CN110495409A - The cultural method of plectropomus leopardus - Google Patents
The cultural method of plectropomus leopardus Download PDFInfo
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- CN110495409A CN110495409A CN201910713227.3A CN201910713227A CN110495409A CN 110495409 A CN110495409 A CN 110495409A CN 201910713227 A CN201910713227 A CN 201910713227A CN 110495409 A CN110495409 A CN 110495409A
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- 241000321455 Plectropomus leopardus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to fish culture fields, the in particular to cultural method of plectropomus leopardus.The cultural method mainly include intercropping technology, feed formulation method and feeding technology, bleeding technique, water quality adjustment technology, disease Control Technology, probiotics application method, aquaculture pond bottom blowdown technology and cultivation tail water processing etc..Plectropomus leopardus industrial aquaculture technology provided by the invention can effectively improve the red rate of increasing of cultivation plectropomus leopardus to 90% or more, disease disease incidence is effectively reduced, cultivation survival rate reaches 90% or more, and the micronutrient levels such as marketable fish muscle protein content, DHA content, content of vitamin E and zinc, magnesium significantly improve, and meat quality is obviously improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fish culture fields, the in particular to cultural method of plectropomus leopardus.
Background technique
Plectropomus leopardus category Perciformes , Sushi section, Epinephelinae, gill spine perch category are that one kind is distributed mainly on the torrid zone and Asia
The rare seawater fish of Tropical Ocean Area, is distributed in Atlantic ocean region-west, including South Japan, TaiWan, China, Australia, Fiji etc.
Sea area.Mainly move in 3~100 meters of the depth of water of waters.Body extension and it is big and strong, standard length is 2.9~3.9 times of body height.Body
Body and head are in olive colour to bronzing, and head, body and fin are covered with tiny Bluepoint, and pectoral fin is red, and tail fin rear edge part has not
Obvious dark color band.Plectropomus leopardus fish kisses slightly pointed protrusion, and schistostoma is open, and section is almost round, big in head.Mouth is big, lower jaw side
Side has small canine tooth.Body is by tiny ctenoid scale, and 89~99 pieces of number of lateral.Dorsal spine portion is connected with soft item portion, and fin spine portion is obviously short
In soft item portion, have 8 pieces of hard spine, 10~12 pieces of soft item；3 pieces of the hard spine of anal fin, thin and delicate and movable, 8 pieces of soft item；Abdomeinal fin abdomen position, end
Extend and is open far away from anus；Pectoral fin is round, and the fin ray in center is longer than the fin ray of upper and lower, and 15~16 pieces of fin ray, tail fin rear
It is recessed.Body is long up to 120 centimetres.Plectropomus leopardus mainly inhabites the lake Diarrhea and face in coral reef debris area or the numerous life of coral
The area Hai Jiao also often comes across the slope Wai Jiao；Natural disposition is violent, extremely voracious, even to prey on shell-fish using fish as Major Foods.
It can migrate short distance when breeding period and be gathered in the oviposition of reef area, be buoyant egg.Dwelling property of juvenile fish bottom, alertness is high, mainly inhabits
Coral debris heap.
Due to its amount of fishing increasingly decays, growth rate is relatively low and the powerful market demand etc., in recent years
China's plectropomus leopardus cultivation scale constantly expands, and according to statistics, 2018, which are only Hainan Province's plectropomus leopardus cultured output, reaches
3000t, 900,000,000 yuan of annual value of production or so.Nevertheless, domestic plectropomus leopardus cultivation that there are cultivation survival rates is not high, it is low to increase red rate,
The problems such as disease incidence is high, product quality is irregular and the unordered discharge of cultivation tail water, cultural technique need into one
Step improves.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of cultural method of plectropomus leopardus.The present invention provides plectropomus leopardus
Cultural method, increasing red rate height high with cultivation survival rate, disease incidence are low, product quality significantly improves and cultivate tail water
The features such as qualified discharge.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
The present invention provides the cultural methods of plectropomus leopardus, feed industry strain Co., Ltd. brand fish and are good for feed, and
When feeding No. 7 material (8.0~9.0mm), the natural shrimp for adding No. 7 material mass percentage 0.15%~0.6% is green
Element, the feeding volume of the feed are the 0.8~1% of fish body weight, are fed daily 1 time；
Cultivation plectropomus leopardus density is 20~50 tails/m3, the density of intercropping Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) is 1~2 tail/m3；Aquaculture pond is supported
The bottom and side wall setting blue background of cabinet is grown, cloudy day or night use red light irradiation；Breeding water body temperature is 25~28
DEG C, salinity is 26~30.
It is described to feed in some specific embodiments of the invention specifically: fish body is averaged the long 4.5~6cm of body, throws
No. 1 material is fed, feed diameter is 1.8~2.0mm, and feeding volume is the 1.5~2% of fish body weight；Fish body is averaged the long 6~8cm of body, feeds
No. 2 material, feed diameter are 2.2~2.4mm, and feeding volume is the 1~2% of fish body weight；Fish body is averaged the long 9~13cm of body, feeds No. 3
Material, feed diameter are 3.1~3.5mm；Fish body is averaged the long 13~16cm of body, feeds No. 4 material, and feed diameter is 4.1~4.5mm,
Feedstuff feeding amount is the 1~1.5% of fish body weight；Fish body is averaged the long 16~20cm of body, feeds No. 5 material, feed diameter for 5.1~
5.5mm, feedstuff feeding amount are the 1~1.5% of fish body weight；Fish body is averaged the long 20~25cm of body, feeds No. 6 material, feed diameter is
6.6~7.0mm, feedstuff feeding amount are the 0.8~1% of fish body weight；Fish body is averaged the long 25~27cm of body, feeds No. 7 material, feed is straight
Diameter is 8.0~9.0mm, and 0.15%~0.6% natural astaxanthin is added in feed, and feedstuff feeding amount is fish body weight
0.8~1%；Fish body is averaged the long 27cm or more of body, feeds No. 8 material, and feed diameter is 10~11mm, and feeding volume is fish body weight
0.5~0.8%；
Practical feeding volume ingests situation according to fish and health status increases and decreases in right amount, feeds daily 1 time, afternoon 2:30~5:
It is fed during 00.
In some specific embodiments of the invention, intensity of illumination is 100~400lux.
In some specific embodiments of the invention, the content of nitrite of breeding water body is 0.03~0.15mg/L.
In some specific embodiments of the invention, the ammonia-nitrogen content of breeding water body is 0.05~0.1 mg/L.
In some specific embodiments of the invention, the dissolved oxygen of breeding water body is 5~9mg/L.
It further include adding lactic acid bacteria in the feed fed every two weeks in some specific embodiments of the invention
Preparation, total viable count is greater than 100 × 10 in the lactobacillus preparation8cfu/ml。
In some specific embodiments of the invention, when feeding No. 1 material ,+20% water of 20% lactobacillus preparation is added；
When feeding No. 2 material ,+15% water of 15% lactobacillus preparation is added；10% lactobacillus preparation+10% is added when feeding 3~No. 4 material
Water；When feeding 5~No. 6 material ,+7% water of 7% lactobacillus preparation is added；When feeding No. 7 material, 5% lactobacillus preparation+5% is added
Water；When feeding No. 8 material ,+3% water of 3% lactobacillus preparation is added；
Wherein the additive amount of the lactobacillus preparation and water is the percentage composition for accounting for the feed fed.
In some specific embodiments of the invention, further include the steps that blowdown, daily quantity of exchanged water is breeding water body body
Long-pending 7~8 times.
In some specific embodiments of the invention, the wavelength of the feux rouges is 650nm.
Specifically, the cultural method of plectropomus leopardus provided by the invention includes the following steps:
1. seed puts in a suitable place to breed and light control
Healthy fry (the long 5-6cm of body) is selected to be placed in cement pit (3m*6m*1.4m, cement pool water level are 0.8m or so),
Wherein 3 groups are experimental group, and 3 groups are control group；The density of experimental group intercropping Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) (the long 4-5cm of body) is 1~2 tail/m3, workshop
Intensity of illumination is controlled in 100-400lux, and daytime by way of shading, avoids direct sunlight；Cloudy day or night utilize feux rouges
(wavelength 650nm) irradiation, to meet intensity of illumination requirement；Blue background is all arranged in cement bottom of pond portion and surrounding pool wall.Control group
Experimental shop is light water mud sump.
2. water quality management
It is 25~28 DEG C that plectropomus leopardus, which cultivates suitable water temperature, and salinity is greater than 5mg/ in 26-30, pH 7.5-8.5, dissolved oxygen
L, content of nitrite are lower than 0.15mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is lower than 0.1mg/L.Experimental group is micro- by periodically sterilizing, changing water, nanometer
Hole oxygenation, probiotics use and the modes regulating water qualities such as bottom blowdown, to keep water body to stablize, meets plectropomus leopardus and supports
Grow demand.Control group is mainly by periodically sterilizing, changing water, common oxygenation and siphon blowdown mode regulating water quality.
3. feedstuff feeding
Experimental group whole process feeds industry strain Co., Ltd. brand fish and is good for feed (crude protein content is 55%~57%),
And when feeding No. 7 material (8.0-9.0mm), start the natural astaxanthin of addition 0.15%~0.6%, feed every afternoon 1 time,
Feeding volume is the 0.8%~1% of fish total weight；Situation is ingested according to fish in breeding process and health status increases and decreases in right amount, is fed
When, it is artificial slowly all over spreading, it waits fishes to eat up and casts a batch again, until fed to appetite.Control group feeds the red feed of domestic increasing (such as day
The brands such as horse, extra large child), crude protein content 46-50%, crude fat content 6-10%, content of ashes are≤16%, and fiber contains
Amount is≤3%, and moisture content≤12%, probiotics content≤5%, other 4%.
4. disease control
Viral disease does not have direct effective medical treatment regime also, relies primarily on precision management measure, reduces virus
The risk of infection, prevention are greater than treatment；Bacteriosis is mainly vibrios disease, the method that experimental group mostly uses drug therapy,
According to the drug susceptibility of pathogen, sensitive medicaments is selected to prevent and treat.Control group is controlled using common antibiotics
It treats.
5. cultivating tail water processing
Experimental group cultivates the unified collection of tail water, into cultivation tail water processing region, cultivates tail water processing region area and supports
It is suitable to grow the workshop gross area, treatment process includes the sides such as ozonization, precipitating filtering, biochemical treatment, aeration oxygen replenishing, ecological purification
After formula processing, it is ensured that sea-farming water emission request (SC/T9103-2007) can be reached by cultivating tail water after processing.Control group is supported
Grow tail water direct emission.
The cultural method of plectropomus leopardus provided by the invention mainly includes intercropping technology, light control, feed formulation side
Method and feeding technology, bleeding technique, water quality adjustment technology, disease Control Technology, probiotics application method, aquaculture pond bottom row
Dirty technology and cultivation tail water processing etc..
The increasing that plectropomus leopardus industrial aquaculture technology provided by the invention can effectively improve cultivation plectropomus leopardus is red
Rate is to 90% or more, and disease disease incidence is effectively reduced, and cultivation survival rate reaches 90% or more, and disease incidence is low, commodity
The micronutrient levels such as fish tissue protein content, DHA content, content of vitamin E and zinc, magnesium significantly improve, and meat quality is aobvious
It writes and is promoted.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described.
Fig. 1 shows the survival rate (A) of experimental group and control group, increases red rate (B), culture-cycle (C) and feed coefficient (D).
Specific embodiment
The invention discloses a kind of cultural method of plectropomus leopardus, those skilled in the art can use for reference present disclosure,
It is suitably modified realization of process parameters.In particular, it should be pointed out that all similar substitutions and modifications carry out those skilled in the art
Say it is it will be apparent that they are considered as being included in the present invention.Method and application of the invention has passed through preferred embodiment
It is described, related personnel can obviously not depart from the content of present invention, in spirit and scope to method described herein and answer
With being modified or appropriate changes and combinations, carry out implementation and application the technology of the present invention.
Cultural technique according to the present invention includes seed selection, feed formulation method and feeding technology, bleeding technique, water
Matter regulation technology, disease Control Technology, probiotics application method, aquaculture pond bottom blowdown technology and cultivation tail water processing
Deng.
The cultural method of plectropomus leopardus provided by the invention includes the following steps:
1. seed selects
Seed selective body long 5-6cm, it is physically fit, body surface scale is complete, neat specification, disease-free and injury-free individual.It puts in a suitable place to breed
Density is 20~50 tail plectropomus leopardus of per cubic meter of water, and 1~2 tail Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) of intercropping.
2. light control
Cultivating workshop intensity of illumination is controlled in 100~400lux, and daytime by way of shading, avoids direct sunlight；Cloudy day
Or night is irradiated using feux rouges (wavelength 650nm), to meet intensity of illumination requirement；Cement bottom of pond portion and surrounding pool wall are all arranged
Blue background.
3. feed formulation and feeding method
Feed selects industry strain Co., Ltd. brand fish to be good for feed (crude protein content is 55%~57%), and is feeding
When No. 7 material (8.0~9.0mm), start the natural astaxanthin of addition 0.15%~0.6%, artifical compound feed feeding volume is fish
The 0.8%~1% of weight.Specific as follows: the average long 4.5~6cm of body feeds No. 1 material, and feed diameter is 1.8~2.0mm, is thrown
The amount of feeding is the 1.5~2% of fish body weight；The average long 6~8cm of body, feeds No. 2 material, and feed diameter is 2.2~2.4mm, feeding volume
It is the 1~2% of fish body weight；The average long 9~13cm of body, feeds No. 3 material, and feed diameter is 3.1~3.5mm；Average body is long by 13~
16cm feeds No. 4 material, and feed diameter is 4.1~4.5mm, and feedstuff feeding amount is the 1~1.5% of fish body weight；Average body is long by 16~
20cm feeds No. 5 material, and feed diameter is 5.1~5.5mm, and feedstuff feeding amount is the 1~1.5% of fish body weight；Average body long 20
~25cm feeds No. 6 material, and feed diameter is 6.6-7.0mm, and feedstuff feeding amount is the 0.8~1% of fish body weight；Average body long 25
~27cm feeds No. 7 material, and feed diameter is 8.0~9.0mm, and the natural shrimp of addition 0.15%~0.6% is green in feed
Element, feedstuff feeding amount are the 0.8~1% of fish body weight；The average long 27cm or more of body, feeds No. 8 material, feed diameter for 10~
11mm, feeding volume are the 0.5~0.8% of fish body weight.Practical feeding volume ingests situation according to fish and health status increases and decreases in right amount, often
It feeds 1 time, feeds during afternoon 2:30-5:00.
4. water quality adjustment technology
It is monthly primary to water body disinfection using chlorine dioxide or hydrogen peroxide, water body cleaning is kept, and use Tiny ecosystem system
Agent (including more than 10 complex microorganism such as bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria) regulating water quality keeps water nitrite
Content is lower than 0.15mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is lower than 0.1mg/L.
Using nanometer micropore oxygenation and pure oxygen oxygenation two ways oxygenation, it is micro- that 4 nanometers are installed in each aquaculture pond pool wall
1 pure oxygen oxygenation device is installed in hole oxygen increasing tube and middle position, and daily oxygenation uninterrupted for 24 hours, makes water body court in pond during cultivation
Counterclockwise slowly flowing, remain water body dissolved oxygen in 5~9 mg/L.
5. probiotics application method
Using lactic acid bacteria, (total viable count is greater than 100*10 every two weeks8Cfu/ml, the limited public affairs of Tai'an Sen Mupu biotechnology
Department) spice feeds once, promote enteron aisle digestion, alleviation intestinal inflammatory.When feeding No. 1 material, 20% lactobacillus preparation of addition+
20% water；When feeding No. 2 material ,+15% water of 15% lactobacillus preparation is added；Added when feeding No. 3-4 material 10% lactobacillus preparation+
10% water；When feeding No. 5-6 material ,+7% water of 7% lactobacillus preparation is added；When feeding No. 7 material, 5% lactobacillus preparation of addition+
5% water；When feeding No. 8 material ,+3% water of 3% lactobacillus preparation is added.
6. cultivating bottom blowdown technology
Cultivate cement pit be equipped with bottom blow-down and surface decontamination apparatus, daily bottom blow-down three times, respectively in the morning, in
Noon and afternoon carry out；For surface blow-off mainly to change in a manner of water, every light quantity of exchanged water is 7~8 times of breeding water body；Two kinds of blowdown sides
Formula combines can remove excrement and residual bait in breeding water body in time, to keep water body to clean.
7. disease Control Technology
Bacterial disease mainly according to the drug susceptibility of pathogen, selects sensitive medicaments to be prevented and prevented and treated；It is practical
Carry out bacterial disease prevention and treatment commonly using drugs such as rifampin and Florfenicols in breeding process.
8. cultivating tail water processing technique
It cultivates that tail water is unified to be collected, is carried out at cultivation tail water using with the comparable pond of industrial aquaculture floor space
Reason, main process include by ozonization, precipitating filtering, biochemical treatment, aeration oxygen replenishing, ecological purification etc., it is ensured that after processing
Cultivation tail water can reach sea-farming water emission request (SC/T9103-2007).
Raw materials used and reagent is available on the market in the cultural method of plectropomus leopardus provided by the invention.
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further explained:
Embodiment 1
1. seed selects
Seed selective body long 5-6cm, it is physically fit, body surface scale is complete, neat specification, disease-free and injury-free individual.It puts in a suitable place to breed
Density is 2 tail Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) of 25 tail plectropomus leopardus of per cubic meter of water and intercropping.
2. light control
Cultivating workshop intensity of illumination is controlled in 200lux, and daytime by way of shading, avoids direct sunlight；Cloudy day or night
Between using feux rouges (wavelength 650nm) irradiate, with meet intensity of illumination requirement；Blue back is all arranged in cement bottom of pond portion and surrounding pool wall
Scape.
3. feed formulation and feeding method
Feed selects industry strain Co., Ltd. brand fish to be good for feed (crude protein content is 55~57%), and is feeding 7
Number material when (8.0~9.0mm), start add 0.6% natural astaxanthin, artifical compound feed feeding volume be fish body weight 2%.Tool
Body is as follows: the average long 4.5~6cm of body feeds No. 1 material, and feed diameter is 1.8~2.0mm, and feeding volume is the 1.5- of fish body weight
2%；The average long 6~8cm of body feeds No. 2 material, and feed diameter is 2.2~2.4mm, and feeding volume is the 1~2% of fish body weight；It is average
Body grows 9~13cm, feeds No. 3 material, and feed diameter is 3.1~3.5mm；The average long 13~16cm of body, feeds No. 4 material, feed is straight
Diameter is 4.1~4.5mm, and feedstuff feeding amount is the 1~1.5% of fish body weight；The average long 16~20cm of body, feeds No. 5 material, feed
Diameter is 5.1~5.5mm, and feedstuff feeding amount is the 1~1.5% of fish body weight；The average long 20~25cm of body, feeds No. 6 material, raises
Material diameter is 6.6~7.0mm, and feedstuff feeding amount is the 0.8-1% of fish body weight；The average long 25~27cm of body, feeds No. 7 material, raises
Material diameter is 8.0~9.0mm, and 0.6% natural astaxanthin is added in feed, feedstuff feeding amount be fish body weight 0.8~
1%；The average long 27cm or more of body, feeds No. 8 material, and feed diameter is 10~11mm, feeding volume for fish body weight 0.5~
0.8%.Practical feeding volume ingests situation according to fish and health status increases and decreases in right amount, feeds daily 1 time, the 2:30-5:00 phase in the afternoon
Between feed.
4. water quality adjustment technology
It is monthly primary to water body disinfection using chlorine dioxide or hydrogen peroxide, water body cleaning is kept, and use Tiny ecosystem system
Agent (including more than 10 complex microorganism such as bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria) regulating water quality keeps water nitrite
0~0.05mg/L of content, 0~0.05mg/L of ammonia-nitrogen content.
Using nanometer micropore oxygenation and pure oxygen oxygenation two ways oxygenation, it is micro- that 4 nanometers are installed in each aquaculture pond pool wall
Hole oxygen increasing tube and 1 pure oxygen oxygenation device, daily oxygenation uninterrupted for 24 hours during cultivation make in pond water body against the sun
Slowly flowing, remains water body dissolved oxygen in 8~9mg/L.
5. probiotics application method
Using lactic acid bacteria, (total viable count is greater than 100*10 every two weeks8Cfu/ml, the limited public affairs of Tai'an Sen Mupu biotechnology
Department) spice feeds once, promote enteron aisle digestion, alleviation intestinal inflammatory.When feeding No. 1 material, 20% lactobacillus preparation+20% is added
Water；When feeding No. 2 material ,+15% water of 15% lactobacillus preparation is added；10% lactobacillus preparation+10% is added when feeding No. 3-4 material
Water；When feeding No. 5-6 material ,+7% water of 7% lactobacillus preparation is added；When feeding No. 7 material ,+5% water of 5% lactobacillus preparation is added；
When feeding No. 8 material ,+3% water of 3% lactobacillus preparation is added.
6. cultivating bottom blowdown technology
Cultivate cement pit be equipped with bottom blow-down and surface decontamination apparatus, daily bottom blow-down three times, respectively in the morning, in
Noon and afternoon carry out；For surface blow-off mainly to change in a manner of water, every light quantity of exchanged water reaches 7~8 times of breeding water body；Two kinds of blowdowns
Mode combines can remove excrement and residual bait in breeding water body in time, to keep water body to clean.
7. disease Control Technology
Bacterial disease mainly according to the drug susceptibility of pathogen, selects sensitive medicaments to be prevented and prevented and treated；It is practical
Carry out bacterial disease prevention and treatment commonly using drugs such as rifampin and Florfenicols in breeding process.
8. cultivating tail water processing technique
The unified collection of tail water is cultivated, by sides such as ozonization, precipitating filtering, biochemical treatment, aeration oxygen replenishing, ecological purifications
Cultivation tail water can reach sea-farming water emission request (SC/T9103-2007) after formula processing.
Embodiment 2
1. seed selects
Seed selective body long 5-6cm, it is physically fit, body surface scale is complete, neat specification, disease-free and injury-free individual.It puts in a suitable place to breed
Density is 1 tail Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) of 30 tail plectropomus leopardus of per cubic meter of water and intercropping.
2. light control
Cultivating workshop intensity of illumination is controlled in 400lux, and daytime by way of shading, avoids direct sunlight；Cloudy day or night
Between using feux rouges (wavelength 650nm) irradiate, with meet intensity of illumination requirement；Blue back is all arranged in cement bottom of pond portion and surrounding pool wall
Scape.
3. feed formulation and feeding method
Feed selects industry strain Co., Ltd. brand fish to be good for feed (crude protein content is 55~57%), and is feeding 7
Number material when (8.0~9.0mm), start add 0.4% natural astaxanthin, artifical compound feed feeding volume be fish body weight 0.5%.
Specific as follows: the average long 4.5~6cm of body feeds No. 1 material, and feed diameter is 1.8~2.0mm, and feeding volume is the 1.5- of fish body weight
2%；The average long 6~8cm of body feeds No. 2 material, and feed diameter is 2.2~2.4mm, and feeding volume is the 1~2% of fish body weight；It is average
Body grows 9~13cm, feeds No. 3 material, and feed diameter is 3.1~3.5mm；The average long 13~16cm of body, feeds No. 4 material, feed is straight
Diameter is 4.1~4.5mm, and feedstuff feeding amount is the 1~1.5% of fish body weight；The average long 16~20cm of body, feeds No. 5 material, feed
Diameter is 5.1~5.5mm, and feedstuff feeding amount is the 1~1.5% of fish body weight；The average long 20~25cm of body, feeds No. 6 material, raises
Material diameter is 6.6~7.0mm, and feedstuff feeding amount is the 0.8-1% of fish body weight；The average long 25~27cm of body, feeds No. 7 material, raises
Material diameter is 8.0~9.0mm, and 0.4% natural astaxanthin is added in feed, feedstuff feeding amount be fish body weight 0.8~
1%；The average long 27cm or more of body, feeds No. 8 material, and feed diameter is 10~11mm, feeding volume for fish body weight 0.5~
0.8%.Practical feeding volume ingests situation according to fish and health status increases and decreases in right amount, feeds daily 1 time, the 2:30-5:00 phase in the afternoon
Between feed.
4. water quality adjustment technology
It is monthly primary to water body disinfection using chlorine dioxide or hydrogen peroxide, water body cleaning is kept, and use Tiny ecosystem system
Agent (including more than 10 complex microorganism such as bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria) regulating water quality keeps water nitrite
0.05~0.01mg/L of content, 0.05~0.1mg/L of ammonia-nitrogen content.
Using nanometer micropore oxygenation and pure oxygen oxygenation two ways oxygenation, it is micro- that 4 nanometers are installed in each aquaculture pond pool wall
Hole oxygen increasing tube and 1 pure oxygen oxygenation device, daily oxygenation uninterrupted for 24 hours during cultivation make in pond water body against the sun
Slowly flowing, remains water body dissolved oxygen in 7~8mg/L.
5. probiotics application method
Using lactic acid bacteria, (total viable count is greater than 100*10 every two weeks8Cfu/ml, the limited public affairs of Tai'an Sen Mupu biotechnology
Department) spice feeds once, promote enteron aisle digestion, alleviation intestinal inflammatory.When feeding No. 1 material, 20% lactobacillus preparation of addition+
20% water；When feeding No. 2 material ,+15% water of 15% lactobacillus preparation is added；Added when feeding No. 3-4 material 10% lactobacillus preparation+
10% water；When feeding No. 5-6 material ,+7% water of 7% lactobacillus preparation is added；When feeding No. 7 material, 5% lactobacillus preparation of addition+
5% water；When feeding No. 8 material ,+3% water of 3% lactobacillus preparation is added.
6. cultivating bottom blowdown technology
Cultivate cement pit be equipped with bottom blow-down and surface decontamination apparatus, daily bottom blow-down three times, respectively in the morning, in
Noon and afternoon carry out；For surface blow-off mainly to change in a manner of water, every light quantity of exchanged water reaches 7~8 times of breeding water body；Two kinds of blowdowns
Mode combines can remove excrement and residual bait in breeding water body in time, to keep water body to clean.
7. disease Control Technology
Bacterial disease mainly according to the drug susceptibility of pathogen, selects sensitive medicaments to be prevented and prevented and treated；It is practical
Carry out bacterial disease prevention and treatment commonly using drugs such as Amoxicillins in breeding process.
8. cultivating tail water processing technique
The unified collection of tail water is cultivated, by sides such as ozonization, precipitating filtering, biochemical treatment, aeration oxygen replenishing, ecological purifications
Cultivation tail water can reach sea-farming water emission request (SC/T9103-2007) after formula processing.
Embodiment 3
1. seed selects
Seed selective body long 5-6cm, it is physically fit, body surface scale is complete, neat specification, disease-free and injury-free individual.It puts in a suitable place to breed
Density is 1 tail Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus) of 45 tail plectropomus leopardus of per cubic meter of water and intercropping.
2. light control
Cultivating workshop intensity of illumination is controlled in 100lux, and daytime by way of shading, avoids direct sunlight；Cloudy day or night
Between using feux rouges (wavelength 650nm) irradiate, with meet intensity of illumination requirement；Blue back is all arranged in cement bottom of pond portion and surrounding pool wall
Scape.
3. feed formulation and feeding method
Feed selects industry strain Co., Ltd. brand fish to be good for feed (crude protein content is 55~57%), and is feeding 7
Number material when (8.0~9.0mm), add 10% krill, artifical compound feed feeding volume be fish body weight 1%.It is specific as follows:
The average long 4.5~6cm of body feeds No. 1 material, and feed diameter is 1.8~2.0mm, and feeding volume is the 1.5-2% of fish body weight；It is average
Body grows 6~8cm, feeds No. 2 material, and feed diameter is 2.2~2.4mm, and feeding volume is the 1~2% of fish body weight；Average body is long by 9~
13cm, feeds No. 3 material, and feed diameter is 3.1~3.5mm；The average long 13~16cm of body, feeds No. 4 material, and feed diameter is 4.1
~4.5mm, feedstuff feeding amount are the 1~1.5% of fish body weight；The average long 16~20cm of body, feeds No. 5 material, feed diameter is
5.1~5.5mm, feedstuff feeding amount are the 1~1.5% of fish body weight；The average long 20~25cm of body, feeds No. 6 material, feed diameter
For 6.6~7.0mm, feedstuff feeding amount is the 0.8-1% of fish body weight；The average long 25~27cm of body, feeds No. 7 material, feed diameter
For 8.0~9.0mm, and 0.3% natural astaxanthin is added in feed, feedstuff feeding amount is the 0.8~1% of fish body weight；It is average
The long 27cm or more of body feeds No. 8 material, and feed diameter is 10~11mm, and feeding volume is the 0.5~0.8% of fish body weight.It is practical to throw
It feeds that amount ingests situation according to fish and health status increases and decreases in right amount, feeds daily 1 time, fed during afternoon 2:30-5:00.
4. water quality adjustment technology
It is monthly primary to water body disinfection using chlorine dioxide or hydrogen peroxide, water body cleaning is kept, and use Tiny ecosystem system
Agent (including more than 10 complex microorganism such as bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria) regulating water quality keeps water nitrite
Content is 0.1~0.15mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is 0.1~0.15mg/L.
Using nanometer micropore oxygenation and pure oxygen oxygenation two ways oxygenation, it is micro- that 4 nanometers are installed in each aquaculture pond pool wall
Hole oxygen increasing tube and 1 pure oxygen oxygenation device, daily oxygenation uninterrupted for 24 hours during cultivation make in pond water body against the sun
Slowly flowing remains that water body dissolved oxygen is 5~6mg/L.
5. probiotics application method
Using lactic acid bacteria, (total viable count is greater than 100*10 every two weeks8Cfu/ml, the limited public affairs of Tai'an Sen Mupu biotechnology
Department) spice feeds once, promote enteron aisle digestion, alleviation intestinal inflammatory.When feeding No. 1 material, 20% lactobacillus preparation+20% is added
Water；When feeding No. 2 material ,+15% water of 15% lactobacillus preparation is added；10% lactobacillus preparation+10% is added when feeding No. 3-4 material
Water；When feeding No. 5-6 material ,+7% water of 7% lactobacillus preparation is added；When feeding No. 7 material ,+5% water of 5% lactobacillus preparation is added；
When feeding No. 8 material ,+3% water of 3% lactobacillus preparation is added.
6. cultivating bottom blowdown technology
Cultivate cement pit be equipped with bottom blow-down and surface decontamination apparatus, daily bottom blow-down three times, respectively in the morning, in
Noon and afternoon carry out；For surface blow-off mainly to change in a manner of water, every light quantity of exchanged water reaches 7~8 times of breeding water body；Two kinds of blowdowns
Mode combines can remove excrement and residual bait in breeding water body in time, to keep water body to clean.
7. disease Control Technology
Bacterial disease mainly according to the drug susceptibility of pathogen, selects sensitive medicaments to be prevented and prevented and treated；It is practical
Carry out bacterial disease prevention and treatment commonly using drugs such as rifampin and Florfenicols in breeding process.
8. cultivating tail water processing technique
The unified collection of tail water is cultivated, after the modes such as precipitating filtering, biological cleaning, aeration oxygen replenishing, ultraviolet disinfection are handled
Cultivation tail water can reach sea-farming water emission request (SC/T9103-2007).
Comparative example 1
It feeds industry strain Co., Ltd. brand fish and is good for feed, and when feeding No. 7 material (8.0~9.0mm), do not add day
Right astaxanthin；
Cultivation plectropomus leopardus density is 60 tails/m3, there is no intercropping Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus)；
Gray background is arranged in aquaculture pond or the bottom and side wall for cultivating cabinet, and cloudy day or night use white irradiation；
The content of nitrite of breeding water body is 0.15~0.2mg/L, the ammonia-nitrogen content of breeding water body is 0.1~
0.2mg/L；
The dissolved oxygen of breeding water body is 5mg/L；
When feeding feed, probiotics are not used；
Tail water is cultivated without processing direct emission；
Remaining cultural method is the same as embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2
The red feed of domestic increasing is fed, and when feeding 8.0~9.0mm partial size feed, does not add natural astaxanthin；
Cultivation plectropomus leopardus density is 60 tails/m3, there is no intercropping Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus)；
Gray background is arranged in aquaculture pond or the bottom and side wall for cultivating cabinet, and cloudy day or night use white irradiation；
The content of nitrite of breeding water body is 0.15~0.2mg/L, and the ammonia-nitrogen content of breeding water body is 0.1~0.2mg/
L；
The dissolved oxygen of breeding water body is 5mg/L；
When feeding the red feed of domestic increasing, probiotics are not used；
Tail water is cultivated without processing direct emission；
Remaining cultural method is the same as embodiment 2.
Comparative example 3
The red feed of domestic increasing is fed, and when feeding 8.0~9.0mm partial size feed, does not add natural astaxanthin；
Cultivation density is 70 tails/m3, there is no intercropping Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus)；
Black background is arranged in aquaculture pond or the bottom and side wall for cultivating cabinet, and cloudy day or night do not use any illumination
It penetrates；
The content of nitrite of breeding water body is 0.20~0.35mg/L, the ammonia-nitrogen content of breeding water body is 0.1~
0.20mg/L；
The dissolved oxygen of breeding water body is 5mg/L；
When feeding the red feed of domestic increasing, probiotics are not used；
Cultivation cement pit does not have bottom blowdown device, passes through manual soil pick-up mode blowdown；
Tail water is cultivated without processing direct emission；
Remaining cultural method is the same as embodiment 3.
Experimental example 1 cultivates result
Experimental group 1~3: Examples 1 to 3；
Control group: comparative example 1~3；
Data analysis: all data use SPSS13.0 statistical software for statistical analysis.
It is as follows to cultivate situation:
Experimental group different batches fish culture situation is as shown in table 1, and cultivation average survival is 95%, and increasing red rate is
98%；The culture-cycle that cultivation reaches marketable fish size is 13.6 months；Feed coefficient is 1.57.Control group different batches fish
It is as shown in table 2 to cultivate situation, cultivation average survival is 70%, and increasing red rate is 73%；Cultivation reaches the cultivation of marketable fish size
Period is 18 months；Feed coefficient is 1.98.
1 experimental group different batches fish culture situation of table
2 control group of table cultivates batch situation
Statistical analysis shows experimental group and control group in terms of cultivation survival rate, the red rate of increasing, culture-cycle and feed coefficient
There is significant difference (P < 0.001).Wherein the cultivation survival rate of control group plectropomus leopardus, the red rate of increasing are respectively 95% and
98%, it is significantly higher than control group (respectively 76% and 73%) (Figure 1A, B)；And culture-cycle and feed coefficient are respectively
13.6 months and 1.57, substantially less than control group (respectively 18 months and 1.98) (Fig. 1 C, D).
2 nutritional ingredient testing result of experimental example
Sample to be examined: the plectropomus leopardus that Examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1~3 cultivate；Sample state: muscle is mixed.Its
In, the sample mean weight of comparative example 1~3 is 563g；The sample mean weight of Examples 1 to 3 is 639g.
Plectropomus leopardus nutritional ingredient testing result is as shown in table 3, Examples 1 to 3 plectropomus leopardus muscle crude fat, thick
Albumen, DHA, vitamin E and trace element zinc and content of magnesium nutritional ingredient corresponding to 1~3 plectropomus leopardus muscle of comparative example
Content difference is significant, wherein the former crude fat, crude protein content, DHA content, content of vitamin E and trace element zinc and magnesium
Content is above 1~3 content of comparative example.Compared with bibliography value, the plectropomus leopardus crude fat content of this method cultivation
Lower than reference value, crude protein content, DHA and DPA content, microelement Zn content are above bibliography value.
The fresh nutritive composition in muscle of 3 plectropomus leopardus of table
Note: different lowercase expressions of going together are with significant difference, p < 0.05；"-" indicates no data.
By data in above-mentioned table it is found that plectropomus leopardus industrial aquaculture technology provided by the invention can effectively improve it is feeding
The red rate of increasing of plectropomus leopardus is grown to 90% or more, disease disease incidence is effectively reduced, and cultivation survival rate reaches 90% or more, and
Disease incidence is low, and the micronutrient levels such as marketable fish muscle protein content, DHA content, content of vitamin E and zinc, magnesium are aobvious
It writes and improves, meat quality is obviously improved.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the cultural method of plectropomus leopardus, which is characterized in that feed industry strain Co., Ltd. brand fish and be good for feed, and throwing
When feeding No. 7 material (8.0~9.0mm), the natural astaxanthin of No. 7 material mass percentage 0.15%~0.6% is added, it is described
The feeding volume of feed is the 0.8~1% of fish body weight, is fed daily 1 time；
Cultivation plectropomus leopardus density is 20~50 tails/m3, and 1~2 tail of intercropping Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus)/m3；
Blue background is arranged in aquaculture pond or the bottom and side wall for cultivating cabinet, and cloudy day or night use red light irradiation；
Breeding water body salinity is 26~30, and temperature is 25~28 DEG C；Content of nitrite is lower than 0.15mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is lower than
0.1mg/L；The dissolved oxygen of breeding water body is greater than 5mg/L.
2. cultural method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described to feed specifically: fish body be averaged body it is long by 4.5~
6cm feeds No. 1 material, and feed diameter is 1.8~2.0mm, and feeding volume is the 1.5~2% of fish body weight；Fish body be averaged body it is long by 6~
8cm feeds No. 2 material, and feed diameter is 2.2~2.4mm, and feeding volume is the 1~2% of fish body weight；Fish body be averaged body it is long by 9~
13cm, feeds No. 3 material, and feed diameter is 3.1~3.5mm；Fish body is averaged the long 13~16cm of body, feeds No. 4 material, feed diameter is
4.1~4.5mm, feedstuff feeding amount are the 1~1.5% of fish body weight；Fish body is averaged the long 16~20cm of body, feeds No. 5 material, feed is straight
Diameter is 5.1~5.5mm, and feedstuff feeding amount is the 1~1.5% of fish body weight；Fish body is averaged the long 20~25cm of body, feeds No. 6 material, feeding
Material diameter is 6.6~7.0mm, and feedstuff feeding amount is the 0.8~1% of fish body weight；Fish body is averaged the long 25~27cm of body, feeds No. 7
Material, feed diameter are 8.0~9.0mm, and 0.15%~0.6% natural astaxanthin is added in feed, and feedstuff feeding amount is
The 0.8~1% of fish body weight；Fish body is averaged the long 27cm or more of body, feeds No. 8 material, and feed diameter is 10~11mm, and feeding volume is fish
The 0.5~0.8% of weight；
Practical feeding volume ingests situation according to fish and health status increases and decreases in right amount, feeds daily 1 time, during afternoon 2:30~5:00
It feeds.
3. cultural method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that cultivation plectropomus leopardus density is 20~50 tails/m3,
And 1~2 tail of intercropping Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus)/m3。
4. cultural method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that intensity of illumination is 100~400lux.
5. such as the described in any item cultural methods of Claims 1-4, which is characterized in that the content of nitrite of breeding water body is
0.03~0.15mg/L；Ammonia-nitrogen content is 0.05~0.1mg/L；Dissolved oxygen is 5~9mg/L.
6. such as cultural method described in any one of claim 1 to 5, which is characterized in that further include being fed every two weeks described
Lactobacillus preparation is added in feed, total viable count is greater than 100 × 10 in the lactobacillus preparation8cfu/ml。
7. cultural method as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that when feeding No. 1 material, 20% lactobacillus preparation of addition+
20% water；When feeding No. 2 material ,+15% water of 15% lactobacillus preparation is added；10% lactobacillus preparation is added when feeding 3~No. 4 material
+ 10% water；When feeding 5~No. 6 material ,+7% water of 7% lactobacillus preparation is added；When feeding No. 7 material, 5% lactobacillus preparation of addition+
5% water；When feeding No. 8 material ,+3% water of 3% lactobacillus preparation is added；
Wherein the additive amount of the lactobacillus preparation and water is the percentage composition for accounting for the feed fed.
8. cultural method as described in any one of claim 1 to 7, which is characterized in that further include the steps that blowdown, change water daily
Amount is 7~8 times of breeding water body volume.
9. cultural method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized in that the wavelength of the feux rouges is 650nm.
10. cultural method as described in any one of claim 1 to 9, which is characterized in that further include that will cultivate the unified collection of tail water
Into cultivation tail water processing region, treatment process includes ozonization, precipitates filtering, biochemical treatment, aeration oxygen replenishing, ecology only
Change.
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