CN110547114A - Universal topping machine - Google Patents
Universal topping machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110547114A CN110547114A CN201910988656.1A CN201910988656A CN110547114A CN 110547114 A CN110547114 A CN 110547114A CN 201910988656 A CN201910988656 A CN 201910988656A CN 110547114 A CN110547114 A CN 110547114A
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- rotary drum
- topping
- grid
- main shaft
- cutting device
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000528 Ricinus communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000000231 Sesamum indicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003434 Sesamum indicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000228451 Stevia rebaudiana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006092 Stevia rebaudiana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G3/00—Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
- A01G3/08—Other tools for pruning, branching or delimbing standing trees
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a universal topping machine, which comprises a frame and a topping cutting device, wherein the topping cutting device comprises a cutting device body and a cutting device body; the upper part of the frame is provided with a guide rail and a plurality of split bodies which can slide along the guide rail; the topping and cutting device comprises a bracket, a rotary drum cutting device and a grid rotary drum device; be equipped with on the support with the mount pad of components of a whole that can function independently rigid coupling and by power device driven main shaft, rotary drum cutting device include with fix main epaxial rotary drum blade disc and fix at the rotary drum blade disc and along its circumference interval distribution's a plurality of cutting knives, the main shaft is located the axis of rotary drum blade disc, the cutting knife is rectangular form and is parallel with the main shaft. The invention not only can improve the utilization rate of the topping machine, but also can realize the protection and damage inhibition of the side lobes in the topping process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a universal topping machine, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.
background
Topping is to remove the top advantage, inhibit the growth of branches and leaves, promote flowering and fruiting and increase the yield of crops by cutting off the top of crops in the growth process of the crops. In the current agricultural production, various crops such as cotton, tobacco, castor-oil plant, stevia rebaudiana, sesame and the like need to be topped.
According to the knowledge, the current topping operation generally adopts manual operation, the crop top is removed manually, the labor intensity is high, the operation efficiency is low, the current agricultural production requirement cannot be met, the production problem to be solved urgently is solved, and topping mechanization is an important mode for solving the production problem.
The mechanical universal topping machine replaces manual topping, so that the labor intensity problem and the efficiency problem are solved. The existing general topping machine considers how to realize cutting, but during topping, side leaves (nutritive leaves) around the top center of a crop are usually damaged to different degrees, and the yield of the topped crop is seriously reduced even. Therefore, the protection and damage inhibition of the side leaf in the topping process become an urgent problem to be solved.
In addition, as far as the applicant knows, a plurality of different topping machines are designed and proposed, and the topping operation requirements for different crops are different, for example, the topping operation of a common crop is only carried out once a year, so that a single crop topping machine is only used once a year, and the utilization rate is low. For farmers who plant multiple crops or crop different crops in a rotation way, the farmers need to purchase multiple different topping machines to meet topping requirements of different crops.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the general topping machine can protect and inhibit the side lobes from being damaged in the topping process and can improve the utilization rate.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a general topping machine comprises a frame and a topping cutting device detachably mounted on the frame; the lower part of the rack is provided with a roller, the upper part of the rack is provided with a guide rail and a plurality of split bodies which can slide along the guide rail, and the split bodies are provided with gears and racks which are matched with the gears and can move up and down; the topping and cutting device comprises a bracket, a rotary drum cutting device and a grid rotary drum device; the rotary drum cutting device comprises a rotary drum cutter head fixed on the main shaft and a plurality of cutting knives fixed on the rotary drum cutter head and distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the rotary drum cutter head, the main shaft is positioned on the axis of the rotary drum cutter head, and the cutting knives are in a long strip shape and are parallel to the main shaft; the grid rotary drum device comprises grid mounting discs, transverse grids and longitudinal grids, the grid mounting discs are mounted at two ends of a main shaft and are parallel to a rotary drum cutter head, the transverse grids are fixedly connected with the two grid mounting discs and are parallel to the main shaft, the transverse grids are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the grid mounting discs, the longitudinal grids are fixedly connected with the transverse grids and are in a circumferential shape, and the longitudinal grids are distributed at intervals along the direction of the main shaft.
Preferably, the split body is provided with a gear and a rack which is matched with the gear and can move up and down, and the mounting seat is fixedly connected with the rack.
The invention can adjust the row spacing and the topping cutting device according to different crop planting modes, thereby improving the utilization rate of the topping machine and reducing the use cost. When the rotary cutting machine is used, the power device drives the main shaft to rotate, so that the rotary drum cutter head and the cutting knife which are fixed on the main shaft rotate, the cutting knife has high rotating speed which can reach over 800r/min generally, and the center entering the inner layer can be cut quickly and effectively. The grid rotary drum device can prevent larger branches and leaves from entering the rotary drum cutting device through the interlaced grids, so that the side leaves are protected from being damaged.
The further improvement of the technical scheme is as follows: the grid bar mounting discs are mounted at two ends of the main shaft through bearings and are driven to rotate by the grid driving device; the grid driving device controls the rotating speed of the grid mounting plate to enable the speed of the lowest point of the grid mounting plate relative to the support to be the same as the operating speed and to be opposite in direction. In the topping operation, the interlaced grids rotate at a lower rotating speed and move forwards (in the operation moving direction), the rotating speed of the grid mounting disc is controlled to enable the speed of the lowest point of the grid mounting disc relative to the support to be the same as the operation speed and the direction to be opposite to the operation speed, and therefore the upper portion of the grid mounting disc is in a basically static state relative to the top and the branches and leaves, the top and the branches and leaves can be prevented from being pushed down, the interlaced grids can better prevent the branches and leaves from entering the rotary drum cutting device, side leaves are protected from being damaged, the top is more beneficial to entering the rotary drum cutting device, and the topping effect is improved.
In addition, the inner layer and the outer layer of the universal topping machine are controlled by independent driving devices, so that accurate speed regulation control can be performed, accurate speed regulation is realized, synchronization with the operation speed is realized, and the optimal topping effect is obtained.
The technical scheme is further improved as follows: the main shaft is provided with a fan. Like this, the cutting knife has higher rotational speed, can effectively cut fast and enter into the top of inlayer, and fixes the fan on the main shaft, can produce certain wind-force, will cut down top blow off rotary drum cutting device and grid strip rotary drum device, prevents that top accumulation from causing the card to die the scheduling problem, can further prevent through wind-force simultaneously in the entering means such as side leaf and by the cutting, further realizes preventing the blade damage.
Preferably, a plurality of supporting legs for installing the rollers are arranged below the rack, and the supporting legs correspond to the rollers one to one. The rollers are preferably universal wheels.
Drawings
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a rear view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the rack.
Fig. 4 is a side view of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the topping cutting device.
Fig. 6 is a front view of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a left side view of fig. 5.
Fig. 8 is a right side view of fig. 5.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a mount.
Fig. 10 is one of the connection schematic diagrams of the split body and the topping cutting device.
Fig. 11 is a second schematic view of the split body and the topping and cutting device.
Description of the drawings: the device comprises a bracket 1, a grid driving motor 2, a right driving pulley 3, a right synchronous belt 4, a right driven pulley 5, a right bearing 6, a right transmission shaft 7, a right grid mounting plate 8, a right rotary drum cutter head 9, a cutting knife 10, a longitudinal grid 11, a transverse grid 12, a main shaft 13, a fan 14, a left rotary drum cutter head 15, a left grid mounting plate 16, a left driven pulley 17, a left bearing 18, a left synchronous belt 19, a left driving pulley 20, a cutter head driving motor 21, a mounting seat 22, a lifting assembly 23, a topping cutting device 24, a machine frame 100, a main cross beam 101, a main longitudinal beam 102, a top hanging lug 103, a hanging upright post 104, a hanging pin shaft 105, an upper upright post 106, a hanging cross beam 107, a side beam 108, a front longitudinal beam 109, an inclined supporting beam 110, a roller 111, a lower supporting leg 112, an upper supporting leg 113, a guide rail 114, an inclined pulling beam 115, a split body 200, a split body control cabinet 211, a, the center detection device comprises a center detection sensor 215, a split mounting plate 221, a split mounting slider 222, a locking handle 223, a waterproof housing 224, a lifting motor 231, a speed reducer 232, a gear 233, a lifting motor mounting seat 234, a lifting guide rail 235, lifting sliders 236, 237 racks and a universal connecting seat 238.
Detailed Description
Examples
The general-purpose topping machine of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, includes a frame 100 and a topping and cutting device 24 detachably mounted on the frame 100; the lower part of the frame 100 is provided with a roller 111, and the upper part of the frame 100 is provided with a guide rail 114 and a plurality of split bodies 200 which can slide along the guide rail 114.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the frame 100 mainly realizes the combined installation and hanging of the topping machine, and mainly includes a main cross beam 101, a main longitudinal beam 102, an upper hanging lug 103, a hanging upright post 104, a lower hanging pin 105, an upper upright post 106, a hanging cross beam 107, a side beam 108, a front longitudinal beam 109, a diagonal support beam 110, and a diagonal pull beam 115.
The topping machine can be quickly connected with a tractor in a hanging mode through the upper hanging lug 103 and the hanging pin shaft 105, operation is simple and convenient, and the operation is prior art and is not described any more.
In this embodiment, the frame 100 is provided with a connecting system consisting of two parallel guide rails 114, which can be conveniently connected to the split body 200. As shown in fig. 1, 3, 10 and 11, the split body 200 is provided with a split body mounting plate upper 221, the split body mounting plate upper 221 is provided with a split body mounting slider 222, each split body is provided with four split body mounting sliders 222, two of the split body mounting sliders 222 are matched with one guide rail, and the other two split body mounting sliders 222 are matched with the other guide rail, so that reliable support can be provided for the split body 200. Each split mounting slider 222 is provided with 1 locking handle 223, unlocking or locking of the slider can be performed through the handle, and the locking handle 223 is the prior art and is not described in detail.
When the positions of the split bodies 200 need to be adjusted, the locking handles 223 on the four split body installation sliders 222 of each split body 200 need to be unlocked completely, then the positions are adjusted, and the split bodies 200 can be fixed by locking the locking handles again after the positions are reached, so that the split bodies 200 are prevented from moving. This simple structure, convenient operation can be adjusted according to the difference row spacing fast, and components of a whole that can function independently 200 changes the operation row spacing through can easily make things convenient for quick removal on guide rail 114 like this, will lock the locking handle 223 after arriving required position and can firmly fix its position, improves the commonality of topping machine greatly.
As shown in fig. 1-2 and 5-9, the topping and cutting device 24 comprises a bracket 1, a drum cutting device and a grid drum device; be equipped with on support 1 by power device driven main shaft 13, rotary drum cutting device include with fix the rotary drum blade disc on main shaft 13 (including fixing respectively at the right side rotary drum blade disc 9 at main shaft 13 both ends, left rotary drum blade disc 15) and fix at the rotary drum blade disc and along its circumference interval distribution's a plurality of cutting knife 10, main shaft 13 is located the axis of rotary drum blade disc, cutting knife 10 is rectangular form and is parallel with main shaft 13. The power device comprises a cutter driving motor 21, a left driven belt pulley 17 fixedly connected with the main shaft 13 and a left driving belt pulley 20 fixedly connected with an output shaft of the cutter driving motor 21, wherein the cutter driving motor 21 drives the left driving belt pulley 20, and the left driven belt pulley 17 is driven by a left synchronous belt 19 to drive the main shaft 13 to rotate. As shown in fig. 9, the bracket 1 is provided with a mounting seat 22 for mounting to the separate body 200, and the separate body 200 is bolted to the mounting seat 22 in the implementation.
As shown in fig. 1-2 and 5-8, the grid drum device includes grid mounting discs (including a right grid mounting disc 8, a left grid mounting disc 16, a horizontal grid 12 and a longitudinal grid 11, which are respectively fixed at two ends of a main shaft 13), the grid mounting discs are parallel to a drum cutter head, the horizontal grid 12 and the two grid mounting discs are fixedly connected and parallel to the main shaft 13, the horizontal grid 12 is circumferentially distributed at intervals along the grid mounting discs, the longitudinal grid 11 is fixedly connected with the horizontal grid 12 and is circumferentially distributed, and the longitudinal grid 11 is circumferentially distributed at intervals along the main shaft 13.
The embodiment can be further modified as follows:
1) As shown in fig. 5-8, the left grid mounting plate 16 and the right grid mounting plate 8 are respectively mounted at two ends of the main shaft 13 through the left bearing 18 and the right bearing 6, and are driven to rotate by the grid driving device, i.e. the grid mounting plates are supported by the bearings and are sleeved on the main shaft. A speed measuring sensor (not shown in the figure) for measuring the operation speed is arranged on the support 1, and the grid driving device controls the rotating speed of the grid mounting plate to enable the speed of the lowest point of the grid mounting plate relative to the support to be the same as the operation speed and to be opposite to the operation speed. Grid drive arrangement includes grid driving motor 2 and installs right driving pulley 3 on support 1, with the right driven pulley 5 of rotary drum blade disc rigid coupling, grid driving motor 2 drive right driving pulley 3, through right hold-in range 4, the transmission is to right driven pulley 5 to the grid mounting disc is rotatory. The rotating speed of the grid mounting disc is controlled to enable the speed of the lowest point of the grid mounting disc relative to the support to be the same as the operating speed and opposite in direction, so that the upper portion of the grid mounting disc is in a basically static state relative to the tip and the branches and leaves, the tip and the branches and leaves can be prevented from being pushed over, the interwoven grids can better prevent the branches and leaves from entering the rotary drum cutting device, side leaves are protected from being damaged, the tip is more beneficial to entering the rotary drum cutting device, and the topping effect is improved.
2) As shown in fig. 5 and 6, a fan 14 is attached to the main shaft 13. The fan 14 fixed on the main shaft 13 can generate certain wind power to blow the cut tip out of the device, so that the problem that the device is blocked due to tip accumulation and the like is solved, and meanwhile, the blade can be further prevented from entering the device to be cut through the wind power, and the blade damage is further prevented.
3) As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the lower support leg 112 and the upper support leg 113 form a support leg with adjustable length, the upper support leg 113 is inserted into the lower support leg 112 and is positioned by a pin shaft or a bolt, the support height can be adjusted according to actual requirements, the roller 111 is installed below the support leg, the roller 111 is preferably a universal wheel, and thus the topping machine can be conveniently moved and placed and hung conveniently.
4) As shown in fig. 10 and 11, the split body 200 is provided with a lifting assembly including a gear 233 and a rack 237 which is engaged with the gear 233 and can move up and down, and driven by a lifting motor 231, and lifted by the gear rack, and the gear 233 and the rack 237 are respectively provided with a lifting guide 235 and a lifting slider 236 which are engaged with each other to achieve guidance. Compared with other topping machines, the invention adopts the integrated lifting motor mounting seat 234, the lifting motor mounting seat 234 is fixed on the split mounting plate 221, the installation and positioning of the lifting motor 231, the speed reducer 232 and the lifting slide block 236 can be realized, the structure is simple, the installation is convenient, the gear and rack clearance can be well controlled, and the damage of parts caused by the fact that the clearance cannot be adjusted is avoided. The mounting seat 22 in fig. 9 is modified to a universal coupling seat 238 in the lifting part, and the topping cutting device is fixed with the lower end of the lifting rack 237 through the universal coupling seat 238, so that the different topping cutting devices can be quickly connected for topping.
The split 200 is provided with split control components, including a split control cabinet 211, a power module 212, a motor driver 213, a split controller 214, and the like. The split control cabinet 211 is used for installing the whole topping machine control part, the power supply module 212 provides a reliable power supply for the topping machine control part, the topping height can be adjusted manually, a top detection sensor 215 is arranged on the split 200 to realize the detection of the top, then data is transmitted to the split controller 214 to make a decision, and finally control quantity is output to the motor driver 213, so that the motor action is controlled, and the topping action is realized. The implementation of the split control assembly is prior art and will not be described in detail.
The present invention is not limited to the specific technical solutions described in the above embodiments, and other embodiments may be made in the present invention in addition to the above embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions of equivalents, and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A general topping machine comprises a frame and a topping cutting device; the method is characterized in that: the topping and cutting device is detachably arranged on the rack, the lower part of the rack is provided with a plurality of rollers, and the upper part of the rack is provided with a guide rail and a plurality of split bodies which can slide along the guide rail;
The topping and cutting device comprises a bracket, a rotary drum cutting device and a grid rotary drum device; the rotary drum cutting device comprises a rotary drum cutter head fixed on the main shaft and a plurality of cutting knives fixed on the rotary drum cutter head and distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the rotary drum cutter head, the main shaft is positioned on the axis of the rotary drum cutter head, and the cutting knives are in a long strip shape and are parallel to the main shaft; the grid rotary drum device comprises grid mounting discs, transverse grids and longitudinal grids, the grid mounting discs are mounted at two ends of a main shaft and are parallel to a rotary drum cutter head, the transverse grids are fixedly connected with the two grid mounting discs and are parallel to the main shaft, the transverse grids are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the grid mounting discs, the longitudinal grids are fixedly connected with the transverse grids and are in a circumferential shape, and the longitudinal grids are distributed at intervals along the direction of the main shaft.
2. The universal topping machine according to claim 1 characterized in that: the split body is provided with a gear and a rack which is matched with the gear and can move up and down, and the mounting seat is fixedly connected with the rack.
3. The universal top-cutting machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the grid bar mounting discs are mounted at two ends of the main shaft through bearings and are driven to rotate by the grid driving device; the support is provided with a speed measuring sensor for measuring the operation speed of the topping machine, and the grid driving device controls the rotating speed of the grid mounting plate to enable the speed of the lowest point of the grid mounting plate relative to the support to be the same as the operation speed and to be opposite in direction.
4. The universal top-cutting machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the rollers are universal wheels.
5. The universal top-cutting machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: a plurality of supporting legs used for installing rollers are arranged below the rack, and the supporting legs correspond to the rollers one to one.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910628494 | 2019-07-12 | ||
| CN2019106284940 | 2019-07-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110547114A true CN110547114A (en) | 2019-12-10 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201921743774.8U Active CN210840790U (en) | 2019-07-12 | 2019-10-17 | Universal topping machine |
| CN201910988656.1A Pending CN110547114A (en) | 2019-07-12 | 2019-10-17 | Universal topping machine |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201921743774.8U Active CN210840790U (en) | 2019-07-12 | 2019-10-17 | Universal topping machine |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110547115A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-12-10 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Topping cutting device |
| CN117121726A (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2023-11-28 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Array cutting knife type cotton topping machine and control method thereof |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN210840790U (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2020-06-26 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Universal topping machine |
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| CN210840790U (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2020-06-26 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Universal topping machine |
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| CN110547115A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-12-10 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Topping cutting device |
| CN117121726A (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2023-11-28 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Array cutting knife type cotton topping machine and control method thereof |
| CN117121726B (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2024-04-12 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Array cutting knife type cotton topping machine and control method thereof |
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