CN110554513B - Optical fiber array device for debugging grating compressor and debugging method thereof - Google Patents

Optical fiber array device for debugging grating compressor and debugging method thereof Download PDF

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CN110554513B
CN110554513B CN201910812152.4A CN201910812152A CN110554513B CN 110554513 B CN110554513 B CN 110554513B CN 201910812152 A CN201910812152 A CN 201910812152A CN 110554513 B CN110554513 B CN 110554513B
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optical fiber
polarization
grating
combination
maintaining
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CN110554513A (en
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朱海东
谢兴龙
杨庆伟
郭爱林
朱健强
康俊
朱坪
孙美智
高奇
梁潇
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Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of CAS
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    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G02B27/44—Grating systems; Zone plate systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/62—Optical apparatus specially adapted for adjusting optical elements during the assembly of optical systems

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Abstract

The device consists of a titanium gem femtosecond laser, an optical fiber coupler, an optical fiber polarization controller, an optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer, an optical fiber polarization measuring instrument, an optical fiber spectrometer, an optical fiber power meter combination, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber beam splitter, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator combination, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator combination, a right-angle beam splitting prism combination, a pyramid combination and a grating compressor to be debugged along the light path direction. The invention constructs an orthogonal array type laser beam group, monitors the grating pair parallelism and the spectral characteristic of a grating compressor to be debugged after combining a multifunctional optical fiber device, provides a criterion for multidimensional high-precision debugging of a compressed grating, ensures the performance of a large-caliber grating compressor, has novel structure and simple operation, and supports ultrashort laser pulse grating compressors and related technical research.

Description

Optical fiber array device for debugging grating compressor and debugging method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for debugging a grating compressor, in particular to an optical fiber array device for debugging an ultrashort laser pulse grating compressor and a debugging method thereof.
Background
The ultrashort ultrastrong laser technology is one of the research hotspots in the laser field in the world. In 1985, after a Chirped Pulse Amplification (CPA) technology is proposed to generate femtosecond pulses, the ultrashort ultrastrong laser technology has further breakthrough progress. At present, the methodThe development of ultrashort ultrastrong laser has entered into a Pantile (PW) with a focusing power density of 1022W/cm2Magnitude, and advancing toward higher goals, is expected to break through 10PW, entering the awa level. The ultrashort ultrastrong laser which reaches the peak power and the focusing power density can create an unprecedented extreme environment in a laboratory, can generate comprehensive extreme physical conditions including ultrahigh energy density, ultrastrong electromagnetic field, ultrashort time scale and the like, and provides a new research means for the fields of laser fusion, plasma physics, celestial body physics, nuclear medicine and the like under the laboratory conditions. Ultrashort ultrastrong laser usually refers to laser pulse width in picoseconds (ps, 10)-12s) or less, or femtosecond (fs, 10)-15s) magnitude, laser power at the level of the Taiwa (TW, 10)12W) or above, or on the order of watts. Countries such as the united states, uk, europe, russia, japan and china have achieved significant results in research projects in this area.
In order to meet the requirement of high peak power, an ultrashort ultrastrong laser source needs to be subjected to four physical processes of pulse broadening, pulse amplification, pulse compression and pulse focusing in the transportation process of a laser system, wherein the pulse compression is completed by a large-caliber grating compressor. When the ultrashort ultrastrong laser source is transmitted to the grating compressor, in order to avoid the damage of elements, the aperture of the light beam is usually injected after reaching one hundred millimeters, so the performance of the grating compressor and the multidimensional high-precision debugging of the grating compressor are one of important research contents and technical difficulties of the ultrashort ultrastrong laser system.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide an optical fiber array apparatus suitable for debugging an ultrashort laser pulse grating compressor and a debugging method thereof. The device comprises a titanium jewel femtosecond laser, an optical fiber coupler, an optical fiber polarization controller, an optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer, an optical fiber polarization measuring instrument, an optical fiber spectrometer, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber beam splitter, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator combination, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator combination, an optical fiber power meter combination, a right-angle beam splitting prism combination, a pyramid combination and a to-be-debugged grating compressor. In the device, the output light beam of the femtosecond laser passes through the optical fiber coupler, the optical fiber polarization controller and the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer and then outputs three monochromatic linear polarization laser sources. The laser beam is combined by the polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator to construct a specific array type laser beam group, the laser beam group is reversely reflected by a pyramid and is coupled to the polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator, the optical fiber power meter monitors the light intensity of the output end of the corresponding polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator to judge the parallelism of the grating, and the optical fiber spectrometer detects the passing characteristic of the broadband spectral light source to complete the precise debugging of the grating compressor to be debugged.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
an optical fiber array device for debugging an ultrashort laser pulse grating compressor is characterized by comprising a titanium gem femtosecond laser, an optical fiber coupler, an optical fiber polarization controller, an optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer, a polarization measuring instrument, an optical fiber spectrometer, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber beam splitter, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator combination, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator combination, an optical fiber power meter combination, a right-angle beam splitting prism combination and a pyramid combination;
the titanium gem femtosecond laser is consistent with a chirped laser pulse amplification laser light source, and an output light beam is coupled into the optical fiber coupler after being attenuated;
the polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator combination consists of four polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulators of the same type, which are sequentially named as a first polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator, a second polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator, a third polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator and a fourth polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator;
the polarization maintaining fiber collimator combination consists of four polarization maintaining fiber collimators of the same type, which are sequentially named as a first polarization maintaining fiber collimator, a second polarization maintaining fiber collimator, a third polarization maintaining fiber collimator and a fourth polarization maintaining fiber collimator, wherein any three polarization maintaining fiber collimators are placed to form a regular triangle, the other polarization maintaining fiber collimator is positioned at the center of the regular triangle, an array type laser beam group is constructed after the four polarization maintaining fiber collimators are output, and the side length parameter of the regular triangle can be selected to meet the requirement that the maximum area is reached in the caliber direction of the chirped laser pulse amplification laser light source;
the optical fiber power meter combination consists of four optical fiber power meters with the same specification, which are respectively named as a first optical fiber power meter, a second optical fiber power meter, a third optical fiber power meter and a fourth optical fiber power meter;
the right-angle beam splitter prism combination consists of a first set of right-angle beam splitter prisms, a second set of right-angle beam splitter prisms and a third set of right-angle beam splitter prisms, and each set of right-angle beam splitter prisms consists of four right-angle beam splitter prisms of the same type;
the pyramid combination consists of a first pyramid combination, a second pyramid combination and a third pyramid combination, and each set of pyramid combination consists of four pyramids of the same type;
the output light beam of the titanium gem femtosecond laser device is incident to the optical fiber coupler, the output end of the optical fiber coupler is sequentially connected with the incident ends of the optical fiber polarization controller, the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer and the polarization maintaining optical fiber beam splitter through a polarization maintaining optical fiber, the polarization maintaining optical fiber beam splitter divides the incident light into five beams to be output, wherein the light intensity of the output light beams of the first to fourth output ends is the same and occupies larger proportion, and the light intensity of the output light beam of the fifth output end is weaker;
the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexing divides incident laser into three monochromatic laser light sources for output, a G end outputs a monochromatic laser light source with the center wavelength of the titanium gem femtosecond laser, an R end outputs a monochromatic laser light source with the center wavelength larger than that of the titanium gem femtosecond laser, and a B end outputs a monochromatic laser light source with the center wavelength smaller than that of the titanium gem femtosecond laser;
the first output end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber beam splitter is connected with the first port of the first polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator, the second port of the first polarization-maintaining fiber circulator is connected with the input end of the first fiber collimator, the third output port of the first polarization-maintaining fiber circulator is connected with the first fiber power meter, similarly, the second to fourth output ends of the polarization-maintaining fiber beam splitter are respectively connected with the first ports of the second to fourth polarization-maintaining fiber circulators, the second ports of the second to fourth polarization-maintaining fiber circulators are connected with the input ends of the second to fourth fiber collimators, the third ports of the second to fourth polarization-maintaining fiber circulators are connected with the second to fourth fiber power meters, the fifth output end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber beam splitter is respectively connected with the polarization measuring instrument and the optical fiber spectrometer;
the polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator combination outputs array laser beams which are respectively incident to four right-angle beam splitting prisms in the first set of right-angle beam splitting prisms in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the first set of right-angle beam splitting prisms equally divide four incident light beams into four first reflected light beams and four first transmitted light beams which are distributed orthogonally, wherein the four first reflected light beams are incident to the first pyramid combination after being transmitted through the second set of right-angle beam splitting prisms, the four first transmitted light beams are incident to the third set of right-angle beam splitting prisms and then equally divide the four incident light beams into four second reflected light beams and four second transmitted light beams which are distributed orthogonally, the four second reflected light beams are incident to the second pyramid combination, and the four second transmitted light beams are incident to the third pyramid combination;
the first pyramid combination, the second pyramid combination and the third pyramid combination respectively reflect incident beams reversely along an original optical path, and the incident beams are respectively incident to a second port of a first polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator, a second port of a second polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator, a second port of a third polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator and a second port of a fourth polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator combination in a one-to-one correspondence mode after passing through the right-angle beam splitter prism combination and the polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator combination. The reverse reflected light beam is output from a third port of the first polarization-maintaining fiber circulator, and the light intensity is measured through a first fiber power meter connected with the reverse reflected light beam; similarly, the reverse reflected light beams are output from the third ports of the second to fourth polarization-maintaining fiber circulators, and the light intensity is measured by the second to fourth fiber power meters connected with the third ports.
The polarization-maintaining fiber collimator combination is arranged on the adjusting table, the adjusting table has a multi-dimensional overall adjusting function, and each polarization-maintaining fiber collimator can be adjusted independently in multiple dimensions.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a method for debugging the ultrashort laser pulse grating compressor, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, connecting a G end of an optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer into an input end of a polarization maintaining optical fiber beam splitter, and selecting a monochromatic laser light source with the center wavelength of a titanium gem femtosecond laser;
step 2, adjusting the adjusting table to enable the output light beam of one polarization maintaining fiber collimator and the output laser of the chirped laser pulse amplification system to share the same optical axis, wherein the optical axis is named as a fourth polarization maintaining fiber collimator, and the other three polarization maintaining fiber collimators are arranged by taking the fourth polarization maintaining fiber collimator as the center to enable the three polarization maintaining fiber collimators to form a regular triangle, so that the output light beams of the four polarization maintaining fiber collimators form an array type laser beam group;
step 3, respectively installing and fixing four gratings (G1, G2, G3 and G4) of a grating compressor to be debugged on respective multidimensional fine adjustment mechanical adjustment frames, wherein a first grating G1 and a second grating G2 form a first group of grating pairs, a third grating G3 and a fourth grating G4 form a second group of grating pairs, the first grating G1 and the second grating G2 are parallel to each other, the distance between the first grating G1 and the second grating G2 meets the design requirement of the grating compressor, the third grating G3 and the fourth grating G4 are parallel to each other, and the distance between the third grating G3 and the fourth grating G4 meets the design requirement of the grating compressor;
step 4, respectively rotating the output ends of the four optical fiber collimators in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator combination around the optical axis of the four optical fiber collimators to ensure that the polarization directions of the output light beams of the four optical fiber collimators are consistent with the linearly polarized light source of the grating compressor; the polarization controller, the polarization measuring instrument and the polarization maintaining optical fiber collimator combined array type laser beam group establish a polarization consistent corresponding relation;
step 5, debugging the right-angle beam splitter prism combination and the pyramid combination in the light path, wherein the optical fiber power meter combination measures the reverse reflection and is coupled to the third port of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator combination to output the laser beam power, and respectively records and forms a light intensity measurement array, namely, under the initial state, the light intensity calibration of the reverse beam of the monochromatic laser light source with the center wavelength of the titanium-gem femtosecond laser is completed;
step 6, connecting the R end of the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer into the input end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber beam splitter, selecting a titanium gem femtosecond laser which is larger than the central wavelength monochromatic laser source, and completing the measurement of the light intensity of the reverse light beam of the titanium gem femtosecond laser which is larger than the central wavelength laser source and the calibration of the light intensity array in the same operation as the step 5;
step 7, connecting the B end of the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer into the input end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber beam splitter, selecting a titanium gem femtosecond laser which is smaller than the center wavelength monochromatic laser light source, and completing the measurement of the light intensity of the reverse light beam of the titanium gem femtosecond laser which is smaller than the center wavelength laser light source and the calibration of the light intensity array in the same operation as the step 5;
step 8, the G end of the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer is connected into the input end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber beam splitter again, the first group of gratings in the grating compressor are oppositely moved into an array type laser beam group optical path output by the polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator combination, the center of the first grating G1 is enabled to be overlapped with the output beam of the fourth polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator, the first grating G1 is rotated to the incident angle of the first grating G1 around the central axis, the spatial attitude of the first grating G1 is locked, the array type laser beam group is transmitted to the second grating G2 along the same diffraction angle direction after passing through the first grating G1, and the second grating G2 is moved, so that the center of the second grating G2 is enabled to be overlapped with the output beam of the fourth polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator;
step 9, finely debugging the posture of the second grating G2, and completing debugging and locking by the second grating G2 when the intensity of the four light beams which are reversely reflected by the pyramid group and output by the polarization maintaining optical fiber circulator through the combination of the third port is matched with the light intensity array calibrated in the step 5;
step 10, a second group of grating pairs are symmetrically placed by taking a vertical light beam as a central symmetry axis after a light beam emitted by the polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator is reflected by the right-angle beam splitting prism group, the light beam output by the polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator enters the center of a third grating G3 and the center of a fourth grating G4, the postures of the third grating G3 and the fourth grating G4 are finely debugged, and when the intensities of two groups of light beams reflected by the pyramid group and returned by the polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator and combined with a third port output light beam are matched with the light intensity calibrated in the step 5, the third grating G3 and the fourth grating G4 are debugged and locked;
step 11, connecting the R end of the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer into the input end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber beam splitter, moving the right-angle beam splitting prism group along the direction perpendicular to the diffracted light beam of the second grating G2, enabling the optical fiber array laser beam group to vertically enter the side surface of the right-angle beam splitting prism group, namely realizing the reverse reflection of an incident light source after pyramid combination, and finishing the evaluation of the spectral width of the grating compressor, which is larger than the central wavelength laser light source through the titanium-sapphire femtosecond laser when recording that the light intensity array of the third port combined by the polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator is matched with the light intensity calibrated in the step 6;
step 12, connecting the B end of the fiber wavelength division multiplexer into the input end of the polarization-maintaining fiber beam splitter, moving the right-angle beam splitting prism group along the direction perpendicular to the diffracted light beam of the second grating G2, enabling the fiber array laser beam group to vertically enter the right-angle beam splitting prism group, namely realizing the reverse reflection of an incident light source after pyramid combination, and completing the evaluation of the spectral width of the grating compressor smaller than the central wavelength laser light source through the titanium-sapphire femtosecond laser when the record is matched with the light intensity calibrated in the step 7 through the third port light intensity group of the polarization-maintaining fiber circulator combination;
step 13, the parallelism of grating surfaces of two groups of grating pairs (G1 and G2, G3 and G4) of the grating compressor can be judged by comparing the light intensity arrays of the third output end of the polarization-maintaining fiber circulator combination, and the spectral width characteristic of the grating compressor passing through the titanium-sapphire femtosecond laser broadband light source is evaluated;
and step 14, locking all the multi-dimensional grating adjusting frames after debugging is finished, and withdrawing the polarization maintaining optical fiber collimator combination, the right-angle beam splitter prism combination and the pyramid combination to finish debugging of the grating compressor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the method comprises the following steps that a regular triangle is formed by utilizing a polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator to form an array type laser beam group, the laser beam group occupies the largest area as far as possible in the aperture of a light beam and has a specific spatial orthogonality structure, and meanwhile, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator, a right-angle beam splitter prism, a pyramid and an optical fiber power meter are combined to monitor the parallelism of two directions of a grating compressor in real time;
3) outputting three monochromatic linear polarization laser light sources by a femtosecond laser device after outputting light beams through an optical fiber coupler, an optical fiber polarization controller and an optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer, wherein the light beams can be selected one by one to evaluate the spectral characteristics of the grating compressor passing through the laser light sources;
3) the device overall structure is novel, and easy operation possesses simultaneously monitoring grating to depth of parallelism and spectral feature, provides the criterion for compressing the high accuracy debugging of grating multidimension, supports ultrashort laser pulse grating compressor and correlation technique research.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a layout diagram of an optical fiber array device before debugging an ultrashort laser pulse grating compressor
FIG. 2 is a device layout diagram of an optical fiber array device after debugging an ultrashort laser pulse grating compressor
FIG. 3 is a layout diagram of the laser beam set of the output array of the fiber collimator
FIG. 4 is a layout diagram of a polarization maintaining fiber circulator combination and a fiber power meter combination
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, as shown in the figure, an optical fiber array apparatus for debugging an ultrashort laser pulse grating compressor includes a titanium sapphire femtosecond laser 1, an optical fiber coupler 2, an optical fiber polarization controller 3, an optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer 4, a polarization measuring instrument 5, an optical fiber spectrometer 6, a polarization maintaining optical fiber beam splitter 7, a polarization maintaining optical fiber circulator combination 8, a polarization maintaining optical fiber collimator combination 9, an optical fiber power meter combination 10, a right-angle beam splitter prism combination 11, and a pyramid combination 12;
the titanium gem femtosecond laser 1 is consistent with a chirped laser pulse amplification laser light source, an output light beam is attenuated and then coupled to enter the optical fiber coupler 2, the titanium gem femtosecond laser outputs 10fs of pulse width, 808nm of central wavelength, 90 nm-100 nm (FWHM) of spectral width, 75MHz of repetition frequency, and is coupled to enter the optical fiber coupler with 20mW of power after being attenuated; (ii) a
The polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator combination 8 consists of four polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulators (named as photoelectric MCPCIR series) of the same type, which are named as a first polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator 81, a second polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator 82, a third polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator 83 and a fourth polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator 84 in sequence;
the polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator combination 9 consists of four polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimators (Thorlabs PAF2A-A10B) of the same type, which are sequentially named as a first polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator 91, a second polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator 92, a third polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator 93 and a fourth polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator 94, wherein optionally three polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimators are placed to form a regular triangle, the other polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator is positioned at the center of the regular triangle, an array type laser beam group is constructed after the four polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimators output, the side length parameter of the regular triangle can be selected to meet the condition that the maximum area is reached in the caliber direction of the chirped laser pulse amplification laser source, the caliber of the output light beam of the optical fiber collimator is 10mm, the side length of the regular triangle laser beam group is 242.5mm, and the maximum area is distributed in the light beam caliber area of the incident grating compressor to be 290mm and 290mm as large as possible;
the optical fiber power meter combination 10 comprises four optical fiber power meters (Thorlabs PM20A) with the same specification, which are respectively named as a first optical fiber power meter 101, a second optical fiber power meter 102, a third optical fiber power meter 103 and a fourth optical fiber power meter 104;
the right-angle beam splitter prism assembly 11 consists of a first set of right-angle beam splitter prisms 111, a second set of right-angle beam splitter prisms 112 and a third set of right-angle beam splitter prisms 113, and each set of right-angle beam splitter prisms consists of four right-angle beam splitter prisms (Thorlabs BS014) of the same type;
the pyramid combination 12 consists of a first pyramid combination 121, a second pyramid combination 122 and a third pyramid combination 123, and each set of pyramid combination consists of four pyramids (Thorlabs PS975-A) of the same type;
the output light beam of the titanium gem femtosecond laser 1 is incident to the optical fiber coupler 2, the output end of the optical fiber coupler 2 is sequentially connected with the incident ends of the optical fiber polarization controller 3, the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer 4 and the polarization maintaining optical fiber beam splitter 7 through a polarization maintaining optical fiber, the polarization maintaining optical fiber beam splitter 7 divides the incident light into five beams to be output, wherein the light intensity of the output light beams of the first to fourth output ends is the same and occupies a larger proportion, and the light intensity of the output light beam of the fifth output end is weaker;
the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexing 4 divides incident laser into three monochromatic laser light sources for output, a G end outputs a monochromatic laser light source with the center wavelength of the titanium gem femtosecond laser, an R end outputs a monochromatic laser light source with the center wavelength larger than that of the titanium gem femtosecond laser, a B end outputs a monochromatic laser light source with the center wavelength smaller than that of the titanium gem femtosecond laser, a G end outputs a monochromatic laser light source with the center wavelength of the titanium gem femtosecond laser of 808 +/-0.5 nm, an R end outputs a monochromatic laser light source with the center wavelength of 830 +/-0.5 nm, and a B end outputs a monochromatic laser light source with the center wavelength of 780nm +/-0.5 nm. In the implementation, the output light intensity of the G end is 10mW, the output light intensity of the R end is 4mW, and the output light intensity of the B end is 4 mW;
a first output terminal of the polarization-maintaining fiber splitter 7 is connected to a first port of the first polarization-maintaining fiber circulator 81, a second port of the first polarization-maintaining fiber circulator 81 is connected to an input terminal of the first fiber collimator 91, a third output port of the first polarization-maintaining fiber circulator 81 is connected to the first fiber power meter 101, and similarly, second to fourth output terminals of the polarization-maintaining fiber splitter 7 are connected to first ports of the second to fourth polarization-maintaining fiber circulators 82,83,84, respectively, second ports of the second to fourth polarization-maintaining fiber circulators 82,83,84 are connected to input terminals of the second to fourth fiber collimators 92,93,94, third ports of the second to fourth polarization-maintaining fiber circulators 82,83,84 are connected to the second to fourth fiber power meters 102,103,104, and a fifth output terminal of the polarization-maintaining fiber splitter 7 is connected to polarization meters sp 5 (sporum 5/la x) and sp la x1000 of the polarization meter (spor 1) and sp la x1000 The fiber spectrometer 6(OCEAN-HDX-VIS-NIR) is connected;
the polarization maintaining fiber collimator assembly 9 outputs array laser beams which are respectively incident to four right-angle beam splitting prisms in the first set of right-angle beam splitting prisms 111 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the first set of right-angle beam splitting prisms 111 equally divides four incident light beams into four first reflected light beams and four first transmitted light beams which are orthogonally distributed, wherein the four first reflected light beams are incident to the first pyramid assembly 121 after being transmitted through the second set of right-angle beam splitting prisms 112, the four first transmitted light beams are incident to the third set of right-angle beam splitting prisms 113 and then equally divide the four incident light beams into four second reflected light beams and four second transmitted light beams which are orthogonally distributed again, the four second reflected light beams are incident to the second pyramid assembly 122, and the four second transmitted light beams are incident to the third pyramid assembly 123;
the first pyramid combination 121, the second pyramid combination 122 and the third pyramid combination 123 respectively reflect incident light beams reversely along the original light path, and the incident light beams respectively enter the second port of the first polarization maintaining optical fiber circulator 81, the second port of the second polarization maintaining optical fiber circulator 82, the second port of the third polarization maintaining optical fiber circulator 83 and the second port of the fourth polarization maintaining optical fiber circulator 84 in the polarization maintaining optical fiber circulator combination (8) in a one-to-one correspondence manner after passing through the right-angle beam splitting prism combination 11 and the polarization maintaining optical fiber collimator combination 9. The reverse reflected light beam is output from the third port of the first polarization-maintaining fiber circulator 81, and the light intensity is measured by a first fiber power meter 101 connected with the reverse reflected light beam; similarly, the reflected light beams are output from the third ports of the second to fourth polarization-maintaining fiber circulators 82,83,84, and the light intensities are measured by the second to fourth fiber power meters 102,103,104 connected thereto.
The polarization-maintaining fiber collimator combination is arranged on the adjusting table, the adjusting table has a multi-dimensional overall adjusting function, and each polarization-maintaining fiber collimator can be adjusted independently in multiple dimensions.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a method for debugging the ultrashort laser pulse grating compressor, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, connecting a G end of an optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer 4 to an input end of a polarization maintaining optical fiber beam splitter 7, and selecting a monochromatic laser light source with the center wavelength of a titanium-sapphire femtosecond laser;
step 2, adjusting the adjusting table to enable the output light beam of one polarization maintaining fiber collimator and the output laser of the chirped laser pulse amplification system to share the same optical axis, namely a fourth polarization maintaining fiber collimator (94), and arranging other three polarization maintaining fiber collimators by taking the fourth polarization maintaining fiber collimator (94) as the center to enable the three polarization maintaining fiber collimators to form a regular triangle and enable the output light beams of the four polarization maintaining fiber collimators to form an array type laser beam group;
step 3, respectively installing and fixing four gratings G1, G2, G3 and G4 of the grating compressor 13 to be debugged on respective multidimensional fine adjustment mechanical adjustment frames, wherein a first grating G1 and a second grating G2 form a first group of grating pairs, a third grating G3 and a fourth grating G4 form a second group of grating pairs, the first grating G1 and the second grating G2 are parallel to each other, the distance between the first grating G1 and the second grating G2 meets the design requirement of the grating compressor 13, the third grating G3 and the fourth grating G4 are parallel to each other, the distance between the third grating G3 and the fourth grating G4 meets the design requirement of the grating compressor 13, the grating compressor 13 enters a horizontal line polarization light source, and the technical parameters of the grating compressor are as follows:
a) center wavelength: 808nm
b) Chirp rate: -21.3ps/nm
c) And (3) outputting a pulse width: 30fs
d) Grating ruling: 1740 lines/mm gold-plated grating
e) Incident angle: 56 degree
f) Aperture of incident beam: 290mm x 290mm
g) Full width at half maximum of the spectrum: 32nm
h) Grating to center slant distance: 872mm
i) The transmittance of the grating compressor is 72 percent
j) Single grating diffraction efficiency: 92 percent of
Step 4, respectively rotating the output ends of the four optical fiber collimators 91, 92,93 and 94 in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator assembly 9 around the optical axis thereof to enable the polarization directions of the output light beams to be consistent with the linearly polarized light source of the grating compressor 13; the polarization controller 3, the polarization measuring instrument 5 and the polarization maintaining optical fiber collimator combination 9 array type laser beam group establish a consistent corresponding relation of horizontal line polarization;
step 5, debugging the right-angle beam splitter prism combination 11 and the pyramid combination 12 in the light path, measuring the power of a laser beam which is reflected reversely and coupled to the third port of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator combination 8 by the optical fiber power meter combination 10, and respectively recording and forming a light intensity measuring array, namely completing the light intensity calibration of the center wavelength monochromatic laser light source reverse beam of the titanium-gem femtosecond laser in an initial state;
step 6, connecting the R end of the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer 4 to the input end of a polarization maintaining optical fiber beam splitter 7, selecting a titanium gem femtosecond laser which is larger than the central wavelength monochromatic laser light source, and completing the measurement of the reverse light beam intensity and the calibration of the light intensity array of the titanium gem femtosecond laser which is larger than the central wavelength laser light source in the same operation as the step 5;
step 7, connecting the end B of the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer 4 to the input end of the polarization maintaining optical fiber beam splitter 7, selecting a titanium gem femtosecond laser which is smaller than the center wavelength monochromatic laser light source, and completing the reverse light beam light intensity measurement and light intensity array calibration of the titanium gem femtosecond laser which is smaller than the center wavelength laser light source in the same operation as the step 5;
step 8, the G end of the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer 4 is connected to the input end of the polarization maintaining optical fiber beam splitter 7 again, the first group of gratings in the grating compressor 13 are moved into the optical path of the array type laser beam group output by the polarization maintaining optical fiber collimator combination 9, so that the center of the first grating G1 is overlapped with the output beam of the fourth polarization maintaining optical fiber collimator 94, the first grating G1 is rotated to the incident angle of the first grating G1 around the central axis, the spatial posture of the first grating G1 is locked, the array type laser beam group is transmitted and incident to the second grating G2 along the same diffraction angle direction after passing through the first grating G1, and the second grating G2 is moved, so that the center of the second grating G2 is overlapped with the output beam of the fourth polarization maintaining optical fiber collimator 94;
step 9, finely debugging the posture of the second grating G2, and completing debugging and locking by the second grating G2 when the four light beams which are reversely reflected by the pyramid group 121 and output by the polarization maintaining optical fiber circulator combination 8 through the third port have the light beam intensity matched with the light intensity array calibrated in the step 5;
step 10, symmetrically arranging a second group of grating pairs by taking a vertical light beam as a central symmetry axis after a light beam emitted by the polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator 94 is reflected by the right-angle beam splitting prism group 111, enabling an output light beam of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator 94 to enter the center of a third grating G3 and the center of a fourth grating G4, finely debugging the postures of the third grating G3 and the fourth grating G4, and completing debugging and locking the third grating G3 and the fourth grating G4 when the intensities of two groups of light beams reflected by the pyramid group 122 and the pyramid group 123 and returned by the polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator combination 8 and output light beams from a third port are matched with the light intensity calibrated in the step 5;
step 11, connecting the R end of the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer 4 to the input end of the polarization maintaining optical fiber beam splitter 7, moving the right-angle beam splitting prism group 112 along the direction perpendicular to the diffracted light beam of the second grating G2, so that the optical fiber array laser beam group vertically enters the side surface of the right-angle beam splitting prism group 112, namely realizing the reverse reflection of an incident light source after passing through the pyramid combination 12, and finishing the evaluation of the spectrum width of the grating compressor 13 which is larger than the central wavelength laser source through the titanium sapphire femtosecond laser when recording that the light intensity group at the third port of the polarization maintaining optical fiber circulator combination 8 is matched with the light intensity calibrated in the step 6;
step 12, the end B of the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer 4 is connected to the input end of the polarization maintaining optical fiber beam splitter 7, the right-angle beam splitting prism group 112 is moved along the direction perpendicular to the diffracted light beam of the second grating G2, so that the incident light source can be reversely reflected after passing through the pyramid group 12 by the optical fiber array laser beam group perpendicularly entering the right-angle beam splitting prism group 112, and when the light intensity of the third port of the polarization maintaining optical fiber circulator group 8 is matched with the light intensity calibrated in the step 7, the evaluation of the spectrum width of the grating compressor 13, which is smaller than the center wavelength laser light source through the titanium sapphire femtosecond laser, is completed;
in the embodiment, the diffraction efficiency of a single grating in the grating compressor is 92%, and the laser light intensity power arrays obtained in steps 5, 6, and 7 are all values which are not diffracted by the grating, that is, the initial state. The optical fiber array beam output by the polarization maintaining collimator group 9 passes through the pyramid group 121 and then is reversely reflected to the output beam of the third port of the polarization maintaining optical fiber circulator combination 8, and the output beam passes through the gratings (G1, G2, G2 and G1 in sequence) for four times, so that the light intensity attenuation rate is 0.92, namely 72%; similarly, after the optical fiber array beam output by the polarization maintaining collimator set 9 passes through the pyramid set 122 and the pyramid set 122, the light intensity attenuation rate is eight powers of 0.92, which is 51%. The measured light intensity values in the steps 9, 10, 11 and 12 are matched with the calibrated light intensity values, so that the attenuation rate relation is satisfied.
Step 13, the parallelism of the grating surfaces of two groups of grating pairs G1 and G2, G3 and G4 of the grating compressor 13 can be judged by comparing the light intensity arrays of the third output end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator combination 8, and the spectral width characteristic of the grating compressor 13 passing through the broadband light source of the titanium-sapphire femtosecond laser is evaluated;
and step 14, locking all the multi-dimensional grating adjusting frames after debugging is finished, and withdrawing the polarization maintaining optical fiber collimator combination 9, the right-angle beam splitter prism combination 11 and the pyramid combination 12 to finish debugging of the grating compressor 13.
The invention is applied to a large-caliber grating compressor of a large-scale ultrashort laser device, and completes multiple rounds of target practice experiments, thereby obtaining satisfactory physical results. The device and the method for debugging the optical fiber array of the grating compressor effectively improve the debugging efficiency of the large-diameter grating compressor, realize the multidimensional high-precision debugging of the grating compressor, have the real-time monitoring function and ensure the performance of the large-diameter grating compressor, so the device and the method provide creative means and methods for the debugging of the grating compressor of the ultrashort ultrastrong laser system and the related technical development.

Claims (3)

1. An optical fiber array device for debugging an ultrashort laser pulse grating compressor is characterized by comprising a titanium gem femtosecond laser (1), an optical fiber coupler (2), an optical fiber polarization controller (3), an optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer (4), a polarization measuring instrument (5), an optical fiber spectrometer (6), a polarization-maintaining optical fiber beam splitter (7), a polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator combination (8), a polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator combination (9), an optical fiber power meter combination (10), a right-angle beam splitting prism combination (11) and a pyramid combination (12);
the titanium gem femtosecond laser (1) is consistent with a chirped laser pulse amplification laser light source, and output light beams are coupled into the optical fiber coupler (2) after being attenuated;
the polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator combination (8) consists of four polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulators of the same type, which are sequentially named as a first polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator (81), a second polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator (82), a third polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator (83) and a fourth polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator (84);
the polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator combination (9) consists of four polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimators of the same type, which are sequentially named as a first polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator (91), a second polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator (92), a third polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator (93) and a fourth polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator (94), wherein any three polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimators are placed to form a regular triangle, the other polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator is positioned at the center of the regular triangle, an array type laser beam group is constructed after the four polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimators output, and the length parameter of the regular triangle can be selected to meet the requirement that the maximum area is reached in the caliber direction of the chirped laser pulse amplification laser light source;
the optical fiber power meter combination (10) consists of four optical fiber power meters with the same specification, which are respectively named as a first optical fiber power meter (101), a second optical fiber power meter (102), a third optical fiber power meter (103) and a fourth optical fiber power meter (104);
the right-angle beam splitting prism combination (11) consists of a first set of right-angle beam splitting prisms (111), a second set of right-angle beam splitting prisms (112) and a third set of right-angle beam splitting prisms (113), and each set of right-angle beam splitting prisms consists of four right-angle beam splitting prisms of the same type;
the pyramid combination (12) consists of a first pyramid combination (121), a second pyramid combination (122) and a third pyramid combination (123), and each set of pyramid combination consists of four pyramids of the same type;
the output light beam of the titanium gem femtosecond laser device (1) is incident to the optical fiber coupler (2), the output end of the optical fiber coupler (2) is sequentially connected with the incident ends of the optical fiber polarization controller (3), the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer (4) and the polarization-maintaining optical fiber beam splitter (7) through a polarization-maintaining optical fiber, the polarization-maintaining optical fiber beam splitter (7) divides the incident light into five beams for output, wherein the light intensity of the output light beams of the first output end to the fourth output end is the same and occupies a larger proportion, and the light intensity of the output light beam of the fifth output end is weaker;
the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer (4) divides incident laser into three monochromatic laser light sources for output, a G end outputs a monochromatic laser light source with the center wavelength of the titanium gem femtosecond laser, an R end outputs a monochromatic laser light source with the center wavelength larger than that of the titanium gem femtosecond laser, and a B end outputs a monochromatic laser light source with the center wavelength smaller than that of the titanium gem femtosecond laser;
a first output end of the polarization-maintaining fiber beam splitter (7) is connected to a first port of the first polarization-maintaining fiber circulator (81), a second port of the first polarization-maintaining fiber circulator (81) is connected to an input end of the first fiber collimator (91), a third output port of the first polarization-maintaining fiber circulator (81) is connected to the first fiber power meter (101), and similarly, second to fourth output ends of the polarization-maintaining fiber beam splitter (7) are respectively connected to first ports of the second to fourth polarization-maintaining fiber circulators (82,83,84), second ports of the second to fourth polarization-maintaining fiber circulators (82,83,84) are respectively connected to input ends of the second to fourth fiber collimators (92,93,94), third ports of the second to fourth polarization-maintaining fiber circulators (82,83,84) are connected to the second to fourth fiber power meters (102,103,104), a fifth output end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber beam splitter (7) is respectively connected with the polarization measuring instrument (5) and the optical fiber spectrometer (6);
the output array laser beams of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator combination (9) are respectively incident to four right-angle beam splitting prisms in the first set of right-angle beam splitting prisms (111) in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the first set of right-angle beam splitting prisms (111) divide four incident light beams into four first reflected light beams and four first transmitted light beams which are distributed orthogonally, wherein the four first reflected light beams are transmitted through the second set of right-angle beam splitting prisms (112) and then incident to the first pyramid combination (121), the four first transmitted light beams are incident through the third set of right-angle beam splitting prisms (113) and then divide the four incident light beams into four second reflected light beams and four second transmitted light beams which are distributed orthogonally, the four second reflected light beams are incident to the second pyramid combination (122), and the four second transmitted light beams are incident to the third pyramid combination (123);
the first angle cone combination (121), the second angle cone combination (122) and the third angle cone combination (123) respectively reflect incident beams reversely along an original optical path, and the incident beams are respectively incident to a second port of a first polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator (81), a second port of a second polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator (82), a second port of a third polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator (83) and a second port of a fourth polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator (84) in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator combination (8) in a one-to-one correspondence manner after passing through the right-angle beam splitting prism combination (11) and the polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator combination (9); the reverse reflected light beam is output from a third port of the first polarization-maintaining fiber circulator (81), and the light intensity is measured by a first fiber power meter (101) connected with the reverse reflected light beam; similarly, the reverse reflected light beams are output from third ports of second to fourth polarization-maintaining fiber circulators (82,83,84), and the light intensities are measured by second to fourth fiber power meters (102,103,104) connected thereto.
2. The fiber array apparatus for debugging an ultrashort laser pulse grating compressor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polarization maintaining fiber collimator combination is disposed on an adjusting stage, the adjusting stage has a multi-dimensional overall adjusting function, and each polarization maintaining fiber collimator can be adjusted individually in multiple dimensions.
3. A method for debugging an ultrashort laser pulse grating compressor by using the optical fiber array device of claim 1 or 2, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1, connecting a G end of an optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer (4) into an input end of a polarization maintaining optical fiber beam splitter (7), and selecting a monochromatic laser light source with the center wavelength of a titanium-sapphire femtosecond laser;
step 2, adjusting the adjusting table to enable the output light beam of one polarization maintaining fiber collimator and the output laser of the chirped laser pulse amplification system to share the same optical axis, namely a fourth polarization maintaining fiber collimator (94), and arranging other three polarization maintaining fiber collimators by taking the fourth polarization maintaining fiber collimator (94) as the center to enable the three polarization maintaining fiber collimators to form a regular triangle and enable the output light beams of the four polarization maintaining fiber collimators to form an array type laser beam group;
step 3, respectively installing and fixing four gratings (G1, G2, G3 and G4) of a grating compressor (13) to be debugged on respective multidimensional fine adjustment mechanical adjustment frames, wherein a first group of grating pairs are formed by a first grating G1 and a second group of grating pairs are formed by a second grating G2, a second group of grating pairs are formed by a third grating G3 and a fourth grating G4, the first grating G1 and the second grating G2 are parallel to each other, the distance between the first grating G1 and the second grating G2 meets the design requirement of the grating compressor (13), the third grating G3 and the fourth grating G4 are parallel to each other, and the distance between the third grating G3 and the fourth grating G4 meets the design requirement of the grating compressor (13);
step 4, respectively rotating the output ends of four optical fiber collimators (91, 92,93 and 94) in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator combination (9) around the optical axis of the output ends to enable the polarization directions of the output light beams to be consistent with the linearly polarized light source of the grating compressor (13); the polarization controller (3), the polarization measuring instrument (5) and the polarization maintaining optical fiber collimator combination (9) form an array type laser beam group to establish a polarization consistent corresponding relation;
step 5, debugging the right-angle beam splitting prism combination (11) and the pyramid combination (12) in the light path, wherein the optical fiber power meter combination (10) measures the reverse reflection and is coupled to the third port of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator combination (8) to output the laser beam power, and respectively records and forms a light intensity measurement array, namely, under the initial state, the light intensity calibration of the center wavelength monochromatic laser light source reverse beam of the titanium-gem femtosecond laser is completed;
step 6, connecting the R end of the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer (4) into the input end of the polarization maintaining optical fiber beam splitter (7), selecting a titanium gem femtosecond laser which is larger than the central wavelength monochromatic laser light source, and completing the measurement of the light intensity of the reverse light beam of the titanium gem femtosecond laser which is larger than the central wavelength laser light source and the calibration of the light intensity array in the same operation as the step 5;
step 7, connecting the B end of the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer (4) into the input end of the polarization maintaining optical fiber beam splitter (7), selecting a titanium gem femtosecond laser which is smaller than the central wavelength monochromatic laser light source, and completing the measurement of the light intensity of the reverse light beam of the titanium gem femtosecond laser which is smaller than the central wavelength laser light source and the calibration of the light intensity array in the same operation as the step 5;
step 8, the G end of the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer (4) is connected to the input end of the polarization maintaining optical fiber beam splitter (7) again, the first group of gratings in the grating compressor (13) are shifted to the optical path of the array type laser beam group output by the polarization maintaining optical fiber collimator combination (9), the center of the first grating G1 is enabled to be overlapped with the output beam of the fourth polarization maintaining optical fiber collimator (94), the first grating G1 is rotated to the incident angle of the first grating G1 around the central axis, the spatial posture of the first grating G1 is locked, the array type laser beam group is transmitted to the second grating G2 along the same diffraction angle direction after passing through the first grating G1, and the second grating G2 is moved, so that the center of the second grating G2 is enabled to be overlapped with the output beam of the fourth polarization maintaining optical fiber collimator (94);
step 9, finely debugging the posture of the second grating G2, and completing debugging and locking by the second grating G2 when the intensity of four light beams which are reversely reflected by the first angle cone combination (121) and output by the third port of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator combination (8) is matched with the light intensity array calibrated in the step 5;
step 10, a second group of grating pairs are symmetrically arranged by taking a vertical light beam as a central symmetry axis after a light beam emitted by a fourth polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator (94) is reflected by a first set of right-angle beam splitter prism (111), the light beam output by the fourth polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator (94) enters the center of a third grating G3 and the center of a fourth grating G4, the postures of the third grating G3 and the fourth grating G4 are finely debugged, and when the light intensity of two groups of light beams reflected by a second pyramid combination (122) and a third pyramid combination (123) and returned by a polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator combination (8) and output by a third port is matched with the light intensity calibrated in the step 5, the third grating G3 and the fourth grating G4 are debugged and locked;
step 11, an R end of the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer (4) is connected to an input end of a polarization maintaining optical fiber beam splitter (7), a second set of right-angle beam splitter prism (112) is moved along a direction perpendicular to a diffracted light beam of a second grating G2, so that an optical fiber array laser beam group is vertically incident to the side surface of the second set of right-angle beam splitter prism (112), namely, an incident light source can be reflected reversely after passing through a pyramid combination (12), and when a light intensity group of a third port of the polarization maintaining optical fiber circulator combination (8) is recorded to be matched with the light intensity calibrated in the step 6, the evaluation of the spectrum width of the grating compressor (13) which is larger than the center wavelength laser source through a titanium sapphire femtosecond laser is completed;
step 12, the end B of the optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer (4) is connected to the input end of the polarization maintaining optical fiber beam splitter (7), the second set of right-angle beam splitter prism (112) is moved along the direction perpendicular to the diffracted light beam of the second grating G2, so that the incident light source can be reversely reflected after passing through the pyramid combination (12) by the optical fiber array laser beam group vertically entering the second set of right-angle beam splitter prism (112), and when the light intensity of the third port of the polarization maintaining optical fiber circulator combination (8) is matched with the light intensity calibrated in the step 7, the evaluation of the spectrum width of the grating compressor (13) smaller than the central wavelength laser source by the titanium sapphire femtosecond laser is completed;
step 13, the parallelism of grating surfaces of two groups of grating pairs (G1 and G2, G3 and G4) of the grating compressor (13) can be judged by comparing the light intensity arrays of the third output end of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber circulator combination (8), and the spectral width characteristic of the grating compressor (13) passing through the titanium-sapphire femtosecond laser broadband light source is evaluated;
and step 14, locking all the multi-dimensional grating adjusting frames after debugging is finished, and withdrawing the polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator combination (9), the right-angle beam splitter prism combination (11) and the pyramid combination (12) to finish debugging of the grating compressor (13).
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