CN110523541A - 一种烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110523541A CN110523541A CN201910830505.3A CN201910830505A CN110523541A CN 110523541 A CN110523541 A CN 110523541A CN 201910830505 A CN201910830505 A CN 201910830505A CN 110523541 A CN110523541 A CN 110523541A
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- RSIPQHOWTCNEBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hydroxypropanamide Chemical compound CCC(=O)NO RSIPQHOWTCNEBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000005012 alkyl thioether group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- BPMFZUMJYQTVII-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidinoacetic acid Chemical compound NC(=N)NCC(O)=O BPMFZUMJYQTVII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 23
- -1 sec-amyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- WTDHULULXKLSOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.ON WTDHULULXKLSOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl acetate Chemical compound COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- FHHJDRFHHWUPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N peroxysulfuric acid Chemical compound OOS(O)(=O)=O FHHJDRFHHWUPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- LUFPJJNWMYZRQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylsulfanylmethylbenzene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1CSCC1=CC=CC=C1 LUFPJJNWMYZRQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
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- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- UPYPTOCXMIWHSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecylsulfanyldodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSCCCCCCCCCCCC UPYPTOCXMIWHSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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Classifications
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- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/008—Organic compounds containing oxygen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/01—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
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- B03D1/012—Organic compounds containing sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
- C07C323/50—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C323/51—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
- C07C323/60—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton with the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxyl groups bound to nitrogen atoms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2203/00—Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; Specified applications
- B03D2203/02—Ores
- B03D2203/04—Non-sulfide ores
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂及其制备方法与应用,烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸分子同时具有硫醚基和羟肟基两种功能基,其采用烷基硫醚基乙酸与甲醇进行酯化,再采用羟胺和碱进行羟肟化得到。烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂可以用作矿物浮选的捕收剂,制备方法简单,收率高,其分子中的硫醚基和羟肟酸基团具有协同作用,可有效提高其捕收性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于选矿药剂领域,具体涉及一种新型的烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
羟肟酸类化合物是一类对金属离子具有高效选择性的典型螯合剂。由于其分子结构中具有含孤对电子的氧和氮并且位置相互靠近,使它能与金属离子螯合生成稳定的螯合物,其通过羰基和羟基中的两个O原子与金属阳离子结合形成五元环结构。这样的特殊结构,使得羟肟酸类化合物已被广泛用于金属氧化矿的浮选、溶剂萃取、废水处理以及医药等领域。
Wang等报道了烷基羟肟酸对细粒锡石的浮选及其溶液化学性质(结构式a,PeipeiWang,Wenqing Qin,Liuyi Ren,et al.Solution chemistry and utilization of alkylhydroxamic acid in flotation of fine cassiterite[J].Transactions ofNonferrous Metals Society of China,2013,23(6):1789-1796.)。Zuo等经多次实验研究证实,经还原萃取后的铀燃料,用含乙酰羟肟酸的有机萃取相处理,能够很好的实现铀与钚的分离和净化(结构b,Chen Zuo,Taihong Yan,Weifang Zheng,et al.Kinetics andmechanism of stripping of Np(Ⅳ)by acetohyroxamic acid using a Lewis cell[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2010,283(1):83-87.)。US20020143052A1报道了芳基脂肪酸和羟肟酸作为组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂,用于治疗癌症、血液病和遗传相关代谢疾病(结构c)。
(结构a,R1=7~9)(结构b)
(结构c)
目前,浮选工业上常用的羟肟酸捕收剂还是以烷基羟肟酸、苯甲羟肟酸和水杨羟肟酸等短碳链的羟肟酸为主。这些短碳链结构的羟肟酸一般选择性好,但捕收能力弱。目前还没有烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂用作矿物浮选捕收剂的有关报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有氧化矿捕收剂存在的缺陷,提供一种新的结构的烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂。
本发明的另一目的在于提供所述的烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂的制备方法。
本发明的第三目的在于提供所述的烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂的应用,该化合物作捕收剂可广泛应用于铝土矿、钨矿、氧化铜矿、锡矿等氧化矿的浮选。与工业上常用的羟肟酸捕收剂相比,其对目标矿物选择性更好,浮选效率更高。
本发明公开了一种烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂,具有式I所示的结构:
其中式I中R1为C1~C12烷烃基;C5~C12环烷基;C6~C12芳香基;至少含一个取代基取代的C1~C12烷烃基。
本发明中,R1为C1~C12烷烃基,例如为直链烷烃基或带支链的烷基。
R1还可以为C5~C12环烷基,优选为五元或者六元的环烷烃基,所述的环烷烃基可以有取代基,取代基可以为卤素、烷基中的至少一种。
所述的C6~C12芳香基,例如苯基、苄基、或者苯环上含有烷烃基或者卤素中至少一种。
所述的至少含一个取代基取代的C1~C12烷烃基,取代基可以为苯基、苄基、对叔丁苄基中的至少一种。
作为优选,R1为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、仲戊基、新戊基、环戊基、正己基、异己基、仲己基、环己基、庚基、环庚基、正辛基、异辛基、仲辛基、环辛基、苄基、苯基、对叔丁基苄基和十二烷基中的一种。
本发明还提供了所述的烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)酯化反应:将式II结构的烷基硫醚基乙酸与甲醇在浓硫酸催化作用下进行酯化反应得到具有式III结构的烷基硫醚基乙酸甲酯;
(2)羟肟化反应:将式III结构的烷基硫醚基乙酸甲酯与羟胺、碱在水溶液中进行羟肟化反应,制得烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂;
其中,R1为C1~C12烷烃基;C5~C12环烷基;C6~C12芳香基;至少含一个取代基取代的C1~C12烷烃基。
作为优选,步骤(1)中,酯化反应温度为50~100℃,反应时间为1~6h,烷基硫醚基乙酸与甲醇的摩尔比为1:1~8,浓硫酸的质量分数为25~50g/mol,添加量为2.5~5g/0.1mol烷基硫醚基乙酸。
作为优选,步骤(2)中,羟肟化反应温度为10~60℃,反应时间为2.5~6h,羟胺为盐酸羟胺或硫酸羟胺,碱为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾,烷基硫醚基乙酸甲酯、羟胺和碱地摩尔比为1:1~1.5:1~1.5,水的用量为10~100mL水/0.1mol烷基硫醚基乙酸甲酯。
本发明还提供了所述的烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂的应用,将其作为捕收剂用于金属矿石的浮选。
作为优选,所述金属矿石为铝土矿、钨矿、氧化铜矿和锡矿中的至少一种。
本发明的的烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂作为浮选捕收剂,从金属矿石中高效回收有价金属。该浮选捕收剂中硫醚基和羟肟酸基团之间具有协同螯合金属离子的作用,增强捕收剂与矿物表面金属离子的作用,促进矿物的高效回收。
本发明中,在金属矿石浮选过程中,调浆后,加入所述的烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸捕收剂,通过泡沫浮选法浮选出金属矿物。
作为优选,烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸作为捕收剂的基本流程为:(1)金属矿石磨细后浮选;(2)将式Ⅰ的烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸与氢氧化钠或者氢氧化钾在水中配成烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸的盐溶液作浮选药剂;(3)在浮选过程中加入盐酸或者氢氧化钠调节矿浆pH为7~9,弱碱性条件下,添加烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸的盐溶液25~400mg/L;(4)通过泡沫浮选法浮选有用金属矿物。
本发明所使用的烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸捕收剂,对铝土矿、孔雀石、锡矿、黑钨矿等矿物具有较强的捕收能力,可以提高铝土矿、孔雀石、锡矿、黑钨矿等矿物的浮选回收率。采用本发明所述的烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸作为捕收剂,烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂用量25~400mg/L,浮选过程中加入盐酸或者氢氧化钠调节矿浆pH为7~9,弱碱性条件下,与苯甲羟肟酸相比,可以使氧化矿的浮选回收率提高,实现有价矿物与脉石矿物的浮选分离,浮选回收率提高30%左右。
相对于现有技术,本发明的有益效果是:
1、首次将含硫醚基和羟肟酸基团的化合物应用于有色金属矿物的浮选分离,实现有色金属矿物高效回收。
2、该捕收剂是具有复合官能团的化合物,它具有-S-和羟肟基团复合官能团。两种官能团之间的协同螯合作用较强,捕收效果好,对一些金属离子具有较强的螯合能力。
3、与目前工业上常用的的浮选捕收剂相比,本发明所述结构的含硫醚基的羟肟酸捕收剂具有良好的捕收性能。与苯甲羟肟酸相比,本发明的疏水基烃链的长度相对较长,可改善捕收剂的疏水起泡性能,提高泡沫浮选效率。有色金属回收过程简单、高效、切实可行,满足工业应用要求。
4、目前工业上硫氨酯废水中含有大量的巯基乙酸,而本发明的原料来源于巯基乙酸,提高了废水中有价物质的回收,变废为宝。
附图说明
图1为苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸的核磁共振氢谱图;
图2为苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸的核磁共振碳谱图;
图3为苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸的红外光谱图;
图4十二烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸的核磁共振氢谱图;
图5十二烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸的核磁共振碳谱图;
图6为在DFT/B2LYP6-311G(d)水平下苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸的最优构型;
图7为在DFT/B2LYP6-311G(d)水平下苯甲羟肟酸的最优构型;
图8为在DFT/B2LYP6-311G(d)水平下苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸的最高占据轨道(HOMO)和最低占据轨道(LUMO);
图9为在DFT/B2LYP6-311G(d)水平下苯甲羟肟酸的最高占据轨道(HOMO)和最低占据轨道(LUMO);
图10为在DFT/B2LYP6-311G(d)水平下苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸的分子静电势;
图11为在DFT/B2LYP6-311G(d)水平下苯甲羟肟酸的分子静电势;
图12为苯甲羟肟酸与苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸分子结构示意图与原子序号;
图13为本发明实施例6的黑钨矿浮选工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明由下列实施例进一步说明,但不受这些实施例的限制。
实施例1
苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸的制备:
将18.93g96.15%的苄基硫醚基乙酸、16.16g99%的甲醇和2.5g98%的浓硫酸加入到150mL三口烧瓶中,升温至75℃反应5h,冷却至室温后,加入4.2g98.5%的碳酸氢钠固体,待无气泡放出后,过滤,减压蒸馏除去甲醇得到苄基硫醚基乙酸甲酯。将7.76g99.5%的盐酸羟胺加入容积为150mL的三口烧瓶中,并加入30mL蒸馏水使盐酸羟胺溶解。称取8.33g96%的氢氧化钠,用20mL蒸馏水使之溶解,然后将氢氧化钠的水溶液在冰浴下滴加至盐酸羟胺的水溶液中,滴加完后,向混合物中加入苄基硫醚基乙酸甲酯,升温至40℃反应4h,反应完后用硫酸酸化得苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸产品16.81g,基于苄基硫醚基乙酸的收率为91.86%。苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸经提纯后进行表征,1HNMR、13CNMR和红外光谱图分别如图1~3所示.
表1核磁共振氢谱和碳谱分析结果
表2红外光谱分析结果
量子化学计算结果表明,苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸的疏水常数ClogP值为0.9626,分子最高占据轨道(HOMO)和最低占据轨道(LUMO)的能量值分别为-0.24699和-0.03267,最高占据分子轨道与最低未占据分子轨道之间的能隙可以作为有机物的一种稳定性指数,苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸最高占据分子轨道与最低未占据分子轨道之间的能隙为0.21432,与现用的苯甲羟肟酸的能隙比较接近(见表3),因此具有较强的捕收能力和较好的选择性,特别适用于氧化铜矿、铝土矿、钨矿、锡矿等氧化矿物的浮选。
由表4结合图10可知,苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸N-O键长与苯甲羟肟酸相近,但C=O双键长比苯甲羟肟酸长,说明苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸电子在C=O双键之间的分布少,导致C=O双键的强度较苯甲羟肟酸弱,因此活性更高。而羟肟酸与矿物作用是通过羰基和羟基中的两个O原子与金属阳离子结合形成五元环结构。因此,苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸更易与金属阳离子作用。二面角的数据表明,苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸O4-C3-N2-O1组成的二面角比苯甲羟肟酸更接近于0,有利于共轭п键的形成,能提高与矿物金属离子的作用能力,也有利于与金属离子作用后形成更加稳定的螯合环。
表3在DFT/B3LYP6-311G(d)水平下羟肟酸捕收剂的单点能、HOMO与LUMO能量值及CLogP值
表4在DFT/B3LYP6-311G(d)水平下苄羟肟酸捕收剂的结构参数
实施例2
苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸的制备:
将9.47g96.15%的苄基硫醚基乙酸、8.08g99%的甲醇和1.3g98%的浓硫酸加入到容积为100mL三口烧瓶中,升温至75℃反应5h,冷却至室温后,加入2.1g98.5%的碳酸氢钠固体,待无气泡放出后,过滤,减压蒸馏除去甲醇得到苄基硫醚基乙酸甲酯。将3.88g99.5%的盐酸羟胺加入容积为100mL的三口烧瓶中,并加入30mL蒸馏水使盐酸羟胺溶解。称取6.59g85.0%的氢氧化钾,用20mL蒸馏水使之溶解,然后将氢氧化钾的水溶液在冰浴下滴加至盐酸羟胺的水溶液中,滴加完后,向混合物中加入苄基硫醚基乙酸甲酯,升温至40℃反应4.5h,反应完后用硫酸酸化得苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸产品8.92g,基于苄基硫醚基乙酸的收率为90.56%。
实施例3
十二烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸的制备:
称取18.71g97.30%的十二烷基硫醚基乙酸、16.16g99%的甲醇和2.5g98%的浓硫酸加入到容积为150mL三口烧瓶中,加热至75℃反应4.5h,冷却至室温后,加入4.2g98.5%的碳酸氢钠固体,待无气泡放出后,过滤,减压蒸馏得到十二烷基硫醚基乙酸甲酯。将7.76g99.5%的盐酸羟胺和30mL蒸馏水加入150mL的三口烧瓶中,将8.33g96%的氢氧化钠和20mL蒸馏水混合,然后将氢氧化钠的水溶液在冰浴下滴加至盐酸羟胺的水溶液中,滴加完后,向混合物中加入十二烷基硫醚基乙酸甲酯,升温至40℃反应4h,反应完后用硫酸酸化得十二烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸产品17.20g,基于十二烷基硫醚基乙酸的收率为89.30%。十二烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸经提纯后进行表征,1HNMR和13CNMR分别如图4~5所示。
表5核磁共振氢谱和碳谱分析结果
实施例4
苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸浮选孔雀石:
当苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸和苯甲羟肟酸浓度为400mg/L,矿浆pH为8,起泡剂(MIBC)浓度为30mg/L,转速为1650r/min时,对粒径为-0.076mm~+0.038mm的孔雀石分别浮选5分钟。苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸做捕收剂时,孔雀石的浮选回收率可达96.26%,而苯甲羟肟酸做捕收剂时,孔雀石的浮选回收率仅为30.88%。
实施例5
苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸浮选铝土矿:
当苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸和苯甲羟肟酸浓度为150mg/L,矿浆pH为8,起泡剂(MIBC)浓度为30mg/L,转速为1650r/min时,对粒径为-0.076mm~+0.038mm的铝土矿分别浮选5分钟。苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸做捕收剂时,铝土矿的浮选回收率可达95.91%,而苯甲羟肟酸做捕收剂时,铝土矿的浮选回收率仅为19.88%。
实施例6
苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸浮选黑钨矿:
当苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸和苯甲羟肟酸浓度为25mg/L,矿浆pH为8,活化剂(Pb2+)浓度为30mg/L,起泡剂(MIBC)浓度为30mg/L,转速为1650r/min时,对粒径为-0.076mm~+0.038mm的黑钨矿分别浮选5分钟,浮选工艺流程图见图10。苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸做捕收剂时,黑钨矿的浮选回收率可达95.89%,而苯甲羟肟酸做捕收剂时,黑钨矿的浮选回收率仅为46.86%。
实施例7
苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸浮选锡石:
当苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸和苯甲羟肟酸浓度为400mg/L,矿浆pH为8,起泡剂(MIBC)浓度为30mg/L,转速为1650r/min时,对粒径为-0.076mm~+0.038mm的锡石分别浮选5分钟。苄基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸做捕收剂时,锡石的浮选回收率可达79.41%,而苯甲羟肟酸做捕收剂时,锡石的浮选回收率仅为42.83%。
Claims (8)
1.一种烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂,其特征在于,具有式I所示结构:
其中式I中R1为C1~C12烷烃基;C5~C12环烷基;C6~C12芳香基;至少含一个取代基取代的C1~C12烷烃基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂,其特征在于:R1选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、仲戊基、新戊基、环戊基、正己基、异己基、仲己基、环己基、庚基、环庚基、正辛基、异辛基、仲辛基、环辛基、苄基、苯基、对叔丁基苄基和十二烷基中的一种。
3.权利要求1或2所述的烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)酯化反应:将式II结构的烷基硫醚基乙酸与甲醇在浓硫酸催化作用下进行酯化反应得到具有式III结构的烷基硫醚基乙酸甲酯;
(2)羟肟化反应:将式III结构的烷基硫醚基乙酸甲酯与羟胺、碱在水溶液中进行羟肟化反应,制得烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂;
其中,R1为C1~C12烷烃基;C5~C12环烷基;C6~C12芳香基;至少含一个取代基取代的C1~C12烷烃基。
4.根据权利要求3所述的烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,酯化反应温度为50~100℃,反应时间为1~6h,烷基硫醚基乙酸与甲醇的摩尔比为1:1~8,浓硫酸的质量分数为25~50g/mol,添加量为2.5~5g/0.1mol烷基硫醚基乙酸。
5.根据权利要求3所述的烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,羟肟化反应温度为10~60℃,反应时间为2.5~6h,羟胺为盐酸羟胺或硫酸羟胺,碱为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾,烷基硫醚基乙酸甲酯、羟胺和碱地摩尔比为1:1~1.5:1~1.5,水的用量为10~100mL水/0.1mol烷基硫醚基乙酸甲酯。
6.权利要求1或2所述的烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂或权利要求3-5任一项所述的制备方法制得的烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂的应用,其特征在于:将其作为捕收剂用于金属矿石的浮选。
7.根据权利要求6所述的烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂的应用,其特征在于:所述金属矿石为铝土矿、钨矿、氧化铜矿和锡矿中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸药剂的应用,其特征在于:烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸作为捕收剂的基本流程为:(1)金属矿石磨细后浮选;(2)将式Ⅰ的烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸与氢氧化钠或者氢氧化钾在水中配成烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸的盐溶液作浮选药剂;(3)在浮选过程中加入盐酸或者氢氧化钠调节矿浆pH为7~9,弱碱性条件下,添加烷基硫醚基乙基羟肟酸的盐溶液25~400mg/L;(4)通过泡沫浮选法浮选有用金属矿物。
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