CN110537654A - 一种茶树菇饮料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种茶树菇饮料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110537654A CN110537654A CN201910893350.8A CN201910893350A CN110537654A CN 110537654 A CN110537654 A CN 110537654A CN 201910893350 A CN201910893350 A CN 201910893350A CN 110537654 A CN110537654 A CN 110537654A
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- agrocybe aegerita
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- A23L2/38—Other non-alcoholic beverages
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/42—Preservation of non-alcoholic beverages
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/42—Preservation of non-alcoholic beverages
- A23L2/44—Preservation of non-alcoholic beverages by adding preservatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
- A23L2/62—Clouding agents; Agents to improve the cloud-stability
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
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Abstract
本发明涉及茶树菇饮料技术领域,具体涉及一种茶树菇饮料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:1)超声酸化;2)高压均质处理;3)稳定化处理;4)低压均质;5)超声处理;6)常压均质,采用本发明制备茶树菇饮料,能够使得茶树菇米中有效成分充分溶出,且有效降解茶树菇米中纤维素、蛋白质物质,进而有助于人体吸收,同时不含有微生物,进而有助于防止饮料腐败,同时饮料中含有丰富的抗氧化物质,有助于防止脂氧化现象。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及茶树菇饮料技术领域,具体涉及一种茶树菇饮料的制备方法。
背景技术
茶树菇是一种分布于亚热带和温带地区的木生食用菌,其在北美的东南部、日本、南欧以及中国均有分布。茶树菇的营养成分含量丰富,其主要分布于茶树菇的菌丝体当中。茶树菇的菌丝体含有大量的蛋白质,其含量甚至可以达到20%;同时其还富含多种人体所需的氨基酸,总体的含量能够达到17.5%,其中含量最高的为谷氨酸,其含量可以达到2.9%;同时,在茶树菇的菌丝体当中,还富含种类丰富的B族微生物、矿物元素、多糖,在其干菌丝体中,茶树菇的多糖含量可以占到30%-40%,另外,茶树菇当中还含有一定量的有机酸类物质,如其菌丝体当中含有苹果酸、焦谷氨酸以及柠檬酸等8种有机酸类物质,所以,茶树菇是一种真菌多糖含量丰富,低脂肪、矿物质含量高、高蛋白的食用菌,但因鲜品含水量较高,组织脆嫩,比一般蔬菜更容易受细菌等微生物侵入,采收后若处理不及时很容易发生失水、变色、变味、腐烂等问题,造成不必要的浪费。
专利号CN201710960981.8公开了一种茶树菇小分子肽复配营养肽水饮料及其制备方法,以茶树菇小分子肽粉为主料,具有延缓衰老、补肾利尿、健脾止泻、治腰酸痛、强身健体、清肠排便、调体液平衡、补血造血、防抗癌、开胃健食的功效。再取多糖、维生素、微量元素、精油等做辅料。这些主料和辅料经过称量、按不同占比混合、干燥、包装成混合肽粉。取符合国家标准的纯净水,按1∶50混配,肽水饮料制成。有补充营养功效,但该方案不能实现高温贮藏,依然不能解决温度对茶树菇饮料贮藏期间氧化酸败的问题。根据《十一种食用菌营养成分的分析》记载:茶树菇中含有肉豆蔻酸约2.03mg/100g,棕榈酸约170.17mg/100g,棕榈油酸约3.35mg/100g,硬脂酸约31.34mg/100g,油酸约86.69mg/100g,亚油酸1295.59mg/100g,在贮藏过程中,产品内部液体的氧化降解直接影响了产品的品质,包括风味、颜色、气味、质地以及营养价值。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述技术问题,提供了一种茶树菇饮料的制备方法。
具体是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种茶树菇饮料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)超声酸化:将茶树菇粉置于超声波仪中,向超声波仪中加入质量浓度为40-45%柠檬酸溶液,于50-55℃,超声波功率300-500W,频率70-75kHz条件下酸化180-240s,其中,柠檬酸溶液的加入量为茶树菇粉质量的1.5-1.8倍;
2)高压均质处理:将超声酸化所得物升压至200-250MPa,保压4-6min;
3)稳定化处理:向高压均质处理所得物中加入高压均质所得物质量0.01-0.04%的稳定剂和3-6倍水混合均匀后,在温度为80-90℃条件下处理45-60min;
4)低压均质:将稳定化处理所得物置于15-20MPa条件下处理7-10min;
5)超声处理:向低压均质所得物中加入低压均质所得物20-35ppm的黑曲霉发酵液,于30-40℃,频率40-50kHz条件下处理20-25min;
6)常压均质:将超声处理所得物在30-38MPa条件下处理5-7min。
所述茶树菇粉的制备方法为:称取茶树菇米置于温度为110-120℃条件下烘烤10-15min,研磨至过200目筛,再置于130-140℃的蒸汽环境中处理5-10min。
所述稳定剂由维生素E、羟丙基甲基纤维按照质量比1:(7-11)组成。
所述稳定剂的制备方法为:取羟丙基甲基纤维加水混合至质量浓度为10-15%的悬浮液体,然后加入维生素E微波处理15-35s,烘干、研磨至过200目筛,其中,微波频率为200-300MHz。
所述黑曲霉发酵液的制备方法是:将黑曲霉孢子悬浮液以3-9%(v/v)接种量接种于装有PDB液体培养基10L的发酵罐中,25-30℃,130-150r/min,通气量控制在300-400L/h下培养2-4d,再置于搅拌速度100-110r/min,密封培养2-4d,终止发酵,经超临界萃取,即得。
所述超临界萃取的工作条件:萃取压力为10-16MPa,温度40-55℃,时间为10-15min。
所述黑曲霉孢子悬浮液的浓度为(3.5-5.5)×106个/mL。
有益效果:
采用本发明制备茶树菇饮料,能够使得茶树菇米中有效成分充分溶出,且有效降解茶树菇米中纤维素、蛋白质物质,进而有助于人体吸收,同时不含有微生物,进而有助于防止饮料腐败,同时饮料中含有丰富的抗氧化物质,有助于防止脂氧化现象。
本发明利用超声酸化技术,以柠檬酸作为转晶剂,利用超声波促渗透,降低了茶树菇粉中纤维素、半纤维素的结晶度,不仅有利于分解纤维素、半纤维素,还破坏了纤维素、半纤维素的吸附性能;再结合茶树菇粉的制备,破坏了茶树菇米的细胞壁结构,进而有助于有效成分的溶出,还使得茶树菇粉处于活性较高的状态,有助于茶树菇粉对电磁波的感应。
本发明采用高压均质处理,破坏了蛋白质结构,以及达到了杀菌作用;采用稳定化处理,提高了茶树菇饮料的抗氧化性能和耐高温性能,形成保护作用,在配制稳定剂通过微波处理,能够使得维生素E被羟丙基甲基纤维素包裹,有助于长期抗氧化作用,进而延长了饮料的保质期;采用低压均质处理,改善了稳定剂的分散情况。
本发明采用黑曲霉发酵液处理以及配合超声波作用,改善了饮料中有效成分含量,将纤维素、半纤维素降解成葡萄糖、木糖等成分,使得蛋白质降解成氨基酸成分,防止了脂肪酸氧化分解。采用常压均质处理,起到了杀菌作用,还使得稳定剂析出,在有效成本表面形成膜结构,进而防止了有效成分损失、氧化、分解的作用。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明,但本发明并不局限于这些实施方式,任何在本实施例基本精神上的改进或代替,仍属于本发明权利要求所要求保护的范围。
实施例1
一种茶树菇饮料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)超声酸化:将茶树菇粉置于超声波仪中,向超声波仪中加入质量浓度为45%柠檬酸溶液,于55℃,超声波功率500W,频率75kHz条件下酸化240s,其中,柠檬酸溶液的加入量为茶树菇粉质量的1.8倍;
2)高压均质处理:将超声酸化所得物升压至250MPa,保压6min;
3)稳定化处理:向高压均质处理所得物中加入高压均质所得物质量0.04%的稳定剂和6倍水混合均匀后,在温度为90℃条件下处理60min;
4)低压均质:将稳定化处理所得物置于20MPa条件下处理10min;
5)超声处理:向低压均质所得物中加入低压均质所得物35ppm的黑曲霉发酵液,于40℃,频率50kHz条件下处理25min;
6)常压均质:将超声处理所得物在38MPa条件下处理7min;
所述茶树菇粉的制备方法为:称取茶树菇米置于温度为120℃条件下烘烤15min,研磨至过200目筛,再置于140℃的蒸汽环境中处理10min;
所述稳定剂由维生素E、羟丙基甲基纤维按照质量比1:11组成;
所述稳定剂的制备方法为:取羟丙基甲基纤维加水混合至质量浓度为15%的悬浮液体,然后加入维生素E微波处理35s,烘干、研磨至过200目筛,其中,微波频率为300MHz;
所述黑曲霉发酵液的制备方法是:将黑曲霉孢子悬浮液以9%(v/v)接种量接种于装有PDB液体培养基10L的发酵罐中,30℃,150r/min,通气量控制在400L/h下培养4d,再置于搅拌速度110r/min,密封培养4d,终止发酵,经超临界萃取,即得;
所述超临界萃取的工作条件:萃取压力为16MPa,温度55℃,时间为15min;
所述黑曲霉孢子悬浮液的浓度为5.5×106个/mL。
实施例2
一种茶树菇饮料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)超声酸化:将茶树菇粉置于超声波仪中,向超声波仪中加入质量浓度为40%柠檬酸溶液,于50℃,超声波功率300W,频率70kHz条件下酸化180s,其中,柠檬酸溶液的加入量为茶树菇粉质量的1.5倍;
2)高压均质处理:将超声酸化所得物升压至200MPa,保压4min;
3)稳定化处理:向高压均质处理所得物中加入高压均质所得物质量0.01%的稳定剂和3倍水混合均匀后,在温度为80℃条件下处理45min;
4)低压均质:将稳定化处理所得物置于15MPa条件下处理7min;
5)超声处理:向低压均质所得物中加入低压均质所得物20ppm的黑曲霉发酵液,于30℃,频率40kHz条件下处理20min;
6)常压均质:将超声处理所得物在30MPa条件下处理5min。
所述茶树菇粉的制备方法为:称取茶树菇米置于温度为110℃条件下烘烤10min,研磨至过200目筛,再置于130℃的蒸汽环境中处理5-10min;
所述稳定剂由维生素E、羟丙基甲基纤维按照质量比1:7-组成;
所述稳定剂的制备方法为:取羟丙基甲基纤维加水混合至质量浓度为10%的悬浮液体,然后加入维生素E微波处理15s,烘干、研磨至过200目筛,其中,微波频率为200-300MHz;
所述黑曲霉发酵液的制备方法是:将黑曲霉孢子悬浮液以3%(v/v)接种量接种于装有PDB液体培养基10L的发酵罐中,25℃,130r/min,通气量控制在300L/h下培养2d,再置于搅拌速度100r/min,密封培养2d,终止发酵,经超临界萃取,即得。
所述超临界萃取的工作条件:萃取压力为10MPa,温度40℃,时间为10min。
所述黑曲霉孢子悬浮液的浓度为3.5×106个/mL。
实施例3
一种茶树菇饮料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)超声酸化:将茶树菇粉置于超声波仪中,向超声波仪中加入质量浓度为42%柠檬酸溶液,于52℃,超声波功率400W,频率72Hz条件下酸化210s,其中,柠檬酸溶液的加入量为茶树菇粉质量的1.6倍;
2)高压均质处理:将超声酸化所得物升压至220MPa,保压5min;
3)稳定化处理:向高压均质处理所得物中加入高压均质所得物质量0.02%的稳定剂和5倍水混合均匀后,在温度为85℃条件下处理50min;
4)低压均质:将稳定化处理所得物置于17MPa条件下处理8min;
5)超声处理:向低压均质所得物中加入低压均质所得物28ppm的黑曲霉发酵液,于35℃,频率45kHz条件下处理23min;
6)常压均质:将超声处理所得物在35MPa条件下处理6min;
所述茶树菇粉的制备方法为:称取茶树菇米置于温度为115℃条件下烘烤12min,研磨至过200目筛,再置于135℃的蒸汽环境中处理8min;
所述稳定剂由维生素E、羟丙基甲基纤维按照质量比1:9组成;
所述稳定剂的制备方法为:取羟丙基甲基纤维加水混合至质量浓度为12%的悬浮液体,然后加入维生素E微波处理25s,烘干、研磨至过200目筛,其中,微波频率为250MHz;
所述黑曲霉发酵液的制备方法是:将黑曲霉孢子悬浮液以6%(v/v)接种量接种于装有PDB液体培养基10L的发酵罐中,28℃,140r/min,通气量控制在350L/h下培养3d,再置于搅拌速度105r/min,密封培养3d,终止发酵,经超临界萃取,即得;
所述超临界萃取的工作条件:萃取压力为13MPa,温度48℃,时间为13min;
所述黑曲霉孢子悬浮液的浓度为4.5×106个/mL。
对比例1
与实施例3的区别在于:步骤1)中未利用超声波处理。
对比例2
与实施例3的区别在于:未利用高压均质处理。
对比例3
与实施例3的区别在于:未利用低压均质处理。
对比例4
与实施例3的区别在于:未添加黑曲霉发酵液。
对比例5
与实施例3的区别在于:未利用常压均质处理。
对比例6
与实施例3的区别在于:将黑曲霉发酵液替换为米曲霉发酵液。
试验例1
采用GB/T31325-2014的方法测定实施例及对比例的脂肪酸含量,测试组分别置于25℃、37℃条件下分别在贮藏0d、35d观察,结果如下表所示:
表1:棕榈酸的变化趋势(mg/100g)
表2:硬脂酸的变化趋势(mg/100g)
表3:油酸的变化趋势(mg/100g)
表4:亚油酸的变化趋势(mg/100g)
由此可知,与对比例相比,实施例中亚油酸和油酸降低率较低,而硬脂酸和棕榈酸的变化差异不显著。
Claims (7)
1.一种茶树菇饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)超声酸化:将茶树菇粉置于超声波仪中,向超声波仪中加入质量浓度为40-45%柠檬酸溶液,于50-55℃,超声波功率300-500W,频率70-75kHz条件下酸化180-240s,其中,柠檬酸溶液的加入量为茶树菇粉质量的1.5-1.8倍;
2)高压均质处理:将超声酸化所得物升压至200-250MPa,保压4-6min;
3)稳定化处理:向高压均质处理所得物中加入高压均质所得物质量0.01-0.04%的稳定剂和3-6倍水混合均匀后,在温度为80-90℃条件下处理45-60min;
4)低压均质:将稳定化处理所得物置于15-20MPa条件下处理7-10min;
5)超声处理:向低压均质所得物中加入低压均质所得物20-35ppm的黑曲霉发酵液,于30-40℃,频率40-50kHz条件下处理20-25min;
6)常压均质:将超声处理所得物在30-38MPa条件下处理5-7min。
2.如权利要求1所述茶树菇饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述茶树菇粉的制备方法为:称取茶树菇米置于温度为110-120℃条件下烘烤10-15min,研磨至过200目筛,再置于130-140℃的蒸汽环境中处理5-10min。
3.如权利要求1所述茶树菇饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述稳定剂由维生素E、羟丙基甲基纤维按照质量比1:(7-11)组成。
4.如权利要求1所述茶树菇饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述稳定剂的制备方法为:取羟丙基甲基纤维加水混合至质量浓度为10-15%的悬浮液体,然后加入维生素E微波处理15-35s,烘干、研磨至过200目筛,其中,微波频率为200-300MHz。
5.如权利要求1所述茶树菇饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述黑曲霉发酵液的制备方法是:将黑曲霉孢子悬浮液以3-9%(v/v)接种量接种于装有PDB液体培养基10L的发酵罐中,25-30℃,130-150r/min,通气量控制在300-400L/h下培养2-4d,再置于搅拌速度100-110r/min,密封培养2-4d,终止发酵,经超临界萃取,即得。
6.如权利要求5所述茶树菇饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述超临界萃取的工作条件:萃取压力为10-16MPa,温度40-55℃,时间为10-15min。
7.如权利要求5所述茶树菇饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述黑曲霉孢子悬浮液的浓度为(3.5-5.5)×106个/mL。
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