CN108594461B - Internal light distribution type grating compressor - Google Patents

Internal light distribution type grating compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108594461B
CN108594461B CN201810096626.5A CN201810096626A CN108594461B CN 108594461 B CN108594461 B CN 108594461B CN 201810096626 A CN201810096626 A CN 201810096626A CN 108594461 B CN108594461 B CN 108594461B
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grating
beam splitting
parallel
splitting sheet
light
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CN108594461A (en
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刘军
李儒新
王乘
王丁
梁晓燕
冷雨欣
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Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of CAS
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Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G02B27/44Grating systems; Zone plate systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/35Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/39Non-linear optics for parametric generation or amplification of light, infrared or ultraviolet waves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/35Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/39Non-linear optics for parametric generation or amplification of light, infrared or ultraviolet waves
    • G02F1/392Parametric amplification

Abstract

An internal beam-splitting grating compressor characterized in that it comprises: the grating array comprises a first grating pair consisting of a first grating and a second grating which are parallel to each other, a second grating pair consisting of a third grating and a fourth grating which are parallel to each other, a third grating pair consisting of a fifth grating and a sixth grating which are parallel to each other, …, an Nth grating pair consisting of a 2N-1 th grating and a 2N grating which are parallel to each other, an N +1 th grating pair consisting of a 2N +1 th grating and a 2N +2 th grating which are parallel to each other, a first beam splitting sheet, a second beam splitting sheet, …, an N-1 th beam splitting sheet and a reflector. The invention divides the incident chirped laser pulse into at most N compressed femtosecond laser pulses inside the compressor for output, thereby avoiding the limitation of the last compressed grating on the compressed pulse energy and improving the laser pulse energy compressed and output by the compressor in multiples.

Description

Internal light distribution type grating compressor
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ultrastrong ultrashort laser science technology and application, in particular to the field of research and application of chirped pulse compression of a compression terminal in a pantile high-power chirped pulse amplification or optical parameter chirped pulse amplification system, which is suitable for compressing high-peak-power chirped pulse with the energy density of the compressed output laser higher than the damage threshold of the last compressed grating.
Background
The ultrashort laser pulse with ultra-strong intensity provides unprecedented brand-new experimental means and extreme physical conditions for human beings, and has important application in the important advanced scientific research fields of astronomical physics of strong laser laboratories, strong laser electrons and proton accelerators, nuclear fusion fast ignition, laser plasma physics and the like. Because of the important application prospects, the ultra-strong and ultra-short laser output with the wattage level is realized at home and abroad at present.
At present, the science and technology of high power ultrashort pulse laser mainly includes Chirp Pulse Amplification (CPA) and lightParametric Chirped Pulse Amplification (OPCPA) technology. Both of these methods have been developed relatively mature and widely used. The basic idea of both methods is to first couple the incident femtoseconds (10) with one grating stretcher-15Second) seed pulses introduce positive dispersion, thereby broadening the seed laser pulse width from the femtosecond order to nanoseconds (10)-9Second) order, the laser after pulse broadening can be amplified in a laser medium (such as a titanium sapphire crystal) or a nonlinear crystal (such as a BBO, KDP crystal, OPCPA amplification), wherein CPA technology corresponds to the laser medium amplification, OPCPA technology corresponds to the nonlinear crystal amplification, the laser pulse after final amplification is compressed from nanosecond to femtosecond through a compressor composed of a grating, so as to achieve ultrashort laser pulse output, in the compressor, according to a grating equation d (sin α + sin β) ═ m λ (where d is grating groove density, α is an incident angle, β diffraction angle, λ is a laser wavelength, and m is a diffraction order, and here is generally 1), after the laser passes through the grating, the laser with different wavelengths can be diffracted to different directions, so that the optical paths of the different wavelengths are different, so as to introduce the compressed laser pulses.
In the high-power ultrashort laser device, the compressors of the terminals are all reflective grating compressors, the device structure is simpler, the grating can obtain larger dispersion, and the reflective grating avoids the damage of elements. At present, the typical structure optical path of such a large aperture grating compressor is shown in fig. 1, and mainly comprises two parallel reflection grating pairs, grating 1 and grating 2, grating 3 and grating 4. The basic working principle is that the amplified and output chirped laser pulse is firstly diffracted by the grating 1, then is diffracted again by the grating 2 of the parallel grating 1 to become parallel laser, and then is diffracted and compressed by the grating 3 and the grating 4 to obtain femtosecond laser output. Wherein grating 3 and grating 4 are typically mirror images of grating 1 and grating 2.
However, as the energy of the amplified laser pulse is larger, the laser spot is also larger, and the energy density of the laser beam impinging on the grating is also higher. Because of the processing technology of the compressed grating, the processing and manufacturing difficulty of the large-size grating is extremely high, the price is extremely expensive, and certain size limitation exists, so that the pulse compression of the laser with higher energy is greatly limited, and the ultra-strong and ultra-short laser pulse with higher peak power is limited to be obtained. In order to solve the problem, a method for directly splitting laser beams after amplification, then respectively entering different grating compressors for compression, and finally performing laser beam combination to obtain ultrastrong ultrashort laser is proposed. However, this method requires a plurality of independent vacuum grating compressors, which is very costly, and it is very difficult to perform laser beam combining after passing through the plurality of independent vacuum compressors.
Since the grating is coated with a metal or dielectric reflective film, the damage threshold of these highly reflective films decreases as the laser pulse narrows. The pulse width on the last output grating is only femtosecond or picosecond, the borne peak power is very high, and the last output grating is very easy to damage. Depending on the material and method of coating, the first grating (subjected to nanosecond laser damage) may have a damage threshold 3 times or more higher than the last grating (subjected to femtosecond or picosecond laser damage).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an internal light-splitting grating compressor, which divides laser into N laser beams inside the compressor to be compressed respectively. The grating compressor breaks through the limitation of the last grating damage threshold value on the output energy, and the upper limit of the energy of the laser output by the grating compressor is obviously improved.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
an internal beam-splitting grating compressor characterized in that it comprises: a first grating pair composed of a first grating and a second grating which are parallel to each other, a second grating pair composed of a third grating and a fourth grating which are parallel to each other, a third grating pair composed of a fifth grating and a sixth grating which are parallel to each other, …, an Nth grating pair composed of a 2N-1-th grating and a 2N-th grating which are parallel to each other, an N + 1-th grating pair composed of a 2N + 1-th grating and a 2N + 2-th grating which are parallel to each other, a first beam splitting sheet, a second beam splitting sheet, …, an N-1-th beam splitting sheet and a reflector; wherein N is a natural number, N is related to a damage threshold value A of the laser pulse on the first grating, a damage threshold value B of the laser pulse on the fourth grating and diffraction efficiency C of the gratings, and the value of N is an integer of (A/B × C);
the first beam splitting sheet is arranged in the output light direction of the first grating pair, the first beam splitting sheet splits input light into transmitted light and reflected light, the transmitted light direction of the first beam splitting sheet is the second grating pair, the reflected light direction of the first beam splitting sheet is sequentially the second beam splitting sheets (10), …, the N-1 beam splitting sheet and the reflecting mirror, and the reflected light directions of the second beam splitting sheets, …, the N-1 beam splitting sheet and the reflecting mirror are respectively the third grating pair, …, the N grating pair and the N +1 grating pair;
the incident high-energy chirped laser pulse is firstly guided into a first grating pair, and is converted into parallel light after being compressed for the first time, the parallel light beam is divided into transmission light and reflection light by a first beam splitting sheet behind a second grating, the transmission light is compressed again by a second grating pair, the reflection light of the second beam splitting sheet, …, an N-1 beam splitting sheet and a reflector is respectively injected into a third grating pair, …, an Nth grating pair and an Nth grating pair to be compressed again, and finally, N beams of compressed femtosecond laser are output.
The first beam splitting sheet, the second beam splitting sheet, … and the N-1 beam splitting sheet behind the second grating can split laser beams on a grating propagation horizontal plane or a vertical grating propagation horizontal plane as required.
All the gratings are metal film gratings, dielectric film gratings or metal medium mixed film gratings.
The reflector can provide proper time delay to accurately synchronize the time delay of the laser beams which are split and compressed.
The invention has the following remarkable characteristics:
1. the invention divides the laser into at most N beams in the compressor, thereby avoiding the damage of the last compressed grating. N is determined by the damage threshold value A of light on the first grating and the damage threshold value B of light on the fourth grating, and the compression diffraction efficiency C of the laser passing through the first grating to the fourth grating, wherein the value of N is an integer of (A/B × C), is usually greater than or equal to 2, and has the capability of increasing the output laser energy by times.
2. The invention shares the first grating and the second grating, and compared with the method for splitting the laser beam in front of the compressor, the invention saves the number of the used gratings, thereby greatly reducing the cost.
3. The invention shares the first grating and the second grating, and compared with the method of re-compressing the laser beam splitting before the compressor, the invention has the advantages of simpler and more compact light path, reduced size of the device and the vacuum compression cavity, lower cost, more stable device and more convenient adjustment.
4. The invention shares the first grating and the second grating, the light path is simpler and more compact, the N laser beams can be compressed in the same vacuum compression cavity, the device is more stable, and the compressed N laser beam combination is easier to realize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical path structure of a typical chirped laser pulse grating compressor
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical path structure of the grating compressor with 1 interior divided into N beams according to embodiment 1 of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optimized optical path structure of a grating compressor with 1 interior splitting into 2 beams of light according to embodiment 2 of the present invention
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and examples, but the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic view of a light path structure of the grating compressor with 1 inside divided into N beams of light according to the present invention, and it can be seen from the figure that the internal light type grating compressor of the present invention includes: a first grating pair composed of a first grating 5 and a second grating 6 which are parallel to each other, a second grating pair composed of a third grating 8 and a fourth grating 9 which are parallel to each other, a third grating pair composed of a fifth grating 11 and a sixth grating 12 which are parallel to each other, …, an nth grating pair composed of a 2N-1 grating and a 2N grating which are parallel to each other, an N +1 grating pair composed of a 2N +1 grating and a 2N +2 grating which are parallel to each other, a first beam splitting sheet 7, a second beam splitting sheet 10, …, an N-1 beam splitting sheet and a reflector 13;
n is a natural number, the N is related to a damage threshold value A of the laser pulse on the first grating 5, a damage threshold value B of the laser pulse on the fourth grating 9 and diffraction efficiency C of the gratings, and the value of the N is an integer of (A/B × C);
the first beam splitting sheet 7 is arranged in the output light direction of the first grating pair, the first beam splitting sheet 7 splits the input light into transmitted light and reflected light, the transmitted light direction of the first beam splitting sheet 7 is the second grating pair, the reflected light direction of the first beam splitting sheet 7 is sequentially the second beam splitting sheet 10, …, the N-1 beam splitting sheet and the reflector 13, and the reflected light directions of the second beam splitting sheet 10, …, the N-1 beam splitting sheet and the reflector 13 are respectively the third grating pair, …, the N grating pair and the N +1 grating pair;
the incident high-energy chirped laser pulse is firstly guided into the first grating pair, and is converted into parallel light after being compressed for the first time, the parallel light beam is divided into transmission light and reflection light by the first beam splitting sheet 7 behind the second grating 6, the transmission light is compressed again by the second grating pair, the reflection light of the second beam splitting sheets 10 and …, the N-1 beam splitting sheet and the reflection mirror 13 is respectively injected into the third grating pair, …, the N grating pair and the N grating pair to be compressed again, and finally N beams of compressed femtosecond laser are output.
The first beam splitter 7, the second beam splitter 10, …, and the nth-1 beam splitter behind the second grating 6 may split the laser beam on the grating propagation horizontal plane, or on the vertical grating propagation horizontal plane, as required.
All the gratings are metal film gratings, dielectric film gratings or metal medium mixed film gratings.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optimized optical path structure of a grating compressor with 1 interior splitting into 2 beams of light according to embodiment 2 of the present invention. The compressor of the embodiment mainly comprises: a first grating pair composed of a first grating 5 and a second grating 6, a 50% beam splitting sheet 7, a second grating pair composed of a third grating 8 and a fourth grating 9, a reflector 10, and a third grating pair composed of a fifth grating 11 and a sixth grating 12.
The pulse width of the incident laser is 4ns, the incident laser is compressed by the first grating 5 and then output for about 3ns, and the incident laser is compressed to about 2ns by the second grating 6, so that the laser also becomes a parallel beam. The beam splitting sheet 7 splits the parallel light beam into two parts with equal energy, the laser transmitting half energy is continuously incident on the third grating 8 and compressed to about 1ns, and finally incident on the fourth grating 9, and the laser pulse is compressed to about 30 femtoseconds and output as the light beam 1. The laser reflected from the beam splitting sheet 7 passes through the reflector 10, then is injected into the fifth grating 11 and compressed to about 1ns, and finally is compressed by the sixth grating 12 to output about 30 femtoseconds of laser output as the light beam 2.
Since the laser energy borne by the fourth grating 9 and the sixth grating 12 is halved in the implementation process, the high-energy laser is avoided for the final compression grating: and damage of the fourth grating 9 and the sixth grating 12 realizes ultra-strong and ultrashort laser output with doubled energy.

Claims (3)

1. An internal beam-splitting grating compressor, characterized in that it comprises: a first grating pair composed of a first grating (5) and a second grating (6) which are parallel to each other, a second grating pair composed of a third grating (8) and a fourth grating (9) which are parallel to each other, a third grating pair composed of a fifth grating (11) and a sixth grating (12) which are parallel to each other, …, an Nth grating pair composed of a 2N-1 grating and a 2N grating which are parallel to each other, an N +1 grating pair composed of a 2N +1 grating and a 2N +2 grating which are parallel to each other, a first beam splitting sheet (7), a second beam splitting sheet (10), a …, an N-1 beam splitting sheet and a reflector (13); wherein N is a natural number, N is related to a damage threshold value A of a laser pulse on the first grating (5), a damage threshold value B of a laser pulse on the fourth grating (9) and diffraction efficiency C of the gratings, and the value of N is an integer of A/B × C;
the first beam splitting sheet (7) is arranged in the output light direction of the first grating pair, the first beam splitting sheet (7) splits input light into transmitted light and reflected light, the transmitted light direction of the first beam splitting sheet (7) is the second grating pair, the reflected light direction of the first beam splitting sheet (7) is sequentially the second beam splitting sheet (10), …, the N-1 beam splitting sheet and the reflecting mirror (13), and the reflected light directions of the second beam splitting sheet (10), the …, the N-1 beam splitting sheet and the reflecting mirror (13) are respectively the third grating pair, the …, the N grating pair and the N +1 grating pair;
the incident high-energy chirped laser pulse is firstly guided into a first grating pair, the first compression is carried out to obtain parallel light, the parallel light beam is divided into transmission light and reflection light by a first beam splitting sheet (7) behind a second grating (6), the transmission light is compressed again by the second grating pair, the reflection light of the second beam splitting sheets (10), …, an N-1 beam splitting sheet and a reflector (13) is respectively injected into a third grating pair, a …, an Nth grating pair and the Nth grating pair to be compressed again, and finally N beams of compressed femtosecond laser are output.
2. The internal beam-splitting grating compressor according to claim 1, wherein the first beam splitting plate (7), the second beam splitting plate (10), the … and the N-1 beam splitting plate after the second grating (6) split the laser beam at the grating propagation level or at the vertical grating propagation level as required.
3. The internal beam-splitting grating compressor of claim 1, wherein all the gratings are metal film gratings, dielectric film gratings or metal-dielectric mixed film gratings.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111600190B (en) * 2020-06-12 2023-01-20 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 Super-strong chirp laser pulse step-by-step compression device
CN113644528A (en) * 2021-07-20 2021-11-12 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 Multi-path beam splitting device and method for high-peak-power femtosecond laser

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CN105720474A (en) * 2014-12-05 2016-06-29 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 Subtend compression chirped pulse amplification laser system
CN107045210A (en) * 2017-01-11 2017-08-15 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 High-chip amount laser circular grating compressor reducer

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US8068522B2 (en) * 2004-06-24 2011-11-29 Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc Hyper dispersion pulse compressor for chirped pulse amplification systems
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CN105720474A (en) * 2014-12-05 2016-06-29 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 Subtend compression chirped pulse amplification laser system
CN104570377A (en) * 2015-01-04 2015-04-29 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 Laser chirp pulse beam splitting loop optical grating compressor
CN104570377B (en) * 2015-01-04 2017-05-24 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 Laser chirp pulse beam splitting loop optical grating compressor
CN107045210A (en) * 2017-01-11 2017-08-15 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 High-chip amount laser circular grating compressor reducer

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