燥得到茶褐牛肝菌凝集素。
Claims (10)
1.一种凝集活性较高的茶褐牛肝菌凝集素的制备方法,其特征在于包括前处理、浸提、第一次离心、静置沉淀、第二次离心和后处理步骤,具体包括:
A、前处理:选取茶褐牛肝菌新鲜子实体,剪碎,加入Tris-HCl缓冲液于组织捣碎机中捣碎得到物料a;
B、浸提:物料a中加入物料a体积10~15倍的Tris-HCl缓冲液浸提得到浸提液b;
C、第一次离心:将浸提液b经离心处理后弃掉沉淀,收集上清液得到物料c;
D、静置沉淀:将物料c中加入固体硫酸铵至30~40%饱和度,静置沉淀得到物料d;
E、第二次离心:将物料d经离心处理后收集沉淀得到沉淀e;
F、后处理:
1)沉淀e中加入磷酸盐缓冲液透析除盐、冷冻干燥得到凝集素粗品f;
2)将凝集素粗品f经层析后得到目标物茶褐牛肝菌凝集素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的凝集活性较高的茶褐牛肝菌凝集素的制备方法,其特征在于所述的Tris-HCl缓冲液的浓度为0.01mol/L。
3.根据权利要求1所述的凝集活性较高的茶褐牛肝菌凝集素的制备方法,其特征在于所述的Tris-HCl缓冲液的pH值为7.4。
4.根据权利要求1所述的凝集活性较高的茶褐牛肝菌凝集素的制备方法,其特征在于B步骤中浸提的温度控制在3~5℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的凝集活性较高的茶褐牛肝菌凝集素的制备方法,其特征在于C、E步骤中离心处理是将浸提液b在转速8000~12000rmp/min的条件下离心10~20min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的凝集活性较高的茶褐牛肝菌凝集素的制备方法,其特征在于C、E步骤中离心处理的温度控制在3~5℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的凝集活性较高的茶褐牛肝菌凝集素的制备方法,其特征在于D步骤中所述的静置沉淀的温度控制在3~5℃,静置沉淀的时间为12~24h。
8.根据权利要求1所述的凝集活性较高的茶褐牛肝菌凝集素的制备方法,其特征在于F步骤中所述的层析包括DAEA-Cellulose离子交换柱层析和sephadex G-100分子凝胶过滤层析。
9.根据权利要求8所述的凝集活性较高的茶褐牛肝菌凝集素的制备方法,其特征在于所述的层析包括DAEA-Cellulose离子交换柱层析是取凝集素粗品f,用磷酸盐缓冲液溶解,上样于预先用磷酸盐缓冲液平衡过3个柱体积的DAEA-Cellulose离子交换柱上,然后以20ml/h的速度用磷酸盐缓冲液洗脱,收集第三个洗脱峰组分,充分透析除盐,冷冻干燥。
10.根据权利要求8所述的凝集活性较高的茶褐牛肝菌凝集素的制备方法,其特征在于所述的sephadex G-100分子凝胶过滤层析是取DAEA-Cellulose离子交换柱层析后的凝集素样品,用磷酸盐缓冲液溶解,上样于预先用蒸馏水平衡过的sephadex G-100分子凝胶过滤层析交换柱上,然后以30ml/h的速度用磷酸盐缓冲液洗脱,收集第二个洗脱峰组分,充分透析除盐,冷冻干燥得到茶褐牛肝菌凝集素。
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