CN110518070B - 一种适用于单片集成的碳化硅ldmos器件及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种适用于单片集成的碳化硅ldmos器件及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及功率半导体技术领域,公开了一种适合集成的碳化硅LDMOS器件及其制造方法。该器件包含N型高掺杂衬底,其上方依次为一P型外延隔离埋层,一N‑型轻掺杂漂移区。在漂移区顶部,分布有一P‑阱区,一P+基区,一N+源区,一P‑RESURF区和一N+漏区。其中,P+基区,N+源区位于P‑阱区内部。在P‑阱区和N+漏区之间为P‑RESURF区,紧贴N+漏区。漂移区之上为一栅氧化层,覆盖P‑阱区和N+源区嵌套形成的沟道区域以及P‑RESURF区。该新型碳化硅LDMOS器件具有高阻断电压、低导通电阻等特点,且其工艺与目前垂直结构碳化硅MOSFET完全兼容,便于制备碳化硅功率集成电路。同时该器件引入RESURF技术,提升器件击穿电压,降低器件导通电阻。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于半导体功率器件技术领域,具体涉及一种高压碳化硅LDMOS器件及制造方法。
背景技术
碳化硅材料具有优良的材料特性,被认为是下一代功率半导体技术的核心材料,目前碳化硅JBS、MOSFET等器件已经被广泛的运用在新能源汽车,电能转换等诸多领域。然而在功率集成电路领域,碳化硅技术的应用仍较为少见,其主要原因是碳化硅的缺陷密度依然较大,以及合适的,便于集成的横向碳化硅器件仍然较为缺乏。
LDMOS(横向双扩散金属氧化物场效应晶体管)具有增益高,线性范围宽,失真小,便于集成等优点,被广泛的应用于功率集成电路领域。与垂直结构器件一样,击穿电压和导通电阻间的矛盾是功率LDMOS器件最主要的矛盾,碳化硅材料的应用可以大幅缓解这一矛盾,但也会带来诸如高界面态密度等诸多问题。
通常硅集成电路中所使用的LDMOS器件均使用P型衬底或SOI硅衬底,而对于碳化硅材料而言,P型衬底极其难制备,半绝缘衬底的价格也比较高。因此开发新型的N型高掺杂衬底碳化硅LDMOS器件是发展碳化硅集成电路必不可少的一环。
RESURF技术是一种利用P型区域辅助耗尽N型漂移区,使得漂移区中杂质电离电荷被二维共享,避免电力线朝主结表面处汇集从而降低器件表面电场尖峰,提升器件击穿电压。同时可以提高器件漂移区掺杂浓度,降低导通电阻。通过在LDMOS器件中引入RESURF技术,能够大幅提升器件综合性能。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本发明的目的是针对碳化硅材料特点,提供一种适合单片集成的横向碳化硅LDMOS器件结构及制备方法。该新型碳化硅LDMOS器件具有高阻断电压、低导通电阻等特点,且其工艺与目前垂直结构碳化硅MOSFET完全兼容,便于制备碳化硅功率集成电路。同时该器件引入RESURF技术,提升器件击穿电压,降低器件导通电阻。
(二)技术方案
本发明的技术方案综合考虑材料特性、工艺难度、器件性能和成本等方面,提供一种适用于单片集成的碳化硅LDMOS器件结构。
图1为该器件结构。该结构包含一N型高掺杂衬底1,其上方依次为一P型外延隔离埋层2,一N-型轻掺杂漂移区3。在漂移区3顶部,分布有一P-阱区4,一P+基区5,一N+源区6,一P-RESURF区8和一N+漏区7。其中,P+基区5,N+源区6位于P-阱区4内部,N+漏区和P-阱区之间有一定宽度的间隔,其间隔宽度取决于器件设计中设定的阻断电压。在P-阱区和N+漏区之间为P-RESURF区8,紧贴N+漏区7。漂移区3之上为一栅氧化层11,覆盖P-阱区4和N+源区6嵌套形成的沟道区域以及P-RESURF区8。P+基区5和N源区6上方为源电极9,栅氧化层11上方为栅电极12,N+漏区7上方为漏电极10。器件两侧通过深入埋层的隔离槽13实现隔离。
本发明的另一方面,提出了一种制备该碳化硅LDMOS器件的基本工艺流程,包括以下步骤:
S1:在N+型碳化硅衬底1上依次外延P型埋层2,N-漂移区3。
S2:在N-漂移区3顶部离子注入形成P-阱区4。一次离子注入同时形成N+源区6和N+漏区7,再离子注入形成P+基区5和P-RESURF区8,并进行离子注入激活退火。
S3:刻蚀隔离槽13,并回填隔离介质。
S4:氧化形成栅氧化层,并在NO环境下进行栅氧化层退火,沉积并刻蚀多晶硅栅电极12。刻蚀栅氧化层电极开口,溅射金属形成源电极9、漏电极10。
(三)有益效果
本发明设计了一种碳化硅LDMOS器件结构,该器件与现有碳化硅垂直结构工艺完全兼容,采用商业化的碳化硅N+衬底,成本较为低廉,十分便于作为碳化硅集成电路的基础元器件。器件使用较薄的外延层,引入P-RESURF区和P型埋层区,阻断大电压同时具有较低的导通电阻。
器件使用较薄的外延层便能实现高阻断电压,且其导通电流密度较大,具有极好的器件综合性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明的碳化硅LDMOS器件结构图;
图2为本发明的碳化硅LDMOS器件输出特性曲线;
图3为本发明的碳化硅LDMOS器件工艺流程图;
图4为本发明实施例所提供的器件制备工艺步骤S1示意图;
图5为本发明实施例所提供的器件制备工艺步骤S2示意图;
图6为本发明实施例所提供的器件制备工艺步骤S3示意图;
图7为本发明实施例所提供的器件制备工艺步骤S4示意图;
图8为本发明实施例2所提供的器件结构图;
图9为本发明实施例3所提供的器件结构图
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施例,并参照附图,对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
实施例1:
本发明实施例的一方面提供了一种碳化硅LDMOS器件结构,图1为本发明的碳化硅LDMOS器件结构示意图。如图1所示,该器件结构包含一N型高掺杂衬底1,其上方依次为一P型外延隔离埋层2,一N-型轻掺杂漂移区3。在漂移区3顶部,分布有一P-阱区4,一P+基区5,一N+源区6,一P-RESURF区8和一N+漏区7。其中,P+基区5,N+源区6位于P-阱区4内部,N+漏区和P-阱区之间有一定宽度的间隔,其间隔宽度取决于器件设计中设定的阻断电压。在P-阱区和N+漏区之间为P-RESURF区8,紧贴N+漏区7。漂移区3之上为一栅氧化层11,覆盖P-阱区4和N+源区6嵌套形成的沟道区域以及P-RESURF区8。P+基区5和N源区6上方为源电极9,栅氧化层11上方为栅电极12,N+漏区7上方为漏电极10。器件两侧通过深入埋层的隔离槽13实现隔离。
所述结构可以和垂直结构的碳化硅VDMOSFET器件同步制备工艺完全兼容。
在本实施例中,优选的,所述N型高掺杂衬底1为大规模商业化的碳化硅N型高掺衬底,其掺杂浓度为1×1018cm-3至1×1021cm-3。所述P型埋层2的厚度为2μm至10μm,掺杂浓度1×1014cm-3至1×1016cm-3。所述N-漂移区3的作用为导通状态下导通电流,阻断状态形成耗尽区承载电压,其厚度1μm至30μm,掺杂浓度2×1014cm-3至1×1016cm-3。
在本实施例中,优选的,所述P-阱区掺杂浓度为2×1017cm-3至2×1018cm-3,深度为0.6μm至1μm。P-阱区内部的P+基区5和N+源区6掺杂浓度均为1×1018cm-3至5×1019cm-3,深度为0.2μm至0.4μm。N+漏区7与N+源区6可以通过离子注入同时形成,因此具有相同的掺杂浓度和深度。N+漏区7和P-阱区4之间的间距取决于器件所需要阻断的电压,可选的,其间距为5μm至100μm。
在本实施例中,优选的,所述P-RESURF区8紧贴N+漏区7,且与P-阱区4有一定的间隔,可选的,间隔宽度为1μm至50μm。其掺杂浓度为1×1016cm-3至1×1018cm-3,深度为0.2μm至0.4μm。
所述源电极9同时与P+基区5和N+源区6实现欧姆接触,漏电极10与N+漏区实现欧姆接触。可选的,源电极9和漏电极10均可采用相同的三层金属Ni/Ti/Al形成,三层金属的厚度分别为80nm/30nm/80nm。
在本实施例中,优选的,所述栅氧化层11厚度为20nm至100nm,栅电极使用N型多晶硅,厚度0.2μm至1μm。
在本实施例中,所述隔离槽13中回填有隔离介质,如SiO2、Si3N4等。
本发明实施例的另一方面,提供了制备该碳化硅LDMOS器件的基本工艺流程,包括以下步骤:
步骤S1:在N+型碳化硅衬底1上依次外延P型埋层2,N-漂移区3。
步骤S2:在N-漂移区3顶部离子注入形成P-阱区4。一次离子注入同时形成N+源区6和N+漏区7,再离子注入形成P+基区5和P-RESURF区8,并进行离子注入激活退火。
清洗外延片表面后,在碳化硅表面沉积一层厚度为20nm至100nm的二氧化硅,涂胶光刻显影后蒸发金属Ti,经过剥离形成P-阱区4的注入掩膜,使用Al离子在500℃下注入形成P-阱区4。浓硫酸双氧水混合液去除晶片表面阱区注入掩膜,再次涂胶光刻显影后蒸发金属Ti,经过剥离形成N+源区6和N+漏区7的注入掩膜,使用N离子在500℃下注入形成N+源区6和N+漏区7。再次使用浓硫酸双氧水混合液去除晶片表面源区漏区注入掩膜,涂胶光刻显影后蒸发金属Ti,经过剥离形成基区注入掩膜,使用Al离子在500℃下注入形成P+基区5。最后再次使用浓硫酸双氧水混合液去除晶片表面的基区注入掩膜,再一次涂胶光刻显影后蒸发金属Ti,经过剥离形成RESURF区注入掩膜,使用Al离子在500℃下注入形成P-RESURF区。
完成上述步骤后,使用浓硫酸双氧水混合液、BOE溶液、氨水双氧水混合液、HCl双氧水混合液清洗晶片表面,去除碳化硅表面的氧化膜和金属。在碳化硅表面覆盖碳膜,在1750℃以上激活退火2小时。
步骤S3:刻蚀隔离槽13,并回填隔离介质;
再次清洗晶片表面后,使用PECVD在碳化硅表面生长SiO2,厚度为2μm至50μm,在1000℃氧气氛围中增密SiO2三小时。之后在二氧化硅表面涂胶光刻显影后蒸发金属Ti,经过剥离形成SiO2刻蚀掩膜,使用CF4和O2作为二氧化硅的刻蚀气体刻蚀SiO2。浓硫酸双氧水清洗去除Ti之后,使用SF6、O2、HBr作为碳化硅深槽的刻蚀气体进行ICP刻蚀。刻蚀完成后,在1600℃下使用H2刻蚀去除微沟槽。再次清洗晶片表面,在沟槽中回填SiO2或Si3N4介质。
步骤S4:氧化形成栅氧化层,并在NO环境下进行栅氧化层退火,沉积并刻蚀多晶硅栅电极12。刻蚀栅氧化层电极开口,溅射金属形成源电极9、漏电极10。
在本步骤中,清洗晶片表面后将晶片在氧化炉中干氧氧化,氧化温度为1250℃,氧化层厚度约为50nm;氧化完成后,在N2环境下原位退火,并在NO环境下退火,退火温度均为1300℃。涂胶光刻显影后打开源、漏区域表面,溅射金属Ni/Ti/Al,三层金属的厚度分别为80nm/30nm/80nm,并在950℃下RTA退火2分钟,同时形成源区的N型欧姆接触、漏区的N型欧姆接触和基区的P型欧姆接触,形成最终器件。
实施例2:
本发明实施例提供了另一种碳化硅LDMOS的基本结构,其基本结构如图8所示。与实施例1所提供的结构的不同点是,P-RESURF区8被分段P-区域8替代,这样能够获得更均匀的横向场降,提高器件的阻断能力,降低器件导通电阻。
实施例3:
本发明实施例提供了一种碳化硅LDMOS的基本结构,其基本结构如图9所示。与实施例1所提供的结构的不同点是,P型埋层被分为了高掺杂P+埋层22和轻掺杂P-埋层21两部分。P-埋层21掺杂浓度为1×1014cm-3至1×1016cm-3,P+埋层22掺杂浓度为1×1014cm-3至1×1016cm-3,这样能够提高阻断状态下漏衬击穿电压。
以上所述的具体实施例,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,通过改变某个区域厚度或掺杂浓度,增加或减少辅助环数目,或者在本发明的基础上,再额外增加复合终端的数目,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种适用于单片集成的碳化硅LDMOS器件,其特征在于,包含一N型高掺杂衬底(1),其上方依次为一P型外延隔离埋层(2),一N-型轻掺杂漂移区(3),在所述N-型轻掺杂漂移区(3)顶部,分布有一P-阱区(4),一P+基区(5),一N+源区(6),一P-RESURF区(8)和一N+漏区(7),其中,所述P+基区(5),所述N+源区(6)位于所述P-阱区(4)内部,所述N+漏区(7)和所述P-阱区(4)之间有一定宽度的间隔,其间隔宽度取决于器件设计中设定的阻断电压,在所述P-阱区(4)和所述N+漏区(7)之间为P-RESURF区(8),紧贴所述N+漏区(7),N-型轻掺杂漂移区(3)之上为一栅氧化层(11),覆盖所述P-阱区(4)和所述N+源区(6)嵌套形成的沟道区域以及P-RESURF区(8),所述P+基区(5)和所述N+源区(6)上方为源电极(9),栅氧化层(11)上方为栅电极(12),所述N+漏区(7)上方为漏电极(10),器件两侧通过深入埋层的隔离槽(13)实现隔离,所述P-RESURF区(8)紧贴所述N+漏区(7),且与所述P-阱区(4)有一定的间隔,间隔宽度为1μm至50μm,其掺杂浓度为1×1016cm-3至1×1018cm-3,深度为0.2μm至0.4μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的碳化硅LDMOS器件,其特征在于,所述N型高掺杂衬底(1)为大规模商业化的碳化硅N型高掺衬底,其掺杂浓度为1×1018cm-3至1×1021cm-3,所述P型外延隔离埋层(2)的厚度为2μm至10μm,掺杂浓度1×1014cm-3至1×1016cm-3,所述N-型轻掺杂漂移区(3)的作用为导通状态下导通电流,阻断状态形成耗尽区承载电压,其厚度1μm至30μm,掺杂浓度2×1014cm-3至1×1016cm-3。
3.根据权利要求2所述的碳化硅LDMOS器件,其特征在于,所述P-阱区(4)掺杂浓度为2×1017cm-3至2×1018cm-3,深度为0.6μm至1μm,P-阱区(4)内部的所述P+基区(5)和所述N+源区(6)掺杂浓度均为1×1018cm-3至5×1019cm-3,深度为0.2μm至0.4μm,N+漏区(7)与所述N+源区(6)可以通过离子注入同时形成,因此具有相同的掺杂浓度和深度,所述N+漏区(7)和所述P-阱区(4)之间的间距取决于器件所需要阻断的电压,其间距为5μm至100μm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的碳化硅LDMOS器件,其特征在于,所述源电极(9)同时与所述P+基区(5)和所述N+源区(6)实现欧姆接触,所述漏电极(10)与所述N+漏区(7)实现欧姆接触,所述源电极(9)和所述漏电极(10)均可采用相同的三层金属Ni/Ti/Al形成,三层金属的厚度分别为80nm/30nm/80nm。
5.根据权利要求4所述的碳化硅LDMOS器件,其特征在于,所述栅氧化层(11)厚度为20nm至100nm,栅电极使用N型多晶硅,厚度0.2μm至1μm。
6.根据权利要求5所述的碳化硅LDMOS器件,其特征在于,所述隔离槽(13)中回填有隔离介质,如SiO2或Si3N4。
7.根据权利要求6所述的碳化硅LDMOS器件,其特征在于,P-RESURF区(8)由分段P-RESURF区(8)代替。
8.根据权利要求7所述的碳化硅LDMOS器件,其特征在于,P型外延隔离埋层(2)被分为了高掺杂P+埋层(22)和轻掺杂P-埋层(21)两部分,轻掺杂P-埋层(21)掺杂浓度为1×1014cm-3至1×1016cm-3,高掺杂P+埋层(22)掺杂浓度为1×1014cm-3至1×1016cm-3,这样能够提高阻断状态下漏衬击穿电压。
9.一种如权利要求1-8任一项所述的碳化硅LDMOS器件的制造方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:在N型高掺杂衬底(1)上依次P型外延隔离埋层(2),N-型轻掺杂漂移区(3);
S2:在N-型轻掺杂漂移区(3)顶部离子注入形成P-阱区(4),一次离子注入同时形成N+源区(6)和N+漏区(7),再离子注入形成P+基区(5)和P-RESURF区(8),并进行离子注入激活退火;
S3:刻蚀隔离槽(13),并回填隔离介质;
S4:氧化形成栅氧化层,并在NO环境下进行栅氧化层退火,沉积并刻蚀栅电极(12),刻蚀栅氧化层电极开口,溅射金属形成源电极(9)、漏电极(10)。
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